CN113374491B

CN113374491B - Tunnel boring machine overexcavation device

Info

Publication number: CN113374491B
Application number: CN202110832380.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘飞香; 程永亮; 任勇; 彭正阳; 暨智勇; 阳旭; 李建芳; 肖京
Original assignee: China Railway Construction Heavy Industry Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: China Railway Construction Heavy Industry Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-07-22
Filing date: 2021-07-22
Publication date: 2023-04-07
Anticipated expiration: 2041-07-22
Also published as: CN113374491A

Abstract

The invention provides an overexcavation device of a tunnel boring machine, which comprises a cylinder body and a down-the-hole hammer, wherein the cylinder body is of a hollow structure, the rear end of the cylinder body is provided with an injection port, the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer is arranged in the cylinder body in a sliding manner, and a driving medium injected through the injection port drives the down-the-hole hammer to move in the cylinder body; and the injection port is also communicated with a channel at the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer, so that a driving medium enters the down-the-hole hammer to drive an impact head at the front end of the down-the-hole hammer to break rock. The overexcavation device drives the down-the-hole hammer to move in the cylinder body through the driving medium and drives the down-the-hole hammer to break rock, so that the impact head of the down-the-hole hammer is always attached to the rock wall in the rock breaking process until the preset overexcavation amount is finished. The super-excavation device realizes the adjustment of the movement stroke of the down-the-hole hammer by controlling the length of the small outer diameter end of the limiting ring piece extending into the cylinder body, realizes the adjustment of the super-excavation amount according to the construction requirement, and meets the requirements of different super-excavation amounts.

Description

Tunnel boring machine overexcavation device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tunneling machines, in particular to an over-excavation device of a tunnel tunneling machine.

Background

With the development of science and technology, tunnel boring machines are more and more emphasized by various industries and are also applied to more extensive industries. The cutter head is a main tool for excavating rock and soil of the tunnel boring machine, and the over-excavation function of the cutter head is mainly used for working conditions of surrounding rock convergence, small-radius turning, cutter replacement and the like.

In the hard rock stratum tunneling process, the cutter head expanding excavation technology mainly comprises modes of overexcavation hobbing cutters, cushion block overexcavation, swing overexcavation, manual drilling explosion and the like. However, for the existing technologies, the problems of over-excavation radius being too small, poor over-excavation stability, complex installation, high price, poor effect and the like exist, so that the existing over-excavation technology cannot be well applied to hard rock stratums.

In view of the above, there is a need for an over-excavation device for a tunnel boring machine to solve the problems of the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an overexcavation device of a tunnel boring machine, which aims to solve the problems that the existing overexcavation mode has the defects of over-excavation radius undersize, poor overexcavation stability, complex installation, high price, poor effect and the like, so that the existing overexcavation technology cannot be well applied to a hard rock stratum, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:

the over-excavation device of the tunnel boring machine comprises a cylinder body and a down-the-hole hammer, wherein the cylinder body is of a hollow structure, the rear end of the cylinder body is provided with an injection port, the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer is arranged in the cylinder body in a sliding mode, and a driving medium injected through the injection port drives the down-the-hole hammer to move in the cylinder body; and the injection port is also communicated with a channel at the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer, so that a driving medium enters the down-the-hole hammer to drive an impact head at the front end of the down-the-hole hammer to break rock.

Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the front end of the cylinder body is provided with a limit ring for limiting the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer; and a sealing ring is arranged at the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer and used for sealing between the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer and the inner wall of the cylinder body.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, the stop ring includes a large outer diameter end and a small outer diameter end, and the small outer diameter end extends into the cylinder body to limit the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer; the length of the small outer diameter end extending into the cylinder body is controlled to control the movement stroke of the down-the-hole hammer in the cylinder body.

Preferably among the above technical scheme, the device of digging excessively still includes the fixing base, cylinder body and down-the-hole hammer all set up in the fixing base.

Preferred among the above technical scheme, the device of digging excessively still includes the guide rail, the guide rail sets up on the blade disc body, the fixing base sets up on the guide rail, the front end of down-the-hole hammer slides and sets up in the guide rail, leads through the motion of guide rail to the down-the-hole hammer.

Preferably, a sealing element is arranged on the guide rail and used for sliding sealing between the down-the-hole hammer and the guide rail.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, the overexcavation device further comprises a reaction support, the reaction support is arranged on the cutterhead disc body, and the cylinder body is connected with the reaction support; the cylinder body is connected with the counter-force support and the fixed seat is connected with the guide rail through bolts.

Preferably, the cylinder body is provided with a limiting clamping plate, the counter-force support is provided with a clamping groove, the limiting clamping plate is embedded into the clamping groove, and the counter-force support provides supporting force for the cylinder body.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, the driving medium is a liquid or a gas.

Preferably, in the above technical scheme, an included angle exists between the movement direction of the down-the-hole hammer and the tunneling direction of the tunneling machine; the included angle range is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 90 degrees.

The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the super-excavation device comprises a cylinder body and a down-the-hole hammer, wherein the down-the-hole hammer is driven to move in the cylinder body through a driving medium and is driven to break rock, and the impact head of the down-the-hole hammer is always attached to the rock wall in the rock breaking process until the preset super-excavation amount is finished. Compared with the rock breaking by hob extrusion, the rock breaking efficiency of the over-excavation device is higher, the occupied volume is smaller, the over-excavation stroke can be set to be longer, the length of the small outer diameter end extending into the cylinder body is controlled to realize the adjustment of the movement stroke of the down-the-hole hammer, namely the over-excavation amount is adjusted, the over-excavation amount can be adjusted according to the construction requirement, and the requirements of different over-excavation amounts are met; in addition, the overexcavation device has the advantages of lower cost, fewer parts, simpler structure and smaller structural volume, so that the cutter head has more space for installing other parts.

The front end of the down-the-hole hammer is arranged in the guide rail in a sliding mode, the motion precision of the down-the-hole hammer is controlled through the guide rail, the down-the-hole hammer is prevented from swinging in a cylinder body when rock is broken through impact due to the fact that a driving medium is flexible, namely the action direction of an impact head of the down-the-hole hammer is restrained through the guide rail, and the down-the-hole hammer is broken through impact in a fixed direction.

In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the overetch apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the over cutting condition of the over cutting apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a view showing the structural relationship between the cylinder and the down-the-hole hammer of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a spacing clip being inserted into a reaction bracket;

the device comprises a cutter head disc body 1, a cutter head disc body 2, a cylinder body 2.1, a limiting ring piece 2.2, an injection port 2.3, a limiting clamping plate 3, a down-the-hole hammer 3.1, an impact head 4, a guide rail 5, a sealing element 6, a fixed seat 7, a bolt 8, a counter-force support 8.1 and a clamping groove.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.

Example (b):

referring to fig. 1-4, the tunneling machine super-excavation device comprises a cylinder body 2 and a down-the-hole hammer 3, wherein the cylinder body 2 is of a hollow structure, the rear end of the cylinder body 2 is provided with an injection port 2.2, the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer 3 is slidably arranged in the cylinder body 2, and a driving medium injected through the injection port 2.2 drives the down-the-hole hammer 3 to move in the cylinder body 2; the injection port 2.2 is also communicated with a channel at the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer 3, so that a driving medium enters the down-the-hole hammer 3 to drive a piston inside the down-the-hole hammer 3 to jump and impact an impact head 3.1 at the front end to break rock; in the process of breaking rock, the impact head 3.1 at the front end of the down-the-hole hammer 3 is always attached to the rock wall.

Referring to fig. 3, a limit ring member 2.1 is arranged at the front end of the cylinder body 2, and the limit ring member 2.1 is used for limiting the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer 3; the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer 3 is provided with a sealing ring piece which is used for sealing between the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer 3 and the inner wall of the cylinder body 2.

The limiting ring piece 2.1 comprises a large outer diameter end and a small outer diameter end, and the small outer diameter end extends into the cylinder body 2 to limit the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer 3; the length of the small outer diameter end extending into the cylinder body 2 is controlled to control the motion stroke of the down-the-hole hammer 3 in the cylinder body 2.

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the large and small outside diameter ends have the same inside diameter and the down-the-hole hammer is disposed through the inside bore of the stop ring; the outer diameter of the small outer diameter end is matched with the inner diameter of the cylinder body, and the small outer diameter end of the limiting ring piece 2.1 extends into the cylinder body to limit the down-the-hole hammer; in practical engineering application, the length of little external diameter end can design according to the demand, can realize different super digging volume through changing the different stop ring spare 2.1 of little external diameter end length, also can adjust super digging volume through adjusting the length that little external diameter end screwed in the cylinder body certainly.

Preferably, the overexcavation device further comprises a fixing seat 6, wherein the cylinder body 2 and the down-the-hole hammer 3 are both arranged in the fixing seat 6, that is, the cylinder body 2 and the down-the-hole hammer 3 are arranged in the fixing seat 6.

The device of digging excessively still includes guide rail 4, guide rail 4 sets up on blade disc disk body 1 (preferably welding), fixing base 6 sets up on guide rail 4, the front end of down-the-hole hammer 3 slides and sets up in guide rail 4, leads to the motion of down-the-hole hammer 3 through guide rail 4, controls the motion precision of down-the-hole hammer 3 through guide rail 4 promptly, prevents because driving medium has the flexibility, and down-the-hole hammer 3 swings in the cylinder body when leading to strikeing broken rock, utilizes guide rail 4 to realize the impact head 3.1 of restraint down-the-hole hammer 3 to act on the direction promptly.

A sealing piece 5 is arranged on the guide rail 4, and the sealing piece 5 is used for performing sliding sealing between the down-the-hole hammer 3 and the guide rail 4; the sealing member is used for completely cutting off excavation storehouse dregs, prevents to get into inside the device of digging excessively, leads to the device to become invalid, improves and digs stability excessively.

The overexcavation device further comprises a counter-force support 8, wherein the counter-force support 8 is arranged on the cutter head disc body 1, and the cylinder body 2 is connected with the counter-force support 8.

Preferably, the cylinder body 2 and the counter-force support 8 and the fixed seat 6 and the guide rail 4 are connected through bolts 7, so that the super-excavation device can be conveniently replaced.

Furthermore, a limiting clamping plate 2.3 is arranged on the cylinder body 2, a clamping groove 8.1 is arranged on the counter-force support 8, the limiting clamping plate 2.3 is embedded into the clamping groove 8.1, and supporting force is provided for the cylinder body 2 through the counter-force support 8, as shown in fig. 4.

Namely, on one hand, the cylinder body 2 is installed on the counter-force support 8 through the bolt 7, and on the other hand, the cylinder body is embedded into the clamping groove 8.1 of the counter-force support 8 through the limiting clamping plate 2.3, as shown in fig. 4, the cylinder body 2 is rotated in the installation process to embed the limiting clamping plate 2.3 into the clamping groove 8.1; in 3 rock drilling processes of down-the-hole hammer need counter-force support 8 give its reaction force, and bolt 7 is not hard up easily under strong vibration simultaneously, through in the draw-in groove 8.1 of spacing cardboard 2.3 embedding counter-force support 8, in case the bolt is not hard up, the cylinder body can move back, spacing cardboard can be tight with the draw-in groove top immediately, prevents that it from continuing to move back, can also provide a counter-force for it simultaneously, avoids whole to lead to the bolt to be broken by the bolt atress. In addition, the reaction force support 8 can also transmit the reaction force in the process of breaking the down-the-hole hammer to the cutter head disk body, and the reaction force support and the cutter head disk body are preferably welded and connected.

Preferably, the driving medium is liquid or gas, that is, hydraulic oil, high-pressure water or high-pressure gas, in this embodiment, high-pressure gas is preferably used for driving, and the down-the-hole hammer is also a pneumatic down-the-hole hammer.

The down-the-hole hammer in the cylinder body can extend out to tightly prop against the rock surface under the action of high-pressure gas, the pressure is accumulated to a certain degree (when the pressure props open a valve core of the down-the-hole hammer), the high-pressure gas can drive a piston in the down-the-hole hammer to jump to impact and break rocks, and the maximum excess excavation is finished when the maximum excess excavation amount is reached; the surplus high-pressure gas is sprayed out from the front of the hammer head through the central channel of the down-the-hole hammer.

Preferably, an included angle exists between the moving direction of the down-the-hole hammer 3 and the tunneling direction of the tunneling machine. The included angle range is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 90 degrees. Namely, the overexcavation direction and the tunneling direction of the down-the-hole hammer can be parallel or vertical or have a certain included angle. When the tunnel faces are parallel, the tunnel faces are excavated in advance.

The down-the-hole hammer 3 is an existing product, the working principle of which is mature prior art and is not described here, and the purpose of this embodiment is to integrate the cylinder body and the down-the-hole hammer to drive the down-the-hole hammer to move and break rock, that is, to drive the impact head to always cling to the rock wall in the rock breaking process, and to drive the down-the-hole hammer to break rock under the action of the driving medium.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the movement stroke of the down-the-hole hammer 3 in the cylinder 2 is L, and the over-excavation amount which can be realized by the over-excavation device is X, wherein X is less than or equal to L; the excess excavation amount can be adjusted according to the requirement of construction, namely the stroke of the part of the impact head capable of moving out of the cutter head body is adjusted, and particularly the length of the small outer diameter end extending into the cylinder body is adjusted.

In the tunneling process of the cutter head, the overexcavation device is hidden in the cutter head body. When the underground hole hammer needs to be over excavated, the driving medium in the cylinder body can drive the underground hole hammer to move (namely stretch out), so that the impact head is tightly attached to the rock wall, the pressure is accumulated to a certain degree, and the piston in the underground hole hammer can be driven to jump to impact the impact head to break the rock; in the process of rock breaking propulsion, the driving medium in the cylinder body drives the down-the-hole hammer to extend out to enable the impact head to be always attached to the rock wall until the preset overbreak amount is reached.

The device of digging excessively of this embodiment can directly replace the current device of digging excessively of entry driving machine, for example current hobbing cutter formula is dug excessively, realizes the replacement and the improvement to current device of digging excessively.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The over-excavation device of the tunnel boring machine is characterized by comprising a cylinder body (2) and a down-the-hole hammer (3), wherein the cylinder body (2) is of a hollow structure, an injection port (2.2) is formed in the rear end of the cylinder body (2), the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer (3) is arranged in the cylinder body (2) in a sliding mode, and a driving medium injected through the injection port (2.2) drives the down-the-hole hammer (3) to move in the cylinder body (2); the injection port (2.2) is also communicated with a channel at the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer (3) to realize that a driving medium enters the down-the-hole hammer (3) to drive an impact head (3.1) at the front end of the down-the-hole hammer (3) to break rock.

2. The overexcavation device of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, wherein a stop ring (2.1) is arranged at the front end of the cylinder body (2), and the stop ring (2.1) is used for limiting the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer (3); the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer (3) is provided with a sealing ring piece, and the sealing ring piece is used for sealing between the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer (3) and the inner wall of the cylinder body (2).

3. The overexcavation device of a tunnel boring machine according to claim 2, wherein the stop ring (2.1) comprises a large outer diameter end and a small outer diameter end, the small outer diameter end extending into the interior of the cylinder (2) to stop the rear end of the down-the-hole hammer (3); the length of the small outer diameter end extending into the cylinder body (2) is controlled to control the movement stroke of the down-the-hole hammer (3) in the cylinder body (2).

4. A tunneling machine over-excavation device according to claim 3, characterized in that the over-excavation device further comprises a fixed seat (6), and the cylinder body (2) and the down-the-hole hammer (3) are both disposed in the fixed seat (6).

5. The tunneling machine overexcavation device of claim 4, wherein the overexcavation device further comprises a guide rail (4), the guide rail (4) is disposed on the cutter head disk body (1), the fixing seat (6) is disposed on the guide rail (4), the front end of the down-the-hole hammer (3) is slidably disposed in the guide rail (4), and the movement of the down-the-hole hammer (3) is guided by the guide rail (4).

6. A tunneling machine overexcavation apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a seal (5) is provided on the guide rail (4), said seal (5) being used to slidably seal between the down-the-hole hammer (3) and the guide rail (4).

7. The tunneling machine overexcavation device of claim 6, further comprising a reaction support (8), wherein the reaction support (8) is disposed on the cutterhead disc body (1), and the cylinder body (2) is connected to the reaction support (8).

8. The overexcavation device of a tunnel boring machine according to claim 7, wherein the cylinder body (2) and the reaction bracket (8) and the fixed seat (6) and the guide rail (4) are connected by bolts (7).

9. The overexcavation device of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 8, wherein the cylinder body (2) is provided with a limit clamp plate (2.3), the counter-force bracket (8) is provided with a clamp groove (8.1), the limit clamp plate (2.3) is embedded into the clamp groove (8.1), and the cylinder body (2) is supported by the counter-force bracket (8).

10. A tunnel boring machine overexcavation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the drive medium is a liquid or a gas.

11. A tunneling machine overexcavation apparatus according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein there is an angle between the direction of movement of the down-the-hole hammer (3) and the heading direction of the tunneling machine; the included angle range is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 90 degrees.