CN111169326B - Fuel cell heat exchange system and hydrogen energy tramcar - Google Patents
Fuel cell heat exchange system and hydrogen energy tramcar Download PDFInfo
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- CN111169326B CN111169326B CN202010037492.7A CN202010037492A CN111169326B CN 111169326 B CN111169326 B CN 111169326B CN 202010037492 A CN202010037492 A CN 202010037492A CN 111169326 B CN111169326 B CN 111169326B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
- B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell heat exchange system which comprises a fuel cell, a cooling water channel, an expansion water tank, a cooling water circulating pump and a water-cooling radiator which are sequentially connected in series in a closed loop manner, a waste heat recovery water channel, a heating water tank and a waste heat recovery water circulating pump which are sequentially connected in series in the closed loop manner, and a water heating radiator and a heating water circulating pump which are sequentially connected in series in the closed loop manner in the heating water tank. Partial heat generated by the fuel cell is transferred to the heating water tank through the heat exchanger to provide heat for the water heating radiator, and the waste heat is dissipated by the water cooling radiator, so that the original functions and performances of the fuel cell system and the air conditioning system are not influenced. The waste heat of the fuel cell is used for heating, so that the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell system is improved; the noise pollution of the fan of the water-cooling radiator is reduced, and the space is saved; the heat of the fuel cell and the air conditioning system is fully utilized, the energy utilization rate of the whole vehicle system is improved, and energy conservation and emission reduction are realized. The invention also discloses a hydrogen energy tramcar comprising the fuel cell heat exchange system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tramcars, in particular to a fuel cell heat exchange system. In addition, the invention also relates to a hydrogen energy tramcar comprising the system.
Background
In recent years, the technology of the high-power fuel cell is greatly improved, and the possibility is provided for the application of the fuel cell in the rail transit field of locomotives, trams and the like, and the fuel cell vehicle carries a main power source and does not depend on a traction power supply system, so that the whole-course/local non-network operation can be realized. A hydrogen fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy. The system has the advantages of quick power regulation response, long endurance, zero emission, high conversion efficiency, more hydrogen fuel acquisition ways, high equipment power density, good stability and the like. At present, the hydrogen Fuel Cell applied in the transportation field is mainly a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC).
The reaction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is not limited by Carnot cycle, the energy conversion efficiency can reach 50 percent at most, therefore, 50 percent of energy can be dissipated in the form of heat energy, which means that the heating power of the fuel cell is approximately equal to the power generation power of the fuel cell. The optimal working temperature of the fuel cell is generally 60 ℃ to 80 ℃, the fuel cell stack is very sensitive to the working temperature, the low-temperature working range is large in ohmic impedance, and the power generation efficiency is low; too high a working temperature will cause dehydration of the proton exchange membrane and decrease the conductivity. Therefore, the fuel cell thermal management system is important to the overall battery system operation.
The high-power fuel cell system generally adopts a water cooling mode to circularly dissipate heat, cooling water flows through a fuel cell stack to enter a radiator, a heat dissipation fan reduces the temperature of the cooling water in the radiator by utilizing air convection, the cooled cooling water enters the fuel cell stack again, and a cooling water circulating pump drives the cooling water to continuously dissipate heat of the stack. A large amount of heat energy is discharged into the atmospheric environment, so that the waste heat discharge of the environment is increased, and meanwhile, the waste of heat resources is realized; meanwhile, the existing fuel cell water cooling device has the disadvantages that the heat dissipation fan consumes more electric energy and brings huge noise.
Therefore, how to optimize and improve the existing water cooling device and recycle the waste heat of the fuel cell is a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell heat exchange system, which realizes the comprehensive heat management of a whole vehicle, improves the energy utilization rate of a whole vehicle system and realizes energy conservation and emission reduction by adding a waste heat recovery device and a heating device. Another object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen powered tramcar comprising the above fuel cell heat exchange system.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a fuel cell heat exchange system which comprises a fuel cell, a cooling water channel of a heat exchanger, an expansion water tank, a cooling water circulating pump and a water-cooling radiator which are sequentially connected in series in a closed loop manner, and further comprises a waste heat recovery water channel, a heating water tank and a waste heat recovery water circulating pump of the heat exchanger which are sequentially connected in series in a closed loop manner, wherein the heating water tank is sequentially connected in series in a closed loop manner with a water heating radiator and a heating water circulating pump.
Preferably, a first cutoff valve is disposed between the heat exchanger and the heating water tank, a second cutoff valve is disposed between the heating water tank and the waste heat-recovering water circulating pump, and a first pressure release valve is disposed between the second cutoff valve and the waste heat-recovering water circulating pump.
Preferably, the heating water tank includes a recovery water inlet and a recovery water outlet communicated with the heat exchanger, and the heating water tank further includes a water heating water inlet and a water heating water outlet communicated with the water heating radiator.
Preferably, a third stop valve is arranged between the heating water tank and the water heating radiator, a fourth stop valve is arranged between the heating water tank and the heating water circulating pump, a three-way ball valve is arranged between the third stop valve and the water heating water outlet, the three-way ball valve is communicated with an external water supply pipeline, and a second pressure release valve is arranged between the fourth stop valve and the water heating water inlet.
Preferably, the fuel cell with be provided with first temperature sensor between the heat exchanger, heat exchanger with be provided with second temperature sensor between the expansion tank, the water-cooling radiator with be provided with third temperature sensor and first pressure sensor between the fuel cell, the cooling water circulating pump the water-cooling radiator and each sensor connection water-cooling plant controller.
Preferably, a fourth temperature sensor is disposed between the first cutoff valve and the heating water tank, a fifth temperature sensor is disposed between the heating water tank and the second cutoff valve, a second pressure sensor is disposed between the waste heat-recovering water circulating pump and the heat exchanger, and the waste heat-recovering water circulating pump, the first pressure release valve, and the sensors are connected to a waste heat recovery device controller. The water cooling device controller is in communication connection with the waste heat recovery device controller.
Preferably, a sixth temperature sensor is arranged between the three-way ball valve and the third stop valve, a third pressure sensor is arranged between the fourth stop valve and the water inlet of the heating water tank, and the heating water circulating pump, the third stop valve, the fourth stop valve, the three-way ball valve, the second pressure release valve and the sensors are connected with a heating device controller.
Preferably, the heating water tank is installed on the top of the vehicle body, waste cold air discharged from the air conditioning system enters from two sides of the bottom of the heating water tank, an installation box body is arranged outside the heating water tank, and cooling fans are arranged on two sides of the installation box body.
Preferably, the air conditioner system further comprises an air conditioner system controller and a compartment ambient temperature sensor, the cooling fan and the compartment ambient temperature sensor are connected with the heating device controller, and the compartment ambient temperature sensor is connected with the air conditioner system controller.
The invention provides a hydrogen energy tramcar, which comprises a fuel cell heat exchange system, wherein the fuel cell heat exchange system is specifically the fuel cell heat exchange system.
The invention provides a fuel cell heat exchange system which comprises a fuel cell, a cooling water channel of a heat exchanger, an expansion water tank, a cooling water circulating pump and a water-cooling radiator which are connected in series in a closed-loop mode in sequence, and further comprises a waste heat recovery water channel, a heating water tank and a waste heat recovery water circulating pump of the heat exchanger which are connected in series in the closed-loop mode in sequence, wherein the heating water tank is connected in series with a water heating radiator and a heating water circulating pump in the closed-loop mode in sequence. The heat generated by the fuel cell is transferred to the heating water tank through the heat exchanger to provide heat for the water heating radiator, and the original functions and performances of the fuel cell system and the air conditioning system are not influenced; the waste heat of the fuel cell is used for heating, so that the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell system is improved; the waste heat recovery device and the water cooling device share the heat dissipation of the fuel cell system together, and the heat dissipation capacity is improved. The heat exchanger of the waste heat recovery device exchanges partial heat for the convection heat, so that a fan with smaller power and volume can be considered when the water-cooling radiator is selected, the noise pollution of the heat-radiating fan is reduced, and the space is saved. The heating device is operated in winter, supplies heat for the water heating of the carriage and is matched with the air heating of the air conditioning system, so that the electric heating device is saved, and the energy consumption of the air conditioning system is reduced; in summer, the heat is dissipated to the fuel cell together with the water-cooling radiator, and the waste of the air-conditioning system is utilized to cool and dissipate the heat to the heating water tank. The heat of the fuel cell and the air conditioning system is fully utilized, the comprehensive heat management of the whole vehicle is realized, the energy utilization rate of the whole vehicle system is improved, and the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
The invention also provides a hydrogen energy tramcar comprising the fuel cell heat exchange system, and the fuel cell heat exchange system has the technical effects, so the hydrogen energy tramcar also has the same technical effects, and the detailed description is omitted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic heating diagram of one embodiment of a fuel cell heat exchange system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of heat dissipation of one embodiment of a fuel cell heat exchange system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a control loop topology of one embodiment of a fuel cell heat exchange system provided by the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic position diagram of a heating water tank of an embodiment of a fuel cell heat exchange system provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The core of the invention is to provide a fuel cell heat exchange system, which realizes the comprehensive heat management of the whole vehicle, improves the energy utilization rate of the whole vehicle system and realizes energy conservation and emission reduction by adding a waste heat recovery device and a heating device. Another core of the invention is to provide a hydrogen energy tramcar comprising the fuel cell heat exchange system.
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the disclosure, the invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, fig. 1 is a schematic heating diagram of a fuel cell heat exchange system according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of heat dissipation of one embodiment of a fuel cell heat exchange system provided by the present invention; FIG. 3 is a control loop topology of one embodiment of a fuel cell heat exchange system provided by the present invention; fig. 4 is a schematic position diagram of a heating water tank of an embodiment of a fuel cell heat exchange system provided by the invention.
The invention provides a fuel cell heat exchange system, which comprises a water cooling device, an exhaust heat recovery device and a heating device, wherein the water cooling device comprises a fuel cell 1, a cooling water channel of a heat exchanger 2, an expansion water tank 3, a cooling water circulating pump 4 and a water cooling radiator 5 which are connected in series in a closed loop manner in sequence, namely the components are connected in series to form a closed loop structure. The waste heat recovery device comprises a waste heat recovery water channel, a heating water tank 6 and a waste heat recovery water circulating pump 7 of the heat exchanger 2 which are sequentially connected in series in a closed loop mode, the heat exchanger 2 simultaneously belongs to a water cooling device and the waste heat recovery device, the heat exchanger 2 comprises a cooling water channel and a waste heat recovery water channel, the two channels are independent, and heat exchange of the water cooling device and the waste heat recovery device is realized but water cannot be changed. The heating device comprises a heating water tank 6, a water heating radiator 8 and a heating water circulating pump 9 which are sequentially connected in series in a closed loop mode, the heating water tank 6 simultaneously belongs to a waste heat recovery device and the heating device, water of the two parts is shared, water can be changed while heat exchange is carried out, and a cooling water circulating loop, a waste heat recovery circulating loop and a water heating circulating loop are formed.
Under the action of the cooling water circulating pump 4, the cooling water takes heat in the fuel cell 1 to a cooling water channel of the heat exchanger 2, then enters the expansion water tank 3 and the water-cooled radiator 5 for heat dissipation, and finally flows back to the fuel cell 1. Meanwhile, heat exchange between the cooling water channel and the waste heat recovery water channel is realized in the heat exchanger 2, circulating water in the waste heat recovery device is heated and enters the heating water tank 6 under the action of the waste heat recovery water circulating pump 7, and circulating heat exchange is realized. Finally, under the action of a heating water circulating pump 9, hot water in the heating water tank 6 enters a water heating radiator 8 to realize heating in the carriage.
In the fuel cell heat exchange system, the waste heat dissipation path of the fuel cell mainly comprises two paths, wherein one path is discharged into the atmosphere through a water-cooling radiator 5 in a convection manner, the other path is exchanged through a heat exchanger 2 and stored in a heating water tank 6, the carriage does not need to be heated in summer, the waste heat of an air conditioning system 17 is utilized to dissipate the heat of the heating water tank 6 and is discharged into the atmosphere, and the carriage is heated in winter. The exhaust air volume of the air conditioning system 17 in summer is determined, the heat dissipation capacity is calculated as the rated heat transfer capacity of the heat exchanger 2, and the water-cooled radiator 5 is charged with the residual heat dissipation. The water cooling device is arranged on the roof of the tramcar, natural wind enters through the roof traveling air duct, flows around the water cooling radiator 5 and is forced to be cooled and discharged through the water cooling radiator fan.
By the mode, original functions and performances of the fuel cell 1 and the air conditioning system 17 are not influenced, the waste heat of the fuel cell 1 is used for heating, the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell 1 is improved, and the waste heat recovery device and the water cooling device share the heat dissipation of the fuel cell 1 together, so that the heat dissipation capacity is improved. The heat exchanger 2 of the waste heat recovery device exchanges partial heat for convection heat, so that a fan with smaller power and volume can be considered when the water-cooled radiator 5 is selected, the noise pollution of the heat-radiating fan is reduced, the space is saved, the heat of the fuel cell 1 and the air conditioning system 17 is fully utilized, the comprehensive heat management of the whole vehicle is realized, the energy utilization rate of the whole vehicle system is improved, and the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
A first stop valve 10 is arranged between the heat exchanger 2 and the heating water tank 6, a second stop valve 11 is arranged between the heating water tank 6 and the waste heat recovery water circulating pump 7, a first pressure release valve 12 is arranged between the second stop valve 11 and the waste heat recovery water circulating pump 7, and pressure is released when the pressure is too high, so that the system safety is ensured.
In order to realize the common use of the heating water tank 6 in two cycles, the heating water tank 6 is provided with four openings which are communicated with the recovery water inlet and the recovery water outlet of the heat exchanger 2 and communicated with the water heating water inlet and the water heating water outlet of the water heating radiator 8, and the water heating water inlet and the water heating water outlet can be adjusted according to the conditions and share the water inlet and the water outlet.
Under the condition that does not need the heating, in order to realize cutting off the water supply of heating water tank 6, be provided with third shutoff valve 13 between heating water tank 6 and the hot-water heating radiator 8, be provided with fourth shutoff valve 14 between heating water tank 6 and the heating water circulating pump 9, be provided with three-way ball valve 15 between third shutoff valve 13 and the hot-water heating delivery port, three-way ball valve 15 communicates the outside water supply pipeline of giving, add water for the heating, be provided with second pressure release valve 16 between fourth shutoff valve 14 and the hot-water heating water inlet, the pressure release when the pressure is too high, guarantee system safety. The type and arrangement of the valves can be adjusted according to the situation and are within the protection scope of the invention.
In the fuel cell heat exchange system provided by the embodiment of the invention, in order to realize automatic control, a first temperature sensor 19 is arranged between the fuel cell 1 and the heat exchanger 2, a second temperature sensor 20 is arranged between the heat exchanger 2 and the expansion water tank 3, a third temperature sensor 21 and a first pressure sensor 22 are arranged between the water-cooling radiator 5 and the fuel cell 1, and the cooling water circulating pump 4, the water-cooling radiator 5 and the sensors are connected with a water-cooling device controller 23.
A fourth temperature sensor 24 is arranged between the first stop valve 10 and the heating water tank 6, a fifth temperature sensor 25 is arranged between the heating water tank 6 and the second stop valve 11, a second pressure sensor 26 is arranged between the waste heat recovery water circulation pump 7 and the heat exchanger 2, the waste heat recovery water circulation pump 7, the first pressure release valve 12 and the sensors are connected with a waste heat recovery device controller 27, and the water cooling device controller 23 is in communication connection with the waste heat recovery device controller 27.
A sixth temperature sensor 28 is arranged between the three-way ball valve 15 and the third stop valve 13, a third pressure sensor 29 is arranged between the fourth stop valve 14 and the water heating inlet of the heating water tank 6, and the heating water circulating pump 9, the third stop valve 13, the fourth stop valve 14, the three-way ball valve 15, the second pressure release valve 16 and the sensors are connected with a heating device controller 30. The state in each cycle is monitored in real time through the sensor, so that the starting, stopping and power of each part are controlled, automatic control is realized, and mode switching of different environmental temperatures is realized.
On the basis of the fuel cell heat exchange system provided by each embodiment, the heating water tank 6 is installed at the top of the vehicle body, heating time is not required, waste cold air discharged from the air conditioning system 17 enters from two sides of the bottom of the heating water tank 6, an installation box body is arranged outside the heating water tank 6, and cooling fans 18 are arranged on two sides of the installation box body. The heat is discharged by the heat-radiating fan 18, and this ventilation method may be a discharge type ventilation method or a suction type ventilation method. The air conditioner system further comprises an air conditioner system controller 31 and a compartment environment temperature sensor 32, the cooling fan 18 and the compartment environment temperature sensor 32 are connected with the heating device controller 30, and the compartment environment temperature sensor 32 is connected with the air conditioner system controller 31.
In the circulation of the water cooling device, a first temperature sensor 19 is arranged at a cooling water outlet of the fuel cell 1, a second temperature sensor 20 is arranged at a cooling water outlet of the heat exchanger 2, a third temperature sensor 21 is arranged at a cooling water outlet of the water-cooled radiator 5, a first pressure sensor 22 is arranged at a cooling water inlet of the fuel cell 1, and all the temperature sensors and the pressure sensors are connected with a water cooling device controller 23 through leads.
The water cooling device controller 23 monitors the temperature of the cooling water in real time through the first temperature sensor 19 and the third temperature sensor 21, monitors the pressure of the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell 1 in real time through the first pressure sensor 22, and in order to ensure the uniformity of the internal temperature distribution of the fuel cell 1, the temperature difference of the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet is generally kept within 10 ℃, and preferably kept within 5 ℃. The heat transfer capacity of the heat exchanger 2 is fixed to a rated value in summer and winter, is reduced along with the reduction of the cold/heat load of the air conditioning system 17 in spring and autumn, the heat transfer capacity of the heat exchanger 2 is dynamically related to the temperature difference of the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet and the temperature difference of the waste heat recovery water inlet and the waste heat recovery water outlet, and the water cooling device controller 23 does not adjust the heat exchanger 2.
The water cooling device controller 23 controls the difference value between the cooling water inlet pressure of the fuel cell 1 and the air inlet pressure of the stack to keep a set value by adjusting the rotating speed of the cooling water circulating pump 4, so as to ensure the temperature difference between the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell 1, and controls the cooling water inlet temperature of the fuel cell 1 by adjusting the rotating speed of the fan of the water cooling radiator 5, so as to ensure that the thermal balance state of the fuel cell 1 is stabilized at a target value. The first temperature sensor 19 and the second temperature sensor 20 monitor the temperature of the cooling water inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger 2, and the water cooling device controller 23 communicates and transmits the temperature to the waste heat recovery device controller 27 for calculating the heat transfer quantity of the heat exchanger 2.
In the waste heat recovery circulation, a waste heat recovery outlet pipeline of the heat exchanger 2 is provided with a first stop valve 10 for maintenance, a water inlet pipeline of the waste heat recovery water circulation pump 7 is provided with a second stop valve 11 for maintenance, a fourth temperature sensor 24 is arranged at a recovery water inlet of the heating water tank 6, a fifth temperature sensor 25 is arranged at a water outlet, a second pressure sensor 26 is arranged at a waste heat recovery water inlet of the heat exchanger 2, and a first pressure release valve 12 is arranged in a pipeline between the waste heat recovery water circulation pump 7 and the second stop valve 11. The temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the pressure release valve are connected to the exhaust heat recovery device controller 27 through wires, and the first and second cutoff valves 10 and 11 are used to manually control the cutoff and conduction of the exhaust heat recovery circulation circuit at the time of maintenance and repair.
The waste heat recovery device controller 27 monitors the temperature of waste heat recovery water in real time through the fourth temperature sensor 24 and the fifth temperature sensor 25 at the water inlet and outlet of the heating water tank 6 to obtain the temperature difference of the recovery side inlet and outlet water of the heating water tank 6, which is the temperature difference caused by heat consumption of the heating device. The heat loss of the heat recovery pipeline is not considered, the temperature difference of the waste heat recovery water inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger 2 can be approximately equal to the temperature difference of the water inlet and outlet of the recovery side of the heating water tank 6, the temperature difference of the cooling water inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger 2 is measured by the first temperature sensor 19 and the second temperature sensor 20, the dynamic heat transfer quantity of the heat exchanger 2 is calculated, the temperature difference of the water inlet and outlet of the recovery side of the heating water tank 6 is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the waste heat recovery water circulating pump 7, and the heat transfer quantity of the heat exchanger 2 is kept at a rated value.
The second pressure sensor 26 monitors the pressure of the heat recovery pipeline of the first stop valve 10 and the second stop valve 11 on the heat exchanger 2 side in real time, when the system is overhauled and maintained, the first stop valve 10 and the second stop valve 11 are not opened manually in time, the heat recovery pipeline on the heat exchanger 2 side is in a closed state, if the water cooling device is operated, the heat exchanger 2 starts to exchange heat, the pressure of the heat recovery pipeline on the heat exchanger 2 side is abnormal due to the expansion of water, and when the pressure value exceeds the preset pressure, the first pressure release valve 12 is controlled to be opened, so that the pressure of the heat recovery pipeline on the heat exchanger 2 side is recovered to the preset value.
In the water heating and heat supplying cycle, a sixth temperature sensor 28 is arranged at the water outlet of the heating side of the heating water tank 6, a third pressure sensor 29 is arranged at the water inlet of the heating side of the heating water tank 6, a second pressure release valve 162 is arranged in a pipeline between the water inlet of the heating side of the heating water tank 6 and the third pressure sensor 29, a third stop valve 13 is arranged in a water inlet pipeline of the water heating radiator 8, a fourth stop valve 14 is arranged in a water outlet pipeline of the heating water circulating pump 9, a three-way ball valve 15 is arranged at the intersection of the water outlet pipeline of the heating side of the heating water tank 6, an external water supply pipeline and the third stop valve 13, and a carriage environment temperature sensor 32 is arranged in the air environment of a carriage. The temperature sensor, the pressure release valve, the shutoff valve, the three-way ball valve 15, the radiator fan 18, and the like are connected to the heater controller 30 by wires, and the cabin ambient temperature sensor 32 is also connected to the air conditioning system controller 31 by wires. Here, the third stop valve 13, the fourth stop valve 14 and the three-way ball valve 15 are electric valves, the third stop valve 13 and the fourth stop valve 14 are used for controlling the cutoff and conduction of the water heating and heat supplying circulation circuit, and the three-way ball valve 15 is used for flexibly controlling the merging, splitting and flow direction switching of the water path, and simultaneously closing any one path to connect the other two paths.
The heating device controller 30 monitors the temperature of the outlet water at the heating side of the heating water tank 6 in real time through the sixth temperature sensor 28, and is used for controlling the wind speeds of the two cooling fans 18 in summer and adjusting the air exhaust amount; in winter, the temperature of the compartment environment monitored by the compartment environment temperature sensor 32 participates in the calculation of the heat dissipation capacity of the water heating radiator 8, and the temperature of the outlet water at the heating side of the heating water tank 6 is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the heating water circulating pump 9, so that the heat dissipation capacity of the water heating radiator 8 is controlled. The air conditioning system controller 31 collects the ambient temperature of the carriage and is used for adjusting the heating of the air conditioning system 17, the air conditioning system 17 bears the main heating heat load in winter, and the water heating radiator 8 assists in heating and maintains the proper temperature of the carriage together.
The third pressure sensor 29 monitors the pressure of the water heating and heat supplying pipeline at the side of the heating water tank 6 of the third stop valve 13 and the fourth stop valve 14 in real time, when the system is overhauled and maintained, the third stop valve 13 and the fourth stop valve 14 are not opened in time, or the working condition in summer is that after the water stored in the water heating radiator 8 is emptied, the third stop valve 13 and the fourth stop valve 14 are closed, and the water heating and heat supplying pipeline at the side of the heating water tank 6 is in a closed state. At this time, if the water cooling device and the waste heat recovery device are operated, the water stored in the heating water tank 6 starts to be heated, and the pressure in the heating water tank 6 rises due to the expansion of water, so that the pressure value of the water heating pipeline exceeds the preset pressure, the second pressure release valve 16 is controlled to be opened, the pressure of the water heating pipeline at the side of the heating water tank 6 is recovered to the preset value, and the pressure in the heating water tank 6 is reduced.
Specifically, in summer, the heat exchanger 2 operates at a rated heat transfer rate, and the heating device stops heating. The fourth stop valve 14 is closed, the three-way ball valve 15 is operated to close the water outlet pipeline at the heating side of the heating water tank 6, so that the third stop valve 13 pipeline is communicated with the external water supply pipeline, the stored water in the water heating radiator 8 is discharged through the third stop valve 13 pipeline and the external water supply pipeline, the third stop valve 13 is closed after the stored water is drained, the three-way ball valve 15 is operated to close the external water supply pipeline, the heat transfer between the heating water tank 6 and the water heating radiator 8 is blocked, and the heat storage heating water tank 6 serves as a heat storage heating device of the heat exchanger 2 at the moment and utilizes the waste discharge of the air conditioning system 17 to dissipate the heat.
Under the spring and autumn transition working condition, the refrigeration cold load or the heating heat load of the air conditioning system 17 is lower, the heat transfer capacity of the heat exchanger 2 is reduced, the auxiliary heat dissipation effect is achieved, and the waste heat of the fuel cell 1 is mainly discharged by the radiator of the water cooling device.
Under the working condition in winter, the heat exchanger 2 recovers the rated working state, the heating device supplies heat through water heating, and the air conditioning system 17 supplies heat through air heating, and the heat is supplied to the carriage together. The three-way ball valve 15 is operated to close the heating side water outlet pipeline of the heating water tank 6, at the moment, the external water supply pipeline is communicated with the third stop valve 13, the third stop valve 13 is opened, the external water supply enters the water heating radiator 8, after the water heating radiator 8 is fully stored, the three-way ball valve 15 is operated to close the external water supply pipeline, the heating side water outlet pipeline of the heating water tank 6 is communicated with the third stop valve 13, the fourth stop valve 14 is opened, and the water heating heat supply circulation loop is established. The heating water circulating pump 9 drives the hot water in the heating water tank 6 to flow into the hot water radiator 8 and mix with the water stored in the hot water radiator 8, and the hot water radiator 8 stably outputs heat to the carriage after circulating for several times. The remaining fuel cell 1 waste heat is discharged by the water-cooled radiator 5.
In addition to the fuel cell heat exchange system, the present invention also provides a hydrogen energy tramcar including the fuel cell heat exchange system, and the structure of other parts of the hydrogen energy tramcar is referred to the prior art and is not described herein again.
The fuel cell heat exchange system and the hydrogen energy tram provided by the present invention are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The fuel cell heat exchange system is characterized by comprising a fuel cell (1), a cooling water channel of a heat exchanger (2), an expansion water tank (3), a cooling water circulating pump (4) and a water-cooling radiator (5) which are sequentially connected in series in a closed loop manner, and further comprising a waste heat recovery water channel, a heating water tank (6) and a waste heat recovery water circulating pump (7) of the heat exchanger (2) which are sequentially connected in series in a closed loop manner, wherein the heating water tank (6) is sequentially connected in series with a water heating radiator (8) and a heating water circulating pump (9) in a closed loop manner;
a first stop valve (10) is arranged between the heat exchanger (2) and the heating water tank (6), a second stop valve (11) is arranged between the heating water tank (6) and the waste heat-recovering water circulating pump (7), and a first pressure release valve (12) is arranged between the second stop valve (11) and the waste heat-recovering water circulating pump (7);
the heating water tank (6) comprises a recovery water inlet and a recovery water outlet which are communicated with the heat exchanger (2), and the heating water tank (6) also comprises a water heating water inlet and a water heating water outlet which are communicated with the water heating radiator (8);
a third stop valve (13) is arranged between the heating water tank (6) and the water heating radiator (8), a fourth stop valve (14) is arranged between the heating water tank (6) and the heating water circulating pump (9), a three-way ball valve (15) is arranged between the third stop valve (13) and the water heating water outlet, the three-way ball valve (15) is communicated with an external water supply pipeline, and a second pressure release valve (16) is arranged between the fourth stop valve (14) and the water heating water inlet;
under the working condition of summer, the heat exchanger (2) works in a rated heat transfer quantity state, the heating device stops heating, the fourth stop valve (14) is closed, the three-way ball valve (15) is operated to close the heating side water outlet pipeline of the heating water tank (6), the third stop valve (13) pipeline is communicated with the external water supply pipeline, the stored water in the water heating radiator (8) is discharged through the third stop valve (13) pipeline and the external water supply pipeline, the third stop valve (13) is closed after the stored water is emptied, the three-way ball valve (15) is operated to close the external water supply pipeline, the heat transfer between the heating water tank (6) and the water heating radiator (8) is blocked, the heating water tank (6) is used as a heat storage device of the heat exchanger (2), and the waste discharge of an air conditioning system (17) is utilized to radiate the heat;
under the spring and autumn transition working condition, the refrigerating and cooling load or the heating and heating load of the air conditioning system (17) is lower, the heat transfer capacity of the heat exchanger (2) is reduced, the auxiliary heat dissipation effect is achieved, and the waste heat of the fuel cell (1) is mainly discharged by a water cooling device radiator;
under the working condition in winter, the heat exchanger (2) recovers the rated working state, the heating device supplies heat through water heating, the air conditioning system (17) supplies heat through air heating, the carriage is heated together, the three-way ball valve (15) is operated to close the heating side water outlet pipeline of the heating water tank (6), the external water supply pipeline is communicated with the third stop valve (13) pipeline, the third stop valve (13) is opened, external water supply enters the water heating radiator (8), after the water heating radiator (8) is fully stored, the three-way ball valve (15) is operated to close the external water supply pipeline, the heating side water outlet pipeline of the heating water tank (6) is communicated with the third stop valve (13) pipeline, the fourth stop valve (14) is opened, the water heating circulation loop is established, the heating water circulation pump (9) drives the heating water tank (6) to heat into the water heating radiator (8), and the waste heat is stored and mixed with the water heating radiator (8), the water heating radiator (8) stably outputs heat to a carriage after circulating for a plurality of times, and the residual waste heat of the fuel cell (1) is discharged by the water cooling radiator (5).
2. The fuel cell heat exchange system according to claim 1, wherein a first temperature sensor (19) is provided between the fuel cell (1) and the heat exchanger (2), a second temperature sensor (20) is provided between the heat exchanger (2) and the expansion tank (3), a third temperature sensor (21) and a first pressure sensor (22) are provided between the water-cooled radiator (5) and the fuel cell (1), and the cooling water circulation pump (4), the water-cooled radiator (5) and each sensor are connected with a water-cooling device controller (23).
3. The fuel cell heat exchange system according to claim 2, wherein a fourth temperature sensor (24) is provided between the first cutoff valve (10) and the heating water tank (6), a fifth temperature sensor (25) is provided between the heating water tank (6) and the second cutoff valve (11), a second pressure sensor (26) is provided between the waste heat-recovering water circulation pump (7) and the heat exchanger (2), the waste heat-recovering water circulation pump (7), the first pressure release valve (12) and the sensors are connected to a waste heat recovery device controller (27), and the water cooler controller (23) and the waste heat recovery device controller (27) are connected in communication.
4. The fuel cell heat exchange system according to claim 3, wherein a sixth temperature sensor (28) is arranged between the three-way ball valve (15) and the third stop valve (13), a third pressure sensor (29) is arranged between the fourth stop valve (14) and the water heating inlet of the heating water tank (6), and the heating water circulating pump (9), the third stop valve (13), the fourth stop valve (14), the three-way ball valve (15), the second pressure release valve (16) and the sensors are connected with a heating device controller (30).
5. The fuel cell heat exchange system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heating water tank (6) is installed on the top of a vehicle body, waste cooling air of an air conditioning system (17) enters from both sides of the bottom of the heating water tank (6), an installation tank is provided outside the heating water tank (6), and cooling fans (18) are provided on both sides of the installation tank.
6. The fuel cell heat exchange system according to claim 5, further comprising an air conditioning system controller (31) and a cabin ambient temperature sensor (32), wherein the heat dissipation fan (18) and the cabin ambient temperature sensor (32) are connected to the heater controller (30), and the cabin ambient temperature sensor (32) is connected to the air conditioning system controller (31).
7. A hydrogen powered tramcar comprising a fuel cell heat exchange system, characterized in that the fuel cell heat exchange system is embodied as a fuel cell heat exchange system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN112086666A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-15 | 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 | Control method and control system of fuel cell power generation system |
| CN112786916A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-05-11 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Fuel cell water and heat production utilization system, rail transit vehicle and method |
| CN113771591A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-10 | 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 | Vehicle waste heat recovery system |
| CN115333329B (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2023-04-07 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Double-evaporation condensation circulating hydrogen energy aircraft high-temperature superconducting motor cooling device and method |
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