CN113363537A - Vehicle temperature control system based on small-particle Brownian motion nano fluid - Google Patents
Vehicle temperature control system based on small-particle Brownian motion nano fluid Download PDFInfo
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- CN113363537A CN113363537A CN202110522606.1A CN202110522606A CN113363537A CN 113363537 A CN113363537 A CN 113363537A CN 202110522606 A CN202110522606 A CN 202110522606A CN 113363537 A CN113363537 A CN 113363537A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
- B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04949—Electric variables other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Abstract
The invention relates to a vehicle temperature control system based on small-particle Brownian motion nanofluid, which comprises a fuel cell stack, a temperature sensor, a water tank, a radiator, a one-way variable hydraulic pump, a conductivity sensor and a control module, wherein the radiator, the one-way variable hydraulic pump and the fuel cell stack are mutually communicated through a cooling liquid pipeline to form a cooling circulation loop, and the one-way variable hydraulic pump drives nanofluid cooling liquid to flow in the cooling circulation loop; the water tank is arranged in the cooling circulation loop and is communicated with a cooling liquid pipeline between the fuel cell stack and the one-way variable hydraulic pump.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle temperature control, in particular to a vehicle temperature control system based on small-particle Brownian motion nano-fluid.
Background
Studies on the temperature characteristics of hydrogen fuel cells have shown that temperature has a significant effect on the performance of fuel cells, since activation energy and various species transport are dependent to some extent on temperature. Therefore, in order to ensure that the PEMFC (membrane fuel cell) operates in a proper temperature range, it is necessary to control the temperature to maintain its thermal balance and to reduce the temperature fluctuation range as much as possible. Meanwhile, the distribution of the internal temperature of the fuel cell also has influence on the output performance of the fuel cell, uneven temperature distribution can increase the resistance of cooling water and gas in a flow channel, and the transient high temperature can influence the material transmission, so that the film stem forms a hot spot and even endangers the service life of the electric pile. Therefore, the temperature control of the PEMFC not only controls the galvanic pile to work in a reasonable operation temperature range, but also ensures timely heat dissipation and reasonable temperature difference in the galvanic pile to avoid uneven temperature distribution. However, the reaction of converting chemical energy into electrical energy in the hydrogen fuel cell is an exothermic reaction, and the temperature gradually increases as the chemical reaction continues, and the fuel cell needs to be cooled to ensure that the fuel cell continues to operate normally. The vehicle PEMFC system is a high-power system and needs a liquid cooling mode.
The conventional method for increasing the cooling rate is to enlarge the heat transfer area or increase the coolant flow rate; however, these approaches require increasing the size of the thermal management system components. The nano fluid is a suspension of nano particles in a base liquid, brownian motion of the nano particles in the base liquid can seriously affect the heat conducting property of the nano fluid, and the brownian motion is more violent under the condition that the higher the temperature is and the diameter of the nano particles on the microcosmic surface is smaller, so that the probability of collision heat transfer of the nano particles can be increased. Under certain conditions, the heat conductivity coefficient of the nanofluid can reach 70%. However, when the probability of collision of the nanoparticles is higher, the probability of aggregation is also higher, the nanoparticles are precipitated due to the aggregation of the particles, the heat conduction performance is suddenly reduced, and therefore, in order to ensure the stability of the nanofluid, reliable particle dispersion measures are required.
The freezing point of the glycol is-11.5 ℃, the boiling point of the glycol is 197.4 ℃, and the working temperature range of the pipeline circulating liquid can be effectively expanded by taking the glycol as the base liquid. In addition, the conductivity in the fuel cell is very low, and does not interfere with electrical equipment, and thus is very suitable for use inside the fuel cell.
The PEMFC system is mainly a feedback control system, and the most widely used temperature control strategy in industry is to regulate the radiator voltage and the flow rate of a pump through two coupled PID controllers, and has the advantages of simple principle, simple structure and convenient implementation. However, the strong coupling of the thermal management system causes the temperature fluctuation to be large and the adjusting time to be long when the system is subjected to load change. In addition, the traditional feedback control method only carries out post-control according to the temperature change, so that the influence of load fluctuation on the temperature of the galvanic pile is difficult to effectively eliminate, and the requirement on the temperature stability when the load is changed rapidly cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a vehicle temperature control system based on small particle brownian motion nanofluid, which solves the problem of temperature stability requirement when the load is rapidly changed.
In order to achieve the above object, a technical solution of the present invention is to provide a vehicle temperature control system based on small particle brownian motion nanofluid, which includes a fuel cell stack, a temperature sensor, a water tank, a radiator, a single variable hydraulic pump, a conductivity sensor and a control module, wherein the radiator, the single variable hydraulic pump and the fuel cell stack are communicated with each other through a coolant pipeline to form a cooling circulation loop, and the single variable hydraulic pump drives a nanoflow coolant to flow in the cooling circulation loop; the water tank is arranged in the cooling circulation loop and is communicated with a cooling liquid pipeline between the fuel cell stack and the one-way variable hydraulic pump, and nano-flow cooling liquid is loaded in the water tank; the conductivity sensor is arranged in the cooling circulation loop and is communicated with a cooling pipeline between the fuel cell stack and the radiator so as to monitor the conductivity of the nano-flow cooling liquid in the cooling circulation loop; the control module comprises a variable frequency driving unit, a direct current speed regulator and a main controller, and the main controller is respectively in communication connection with the temperature sensor, the conductivity sensor, the variable frequency driving unit and the direct current speed regulator; the number of the temperature sensors is two, the two temperature sensors are arranged in the cooling circulation loop, and the two temperature sensors are respectively communicated with cooling pipelines at the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell stack so as to respectively obtain the temperature of the nano-flow cooling liquid at the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell stack and transmit the obtained temperature to the main controller; the variable frequency driving unit is in communication connection with the one-way variable hydraulic pump, so that the main controller adjusts the flow rate of the one-way variable hydraulic pump through the variable frequency driving unit, and the direct current speed regulator is in communication connection with the radiator, so that the main controller controls the voltage at the fan end of the radiator through the direct current speed regulator, and the rotating speed of the radiator fan is controlled.
Further, the flow of the unidirectional variable hydraulic pump is controlled by the variable frequency driving unit through a flow following power function.
Further, the control strategy of the flow following power function is as follows: according to the heat production and heat dissipation principle of the liquid cooling PEMFC system and the adjusting characteristic of the one-way variable hydraulic pump, in order to achieve the preset temperature difference, the flow required by the heat dissipation of the system at each current or power value and the corresponding frequency of the one-way variable hydraulic pump are deduced, corrected and adjusted, and the frequency value of the one-way variable hydraulic pump is obtained.
Further, the nano-flow cooling liquid is a nano-flow cooling liquid based on composite particles.
Further, the concentration of the cationic surfactant in the cooling liquid was 2.2%.
Further, the control of the radiator is: a GPC predictive controller using the CARIMA model controls the voltage across a fan in the radiator to control the speed of the fan.
Further, the GPC prediction controller takes the temperature of the nano-flow cooling liquid at the inlet of the fuel cell stack and the expected stack temperature as inputs of a CARIMA model through a GPC algorithm, and takes the voltage of a fan end in the radiator as an output after model prediction, rolling optimization and feedback correction, so as to obtain the voltage of the fan end of the radiator.
Further, the water tank is also provided with a water inlet for injecting the nano-flow cooling zone liquid, and the temperature of the nano-flow cooling liquid entering the water tank from the water inlet is 65-75 ℃.
Further, the preset temperature difference of the nano-flow cooling liquid at the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell is less than 6 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the temperature control system for the vehicle based on the small-particle Brownian motion nano fluid has the following beneficial effects:
the temperature difference of the nano-flow cooling liquid at the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell stack is obtained by the temperature sensor, and the flow of the one-way variable hydraulic pump and the voltage of the fan end of the radiator are respectively adjusted by the main controller through the variable frequency driving unit and the direct current speed regulator, so that the temperature difference of the nano-flow cooling liquid at the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell stack is controlled within an ideal range, and the temperature of the working environment of the fuel cell stack is maintained within a stable range.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a vehicular temperature control system based on small-particle brownian motion nanofluid according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a control principle of the radiator and the single-direction variable hydraulic pump shown in FIG. 1;
description of reference numerals: 10. a fuel cell stack; 20. a temperature sensor; 30. a water tank; 40. a heat sink; 50. a unidirectional variable hydraulic pump; 60. a conductivity sensor; 70. a control module; 71. a variable frequency drive unit; 72. a DC speed regulator; 73. and a master controller.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a vehicle temperature control system based on nanofluid cooling liquid, which comprises: fuel cell stack 10, temperature sensor 20, water tank 30, radiator 40, one-way variable hydraulic pump 50, conductivity sensor 60, and control module 70, fuel cell stack 10 is connected to a vehicle load to provide power to the vehicle load. The radiator 40, the one-way variable hydraulic pump 50 and the fuel cell stack 10 are communicated with each other through coolant pipelines to form a cooling circulation loop, the one-way variable hydraulic pump 50 drives the nano-fluid coolant to flow in the cooling circulation loop so as to cool the fuel cell stack 10 through the coolant, and the radiator 40 cools the nano-fluid coolant passing through the fuel cell stack 10, so that the recycling of the nano-fluid coolant is ensured.
The water tank 30 is disposed in the cooling circulation circuit, and is in communication with the coolant line between the fuel cell stack 10 and the single direction variable hydraulic pump 50, and contains a nano-flow coolant therein, so that when the nano-flow coolant in the cooling circulation circuit is lost, the nano-flow coolant in the water tank 30 is replenished into the cooling circulation circuit.
The control module 70 includes a variable frequency driving unit 71, a direct current speed regulator 72 and a main controller 73, the main controller 73 is respectively in communication connection with the temperature sensor 20, the conductance rate sensor 60, the variable frequency driving unit 71 and the direct current speed regulator 72, wherein the conductivity sensor 60 is disposed in the cooling circulation loop and is communicated with the cooling pipeline between the fuel cell stack 10 and the radiator 40 to monitor the conductivity of the nano-flow cooling liquid in the cooling circulation loop, and transmit the acquired conductivity to the main controller 73.
The number of the temperature sensors 20 is two, the two temperature sensors 20 are both disposed in the cooling circulation loop, and the two temperature sensors 20 are respectively communicated with cooling pipelines at the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell stack 10, that is, the conductivity sensor 60 and the cooling pipelines between the fuel cell stack 10 and the one-way variable hydraulic pump 50 and the fuel cell stack 10 are communicated, so as to respectively obtain the temperatures of the nano-flow cooling liquid before entering the fuel cell stack 10 and after exiting from the fuel cell stack 10, that is, the temperatures at the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell stack 10, and transmit the obtained temperatures to the master controller 73.
The variable frequency drive unit 71 is communicatively connected to the single direction variable hydraulic pump 50 such that the main controller 73 regulates the flow rate of the single direction variable hydraulic pump 50 through the variable frequency drive unit 71. The dc governor 72 is communicatively coupled to the radiator 40 such that the main controller 73 controls the voltage across the fan end of the radiator 40 via the dc governor 72 to control the speed of the fan of the radiator 40. The flow rate of the one-way variable hydraulic pump 50 and the power of the radiator 40 are controlled according to the temperature of the nano-coolant entering the fuel cell stack 10 and flowing out of the fuel cell stack 10 to control the temperature of the nano-flow coolant in the cooling circulation circuit to a constant temperature, thereby maintaining the temperature of the fuel cell stack 10 constant.
It is understood that the cooling liquid is a nano-fluid cooling liquid based on composite particles, brownian motion of nano-particles in a base liquid can seriously affect the heat conducting performance of the nano-fluid, and the brownian motion is more violent under the condition that the diameter of the nano-particles on a microscopic scale is smaller when the temperature is higher, so that the probability of collision heat transfer of the nano-particles can be increased. Under certain conditions, the heat conductivity coefficient of the nanofluid can reach 70%. However, when the probability of collision of the nanoparticles is higher, the probability of aggregation is also higher, the nanoparticles are precipitated due to the aggregation of the particles, the heat conduction performance is suddenly reduced, and therefore, a dispersion measure of adding an anode surfactant to the nanofluid is taken to ensure the stability of the nanofluid. The freezing point of the glycol is-11.5 ℃, the boiling point of the glycol is 197.4 ℃, and the working temperature range of the pipeline circulating liquid can be effectively expanded by taking the glycol as the base liquid. In addition, the conductivity in the fuel cell is very low, and does not interfere with electrical equipment, and thus is very suitable for use inside the fuel cell. However, even for the nanofluid using the deionized water-ethylene glycol mixed solution as the base liquid, the increase of the concentration of the nanoparticles will lead to the improvement of the conductivity thereof, so the conductivity sensor 60 is arranged in the circulating pipeline for real-time monitoring of the conductivity of the nano-flow cooling liquid, and the nano-flow cooling liquid is added or replaced in time when the conductivity of the nano-flow cooling liquid reaches the limit value.
Firstly, preparing composite nano particles through oxidation-reduction reaction, selecting deionized water-ethylene glycol mixed solution with the volume fraction ratio of 1:1 as base liquid, then adding the composite nano particles and a specific amount of cationic surfactant into the base liquid, and stirring at high speed to obtain the nanofluid.
It is understood that the concentration of the cationic surfactant in the coolant is 2.2%
It will be appreciated that the conductivity limit of the nano-flow coolant can be set manually as desired.
Further, the flow rate of the unidirectional variable hydraulic pump 50 is controlled by: the flow rate follows the power function, and is controlled by the variable frequency drive unit 71.
Further, the control strategy of the flow following power function is as follows: according to the heat production and heat dissipation principle of the liquid-cooled PEMFC system and the adjusting characteristic of the one-way variable hydraulic pump 50, in order to achieve the preset temperature difference, the flow required by the heat dissipation of the system at each current or power value and the corresponding frequency of the one-way variable hydraulic pump 50 are deduced, corrected and adjusted, and the frequency value of the one-way variable hydraulic pump 50 is obtained.
It is understood that the preset temperature difference is the temperature difference of the nano-flow coolant at the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack 10 after being controlled by the nano-fluid coolant based temperature control system for a vehicle.
It can be understood that the cooling water flow following control means that a corresponding and fixed cooling liquid flow is rapidly adjusted according to the current real-time power value of the PEMFC, so as to keep the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell stack 10 substantially stable during the operation of the PEMFC system. When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell dynamically responds, the output voltage generates downward overshoot and upward overshoot, so that the output power of the fuel cell stack also generates corresponding downward overshoot and upward overshoot in the process, and therefore, in order to determine the flow following power function of a feed-forward link, a dynamic response curve of the power needs to be obtained according to a dynamic model of the stack. And then calculating the functional relation between the flow of the pump and the motor frequency according to the characteristics of the pump, and finally calculating the heat generation quantity and the heat dissipation function of the PEMFC so as to finally obtain a flow following power function.
Further, the control of the radiator 40 is: a GPC predictive controller using the CARIMA model controls the voltage across the fan in the radiator 40 to control the speed of the fan.
Further, the GPC predictive controller uses the temperature of the nano-flow coolant at the inlet of the fuel cell stack 10 and the expected stack temperature as inputs of the CARIMA model through a GPC algorithm, and after model prediction, roll optimization, and feedback correction, uses the voltage at the fan end of the radiator 40 as an output, thereby obtaining the voltage at the fan end of the radiator.
It can be understood that the algorithm uses a controlled autoregressive integral moving average model, has excellent disturbance resistance and can adapt to switching of different working conditions of the hydrogen fuel cell.
It is to be understood that the stack temperature is expected to be the most desirable temperature for operation of the fuel cell 10.
It can be understood that the temperature control system of the PEMFC has the characteristics of large inertia and large delay, and is easy to cause large overshoot in control, so that the prevention of overshoot is an important factor to be considered in the design of the control algorithm. The conventional PID control only tracks the change of temperature, modifies the control amount according to the change of temperature, and inevitably causes a lag in control due to the delay of the temperature itself, thereby causing a large overshoot. Therefore, the influence of load fluctuation on the temperature of the electric pile cannot be effectively eliminated only by carrying out post-control according to the temperature change, and if the control algorithm can predict the temperature change trend and take measures to carry out control in advance, the capacity of the temperature control system can be greatly improved. Further, the water tank 30 is also provided with a water inlet for injecting the nano-flow cooling liquid, and the temperature of the nano-flow cooling liquid entering the water tank 30 from the water inlet is 65-75 ℃.
Further, the preset temperature difference of the nano-flow cooling liquid at the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell stack 10 is less than 6 ℃. That is, the difference in temperature between the nano-flow coolant at the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack 10 is not more than 6 ℃ after being controlled by the vehicular temperature control system based on the small particle brownian motion nano-fluid.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the temperature difference of the nano-flow cooling liquid at the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell stack 10, which is obtained by the temperature sensor, is used, and the flow of the one-way variable hydraulic pump 50 and the voltage at the fan end of the radiator 40 are respectively adjusted by the main controller 73 through the variable frequency driving unit 71 and the direct current speed regulator 72, so that the temperature difference of the nano-flow cooling liquid at the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell stack 10 is controlled within an ideal range, and the temperature of the working environment of the fuel cell stack 10 is maintained within a stable range. Meanwhile, the conductivity of the nano-flow cooling liquid is monitored in real time by using the conductivity sensor 60, so that the nano-flow cooling liquid is replaced or supplemented immediately when the conductivity exceeds a limit value.
Compared with the prior art, the temperature control system for the vehicle based on the small-particle Brownian motion nano fluid has the following beneficial effects:
the temperature difference of the nano-flow cooling liquid at the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell stack is obtained by the temperature sensor, and the flow of the one-way variable hydraulic pump and the voltage of the fan end of the radiator are respectively adjusted by the main controller through the variable frequency driving unit and the direct current speed regulator, so that the temperature difference of the nano-flow cooling liquid at the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell stack is controlled within an ideal range, and the temperature of the working environment of the fuel cell stack is maintained within a stable range.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A vehicle temperature control system based on small particle Brownian motion nanofluid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack, a temperature sensor, a water tank, a radiator, a one-way variable hydraulic pump, a conductivity sensor and a control module, wherein the radiator, the single variable hydraulic pump and the fuel cell stack are communicated with each other through a cooling liquid pipeline to form a cooling circulation loop, and the one-way variable hydraulic pump drives cooling liquid to flow in the cooling circulation loop;
the water tank is arranged in the cooling circulation loop and is communicated with a cooling liquid pipeline between the fuel cell stack and the one-way variable hydraulic pump, and cooling liquid is filled in the water tank; the conductivity sensor is arranged in the cooling circulation loop and is communicated with a cooling pipeline between the fuel cell stack and the radiator so as to monitor the conductivity of the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation loop;
the control module comprises a variable frequency driving unit, a direct current speed regulator and a main controller, and the main controller is respectively in communication connection with the temperature sensor, the conductivity sensor, the variable frequency driving unit and the direct current speed regulator;
the number of the temperature sensors is two, the two temperature sensors are arranged in the cooling circulation loop, and the two temperature sensors are respectively communicated with cooling pipelines at the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell stack so as to respectively obtain the temperature of cooling liquid at the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell stack and transmit the obtained temperature to the main controller;
the variable frequency driving unit is in communication connection with the one-way variable hydraulic pump, so that the main controller adjusts the flow rate of the one-way variable hydraulic pump through the variable frequency driving unit, and the direct current speed regulator is in communication connection with the radiator, so that the main controller controls the voltage at the fan end of the radiator through the direct current speed regulator, and the rotating speed of the radiator fan is controlled.
2. The vehicle temperature control system based on the small particle Brownian motion nano-fluid as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the flow of the one-way variable hydraulic pump is controlled by the variable-frequency driving unit through a flow following power function.
3. The vehicle temperature control system based on the small particle Brownian motion nano-fluid as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
the control strategy of the flow following power function is as follows: according to the heat production and heat dissipation principle of the liquid cooling PEMFC system and the adjusting characteristic of the one-way variable hydraulic pump, in order to achieve the preset temperature difference, the flow required by the heat dissipation of the system at each current or power value and the corresponding frequency of the one-way variable hydraulic pump are deduced, corrected and adjusted, and the frequency value of the one-way variable hydraulic pump is obtained.
4. The vehicle temperature control system based on the small particle Brownian motion nano-fluid as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the cooling liquid is a nano fluid cooling liquid based on composite particles.
5. The vehicle temperature control system based on the small particle Brownian motion nano-fluid as claimed in claim 4, wherein:
the concentration of the cationic surfactant in the cooling liquid was 2.2%.
6. The vehicle temperature control system based on the small particle Brownian motion nano-fluid as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the control of the radiator is as follows: a GPC predictive controller using the CARIMA model controls the voltage across a fan in the radiator to control the speed of the fan.
7. The vehicle temperature control system based on the small particle Brownian motion nano-fluid as claimed in claim 6, wherein:
and the GPC prediction controller takes the temperature of the nano-flow cooling liquid at the inlet of the fuel cell stack and the expected stack temperature as the input of a CARIMA model through a GPC algorithm, and takes the voltage of a fan end in the radiator as the output after model prediction, rolling optimization and feedback correction, so as to obtain the voltage of the fan end of the radiator.
8. The vehicle temperature control system based on the small particle Brownian motion nano-fluid as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the water tank is also provided with a water inlet for injecting the nano-flow cooling zone liquid, and the temperature of the nano-flow cooling liquid entering the water tank from the water inlet is 65-75 ℃.
9. The vehicle temperature control system based on the small particle Brownian motion nano-fluid as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the preset temperature difference of the nano-flow cooling liquid at the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell is less than 6 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
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