CN113367335A - 一种提高虾青素水溶性且保护其免受Fe2+氧化降解的方法 - Google Patents
一种提高虾青素水溶性且保护其免受Fe2+氧化降解的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113367335A CN113367335A CN202110707277.8A CN202110707277A CN113367335A CN 113367335 A CN113367335 A CN 113367335A CN 202110707277 A CN202110707277 A CN 202110707277A CN 113367335 A CN113367335 A CN 113367335A
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- astaxanthin
- ferritin
- shrimp
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- oxidative degradation
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种提高虾青素水溶性且保护其免受Fe2+氧化降解的方法，包括如下步骤：a)制备虾青素溶液，将其溶于二甲基亚砜/乙醇/丙酮中；b)分离纯化虾铁蛋白，制备浓度为0.5～20μmol/L的虾铁蛋白溶液；c)将所述虾铁蛋白溶液缓慢搅拌，之后将所述虾青素溶液缓慢滴加到虾铁蛋白溶液中；d)缓慢搅拌反应，获得虾青素‑虾铁蛋白复合物溶液。将所得溶液过0.45μm滤膜，得到虾青素‑虾铁蛋白复合物溶液。采用本发明方法制备的虾青素‑虾铁蛋白复合物呈现透亮的橘红色，具有很好的水溶性和稳定性，可以保护虾青素免受Fe2+的氧化降解，利于其加工和贮藏，扩宽虾青素使用条件和范围。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种提高虾青素水溶性且保护其免受Fe2+氧化降解的方法，该方法不仅可以提高虾青素水溶性，还可保护虾青素免受Fe2+氧化降解，属于功能活性小分子的保护技术。
背景技术
虾青素(3,3′-二羟基-4,4′-二酮基-β,β′-胡萝卜素)，分子式为C40H52O4，相对分子量为596.86，是1种酮式萜烯类不饱和结构的天然类胡萝卜素，广泛存在于海洋动植物中，如藻类、鲑鱼、鳟鱼、虾和螃蟹等。虾青素分子结构中有2个β-紫罗酮环和11个共轭双键，具有极强的抗氧化性和良好的生理活性，能够有效淬灭单线态氧、清除氧自由基、防紫外线辐射等，同时，在保护机体免受糖尿病、癌症、高血压、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病以及某些免疫系统疾病等多种疾病的侵袭方面具有非凡的潜力，另外目前虾青素已经被用作鱼类、虾蟹等甲壳类动物以及家禽的饲料添加剂，提高畜禽、鱼类的繁殖能力和成活率，优化体色肉质；用作食品添加剂改善食品的着色、保鲜及增强营养，因而在食品、保健品、药品、化妆品、水产养殖等领域中具有巨大的潜在应用价值和广阔开发前景。虽然缺乏维生素A原活性，但虾青素的抗氧化能力是玉米黄质、叶黄素、角黄素、β-胡萝卜素的10倍，是α-生育酚的100倍。然而，虾青素稳定性极差，在食品储存和加工过程中易受Fe2+诱导的化学降解，因为铁是人体的一种微量矿物元素，尤其是亚铁，通过反应式1-3，可以在需氧条件下诱导溶液中的活性氧化物种。所有这些活性氧(ROS)包括O2 ·-，H2O2和HO·是有毒性的，可损害虾青素等功能营养因子。因此，开发一种简单而有效的方法来保护虾青素免受铁诱导的氧化损伤至关重要。
O2 ·-+H++H2O→H2O2 (2)
H2O2+Fe2+→Fe3++HO·+HO- (3)
铁蛋白是一种重要的铁储藏蛋白，广泛分布于人类和许多生物中。每个铁蛋白由24个亚基组成，这些亚基自组装形成一个外径为12nm、内腔直径为8nm的中空蛋白笼结构。在脊椎动物中，铁蛋白由两种亚基H和L组成。这两种亚基在铁蛋白的比率取决于组织的性质和功能而有所不同。在功能上，H亚基含有双核“亚铁氧化中心”，当添加到脱铁蛋白的铁离子浓度低时(亚铁离子与蛋白质的比例≤48/1)，铁蛋白的亚铁氧化中心催化Fe2+被O2快速氧化为Fe3+(反应式4)，然后水解Fe3+并迁移出亚铁氧化中心，形成Fe3+矿物核，超过该比例，在亚铁氧化中心产生的H2O2会迅速与过量的Fe2+发生去毒反应(反应式5)。因此，铁蛋白具有解毒活性，可通过方程式4和5减弱亚铁离子诱导的ROS的产生，防止铁诱导的细胞氧化损伤。另外来源于海洋生物的虾铁蛋白具有很好的稳定性，在90℃加热10分钟而不发生变性。通过其与反式虾青素在溶液中的非共价相互作用，可以将反式虾青素结合在虾铁蛋白外表面，以此提高虾青素的水溶性并保护虾青素免受Fe2+氧化降解。
2Fe2++O2+4H2O→2Fe(O)OH(core)+H2O2+4H+ (4)
2Fe2++H2O2+2H2O→2Fe(O)OH(core)+4H+ (5)
目前，利用铁蛋白来提高虾青素的水溶性，保护虾青素免受Fe2+氧化降解的技术在国内外还尚无报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种提高虾青素水溶性、保护其免受Fe2+化学降解的一种方法。以水溶性和稳定性较好的虾铁蛋白为模板，可以显著提高其水溶性和稳定性，利用虾铁蛋白“亚铁氧化中心”催化Fe2+被O2快速氧化为Fe3+的性能，保护虾青素在储存和加工过程中免受Fe2+诱发的氧化降解，可以将其用于食品、保健品、药品、化妆品、水产养殖等领域中。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
一种提高虾青素水溶性且保护其免受Fe2+氧化降解的方法，所述制备方法包括如下步骤：
a)制备浓度为0.25～3.0mmol/L的虾青素溶液，即称取0.0036g虾青素将其溶于2.0mL～24.0mL二甲基亚砜/乙醇/丙酮中；
b)分离纯化虾铁蛋白，制备浓度为0.5～20μmol/L的虾铁蛋白溶液。
c)将步骤b制备的虾铁蛋白溶液缓慢搅拌，之后将步骤a制备的虾青素溶液缓慢滴加到虾铁蛋白溶液中，虾铁蛋白与虾青素的摩尔比为1:10～1:200；
d)缓慢搅拌反应，反应时间为0.5～2h，反应温度为15℃～35℃，获得虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物溶液；
根据上述的制备方法制备的虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物，虾铁蛋白和虾青素最终的结合比例为1：10～1：48。
所述虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物在450nm和280nm处具有紫外可见光谱特征吸收峰，溶液颜色为橘红色。
虾铁蛋白浓度为1.0μmol/L时，虾青素的水溶性可达到48μmol/L。
在加入的Fe2+与虾铁蛋白的摩尔比例为10:1～200:1时，所述虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物在450nm的紫外可见光谱分析中，可以很大程度上提高虾青素的保留率，保护虾青素免受Fe2+的氧化降解。
与游离虾青素相比，一定量虾铁蛋白的存在可以将虾青素的保留率从56％升高至95％。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
虾青素具有很好的抗氧化效果，但其水溶性和稳定性极差，易受光、热、氧和溶剂等环境因素的影响，且在人体消化系统的吸收较差。为了提高虾青素的物理稳定性和生物利用度，目前已经采用了许多策略，如高压均质、微通道乳化等，但这些方法大都需要严苛的环境条件且较为繁琐，配方和成分受到食品级应用要求的限制，而且没有针对保护虾青素免受铁诱导的氧化损伤的简易方法。近年来，铁蛋白由于其独特的结构和纳米尺寸，在营养物质或药物的封装、传递和持续释放方面获得了极大的兴趣。目前，种类繁多的生物活性小分子，特别是水溶性差的分子如β-胡萝卜素、姜黄素、芦丁和光敏剂已被封装在铁蛋白的笼内，以提高其水溶性或稳定性。然而，人们很少关注H型铁蛋白(例如人H链铁蛋白)是一种酶，它能以可溶的、无毒的、生物可利用的形式存储大量的铁原子，可以抑制活性氧的产生，防止铁诱导的细胞氧化损伤。
本发明所采用的方法技术简单易操作。主要成份为虾铁蛋白，即是一种天然水产品蛋白，当虾铁蛋白浓度为1.0μmol/L时，通过与反式虾青素的简单结合，可以将虾青素在水溶液中的溶解度提高至48μmol/L。目前研究表明，20μmol/L的虾青素就可以起到显著地清除自由基以及抑制脂质过氧化的作用。因此，本发明所制得的虾青素样品足以满足日常抗氧化需求，可以用于功能性食品及保健品的制备。另外，本发明通过其与铁蛋白的结合，可以使其免受Fe2+的氧化降解，对简化其贮藏条件，提高其贮藏期颇有益处。
附图说明
图1为不同浓度Fe2+离子对游离虾青素及本发明制备的虾青素-虾铁蛋白氧化降解的紫外可见光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行进一步说明。
本发明借助虾铁蛋白的外表面结合虾青素分子，形成虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物，利用蛋白质的水溶性和去毒保护作用，提高虾青素的水溶性和稳定性，使其免受Fe2+诱导的氧化降解，扩大虾青素的应用范围，简化虾青素的贮藏条件。
一种虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
a)制备浓度为0.25～3.0mmol/L的虾青素溶液，即称取0.0036g虾青素将其溶于2.0mL～24.0mL二甲基亚砜/乙醇/丙酮中；
b)分离纯化虾铁蛋白，制备浓度为0.5～20μmol/L的虾铁蛋白溶液。
c)将步骤b制备的虾铁蛋白溶液缓慢搅拌，之后将步骤a制备的虾青素溶液缓慢滴加到虾铁蛋白溶液中，虾铁蛋白与青素的摩尔比为1:10～1:200；
d)缓慢搅拌反应，反应时间为0.5～2h，反应温度为15℃～35℃，获得虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物溶液；
一种根据所述的制备方法制备的虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物，虾铁蛋白和虾青素最终的结合比例为1：10～1：48。
所述虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物在450nm和280nm处具有紫外可见光谱特征吸收峰，溶液颜色为橘红色。
虾铁蛋白浓度为1.0μmol/L时，虾青素的水溶性可达到48μmol/L。
在加入的Fe2+与虾铁蛋白的摩尔比例为10:1～200:1时，所述虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物在450nm的紫外可见光谱分析中，可以很大程度上提高虾青素的保留率，保护虾青素免受Fe2+的氧化降解。
与游离虾青素相比，一定量虾铁蛋白的存在可以将虾青素的保留率从56％升高至95％。
实施例
虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物的制备：
a)制备浓度为1.0mmol/L的虾青素溶液，将其溶于二甲基亚砜中；
b)分离纯化虾铁蛋白，制备浓度为1.0μmol/L的虾铁蛋白溶液；
c)将步骤b制备的虾铁蛋白溶液缓慢搅拌，之后将步骤a制备的虾青素溶液缓慢滴加到虾铁蛋白溶液中，每次2μL,滴加10次，虾铁蛋白与青素的摩尔比为1:20；
d)缓慢搅拌反应，反应时间为0.5h，反应温度为20℃，获得虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物溶液；
检测本发明的虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物免受Fe2+诱导的氧化降解的能力。
通过在分光光度计上扫描200-700nm的紫外可见光谱，研究了Fe2+诱导的虾青素氧化损伤。首先，将虾青素(1.0mmol/L，10μL)稀释至1.0mLMOPS缓冲液或虾铁蛋白溶液(0.5μmol/L，pH7.5)，制备成虾青素终浓度为10.0μmol/L的溶液。其次，以1分钟的间隔将2.0μLFeSO4溶液(5mmol/L，pH2.0)滴定到上述溶液中10次。如图1所示，随着Fe2+的滴加，虾青素在450nm的吸收峰逐渐下降，表明虾青素降解，而虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合溶液在滴加Fe2+后，450nm的虾青素特征吸收峰只有很轻微的下降。虾铁蛋白的存在可以将虾青素的保留率从56％升高至95％，表明虾铁蛋白可以极大程度上保护虾青素免受Fe2+诱导的氧化降解。
Claims (6)
1.一种提高虾青素水溶性且保护其免受Fe2+氧化降解的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
a)制备浓度为0.25～3.0mmol/L的虾青素溶液，即称取0.0036g虾青素将其溶于2.0mL～24.0mL二甲基亚砜/乙醇/丙酮中；
b)分离纯化虾铁蛋白，制备浓度为0.5～20μmol/L的虾铁蛋白溶液；
c)将步骤b制备的虾铁蛋白溶液缓慢搅拌，之后将步骤a制备的虾青素溶液缓慢滴加到虾铁蛋白溶液中，虾铁蛋白与虾青素的摩尔比为1:10～1:200；
d)缓慢搅拌反应，反应时间为0.5～2h，反应温度为15℃～35℃，获得虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物溶液。
2.一种根据权利要求1所述的方法制备的虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物，其特征在于：所述虾铁蛋白和虾青素最终结合的摩尔比为1：10～1：48。
3.根据权利要求2所述的虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物，其特征在于：所述虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物在450nm和280nm处具有紫外可见光谱特征吸收峰，溶液颜色为橘红色。
4.根据权利要求2所述的虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物，其特征在于：虾铁蛋白浓度为1.0μmol/L时，虾青素的水溶性可达到48μmol/L。
5.根据权利要求2所述的虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物，其特征在于：在加入的虾铁蛋白与Fe2+的摩尔比例为1:10～1:200时，所述虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物在450nm的紫外可见光谱分析中，可以很大程度上提高虾青素的保留率，保护虾青素免受Fe2+的氧化降解。
6.根据权利要求5所述的虾青素-虾铁蛋白复合物，其特征在于：与游离虾青素相比，0.5～20μmol/L虾铁蛋白的存在可以将虾青素的保留率从56％升高至95％。
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| CN114456251A (zh) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-05-10 | 中国农业大学 | 一种小分子-铁蛋白包埋物及铁蛋白一步脱铁包埋小分子的方法 |
| CN114456251B (zh) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-10-14 | 中国农业大学 | 一种小分子-铁蛋白包埋物及铁蛋白一步脱铁包埋小分子的方法 |
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