CN105649810A - 双燃料发动机燃料喷射方式 - Google Patents

双燃料发动机燃料喷射方式 Download PDF

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CN105649810A
CN105649810A CN201610078825.4A CN201610078825A CN105649810A CN 105649810 A CN105649810 A CN 105649810A CN 201610078825 A CN201610078825 A CN 201610078825A CN 105649810 A CN105649810 A CN 105649810A
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fuel
ignited
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injected
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隆武强
田华
田江平
崔靖晨
冯立岩
陈雷
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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Abstract

一种双燃料发动机的燃料喷射方式，包括被引燃燃料的喷射和引燃燃料的喷射及二者之间的配合。根据发动机工况的大小，被引燃燃料全部由进气道喷射、或者一部分通过进气道喷射，另一部分直接喷入缸内、或者停止喷射被引燃燃料。喷入进气道的燃料与空气形成稀薄预混合气，直接喷入缸内的被引燃燃料，可以在进气行程或压缩行程喷射，也可以和引燃燃料同时喷射，或在缸内混合气燃烧后的膨胀行程早期喷射。在压缩上止点附近喷射引燃用燃料，引燃缸内被引燃燃料的预混合气。通过控制进气道喷射和缸内喷射的被引燃燃料比例、以及直接喷入缸内的两种燃料喷射正时，使发动机实现高效清洁燃烧。

Description

双燃料发动机燃料喷射方式
技术领域
本发明涉及一种双燃料发动机的燃料喷射方式，包括被引燃燃料的喷射和引燃燃料的喷射及二者之间的配合。
背景技术
由于天然气、甲醇的可用性和经济性高、排放性好，越来越多的内燃机改用天然气或醇类作为燃料。在柴油机上掺烧天然气的发动机成为双燃料发动机。这种双燃料发动机以天然气作为主要燃料，用少量柴油在压缩上止点附近引燃可燃混合气。为避免爆震的发生，可燃混合气浓度一般较低，引燃正时不能太早，这导致了动力性和经济性的不足。醇类双燃料发动机，也有类似的问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有双燃料发动机动力性、经济性和排放性的问题,本发明提供一种双燃料发动机的喷射方式。将被引燃燃料分别由进气道喷射和缸内直接喷射，并与引燃燃料喷射相结合，根据发动机工况大小，调整进气道喷射与缸内直接喷射燃料的比例及喷射相位，从而实现高效清洁燃烧。
本发明采用的技术方案是：一种双燃料发动机的燃料喷射方式，包括被引燃燃料的喷射和引燃燃料的喷射及二者之间的配合，根据发动机工况的大小，所述被引燃燃料全部由进气道喷射，或全部直接喷入缸内，或一部分通过进气道喷射，另一部分直接喷入缸内，或全部停止喷射；在怠速或10%以下的工况，所述被引燃燃料全部直接喷入缸内，或全部停止喷射；在10%——70%的工况，所述被引燃燃料全部由进气道喷入；在70%以上的工况，所述被引燃燃料分为两部分喷射，一部分在进气行程由进气道喷嘴喷射，与进气形成稀薄的混合气，还有一部分被引燃燃料在进气行程或压缩行程直接喷入缸内，在压缩上止点附近喷射所述引燃燃料引燃混合气，或在膨胀行程早期喷射一部分被引燃燃料，被预混合火焰引燃后快速燃烧；所述被引燃燃料选自天然气、甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷、氢气、液化石油气中的一种或一种以上的混合物，或所述被引燃燃料选自甲醇、乙醇中的一种或两种的混合物；所述引燃燃料选自柴油、二甲醚、生物柴油、煤油中的一种或一种以上的混合物。
所述一部分直接喷入缸内的被引燃燃料采用高压喷射，喷射在进气行程进行。
所述一部分直接喷入缸内的被引燃燃料采用高压喷射，喷射在压缩行程进行。
所述一部分直接喷入缸内的被引燃燃料采用高压喷射，与所述引燃燃料喷射同时进行。
所述一部分直接喷入缸内的被引燃燃料采用高压喷射，喷射在膨胀行程早期进行。
所述一部分直接喷入缸内的被引燃燃料采用高压喷射，喷射分多次进行。
本发明的有益效果是：在怠速或10%以下的工况，被引燃燃料全部直接喷入缸内、或停止喷射被引燃燃料，可以减少节流损失，并保证好的排放；在10%—70%的工况，被引燃燃料全部由进气道喷入，可以最大限度获得好的经济性和排放性；在70%以上的工况，将一部分被引燃燃料在进气行程由进气道喷射，与空气充分混合，另一部分被引燃燃料直接喷入缸内形成分层，可以获得最大的动力性和好的经济性及排放性。引燃燃料引燃混合气后生成NOx低，未燃混合气不易爆震，因此可以提高发动机压缩比和经济性；引燃后再喷入的少量被引燃燃料边喷射边燃烧，带入更多的湍流动能，加速缸内未燃混合气燃烧，减少未燃燃料的排放，使发动机工作在近似等压循环模式，实现高效清洁燃烧。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明进一步说明。
图1表示进气行程中的被引燃燃料进气道喷射和混合过程。
图2表示进气行程末期的被引燃燃料缸内喷射过程。
图3表示压缩行程中的被引燃燃料缸内喷射过程。
图4表示压缩行程末期的引燃燃料喷射和缸内燃烧。
图5表示压缩行程末期的被引燃燃料和引燃燃料同时喷射及缸内燃烧。
图6表示膨胀行程早期的被引燃燃料缸内喷射和燃烧。
图7表示10%以下工况停止喷射被引燃燃料并且节气门全开。
图8表示10%以下工况压缩上止点附近只采用引燃燃料喷射。
图中：1、进气道，2、进气道被引燃燃料喷嘴，3、进气道喷射被引燃燃料，4、进气门，5、进气道喷射被引燃燃料与进气的混合气，5a、缸内稀薄可燃混合气，6、喷油嘴，7、引燃油束，8、缸内被引燃燃料喷嘴，9a、进气行程缸内被引燃燃料喷束，9b、压缩行程缸内被引燃燃料喷束，9c、与引燃油束同时喷射的缸内被引燃燃料喷束，9d、膨胀行程缸内被引燃燃料喷束，10、节气门，11、进气。
具体实施方式
这种双燃料发动机的燃料喷射方式包括被引燃燃料的喷射和引燃燃料的喷射及二者之间的配合。在怠速或10%以下的工况：被引燃燃料在压缩行程末期全部直接喷入缸内，在喷油嘴附近形成分层的可燃混和气，靠近油嘴位置的燃空当量比较高；或停止喷射被引燃燃料，只喷射引燃燃料。在10%—70%的工况：被引燃燃料全部由进气道喷入。在70%以上的工况：被引燃燃料分为两部分喷射，第一部分在进气行程由进气道喷嘴喷射，与进气形成稀薄的混合气；第二部分被引燃燃料在进气行程或压缩行程直接喷入缸内，在压缩上止点附近喷射所述引燃燃料引燃混合气，第二部分被引燃燃料或在膨胀行程早期喷射，被火焰引燃后快速燃烧。被引燃燃料选自天然气、甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷、氢气、液化石油气中的一种或一种以上的混合物，或被引燃燃料选自甲醇、乙醇中的一种或两种的混合物。引燃燃料选自柴油、二甲醚、生物柴油、煤油中的一种或一种以上的混合物。在一款中速大功率双燃料发动机上，采用该燃料喷射方式，动力性提高10%，经济性提高3%，排放达到国际海事组织IMO的Tier标准。
如图1所示，进气行程中进气道1中的喷嘴2喷射被引燃燃料3，随空气进入汽缸，形成进气道喷射被引燃燃料与空气的混合气5。
如图2和图3所示，进气道喷射被引燃燃料与空气的混合气5在缸内气流运动和扩散的作用下，形成较均匀的缸内稀薄可燃混合气5a，缸内被引燃燃料喷嘴8可以在进气行程或压缩行程中喷射被引燃燃料，在靠近喷油嘴6的汽缸上部形成较浓的可燃混合气。
如图4所示，压缩行程末期，喷油嘴6喷射引燃油束7，将喷油嘴附近的可燃混合气引燃，形成的湍流燃烧火焰迅速在缸内传播。
如图5所示，缸内被引燃燃料的喷射也可以与引燃油束7的喷射同时进行，这种方法下的与引燃油束同时喷射的缸内被引燃燃料喷束9c被引燃后进一步放大引燃能量和湍流动能，加速缸内稀薄可燃混合气的燃烧。
如图6所示，缸内的可燃混合气被引燃后，可以在膨胀行程早期再进行缸内被引燃燃料的喷射。此时发动机活塞开始下行，可以实现近似等压燃烧，在不增加缸内燃烧峰值压力的条件下提高动力性。
如图7和图8所示，在怠速或10%以下的工况，可以停止进气道和缸内的被引燃燃料喷射，保持节气门全开，只采用引燃燃料在压缩上止点附近的喷射。

Claims (6)

1.一种双燃料发动机的燃料喷射方式，包括被引燃燃料的喷射和引燃燃料的喷射及二者之间的配合，其特征是：根据发动机工况的大小，所述被引燃燃料全部由进气道喷射，或全部直接喷入缸内，或一部分通过进气道喷射，另一部分直接喷入缸内；在怠速或10%以下的工况，所述被引燃燃料全部直接喷入缸内，或停止喷射所述被引燃燃料，而只喷射引燃燃料；在10%—70%的工况，所述被引燃燃料全部由进气道喷入；在70%以上的工况，所述被引燃燃料分为两部分喷射，一部分在进气行程由进气道喷嘴喷射，与进气形成稀薄的混合气，还有一部分被引燃燃料在进气行程或压缩行程直接喷入缸内，在压缩上止点附近喷射所述引燃燃料引燃混合气，或在膨胀行程早期喷射一部分被引燃燃料，被预混合火焰引燃后快速燃烧；所述被引燃燃料选自天然气、甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷、氢气、液化石油气中的一种或一种以上的混合物，或所述被引燃燃料选自甲醇、乙醇中的一种或两种的混合物；所述引燃燃料选自柴油、二甲醚、生物柴油、煤油中的一种或一种以上的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种双燃料发动机的燃料喷射方式，其特征是：所述一部分直接喷入缸内的被引燃燃料采用高压喷射，喷射在进气行程进行。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种双燃料发动机的燃料喷射方式，其特征是：所述一部分直接喷入缸内的被引燃燃料采用高压喷射，喷射在压缩行程进行。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种双燃料发动机的燃料喷射方式，其特征是：所述一部分直接喷入缸内的被引燃燃料采用高压喷射，与所述引燃燃料喷射同时进行。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种双燃料发动机的燃料喷射方式，其特征是：所述一部分直接喷入缸内的被引燃燃料采用高压喷射，喷射在膨胀行程早期进行。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种双燃料发动机的燃料喷射方式，其特征是：所述一部分直接喷入缸内的被引燃燃料采用高压喷射，喷射分多次进行。
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