CN109209656B - 一种天然气发动机燃烧组织方法 - Google Patents

一种天然气发动机燃烧组织方法 Download PDF

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CN109209656B
CN109209656B CN201811149126.XA CN201811149126A CN109209656B CN 109209656 B CN109209656 B CN 109209656B CN 201811149126 A CN201811149126 A CN 201811149126A CN 109209656 B CN109209656 B CN 109209656B
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杨立平
包军杰
宋恩哲
姚崇
范立云
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Abstract

本发明的目的在于提供一种多次喷射和预燃室低压供气及柴油微喷引燃的天然气发动机燃烧组织方法，单向供气阀在进气冲程向预燃室喷射天然气；高压天然气喷射阀向缸内多次直接喷射天然气，在不同发动机负荷下缸内形成不同浓度梯度的混合气分层；预燃室位于气缸盖中间，喷油器在压缩上止点附近向预燃室内喷射少量柴油，柴油自燃并引燃预燃室内混合气，高温燃气从预燃室喷出点燃缸内混合气。通过调节单向供气阀内的压力控制预燃室内的天然气浓度；通过调节高压天然气喷射阀的喷射次数和喷射量，实现对缸内混合气浓度梯度的控制；通过调节预燃室柴油喷射量和喷射正时，实现不同工况下天然气发动机可靠点火和高效率、低排放燃烧。

Description

一种天然气发动机燃烧组织方法
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种发动机燃烧控制方法，具体地说是天然气发动机燃烧控制方法。
背景技术
近几年来，随着石油等燃料的枯竭，世界各国都在研究寻找可替代传统燃料的新能源。天然气储量丰富，价格低廉，具有高效清洁的优点，因此受到了世界各国的重视。天然气虽然天然气具有高效清洁，价格低廉的优点，但由于天然气的燃点比汽油、柴油等燃料要高，导致点燃天然气所需的能量较高，火焰传播速度相对较低，从而降低了发动机的燃烧效率，影响发动机的排放性与动力性。
大型天然气发动机都安装有预燃室，大部分通过火花塞点燃预燃室内的天然气形成高温燃气来引燃主燃室内的混合气。但是由于天然气发动机在不同工况下时着火稳定性差以及火焰传播速度慢，因此通过改变缸内天然气的浓度分布是改善天然气燃烧效率的有效手段之一。
为了实现缸内混合气的充分燃烧，提高发动机性能，芬兰Wartsila公司、挪威Trondheim大学等都采用过缸内直喷式天然气发动机，通过将天然气直接喷入气缸形成较浓的混合气分布。这类天然气发动机提高了天然气发动机的热效率，易于实现对稀薄燃烧和燃烧过程的控制，提高动力性。但是高压单次喷射无法实现不同工况下缸内的混合气多梯度的分层燃烧，仍然存在燃烧不充分的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供实现不同工况下天然气发动机可靠点火和高效率、低排放燃烧的一种采用天然气缸内高压多次喷射和预燃室低压供气及柴油微喷引燃的天然气发动机燃烧组织方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：
本发明一种采用天然气缸内高压多次喷射和预燃室低压供气及柴油微喷引燃的天然气发动机燃烧组织方法，其特征是：天然气发动机包括气缸壁、气缸盖，气缸盖位于气缸壁上方，气缸壁里设置活塞，活塞与气缸盖之间为主燃室，进气歧管连通主燃室，进气管与主燃室相通处设置进气阀，气缸盖里分别设置喷油器、高压天然气喷射阀、单向供气阀，预燃室通过连通通道连通主燃室，喷油器安装在预燃室上方，高压天然气喷射阀的喷口位于主燃室上方，单向供气阀出口连通预燃室；
检测天然气发动机工况，根据天然气发动机不同工况，实行不同控制策略：
(1)天然气发动机处于低负荷工况时，高压天然气喷射阀在上止点前60-90℃A向主燃室进行单次天然气喷射，柴油喷射正时在上止点前15-25℃A，单向供气阀的压力调节为5-6bar；
(2)天然气发动机处于中等负荷工况时，高压天然气喷射阀在上止点前60-90℃A向主燃室进行二次等量的天然气喷射，第二次喷射时间为上止点前60℃A，柴油喷射正时在上止点前10-20℃A，单向供气阀的压力调节为6-8bar；
(3)天然气发动机处于高负荷工况时，高压天然气喷射阀在上止点前60-90℃A向主燃室进行三次不等量的天然气喷射，使天然气随着活塞向上运动，在缸内形成距喷气阀由近及远、由浓到稀的小梯度分层混合气，柴油喷射正时在上止点前5-15℃A，单向供气阀的压力调节为8-10bar。
本发明的优势在于：根据发动机的不同工况，通过在预燃室内安装单向供气阀，调节单向供气阀内的压力使预燃室内的混合气均匀分布，并通过调节微喷柴油量与喷油正时引燃混合气，有利于预燃室内点火可靠性与火焰传播；根据发动机的不同工况，通过调节高压天然气喷射阀的喷射次数与喷射量，实现对缸内混合气浓度梯度的控制。该方法改善了不同工况下天然气发动机无法兼顾其排放性与动力性的缺点，提高了发动机的点火可靠性，燃烧稳定性，从而提高了天然气发动机的排放性和动力性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构及工作原理图；
图2为低负荷工况下天然气在气缸内形成的混合气分层示意图；
图3为中负荷工况下天然气在气缸内形成的混合气分层示意图；
图4为高负荷工况下天然气在气缸内形成的混合气分层示意图；
图5为本发明的喷射策略示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图举例对本发明做更详细地描述：
结合图1-5，本发明涉及的天然气发动机燃烧系统主要由活塞1、高压天然气喷射阀2、预燃室3、喷油器4、单向供气阀5、进气歧管6、气缸盖7、进气阀8、主燃室9等组成。
上述天然气发动机为四冲程发动机，每循环分别包含进气行程、压缩行程、燃烧行程及排气行程。上述天然气发动机燃烧系统的单向供气阀安装在预燃室的一侧，根据工况的不同调节单向供气阀内的压力(压力调节范围为5-10bar)，根据供气阀内与预燃室内的压力差打开阀门，往预燃室内喷射天然气，在预燃室内形成均匀的混合气。
天然气发动机燃烧系统的高压天然气喷射阀为单孔结构并倾斜的安装在气缸盖内，根据发动机工况的不同，在活塞行至上止点前30度内直接向缸内进行多次高压喷射(压力为300bar)，在缸内形成局部浓混合气。喷出的天然气离预燃室的出口有不小于15mm的安全距离，防止预燃室出口天然气浓度过大使点火困难。
天然气发动机燃烧系统的喷油器安装在缸盖的喷油器安装孔内，预燃室位于气缸盖内并处于喷油器的正下方，在活塞行至压缩上止点附近时，喷油器向预燃室内喷射少量柴油，柴油自燃并引燃预燃室内的混合气，高温燃气通过预燃室与燃烧室的通道喷出并点燃缸内混合气。
针对不同工况下，对于天然气发动机的控制方案具体如下：
(1)在天然气发动机处于低负荷工况时，高压天然气喷射阀在上止点前60-90℃A向主燃室进行单次天然气喷射，这是由于低负荷下天然气会因稀薄燃烧易发生失火等问题，因此需要通过缸内较大梯度浓度分层来实现充分燃烧，提高发动机在低负荷状态下运行的稳定性。柴油喷射正时应在上止点前15-25℃A。单向供气阀的压力调节为5-6bar，这是由于低负荷时进气冲程进入缸内的空气流量小，缸内气体压力升高慢，气体压力低，进入预燃室的空气少，较小的压力差能使预燃室内的天然气浓度处于最佳状态分布。
(2)在天然气发动机处于中等负荷工况时，高压天然气喷射阀在上止点前60-90℃A向主燃室进行二次等量的天然气喷射，第二次喷射时间为上止点前60℃A，第一次喷射的天然气会随着活塞向上流动，从而形成了小梯度的上浓下稀混合气分布，此时再通过第二次等量喷射实现缸内中等梯度浓度分层。提高了发动机在中负荷工况下缸内的火焰传播速度。柴油喷射正时应在上止点前10-20℃A。单向供气阀的压力调节为6-8bar，这是由于中等负荷时进气冲程进入缸内的空气流量适中，气体压力相对低负荷要高，进入预燃室的空气相对较多，采用中等压力能使预燃室内的天然气浓度处于最佳状态分布。
(3)在天然气发动机处于高负荷工况时，高压天然气喷射阀在上止点前60-90℃A向主燃室进行三次不等量的天然气喷射，通过调整三次喷射天然气的比例关系，使天然气随着活塞向上运动，在缸内形成距喷气阀由近及远由浓到稀的小梯度分层混合气。保证了发动机在高负荷工况下整体的稀薄分层快速燃烧。柴油喷射正时应在上止点前5-15℃A。单向供气阀的压力调节为8-10bar，这是由于高负荷时进气冲程进入缸内的空气流量大，缸内气体压力升高快，气体压力高，进入预燃室的空气多，较大的压力差能使预燃室内的天然气浓度处于最佳状态分布。
综上所述，该方法根据不同工况，通过单向供气阀调节预燃室内的天然气浓度，通过调节高压天然气喷射阀的喷射次数和喷射量直接向主燃室进行喷射，实现了对缸内混合气浓度梯度的控制。采用预燃室柴油微喷引燃的方式，控制预燃室柴油喷射量和喷射正时。此方法有利于预燃室混合气的点火可靠性与火焰传播速度，从而实现缸内的快速分层燃烧，改善天然气发动机的燃烧效率与燃烧稳定性，从而提高了天然气发动机的动力性与排放性。

Claims (1)

1.一种天然气发动机燃烧组织方法，其特征是：天然气发动机包括气缸壁、气缸盖，气缸盖位于气缸壁上方，气缸壁里设置活塞，活塞与气缸盖之间为主燃室，进气歧管连通主燃室，进气管与主燃室相通处设置进气阀，气缸盖里分别设置喷油器、高压天然气喷射阀、单向供气阀，预燃室通过连通通道连通主燃室，喷油器安装在预燃室上方，高压天然气喷射阀的喷口位于主燃室上方，单向供气阀出口连通预燃室；
检测天然气发动机工况，根据天然气发动机不同工况，实行不同控制策略：
(1)天然气发动机处于低负荷工况时，高压天然气喷射阀在上止点前60-90°CA向主燃室进行单次天然气喷射，柴油喷射正时在上止点前15-25°CA，单向供气阀的压力调节为5-6bar；
(2)天然气发动机处于中等负荷工况时，高压天然气喷射阀在上止点前60-90°CA向主燃室进行二次等量的天然气喷射，第二次喷射时间为上止点前60°CA，柴油喷射正时在上止点前10-20°CA，单向供气阀的压力调节为6-8bar；
(3)天然气发动机处于高负荷工况时，高压天然气喷射阀在上止点前60-90°CA向主燃室进行三次不等量的天然气喷射，使天然气随着活塞向上运动，在缸内形成距喷气阀由近及远、由浓到稀的小梯度分层混合气，柴油喷射正时在上止点前5-15°CA，单向供气阀的压力调节为8-10bar。
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