CN113374100A - 一种主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板及其制备方法,属于隔音墙板技术领域,该墙板包括墙板主体和主动降噪结构,主动降噪结构包括电池、收音装置、声学处理器和发声装置,电池位于墙板主体的外侧,收音装置、声学处理器和发声装置位于墙板主体的内侧,电池、收音装置、声学处理器和发声装置之间电性连接。本发明采用主动降噪的方式‑“有源消声”技术,克服了传统隔音墙板被动降噪的缺陷;当环境噪声过大且持续时间长时,本发明的降噪效果要明显优于传统隔音板的被动降噪;同时采用太阳能蓄电池持续给墙板主体的主动降噪结构提供电能,绿色节能,且制备工艺简单、价格低廉,具有实际的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及隔音墙板技术领域,具体涉及到一种主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板及其制备方法。
背景技术
传统的隔音墙板是一种高性能的约束阻尼结构板,它是由高性能的粘弹阻尼隔音涂层和约束阻尼层复合而成的。隔音墙板的工作原理为阻断声音传播,被称之为被动降噪,被动降噪采用的是简单的物理方法,利用材料的各种特性,对噪声源采取隔离、减震、阻尼、反射等方式来减弱噪声。但由于噪声没有经过降噪电路芯片处理,一般只能阻隔高频噪声,对低频噪声作用甚微。
目前,隔音墙板存在诸多的不足之处,例如,安装拆卸不方便,隔音消音效果差,不具备主动降噪功能等。
发明内容
针对上述的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板及其制备方法,可有效解决现有隔音墙板存在的安装拆卸不方便、隔音消音效果差和不具备主动降噪功能的问题。
为达上述目的,本发明采取如下的技术方案:
本发明提供一种主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板,包括墙板主体和主动降噪结构,主动降噪结构包括电池、收音装置、声学处理器和发声装置,电池位于墙板主体的外侧,收音装置、声学处理器和发声装置位于墙板主体的内侧,电池、收音装置、声学处理器和发声装置之间电性连接。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明提供的主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板克服了传统隔音墙板被动降噪的缺陷,采用主动降噪的方式-“有源消声”技术,在墙板主体上有一个内置收音装置、声学处理器和发声装置,先通过收音装置收集外界的噪声,然后再通过声学处理器分析并对发声装置发出相反的声波指令,使得发声装置产生与外界噪声反相的声波,从而抵消噪声,起到主动降噪的效果。与传统隔音板的被动降噪相比,当环境噪声过大且持续时间长时,本发明提供的主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板的降噪效果要明显优于传统隔音板的被动降噪。
进一步地,电池为太阳能蓄电池,太阳能蓄电池外表面设置有装饰层。
采取上述进一步方案的有益效果是:本发明通过太阳能蓄电池将太阳能转化为电能,能持续给墙板的主动降噪结构提供电能,同时可以将多余的电能储存起来,用于晚上持续给墙板的主动降噪结构提供电能,绿色节能,且无需频繁更换电池,使用更加方便;太阳能蓄电池外表面设置有装饰层,可为电池提供保护作用以及提高墙板外观整体的观赏性。
进一步地,装饰层为透光有机玻璃。
采取上述进一步方案的有益效果是:装饰层为透光有机玻璃不仅避免了太阳能蓄电池因直接暴露于环境中可能遭受雨水侵蚀等问题,还可有效提高太阳能蓄电池为主动降噪结构提供电能的续航能力。
进一步地,收音装置由若干个麦克风串联组成,声学处理器是由降噪电路组成,发声装置由若干个扬声器串联组成。
采取上述进一步方案的有益效果是:本发明通过麦克风相互串联形成收音装置,用以接收声音并传送给声学处理器,声学处理器扬声器分析声波的频率和能量等参数;并对由扬声器相互串联形成发声装置发出相反的声波指令,抵消外侧噪声;其中麦克风和扬声器的数量可根据如墙板尺寸大小等实际情况进行设置,使其分布于墙板表面各个位置,提高主动降噪的效果。
进一步地,麦克风的尺寸为100~300×100~300×100~300mm,优选为200×200×100mm。
进一步地,扬声器的尺寸大小为10~30×20~40×3~6mm,优选为20×30×4mm。
进一步地,声学处理器的尺寸大小为15~30×20~30×1~3mm,优选为24×23×2.7mm。
进一步地,墙板主体的长宽高的尺寸比为50:10~30:1~4,优选为50:25:3。
进一步地,墙板主体通过纤维增强水泥基复合材料挤压成型制得,墙板主体的空心率为50~70%,墙板主体的抗压强度10~20MPa。
进一步地,纤维增强水泥基复合材料包括以下质量份的组分:水泥460-650份、矿物掺合料450-650份、调凝剂30-60份、超细微粉50-90份、纤维20-30份、保水增稠材料0-0.3份、减水剂4-12份、消泡剂1-3份、水280-350份、细集料400-700份;其中,纤维为短切型玄武岩纤维与钢纤维按照质量比为1-2:3-5组成的复合纤维。
进一步地,水泥为硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥、矿渣硅酸盐水泥、火山灰质硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥或复合硅酸盐水泥。
进一步地,超细微粉为硅灰、钛白粉和玻璃粉中的至少一种;其中,超细微粉的粒径为0.01-4.0μm。
进一步地,多孔材料为稻壳灰、玻璃空心微珠、铝泡沫多孔材料、漂珠和煤气化渣中的至少一种;其中,多孔材料的密度为0.7-2.3g/cm3,比表面积为500-1400m2/kg。
进一步地,减水剂为聚羧酸系减水剂或萘系减水剂。
进一步地,消泡剂为有机硅类消泡剂、聚醚类消泡剂、脂肪酸类消泡剂和磷酸酯类消泡剂中的至少一种。
进一步地,细集料为石英粉、铁尾矿砂和煤矸石粉中的至少一种。
进一步地,细集料为由质量比为200~300:220~400的石英粉和铁尾矿组成;其中,石英粉的粒径不超过200目。
进一步地,保水增稠材料为砂浆塑化剂、胶粉、纤维素醚或砂浆稠化粉。
进一步地,调凝剂为激发剂、特种水泥和缓凝剂按照1~3:1~3:1~3复配而成;其中,激发剂为氢氧化钙、氧化钙、硅酸钠、偏硅酸钠、偏硅酸钾、硅酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾或硫酸盐;特种水泥为硫铝酸盐水泥、铝酸盐水泥或高铝水泥;缓凝剂为磷酸盐类缓凝剂、硼砂、蛋白质类缓凝剂、羟基羧酸盐类缓凝剂或糖类缓凝剂。
本发明还提供上述主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤(1):将纤维增强水泥基复合材料通过挤压成型工艺制得墙板主体;
步骤(2):将电池固定于步骤(1)所得的墙板主体外侧,通过反打工艺将收音装置、声学处理器和发声装置固定于步骤(1)所得的墙板主体内侧,即可。
本发明中上述的挤压成型工艺和反打工艺并未特殊限定,可按照本领域的常规工艺流程进行。
进一步地,步骤(2)中电池的固定方式为粘贴,易于安装和拆卸。
综上所述,本发明具有以下优点:
1、本发明提供了提供一种主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板,克服了传统隔音墙板被动降噪的缺陷,采用主动降噪的方式-“有源消声”技术,在墙板主体上有一个内置收音装置、声学处理器和发声装置,先通过收音装置收集外界的噪声,然后再通过声学处理器分析并对发声装置发出相反的声波指令,使得发声装置产生与外界噪声反相的声波,从而抵消噪声,起到主动降噪的效果。与传统隔音板的被动降噪相比,当环境噪声过大且持续时间长时,本发明提供的主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板的降噪效果要明显优于传统隔音板的被动降噪;且采用太阳能蓄电池持续给墙板主体的主动降噪结构提供电能,制备工艺简单、施工便捷、价格低廉,具有广泛的实际应用价值。
2、本发明中主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板的制备方法操作简单、墙板主体的成型工艺简单,且同时具有大的空心率结构,在满足墙板的力学性能的前提下,有效减少了墙板的自重。
附图说明
图1为本发明主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板的结构示意图;
图2为本发明中收音装置、声学处理器和发声装置的分布示意图;
图3为本发明中主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板的工作原理示意图;
其中,1、太阳能蓄电池;2、主动降噪结构;3、声学处理器;4、墙板主体;5、装饰层;6、内部麦克风和扬声器;7、外部噪音;8、处理后声波;9、声学处理器降噪电路;10、连接蓄电池的电路。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明,即所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
因此,以下对提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围,而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本例提供一种主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板,如图1-2所示,包括墙板主体4和主动降噪结构2,主动降噪结构2包括电池、收音装置、声学处理器3和发声装置,墙板主体4通过纤维增强水泥基复合材料挤压成型制得,墙板主体的空心率为50~70%,墙板主体4的抗压强度10~20MPa,电池位于墙板主体4的外侧,电池具体为太阳能蓄电池1,太阳能蓄电池1外侧设置有装饰层,装饰层为透光有机玻璃,收音装置、声学处理器和发声装置位于墙板主体的内侧,电池、收音装置、声学处理器和发声装置之间电性连接,收音装置由50个尺寸为200×200×100mm麦克风(具体为图2中黑色模块)串联组成;声学处理器是由降噪电路组成,发声装置由50个尺寸为20×30×4mm扬声器(具体为图2中白色模块)串联组成;声学处理器基于DSP算法,有效工作于30-120dB(A)的噪声环境,其尺寸为24×23×2.7mm,墙板主体的长宽高的尺寸比为50:25:3;
其中,维增强水泥基复合材料包括以下质量份的组分:硅酸盐水泥500份、粉煤灰500份、调凝剂(具体为氢氧化钙、铝酸盐水泥和硼砂按照1:2:1复配而成)50份、钛白粉70份、纤维25份、保水增稠材料0.2份、聚羧酸系减水剂8份、有机硅类消泡剂(产品型号为AFE-76-10)2份、水300份、细集料(具体由质量比为200:300的石英粉和铁尾矿组成;其中,石英粉的粒径不超过200目)600份;其中,纤维为短切型玄武岩纤维与钢纤维按照质量比为1:3组成的复合纤维。
上述的主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板的的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤(1):将纤维增强水泥基复合材料通过挤压成型工艺制得墙板主体;
步骤(2):将电池固定于步骤(1)所得的墙板主体外侧,通过反打工艺将收音装置、声学处理器和发声装置固定于步骤(1)所得的墙板主体内侧,即可。
本例中主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板的工作原理如图3所示,具体为:主动降噪结构包括太阳能蓄电池、内部麦克风和扬声器和声学处理器,内部麦克风分布于墙板表面各个位置,用于噪声的收集;声学处理器连接于各个噪声收集装置,对噪音进行声波的频率和能量的分析;扬声器连接声学处理器,用于发出相反声波抵消噪音,从而实现主动降噪功能。
实施例2
本例提供一种主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板,与实施例1的区别仅在于:麦克风的尺寸为200×300×100mm,扬声器的尺寸大小为15×20×4mm,其余步骤及参数均相同。
实施例3
本例提供一种主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板,与实施例1的区别仅在于:麦克风的尺寸为100×300×100mm,扬声器的尺寸大小为15×25×4mm,其余步骤及参数均相同。
对比例1
本例提供一种隔音墙板,具体为专利申请号201810398943.2的实施例制得。
实验例
本例对实施例1-3、对比例1和市售隔音墙板(具体为G18复合阻尼隔声板)在相同条件下进行隔音性能检测,测试符合根据中国国家隔声测试标准GBJ121-88,在外界噪音为100-5000Hz测试条件下,单板空气隔声量的平均值如表1所示。
表1隔音性能检测结果
组别 | 单板平均隔声量(dB) |
实施例1 | 45 |
实施例2 | 44 |
实施例3 | 43 |
对比例1 | 37 |
市售隔音墙板 | 35.8 |
由表1可知,本发明的主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板的单板平均隔声量可达45dB,降噪效果要明显优于传统隔音板的被动降噪。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明结构所作的举例和说明,所属本领域的技术人员不经创造性劳动即对所描述的具体实施例做的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代仍属本专利的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板,其特征在于,包括墙板主体和主动降噪结构,所述主动降噪结构包括电池、收音装置、声学处理器和发声装置,所述电池位于所述墙板主体外侧,所述收音装置、所述声学处理器和所述发声装置位于所述墙板主体内侧,所述电池、所述收音装置、所述声学处理器和所述发声装置之间电性连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板,其特征在于,所述电池为太阳能蓄电池,所述太阳能蓄电池外表面设置有装饰层。
3.如权利要求2所述的主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板,其特征在于,所述装饰层为透光有机玻璃。
4.如权利要求1所述的主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板,其特征在于,所述收音装置由若干个麦克风串联组成,所述麦克风的尺寸为100~300×100~300×100~300mm。
5.如权利要求1所述的主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板,其特征在于,所述声学处理器是由降噪电路组成,所述声学处理器的尺寸大小为15~30×20~30×1~3mm。
6.如权利要求1所述的主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板,其特征在于,所述发声装置由若干个扬声器串联组成,所述扬声器的尺寸大小为10~30×20~40×3~6mm。
7.如权利要求1所述的主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板,其特征在于,所述墙板主体的长宽高的尺寸比为50:10~30:1~4。
8.如权利要求1或7所述的主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板,其特征在于,所述墙板主体通过纤维增强水泥基复合材料挤压成型制得,墙板主体的空心率为50~70%,墙板主体的抗压强度10~20MPa。
9.权利要求1-8任一项所述的主动降噪隔音大空心率墙板的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤(1):将纤维增强水泥基复合材料通过挤压成型工艺制得墙板主体;
步骤(2):将电池固定于步骤(1)所得的墙板主体外侧,通过反打工艺将收音装置、声学处理器和发声装置固定于步骤(1)所得的墙板主体内侧,即可。
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