CN115133066A - Fuel cell automobile and refrigerating and heating integrated thermal management system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell automobile and refrigerating and heating integrated thermal management system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115133066A CN115133066A CN202110335443.6A CN202110335443A CN115133066A CN 115133066 A CN115133066 A CN 115133066A CN 202110335443 A CN202110335443 A CN 202110335443A CN 115133066 A CN115133066 A CN 115133066A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
- B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
- B60L58/34—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04731—Temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell automobile and a cooling and heating integrated thermal management system and a control method thereof, belonging to the field of fuel cell automobiles. The first channel of a first heat exchanger of the system is connected in series in a motor and motor controller cooling liquid circulation branch, and the first channel of a second heat exchanger is connected in series in a fuel cell cooling liquid circulation branch; the waste heat utilization circulation branch comprises a refrigeration branch and a heating branch which are connected in parallel, the refrigeration branch is formed by connecting a first two-way valve and an absorption refrigeration air conditioner in series, and the heating branch is formed by connecting a second two-way valve and an in-vehicle water heating radiator module in series; and the cooling liquid passing through the absorption type refrigerating air conditioner and the water heating radiator module in the vehicle flows through the second channel of the first heat exchanger and/or the second channel of the second heat exchanger under the action of the water pump and then enters the refrigerating branch or the heating branch. The system can fully utilize various residual heat of the vehicle and has the functions of refrigeration and heating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fuel cell vehicle and a cooling and heating integrated thermal management system and a control method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fuel cell vehicles.
Background
The fuel cell system/engine on the fuel cell car includes fuel cell galvanic pile and fuel cell auxiliary system, can normally work under the condition of external hydrogen source, the fuel cell auxiliary system mainly includes: cooling systems, hydrogen systems, air systems, electrical systems, control systems, and the like.
The fuel cell automobile can generate a large amount of waste heat in the running process, wherein the waste heat comprises the waste heat of a fuel cell, the waste heat of a motor and a motor controller and other waste heat of the whole automobile; the fuel cell waste heat is the largest source of waste heat of the fuel cell vehicle, and the fuel cell generates a large amount of heat, i.e., waste heat or waste heat, in the process of generating electricity through electrochemical reaction. For a hydrogen fuel cell, its electrical efficiency is about 50%, i.e. the fuel cell generates 1kW of electricity per 1kW of electricity and 1kW of waste heat concomitantly. For a fuel cell automobile, if the average electric power of the fuel cell is 30kW, the remaining heat is also 30 kW. The temperature of the waste heat of the fuel cell is 60-80 ℃. The vast majority of the waste heat generated by current fuel cells is transferred to the environment by two routes: a. the cooling liquid is taken out of the fuel cell and then is dissipated by the radiator; b. the fuel cell exhaust gas contains a large amount of water vapor, which contains much latent heat, by directly discharging the exhaust gas into the atmosphere. (2) The waste heat of the motor and the motor controller is the second major waste heat source of the fuel cell automobile, when the motor and the motor controller work, the electric efficiency can not reach 100%, the rest electric energy is converted into heat energy, for the fuel cell passenger car, the waste heat quantity of the common motor and the motor controller is about 15kW, and the waste heat temperature of the motor and the controller is 60-100 ℃. (3) Other waste heat of the whole vehicle, the fuel cell vehicle and other waste heat sources, such as the fuel cell air compressor + DC/DC waste heat, the power battery waste heat and the like, are less compared with the fuel cell waste heat and the waste heat of the motor and the motor controller.
The summer cooling and the winter heating of the existing fuel cell automobile are realized by the following modes: (1) refrigeration in summer is realized through an electric vehicle-mounted air conditioner, and the specific refrigeration principle is traditional compression refrigeration; (2) heating in winter is realized by an electric vehicle-mounted air conditioner or electric heating, and the heating principle of the electric vehicle-mounted air conditioner is a heat pump principle, namely the reverse process of compression type refrigeration; the electric heater is PTC electric heating and directly heats air. The refrigeration and heating mode has the following defects: the passenger compartment can consume a large amount of electric quantity for refrigerating in summer and heating in winter, the energy consumption of the whole vehicle can be greatly increased, and the driving range of the vehicle can be shortened. In addition, waste heat of components such as the fuel cell, the motor controller and the like is not utilized and is directly discharged into the ambient air, which causes energy waste.
At present, a method for realizing refrigeration by using waste heat is also available, for example, an absorption refrigeration system is used for refrigeration, and the absorption refrigeration system mainly has the following characteristics: (1) the heat energy such as waste heat, waste gas and the like is mainly used as an energy source, so that the energy consumption can be greatly reduced; (2) water is used as a refrigerant, so that the environment is protected; (3) the system power can be adjusted within the range of 30-100%, the refrigeration power adjustment range is wide, and the system can be suitable for various heat sources. Chinese patent application publication No. CN109458750A discloses a lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system using motor electric control waste heat and fuel cell waste heat, which enters a heat exchanger by parallel connection of the motor electric control waste heat and the fuel cell waste heat, and transfers heat to an absorption refrigeration air conditioner to realize refrigeration. Because there is the temperature difference in automatically controlled waste heat of motor and fuel cell waste heat, this patent introduces same heat exchanger with these two kinds of waste heat through parallelly connected mode, can lead to the vehicle waste heat utilization not abundant, and waste heat utilization efficiency is low, and in addition, this patent can only realize waste heat refrigeration, can not realize waste heat heating, and in addition, this patent can't realize fuel cell tail gas waste heat utilization, does not also refrigerate, heats integration and control to do not carry out meticulous management and control to the waste heat utilization process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell automobile, and a cooling and heating integrated thermal management system and a control method thereof, which can fully utilize various waste heat of the automobile, improve the utilization rate of the waste heat, and realize both waste heat cooling and waste heat heating.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a cooling and heating integrated thermal management system, including: the system comprises a controller, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a waste heat generation circulation branch and a waste heat utilization circulation branch, wherein the waste heat generation circulation branch at least comprises a motor, a motor controller cooling liquid circulation branch and a fuel cell cooling liquid circulation branch;
the first channel of the first heat exchanger is connected in series in a motor and motor controller cooling liquid circulation branch, and the first channel of the second heat exchanger is connected in series in a fuel cell cooling liquid circulation branch;
the waste heat utilization circulation branch comprises a refrigeration branch and a heating branch which are connected in parallel, the refrigeration branch is formed by connecting a first two-way valve and an absorption refrigeration air conditioner in series, and the heating branch is formed by connecting a second two-way valve and an in-vehicle water heating radiator module in series; the cooling liquid passing through the absorption type refrigerating air conditioner and the water heating radiator module in the vehicle flows through the second channel of the first heat exchanger and/or the second channel of the second heat exchanger under the action of the water pump and then enters the refrigerating branch or the heating branch; a first temperature sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the water pump, and second temperature sensors are arranged on inlet pipelines of the refrigerating branch and the heating branch;
the controller is connected with the absorption refrigeration air conditioner, the in-vehicle water heating radiator module, the water pump and the temperature sensors in a control mode.
The invention also provides a fuel cell automobile which comprises an automobile body and the refrigeration and heating integrated thermal management system.
The fuel cell automobile and the cooling and heating integrated heat management system thereof have the beneficial effects that: the refrigeration and heating integrated heat management system utilizes two heat exchangers to realize waste heat utilization, wherein one heat exchanger is used for realizing the waste heat utilization of the motor and the motor controller, and the other heat exchanger is used for realizing the waste heat utilization of the fuel cell, so that various waste heat of a vehicle can be fully utilized, and the waste heat utilization rate is improved; meanwhile, the waste heat utilization circulation branch comprises a refrigeration branch and a heating branch which are connected in parallel, and switching between waste heat refrigeration and waste heat heating can be realized by controlling the flow direction of cooling liquid in the waste heat utilization circulation branch, so that the refrigeration and heating integrated heat management system can realize both waste heat refrigeration and waste heat heating.
In order to realize the utilization of the waste heat of the tail gas of the fuel cell engine and further improve the utilization rate of the waste heat, in the fuel cell automobile and the refrigeration and heating integrated heat management system thereof, the second heat exchanger is a three-channel heat exchanger, a third channel of the second heat exchanger is communicated with a tail gas discharge pipeline of the fuel cell engine, and the tail gas discharge direction is opposite to the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the waste heat utilization circulation branch.
Further, in the fuel cell vehicle and the cooling and heating integrated thermal management system thereof, a second channel of the first heat exchanger is connected in series with a second channel of the second heat exchanger; the outlets of the refrigerating branch and the heating branch are connected with the inlet of a water pump, the outlet of the water pump is connected with the inlet of a second heat exchanger channel, the outlet of the second heat exchanger channel is connected with the inlet of a second heat exchanger channel, and the outlet of the second heat exchanger channel is connected with the inlet of a refrigerating branch and the inlet of a heating branch.
The beneficial effects of doing so are: the second channel of the first heat exchanger is connected with the second channel of the second heat exchanger in series, the characteristic that the waste heat temperature of the motor and the motor controller is higher than that of the fuel cell can be fully utilized, the cooling liquid in the waste heat utilization circulation branch passes through the second heat exchanger to exchange heat with the cooling liquid of the fuel cell and then passes through the first heat exchanger to exchange heat with the cooling liquid of the motor and the motor controller, the temperature difference is guaranteed to be available, heat can be exchanged, various waste heat can be fully utilized, and the waste heat utilization rate is improved.
Further, in the fuel cell vehicle and the cooling and heating integrated thermal management system thereof, the waste heat utilization circulation branch further comprises a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve, a first cooling liquid pipeline and a second cooling liquid pipeline; the outlet of the water pump is connected with the inlet of a second heat exchanger channel II, the outlet of the second heat exchanger channel II is connected with the first inlet of a second three-way valve, the outlet of the second three-way valve is connected with the inlet of a second first heat exchanger channel II, the outlet of the first heat exchanger channel II is connected with the first inlet of a first three-way valve, and the outlet of the first three-way valve is connected with the inlets of a refrigerating branch and a heating branch; the outlet of the water pump is also connected with a second inlet of the second three-way valve through a second cooling liquid pipeline, and the outlet of the second three-way valve is also connected with a second inlet of the first three-way valve through a first cooling liquid pipeline; and a third temperature sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the second three-way valve, and the controller is also in control connection with the third temperature sensor.
The beneficial effects of doing so are: through setting up first three-way valve, second three-way valve, first coolant liquid pipeline and second coolant liquid pipeline, can the accurate control waste heat utilization circulation branch road in coolant liquid's flow direction and flow, can carry out the fine management and control to the waste heat utilization process.
Further, in the fuel cell vehicle and the cooling and heating integrated thermal management system thereof, a second channel of the first heat exchanger is connected in parallel with a second channel of the second heat exchanger; the outlet of the second first heat exchanger channel is connected with the outlet of the second heat exchanger channel in parallel and then connected with the inlets of the refrigerating branch and the heating branch, the inlet of the second first heat exchanger channel is connected with the inlet of the second heat exchanger channel in parallel and then connected with the outlet of the water pump, and the inlet of the water pump is connected with the outlets of the refrigerating branch and the heating branch.
The beneficial effects of doing so are: the second channel of the first heat exchanger is connected with the second channel of the second heat exchanger in parallel, and another implementation mode can be provided for waste heat utilization.
Further, in the fuel cell vehicle and the integrated cooling and heating thermal management system thereof, the waste heat utilization circulation branch further comprises a third three-way valve, a fourth three-way valve, a third cooling liquid pipeline and a fourth cooling liquid pipeline; the outlet of the third three-way valve is connected with the outlets of the fourth three-way valve in parallel and then connected with the inlets of the refrigerating branch and the heating branch, the first inlet of the third three-way valve is connected with the outlet of the second first heat exchanger channel, and the second inlet of the third three-way valve is connected with the outlet of the water pump through a third cooling liquid pipeline; a first inlet of the fourth three-way valve is connected with an outlet of the second heat exchanger channel II, and a second inlet of the fourth three-way valve is connected with an outlet of the water pump through a fourth cooling liquid pipeline; and a fourth temperature sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the third three-way valve, a fifth temperature sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the fourth three-way valve, and the controller is also in control connection with the fourth temperature sensor and the fifth temperature sensor.
The beneficial effects of doing so are: through setting up third three-way valve, fourth three-way valve, third coolant liquid pipeline and fourth coolant liquid pipeline, can the accurate control waste heat utilization circulation branch road in coolant liquid's flow direction and flow, can carry out the fine management and control to the waste heat utilization process.
The invention also provides a control method of the refrigeration and heating integrated thermal management system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining a target control temperature of a vehicle, and determining whether the current control mode of the cooling and heating integrated thermal management system is a cooling mode or a heating mode according to the target control temperature;
(2) when the refrigeration device is in a refrigeration mode, controlling the refrigeration branch to be conducted and the heating branch to be closed, calculating the residual heat quantity required by the current refrigeration, the available residual heat quantity of the current fuel cell, the available residual heat quantity of the current motor and the motor controller, the actual residual heat utilization quantity of the current fuel cell and the actual residual heat utilization quantity of the current motor and the motor controller in real time, and realizing the residual heat refrigeration by controlling the flow direction of cooling liquid in the residual heat utilization circulation branch by taking the residual heat quantity required by the current refrigeration as a control target;
(3) when the heating device is in a heating mode, the heating branch is controlled to be conducted, the refrigerating branch is controlled to be closed, the residual heat quantity required by current heating, the available residual heat quantity of the current fuel cell, the available residual heat quantity of the current motor and the motor controller, the actual residual heat utilization quantity of the current fuel cell and the actual residual heat utilization quantity of the current motor and the motor controller are calculated in real time, the residual heat quantity required by the current heating is taken as a control target, and the residual heat heating is realized by controlling the flow direction of cooling liquid in the residual heat utilization circulating branch.
The control method of the refrigeration and heating integrated heat management system has the beneficial effects that: the method can realize the integrated control of the refrigeration and heating integrated heat management system.
Further, in the control method of the cooling and heating integrated thermal management system, the process of implementing waste heat cooling includes: if the residual heat quantity required by the current refrigeration is less than or equal to the available residual heat quantity of the current fuel cell, only using the residual heat of the fuel cell during the residual heat refrigeration, and controlling the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the residual heat utilization circulation branch according to the deviation between the residual heat quantity required by the current refrigeration and the actual residual heat utilization quantity of the current fuel cell to realize the residual heat refrigeration; if the available quantity of the residual heat of the current fuel cell is less than the available quantity of the residual heat of the current fuel cell, the available quantity of the residual heat of the current refrigeration is less than or equal to the available quantity of the residual heat of the current fuel cell plus the available quantity of the residual heat of the current motor and motor controller, the residual heat of the fuel cell and the residual heat of the motor and motor controller are simultaneously utilized during residual heat refrigeration, wherein the residual heat of the fuel cell is completely used, the flow direction of cooling liquid in a residual heat utilization circulation branch is controlled according to the deviation between the available quantity of the residual heat of the current refrigeration and the actual utilization quantity of the current residual heat to realize the residual heat refrigeration, and the actual utilization quantity of the current residual heat is equal to the actual utilization quantity of the residual heat of the current fuel cell plus the actual utilization quantity of the residual heat of the current motor and motor controller;
the process of realizing waste heat heating comprises the following steps: if the residual heat quantity required by the current heating is less than or equal to the available residual heat quantity of the current fuel cell, only using the residual heat of the fuel cell when performing the residual heat heating, and controlling the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the residual heat utilization circulation branch according to the deviation between the residual heat quantity required by the current heating and the actual residual heat utilization quantity of the current fuel cell to realize the residual heat heating; and if the available quantity of the residual heat of the current fuel cell is less than the available quantity of the residual heat needed by the current heating and is less than or equal to the available quantity of the residual heat of the current fuel cell plus the available quantity of the residual heat of the current motor and motor controller, simultaneously utilizing the residual heat of the fuel cell and the residual heat of the motor and motor controller, wherein the residual heat of the fuel cell is completely used, and controlling the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the residual heat utilization circulation branch circuit to realize the residual heat heating according to the deviation between the available quantity of the residual heat needed by the current heating and the actual utilization quantity of the current residual heat.
Further, in the control method of the cooling and heating integrated thermal management system, the available amount of the residual heat of the fuel cell is equal to the available amount of the residual heat of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell, or the available amount of the residual heat of the fuel cell is equal to the available amount of the residual heat of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell plus the available amount of the residual heat of the tail gas of the engine of the fuel cell.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling and heating integrated thermal management system in a vehicle embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a control method for a cooling and heating integrated thermal management system in an embodiment of a vehicle according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1 is a fuel cell engine, 2 is a motor and a motor controller, 3 is a two-channel heat exchanger, 4 is a three-channel heat exchanger, 5 is an absorption refrigeration air conditioner, 6 is a water heating radiator module in a vehicle, 7 is a first electric control three-way valve, 8 is a second electric control three-way valve, 9 is a first electric control two-way valve, 10 is a second electric control two-way valve, 11 is a fuel cell radiator, 12 is a motor and motor controller radiator, 13 is a motor and motor controller circulating water pump, 14 is a fuel cell circulating water pump, 15 is a waste heat utilization circulating water pump, 16 is a tail gas discharge pipeline for connecting the fuel cell engine and the three-channel heat exchanger, 17 is a tail gas discharge pipeline for connecting atmosphere, 18 is an air conditioner controller, 19 is a bypass pipeline of the two- channel heat exchanger 3, 20 is a bypass pipeline of the three- channel heat exchanger 4, 21, 22, 23 are all temperature sensors.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The embodiment of the vehicle is as follows:
the fuel cell automobile of this embodiment includes vehicle body and the integrated thermal management system that heats of refrigerating, wherein, the integrated thermal management system that heats of refrigerating is as shown in fig. 1, and this system includes air conditioner controller 18 (being the controller), two passageway heat exchangers 3 (being the first heat exchanger), three passageway heat exchangers 4 (being the second heat exchanger), waste heat production circulation branch and waste heat utilization circulation branch, and waste heat production circulation branch includes: the system comprises a motor and motor controller cooling liquid circulation branch, a fuel cell cooling liquid circulation branch and a fuel cell engine tail gas emission branch (although the tail gas emission branch does not form a circulation, the tail gas emission branch can be regarded as a circulation branch as the tail gas is always generated in the working process of the fuel cell engine).
The motor and motor controller cooling liquid circulation branch comprises a motor and motor controller 2, a motor and motor controller circulating water pump 13, a two-channel heat exchanger 3 and a motor and motor controller radiator 12 which are sequentially connected in series;
the fuel cell cooling liquid circulation branch comprises a fuel cell engine 1, a fuel cell circulating water pump 14, a three-channel heat exchanger 4 and a fuel cell radiator 11 which are sequentially connected in series;
the fuel cell engine tail gas emission branch comprises a tail gas emission pipeline 16 for communicating the fuel cell engine with the three-channel heat exchanger and a tail gas emission pipeline 17 for communicating the atmosphere;
the first channel of the two-channel heat exchanger 3 is connected in series in a cooling liquid circulation branch of the motor and the motor controller, the first channel of the three-channel heat exchanger 4 is connected in series in a cooling liquid circulation branch of the fuel cell, and the third channel of the three-channel heat exchanger 4 is communicated with a tail gas discharge pipeline 16 and a tail gas discharge pipeline 17 (namely communicated with a tail gas discharge pipeline of the fuel cell engine);
the waste heat utilization circulation branch comprises a refrigeration branch and a heating branch which are connected in parallel, the refrigeration branch is formed by connecting a first electric control two-way valve 9 (namely a first two-way valve) and an absorption refrigeration air conditioner 5 in series, and the heating branch is formed by connecting a second electric control two-way valve 10 (namely a second two-way valve) and an in-vehicle water heating radiator module 6 in series; the cooling liquid passing through the absorption type refrigeration air conditioner 5 and the in-vehicle water heating radiator module 6 flows through the second channel of the first heat exchanger and/or the second channel of the second heat exchanger under the action of a waste heat utilization circulating water pump 15 (hereinafter referred to as a third water pump) and then enters a refrigeration branch or a heating branch (when the cooling mode is adopted, the cooling liquid in the waste heat utilization circulating branch completely flows out of the absorption type refrigeration air conditioner and then flows into the refrigeration branch, and when the heating mode is adopted, the cooling liquid in the waste heat utilization circulating branch completely flows out of the in-vehicle water heating radiator module and then flows into the heating branch);
the waste heat utilization circulation branch further comprises a first electric control three-way valve 7 (namely, a first three-way valve), a second electric control three-way valve 8 (namely, a second three-way valve), a bypass pipeline 19 (namely, a first cooling liquid pipeline) of the two-channel heat exchanger 3 and a bypass pipeline 20 (namely, a second cooling liquid pipeline) of the three-channel heat exchanger 4; outlets of the refrigerating branch and the heating branch are connected with inlets of a third water pump, an outlet of the third water pump is connected with an inlet of a second heat exchanger channel, an outlet of the second heat exchanger channel is connected with a first inlet of a second three-way valve, an outlet of the second three-way valve is connected with an inlet of a first heat exchanger channel, an outlet of the first heat exchanger channel is connected with a first inlet of a first three-way valve, and an outlet of the first three-way valve is connected with inlets of the refrigerating branch and the heating branch; the outlet of the water pump is also connected with a second inlet of the second three-way valve through a second cooling liquid pipeline, and the outlet of the second three-way valve is also connected with a second inlet of the first three-way valve through a first cooling liquid pipeline;
a first temperature sensor (namely, a temperature sensor 21) is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the third water pump, a second temperature sensor (namely, a temperature sensor 23) is arranged on an inlet pipeline of the refrigerating branch and the heating branch, and a third temperature sensor (namely, a temperature sensor 22) is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the second three-way valve;
the air conditioner controller 18 is connected with the absorption refrigeration air conditioner 5, the in-vehicle water heating radiator module 6, the third water pump, the valves and the temperature sensors in a control mode.
The functions of each device in the cooling and heating integrated thermal management system are described in detail below, and for simplicity of description, the names of each device in the system are replaced with corresponding numbers.
In the cooling and heating integrated thermal management system of the embodiment, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 21, 22, 23 and 18 are connected by control lines, 16 and 17 are fuel cell engine exhaust emission pipelines, and all other connecting lines (including 19 and 20) are cooling liquid pipelines. Wherein, the coolant flow direction in the fuel cell coolant circulation branch is: 1 → 14 → 4 → 11 → 1, the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the motor and motor controller cooling liquid circulation branch is: 2 → 13 → 3 → 12 → 2, the exhaust gas flow direction in the exhaust gas discharge branch of the fuel cell engine is: 1 → 16 → 4 → 17, the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the waste heat utilization circulation branch is divided into a plurality of types according to actual conditions, and the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the waste heat utilization circulation branch when in the cooling mode includes: 15 → 4 and 20 → 19 → 9 → 5 → 15 (coolant flows partly through 4 and not through 3), 15 → 4 → 3 and 19 → 9 → 5 → 15 (coolant flows partly through 4 and then partly through 3), 15 → 4 → 3 → 9 → 5 → 15 (coolant flows partly through 4 and then entirely through 3); the flow of the coolant in the waste heat utilization circulation branch when in the heating mode includes: 15 → 4 and 20 → 19 → 10 → 6 → 15, 15 → 4 → 3 and 19 → 10 → 6 → 15, 15 → 4 → 3 → 10 → 6 → 15.
The motor and the motor controller cooling liquid are connected into the two-channel heat exchanger 3, so that the waste heat of the motor and the motor controller can be transferred to the waste heat utilization circulation branch; by connecting the fuel cell cooling liquid and the fuel cell tail exhaust gas into the three-channel heat exchanger 4, the waste heat in the fuel cell cooling liquid and the tail exhaust gas can be transferred to the waste heat utilization circulation branch, and the fuel cell cooling liquid and the tail exhaust gas have low heat interaction because the temperatures of the fuel cell cooling liquid and the tail exhaust gas are close to each other, and the heat is mainly transferred to the waste heat utilization circulation with lower temperature.
In this embodiment, 3 and 4 are established ties, according to spare part temperature characteristic, because of the cooling liquid temperature is higher than fuel cell coolant temperature among motor and the machine controller, consequently the coolant liquid in the waste heat utilization circulation branch road passes through 4 earlier, then passes through 3, can ensure that there is the difference in temperature to exchange the heat, can the multiple waste heat of make full use of, improves waste heat utilization efficiency.
The absorption refrigeration air conditioner 5 can utilize waste heat for refrigeration, the produced cold air is transmitted to the passenger compartment through the air channel, the in-vehicle water-heating radiator module 6 can utilize the waste heat for heating, and when the cooling liquid in the waste heat utilization circulation branch flows through the in-vehicle water-heating radiator module, the heat radiation fan directly transmits heat to the passenger compartment.
7. And 8, an electric control three-way valve is a two-way inlet and one-way outlet, the sum of the two-way inlet flows is outlet flow, and if one of the two-way inlet flows is increased, the other flow is reduced in the same proportion. The bypass lines 19 and 20 can bypass the bypass lines 3 and 4 respectively, and the flow rates of the cooling liquid entering the bypass lines 3 and 4 in the waste heat utilization circulation branch lines can be controlled through the bypass lines 7 and 8, so that the waste heat utilization process is finely managed and controlled, for example, if the waste heat utilization amount needs to be reduced, the bypass lines 7 and 8 are controlled to enable more flow rates to pass through the bypass lines 19 and 20.
9. The 10 is an electric control two-way valve which is a stop valve and only has two states of opening and closing.
And 15, a waste heat utilization circulating water pump for providing power for waste heat utilization circulation, wherein the water pump is a fixed-frequency water pump and works at a constant rotating speed after being electrified.
18 is an air conditioner controller, in this embodiment, the whole vehicle refrigeration requirement and the heating requirement are uniformly managed by the air conditioner controller, the air conditioner controller receives a driver instruction through an air conditioner control panel, and then the heating or refrigeration process is automatically executed and managed according to a built-in program. In this embodiment, the cooling and heating integrated management is realized by the air conditioner controller, and as another embodiment, a special controller may be provided to realize these functions.
21. 22, 23 collect in real time the coolant temperatures at the respective locations, the collected temperature values being represented by T3, T4, T5, respectively, and transmit the temperature values to the controller 18.
Based on the above refrigeration and heating integrated thermal management system, the control method of the refrigeration and heating integrated thermal management system of the embodiment is, as shown in fig. 2, by controlling the on/off of the refrigeration branch and the heating branch, so that the cooling liquid in the waste heat utilization circulation branch flows only in the refrigeration branch or only in the heating branch, and the switching between the waste heat refrigeration and the waste heat heating is realized; calculating the heat/cold quantity required by heating/refrigerating in real time according to the actual temperature in the vehicle and the target control temperature of the vehicle, and converting the heat/cold quantity required in the vehicle into the required waste heat quantity (target value) according to the energy efficiency ratio; calculating the residual heat quantity (actual value) actually obtained from the fuel cell, the motor and the motor controller in real time according to the temperature and the flow of the cooling liquid at the residual heat utilization side; performing PID control on the electric control three-way valve based on comparison between the target value and the actual value of the waste heat, and controlling the actual value of the waste heat utilization amount in real time by adjusting the flow of the cooling liquid entering the heat exchanger; the waste heat available amount of the fuel cell, the motor and the motor controller is monitored in real time, the gradual investment of two waste heat sources is intelligently controlled according to the vehicle requirements, and the maximum utilization of the vehicle waste heat is realized.
The fuel cell cooling liquid circulation branch, the motor and the water pump and the radiator of the motor controller cooling liquid circulation branch are controlled by each system, work is carried out according to the existing strategy, the working state and the relevant parameters are only required to be uploaded to a vehicle CAN network, and then the working state and the relevant parameters are read and analyzed by 18.
The heating mode and the cooling mode are described in detail below with reference to fig. 2:
heating mode
(1) The waste heat utilization circulating water pump 15 is started, the cooling liquid starts to circulate, and the cooling liquid completely flows through the in-vehicle water heating radiator module 6 to supply heat to the carriage;
(2) the air conditioner controller 18 calculates the available residual heat Q1 of the fuel cell, the available residual heat Q2 of the motor and the motor controller, the required heating quantity Q4 (equal to the required residual heat quantity), the actual residual heat Q6 of the fuel cell and the actual residual heat Q7 of the motor and the motor controller in real time;
(3) if Q4 is not more than Q1, the available residual heat of the fuel cell is sufficient, only the residual heat of the fuel cell is utilized during heating (the specific use is realized by PID control of 8), and the residual heat of the motor and the motor controller is not used (control 7, so that cooling liquid flows through 19 and does not pass through 3);
if Q1 is more than Q4 and less than or equal to Q1+ Q2, the waste heat of the fuel cell and the waste heat of the motor and the motor controller are used simultaneously during heating, the available waste heat of the fuel cell is used completely (control 8, so that cooling liquid flows through 4 completely), and the waste heat of the motor and the motor controller is used partially (the specific use is realized by PID control of 7);
if Q1+ Q2 < Q4, it indicates that the residual heat amount of the heating requirement is > fuel cell residual heat available amount + motor and motor controller residual heat available amount, and at this time, both of them need to be put into use, and combined with other heating modules in the vehicle compartment to heat the vehicle compartment together (for example, heating modules such as electric heating sheets in the vehicle compartment are used for heating).
The PID control is described by taking the PID control of 8 as an example (the PID control of 7 is the same as that): q4 is the target value of 8 controls (to prevent frequent changes, updated/changed once every t1, the size of t1 is set according to actual needs), Q6 is the actual value calculated in real time, and it is necessary to control 8 to make Q6 close to or equal to Q4. If Q6 is less than or equal to Q4, if the difference between the two is large (P), larger and larger (I) and the increasing speed is faster and faster (D), more cooling liquid is controlled to flow through 4, and the actual utilization amount of the waste heat Q6 is increased; if Q6 is larger than Q4, if the difference between the two is large (P), larger and larger (I) and the increasing speed is faster and faster (D), more cooling liquid flow is controlled to flow through the bypass pipeline 19 of the cooling liquid flow control device 4, and the actual utilization amount of waste heat Q6 is reduced.
Second, refrigeration mode
(1) The waste heat utilization circulating water pump 15 is started, the cooling liquid starts to circulate, and all the cooling liquid flows through the absorption type refrigeration air conditioner 5 to refrigerate the carriage;
(2) the air conditioner controller 18 calculates the available residual heat Q1 of the fuel cell, the available residual heat Q2 of the motor and the motor controller, the residual heat Q5 required by refrigeration, the actual residual heat utilization Q6 of the fuel cell and the actual residual heat utilization Q7 of the motor and the motor controller in real time;
(3) if Q5 is not more than Q1, the available waste heat of the fuel cell is sufficient, the waste heat of the fuel cell is only used during refrigeration (specifically, the amount of the waste heat is controlled by PID 8), and the waste heat of the motor and the motor controller is not used (control 7, so that cooling liquid flows through 19 and does not pass through 3);
if Q1 is more than Q5 and less than or equal to Q1+ Q2, the waste heat of the fuel cell and the waste heat of the motor and the motor controller are used simultaneously during refrigeration, the waste heat of the fuel cell is used completely (control 8, so that cooling liquid flows through 4 completely), and the waste heat of the motor and the motor controller is used partially (the specific use is realized by PID control of 7);
if Q1+ Q2 < Q5, the residual heat quantity of the refrigeration requirement is larger than the residual heat available quantity of the fuel cell and the residual heat available quantity of the motor and the motor controller, at the moment, the two are required to be used, and the refrigeration module is combined with other refrigeration modules in the compartment to refrigerate the compartment together (for example, the refrigeration module such as a fan in the compartment is used for refrigeration).
The PID control principles of 7 and 8 are the same.
The related parameters and the calculation description related to the control method of the refrigeration and heating integrated thermal management system of the embodiment are detailed in table 1:
TABLE 1 description of parameters and calculation Table
In this embodiment, the second heat exchanger is a three-channel heat exchanger, and can provide the residual heat of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell and the residual heat of the tail gas of the engine of the fuel cell at the same time, so that when the available amount of the residual heat of the fuel cell is calculated, the available amount of the residual heat of the fuel cell is equal to the available amount of the residual heat of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell plus the available amount of the tail gas of the engine of the fuel cell; in another embodiment, hardware related to exhaust gas waste heat utilization in the system may be eliminated, and the second heat exchanger is replaced by a two-channel heat exchanger, so that only the fuel cell coolant waste heat is provided, and when the fuel cell waste heat available amount is calculated, the fuel cell waste heat available amount is equal to the fuel cell coolant waste heat available amount.
In the embodiment, the two-way heat exchanger 3 and the three-way heat exchanger 4 are in a series connection mode, and the cooling liquid in the waste heat utilization circulation branch passes through the three-way heat exchanger 4 and then passes through the two-way heat exchanger 3, so that the waste heat of the fuel cell can be utilized firstly, and then the waste heat of the motor and the motor controller can be utilized, and the waste heat utilization rate of the vehicle is improved; as another embodiment, the two-way heat exchanger 3 and the three-way heat exchanger 4 may be changed to be in parallel connection, and the connection method at this time includes two types: (1) the outlet of the second channel of the two-way heat exchanger 3 is connected with the outlet of the second channel of the three-way heat exchanger 4 in parallel and then is connected with the inlets of the refrigerating branch and the heating branch, the inlet of the second channel of the two-way heat exchanger 3 is connected with the inlet of the second channel of the three-way heat exchanger 4 in parallel and then is connected with the outlet of a third water pump, and the inlet of the third water pump is connected with the outlets of the refrigerating branch and the heating branch; (2) an outlet of the third three-way valve is connected with an outlet of the fourth three-way valve in parallel and then is connected with inlets of the refrigerating branch and the heating branch, a first inlet of the third three-way valve is connected with an outlet of a second channel of the two-way heat exchanger 3, and a second inlet of the third three-way valve is connected with an outlet of a third water pump through a third cooling liquid pipeline; a first inlet of the fourth three-way valve is connected with an outlet of a channel II of the three-way heat exchanger 4, and a second inlet of the fourth three-way valve is connected with an outlet of the third water pump through a fourth cooling liquid pipeline; and a fourth temperature sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the third three-way valve, a fifth temperature sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the fourth three-way valve, and the controller is also in control connection with the fourth temperature sensor and the fifth temperature sensor.
In summary, the cooling and heating integrated thermal management system and the control method thereof of the embodiment have the following advantages:
(1) the waste heat available amount of the fuel cell, the motor and the motor controller is monitored in real time, and the gradual investment of two waste heat sources is intelligently controlled according to the vehicle requirements; the actual utilization amount of the waste heat is calculated and monitored in real time, the value is fed back to the fuel cell, the motor and the motor controller, corresponding measures are made, the influence of the waste heat utilization on the self heat management of the two waste heat sources can be reduced to the maximum degree, in addition, the waste heat can be utilized to the maximum degree according to the requirement, the heating energy consumption of the whole vehicle is reduced, and the driving range of the vehicle is increased.
(2) The system has the advantages that the waste heat utilization is accurately controlled, the whole integrated heat management system can operate orderly and stably, particularly, the mutual switching between waste heat refrigeration and heating is realized by setting a plurality of three-way valves and a two-way valve combined control method, and the real-time and accurate adjustment of the waste heat utilization amount is realized by PID adjustment of the three-way valves.
The embodiment of the system is as follows:
the cooling and heating integrated thermal management system in this embodiment is the same as the cooling and heating integrated thermal management system in the vehicle embodiment, and details are not described here.
The method comprises the following steps:
the control method of the cooling and heating integrated thermal management system in this embodiment is the same as the control method of the cooling and heating integrated thermal management system in the vehicle embodiment, and details are not described here.
Claims (10)
1. A refrigeration and heating integrated thermal management system, comprising: the system comprises a controller, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a waste heat generation circulation branch and a waste heat utilization circulation branch, wherein the waste heat generation circulation branch at least comprises a motor, a motor controller cooling liquid circulation branch and a fuel cell cooling liquid circulation branch;
the first channel of the first heat exchanger is connected in series in a motor and motor controller cooling liquid circulation branch, and the first channel of the second heat exchanger is connected in series in a fuel cell cooling liquid circulation branch;
the waste heat utilization circulation branch comprises a refrigeration branch and a heating branch which are connected in parallel, the refrigeration branch is formed by connecting a first two-way valve and an absorption refrigeration air conditioner in series, and the heating branch is formed by connecting a second two-way valve and an in-vehicle water heating radiator module in series; the cooling liquid passing through the absorption type refrigerating air conditioner and the water heating radiator module in the vehicle flows through the second channel of the first heat exchanger and/or the second channel of the second heat exchanger under the action of the water pump and then enters the refrigerating branch or the heating branch; a first temperature sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the water pump, and second temperature sensors are arranged on inlet pipelines of the refrigerating branch and the heating branch;
the controller is connected with the absorption refrigeration air conditioner, the in-vehicle water heating radiator module, the water pump and the temperature sensors in a control mode.
2. The integrated cooling and heating thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the second heat exchanger is a three-channel heat exchanger, a third channel of the second heat exchanger is communicated with an exhaust gas discharge pipeline of the fuel cell engine, and the exhaust gas discharge direction is opposite to the flow direction of the coolant in the waste heat utilization circulation branch.
3. The integrated refrigeration and heating thermal management system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second channel of the first heat exchanger is connected in series with the second channel of the second heat exchanger; the outlets of the refrigerating branch and the heating branch are connected with the inlet of a water pump, the outlet of the water pump is connected with the inlet of a second heat exchanger channel, the outlet of the second heat exchanger channel is connected with the inlet of a second first heat exchanger channel, and the outlet of the second first heat exchanger channel is connected with the inlets of the refrigerating branch and the heating branch.
4. The integrated cooling and heating thermal management system according to claim 3, wherein the waste heat utilization circulation branch further comprises a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve, a first cooling liquid pipeline and a second cooling liquid pipeline; the outlet of the water pump is connected with the inlet of a second heat exchanger channel II, the outlet of the second heat exchanger channel II is connected with the first inlet of a second three-way valve, the outlet of the second three-way valve is connected with the inlet of a second first heat exchanger channel II, the outlet of the first heat exchanger channel II is connected with the first inlet of a first three-way valve, and the outlet of the first three-way valve is connected with the inlets of a refrigerating branch and a heating branch; the outlet of the water pump is also connected with a second inlet of the second three-way valve through a second cooling liquid pipeline, and the outlet of the second three-way valve is also connected with a second inlet of the first three-way valve through a first cooling liquid pipeline; and a third temperature sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the second three-way valve, and the controller is also in control connection with the third temperature sensor.
5. The integrated refrigeration and heating thermal management system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second channel of the first heat exchanger is connected in parallel with the second channel of the second heat exchanger; the outlet of the second first heat exchanger channel is connected with the outlet of the second heat exchanger channel in parallel and then connected with the inlets of the refrigerating branch and the heating branch, the inlet of the second first heat exchanger channel is connected with the inlet of the second heat exchanger channel in parallel and then connected with the outlet of the water pump, and the inlet of the water pump is connected with the outlets of the refrigerating branch and the heating branch.
6. The integrated refrigeration and heating thermal management system according to claim 5, wherein the waste heat utilization circulation branch further comprises a third three-way valve, a fourth three-way valve, a third coolant pipeline and a fourth coolant pipeline; the outlet of the third three-way valve is connected with the outlets of the fourth three-way valve in parallel and then connected with the inlets of the refrigerating branch and the heating branch, the first inlet of the third three-way valve is connected with the outlet of the second first heat exchanger channel, and the second inlet of the third three-way valve is connected with the outlet of the water pump through a third cooling liquid pipeline; a first inlet of the fourth three-way valve is connected with an outlet of the second heat exchanger channel II, and a second inlet of the fourth three-way valve is connected with an outlet of the water pump through a fourth cooling liquid pipeline; and a fourth temperature sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the third three-way valve, a fifth temperature sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the fourth three-way valve, and the controller is also in control connection with the fourth temperature sensor and the fifth temperature sensor.
7. A control method for the cooling and heating integrated thermal management system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) obtaining a target control temperature of a vehicle, and determining whether the current control mode of the cooling and heating integrated thermal management system is a cooling mode or a heating mode according to the target control temperature;
(2) when the refrigeration device is in a refrigeration mode, controlling the refrigeration branch to be conducted and the heating branch to be closed, calculating the residual heat quantity required by the current refrigeration, the available residual heat quantity of the current fuel cell, the available residual heat quantity of the current motor and the motor controller, the actual residual heat utilization quantity of the current fuel cell and the actual residual heat utilization quantity of the current motor and the motor controller in real time, and realizing the residual heat refrigeration by controlling the flow direction of cooling liquid in the residual heat utilization circulation branch by taking the residual heat quantity required by the current refrigeration as a control target;
(3) when the heating device is in a heating mode, the heating branch is controlled to be conducted, the refrigerating branch is controlled to be closed, the residual heat quantity required by current heating, the available residual heat quantity of the current fuel cell, the available residual heat quantity of the current motor and the motor controller, the actual residual heat utilization quantity of the current fuel cell and the actual residual heat utilization quantity of the current motor and the motor controller are calculated in real time, the residual heat quantity required by the current heating is taken as a control target, and the residual heat heating is realized by controlling the flow direction of cooling liquid in the residual heat utilization circulating branch.
8. The control method of the cooling and heating integrated thermal management system according to claim 7, wherein the process of implementing waste heat cooling comprises: if the residual heat quantity required by the current refrigeration is less than or equal to the available residual heat quantity of the current fuel cell, only using the residual heat of the fuel cell during the residual heat refrigeration, and controlling the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the residual heat utilization circulation branch according to the deviation between the residual heat quantity required by the current refrigeration and the actual residual heat utilization quantity of the current fuel cell to realize the residual heat refrigeration; if the available quantity of the residual heat of the current fuel cell is less than the available quantity of the residual heat of the current fuel cell, less than or equal to the available quantity of the residual heat of the current fuel cell, and the available quantity of the residual heat of the current motor and the motor controller, the residual heat of the fuel cell and the residual heat of the motor and the motor controller are simultaneously utilized during residual heat refrigeration, wherein the residual heat of the fuel cell is completely utilized, the flow direction of cooling liquid in a residual heat utilization circulation branch is controlled according to the deviation between the available quantity of the residual heat of the current refrigeration and the actual utilization quantity of the current residual heat to realize the residual heat refrigeration, and the actual utilization quantity of the current residual heat is the actual utilization quantity of the residual heat of the current fuel cell plus the actual utilization quantity of the residual heat of the current motor and the motor controller;
the process of realizing waste heat heating comprises the following steps: if the residual heat quantity required by the current heating is less than or equal to the available residual heat quantity of the current fuel cell, only using the residual heat of the fuel cell when performing the residual heat heating, and controlling the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the residual heat utilization circulation branch according to the deviation between the residual heat quantity required by the current heating and the actual residual heat utilization quantity of the current fuel cell to realize the residual heat heating; and if the available quantity of the residual heat of the current fuel cell is less than the available quantity of the residual heat needed by the current heating and is less than or equal to the available quantity of the residual heat of the current fuel cell plus the available quantity of the residual heat of the current motor and motor controller, simultaneously utilizing the residual heat of the fuel cell and the residual heat of the motor and motor controller, wherein the residual heat of the fuel cell is completely used, and controlling the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the residual heat utilization circulation branch circuit to realize the residual heat heating according to the deviation between the available quantity of the residual heat needed by the current heating and the actual utilization quantity of the current residual heat.
9. The control method of the integrated cooling and heating thermal management system according to claim 8, wherein the available amount of the residual heat of the fuel cell is equal to the available amount of the residual heat of the coolant of the fuel cell, or the available amount of the residual heat of the fuel cell is equal to the available amount of the residual heat of the coolant of the fuel cell plus the available amount of the residual heat of the tail gas of the engine of the fuel cell.
10. A fuel cell automobile comprises a vehicle body and a cooling and heating integrated thermal management system, and is characterized in that the cooling and heating integrated thermal management system is the cooling and heating integrated thermal management system according to any one of claims 1-6.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116936863A (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2023-10-24 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Cold-start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method thereof |
| CN116936863B (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2024-03-12 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Cold-start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method thereof |
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