CN219037069U - An energy cabin with integrated fuel cell combined heat and power - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to an energy cabin for integrated fuel cell combined heat and power supply, comprising a prefabricated cabin, the prefabricated cabin includes a fuel cell power generation system, a heat storage and supply system, a load interface inverter, an energy cabin system controller, and a fuel cell power generation system The inlet port is connected to the external fuel source, and the outlet port is connected to the input port of the load interface inverter, which is used to convert the fuel source electric energy into electric energy; the heat storage system is connected to the fuel cell power generation system, and the fuel cell power generation system generates The heat energy is utilized; the load interface inverter is connected to the fuel cell power generation system for inverting direct current into alternating current; the energy cabin system controller is connected to the fuel cell power generation system, the heat storage system and the load interface inverter respectively. It is used to control the cooperative operation of the fuel cell power generation system, the heat storage system and the load interface inverter. The utility model can promote the efficient utilization of hydrogen energy and improve the comprehensive energy utilization rate of the user-side energy system.

Description

An energy cabin with integrated fuel cell combined heat and power

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of comprehensive energy, in particular to an energy cabin for combined heat and power supply of an integrated fuel cell.

Background technique

When new energy becomes the main power source, how to ensure the balance of energy and power in the energy system at different time scales and spatial scales is one of the core issues in building a new power system. Hydrogen energy storage has the characteristics of long-term, cross-season, large-scale and cross-space storage, and is an important means to solve the above problems. Therefore, the efficient utilization of hydrogen energy is an inevitable choice under the background of the continuous advancement of my country's "double carbon" goal. Fuel cell power generation technology is an important content and an ideal means for the efficient utilization of hydrogen energy. Based on fuel cell power generation technology, efficient and flexible distributed power generation can be realized, the bottleneck of power generation efficiency and waste heat utilization can be solved, and the comprehensive utilization rate of energy can be greatly improved. At the same time, with the continuous improvement of users' individualized and diversified energy demand, customized integrated energy service applications are emerging, and it is urgent to expand user-side integrated energy integration equipment, so as to flexibly and efficiently meet users' comprehensive energy needs.

Utility model content

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide an energy cabin integrated with fuel cell cogeneration, which can promote the efficient utilization of hydrogen energy and improve the comprehensive energy utilization rate of the user-side energy system.

The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve the technical problem is: to provide an energy cabin integrated with fuel cell cogeneration, including a prefabricated cabin, which includes a fuel cell power generation system, a heat storage and supply system, and a load interface inverter. Inverter and energy cabin system controller, the inlet end of the fuel cell power generation system is connected to an external fuel source, and the outlet end is connected to the input end of the load interface inverter for converting the fuel source electric energy into electric energy; The heat storage and supply system is connected to the fuel cell power generation system for utilizing the heat energy generated by the fuel cell power generation system; the load interface inverter is connected to the fuel cell power generation system for direct current Inversion into alternating current; the energy cabin system controller is respectively connected with the fuel cell power generation system, heat storage system and load interface inverter, and is used to control the fuel cell power generation system, heat storage system and load interface The inverter works together.

The fuel cell power generation system includes an electric stack module, an air supply module, a hydrogen supply module, a thermal management module, a power distribution management module, and a fuel cell controller; the electric stack module is provided with an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, Hydrogen inlet pipe, hydrogen outlet pipe, coolant inlet pipe, coolant outlet pipe and electrical interface; the air outlet end of the air supply module is connected to the air inlet pipe, and the air return end is connected to the air outlet The stack pipes are connected to provide the oxygen required for the reaction to the cathode of the stack module; the inlet end of the hydrogen supply module is connected to an external fuel source, the gas outlet is connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe, and the gas return end It is connected with the hydrogen outlet pipe, and is used to provide the hydrogen required for the reaction of the anode of the stack module; the water outlet end of the thermal management module is connected with the cooling liquid inlet pipe, and the water return end is connected with the The coolant exits the stack pipe, which is used to adjust the temperature of the stack module; the power distribution management module is connected to the electrical interface, and is used to manage the main power output of the fuel cell power generation system and the power supply of the auxiliary system; The fuel cell controller is respectively connected with the electric stack module, the air supply module, the hydrogen supply module, the heat management module and the power distribution management module, and is used to control the operation of the fuel cell power generation system.

The stack module is arranged in a cavity, and the cavity is configured with an inlet and an outlet of convective gas, and the location of the outlet is higher than that of the inlet.

The air supply module includes a humidifier, and the humidifier is provided with an air intake end, an air outlet end, a return air end, and an exhaust end; Air filter, air flow meter, air pressurization device and intercooler; the air outlet end is connected with the air inlet pipe through the air outlet pipe, and the air inlet adjustment device is arranged on the air outlet pipe; the air return end The air return pipe is connected with the air discharge pipe, and the air return pipe is provided with an air outlet adjustment device; the exhaust end is connected with an exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe is provided with an exhaust adjustment device.

The hydrogen supply module includes an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, the inlet pipe is provided with an integrated temperature and pressure sensor for stacking, and is connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe; the outlet pipe is arranged in sequence along the direction of gas delivery There is a stack temperature and pressure integrated sensor and a steam trap, which are connected to the hydrogen outlet pipeline; the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline are also connected through a circulation pipeline, and a hydrogen circulation pump is arranged on the circulation pipeline; The side of the hydrogen circulation pump close to the outlet pipeline is connected with an exhaust pipeline, and the exhaust pipeline is provided with an exhaust valve and a check valve; the hydrogen circulation pump is connected to a side close to the intake pipeline. There is a gas transmission pipeline, the gas transmission pipeline is connected with an external fuel source, and is provided with a voltage stabilizing module.

The thermal management module includes an electric heater, a water pump, and a heat sink. The thermal management module and the electric stack module form a cooling circulation loop through a cooling circulation pipeline, and an electric heater and a circulation pump are arranged on the cooling circulation pipeline. The electric heater heats the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation pipeline when the temperature of the electric stack module is lower than the working temperature area; the circulation pump is used to control the circulation of the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation loop; the heat dissipation device It is used for dissipating heat from the electric stack module when the temperature of the electric stack module is higher than the working temperature range.

The heat storage and supply system includes a heat preservation water tank and a heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger and the heat exchanger form a circulation loop; the heat exchanger is connected in parallel on both sides of the cooling circulation loop of the fuel cell power generation system, and the heat preservation The outlet end of the water tank and the instant electric hot water tank.

An energy storage battery system is also arranged between the load interface inverter and the fuel cell power generation system, and the energy storage battery system is used to store excess electricity.

Beneficial effect

Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical solution, the utility model has the following advantages and positive effects compared with the prior art: the utility model utilizes hydrogen energy resources efficiently through the fuel cell, cooperates with the waste heat recovery system to improve the overall efficiency of the system, and By configuring the energy cabin system controller to coordinate and control the system modules in the energy cabin, it can provide users with clean, efficient, low-carbon and reliable heat and power integrated energy supply, improve the user's energy consumption experience, and improve the energy saving and carbon reduction level of the user-side energy system.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an energy cabin for integrated fuel cell cogeneration according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell power generation system in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the air supply circuit in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a hydrogen supply circuit in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the heat storage and supply system and the fuel cell power generation system in the embodiment of the present utility model.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the utility model. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the utility model, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the utility model, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the application.

The embodiment of the present invention relates to an energy cabin integrated with fuel cell cogeneration, as shown in Figure 1 , including a fuel cell power generation system, a heat storage and supply system, a load interface inverter and an energy cabin system controller. All modules are integrated in the prefabricated cabin, and the size of the prefabricated cabin can be determined according to the specific equipment capacity. The fuel source can be connected to the reserved interface of the prefabricated cabin to provide fuel supply for the energy cabin. The fuel source in this embodiment adopts a high-pressure hydrogen source, and the high-pressure hydrogen source adopts bottled gas, and adopts a container to meet the gas demand of the energy cabin. details as follows:

As shown in Figure 2, the fuel cell power generation system includes a stack module, an air supply module, a hydrogen supply module, a thermal management module, a power distribution management module, and a fuel cell controller. The stack module is provided with an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, a hydrogen inlet pipe, a hydrogen outlet pipe, a coolant inlet pipe, a coolant outlet pipe, and an electrical interface; the air outlet of the air supply module is connected to the air The stacking pipes are connected, and the return air end is connected with the air stacking pipes. The intake end of the hydrogen supply module is connected to an external fuel source, the gas outlet end is connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe, and the gas return end is connected to the hydrogen outlet pipe to provide the anode of the stack module with the reaction requirements. of hydrogen. The water outlet end of the thermal management module is connected to the cooling liquid inlet pipe, and the water return end is connected to the cooling liquid outlet pipe. The power distribution management module is connected to the electrical interface. The fuel cell controller is respectively connected with the electric stack module, the air supply module, the hydrogen supply module, the heat management module and the power distribution management module.

The stack module is the main body of the fuel cell power generation system, which is responsible for the efficient reaction of hydrogen in the anode and oxygen in the cathode to generate electric charge, heat and water. The stack module includes fuel cell graphite plate water-cooled stack, stack node voltage acquisition module, cavity temperature sensor, cavity hydrogen concentration sensor and manifold. The above components are packaged in a cavity, and the cavity needs to leave air inlet pipes, air outlet pipes, hydrogen inlet pipes, hydrogen outlet pipes, coolant inlet pipes, coolant outlet pipes and electrical interfaces. In order to prevent the accumulation of leaked hydrogen gas in the sealed cavity, the cavity needs to be equipped with an inlet and an outlet for convective gas, and the position of the outlet must be higher than the position of the inlet to facilitate the diffusion of hydrogen, and the outflow of the stack flows into the exhaust port of the fuel cell.

The air supply module is responsible for providing the oxygen required for the reaction of the cathode of the fuel cell stack module, and it needs to provide sufficient air flow, air pressure and appropriate humidity. As shown in Figure 3, the air supply module consists of an air filter, an air flow meter, an air booster, an intercooler, a humidifier, and an air conditioning device. In this embodiment, the air supercharging device is realized by an air compressor/air pump, and the air conditioning device is realized by a throttle valve/proportional valve. Wherein, the humidifier is provided with an air inlet end, an air outlet end, an air return end and an exhaust end; the air inlet end is connected with an air inlet pipeline, and an air filter, an air flow meter, an air supercharging device and intercooler; the air outlet end is connected with the air inlet pipe through the air outlet pipe, and the air inlet adjustment device is arranged on the air outlet pipe; the air return end is connected with the air outlet pipe through the air return pipe The stack pipes are connected, and the air return pipe is provided with an air outlet regulating device; the exhaust end is connected with the exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe is provided with an exhaust regulating device.

The air circuit of this embodiment adopts the exhaust gas humidification method, and uses the water vapor in the cathode exit gas to humidify the air entering the stack, so as to provide good working conditions for the stack. Usually, the stack needs to provide an excessive amount of oxygen required for the reaction during operation. The tail of the air supply circuit of the power system adopts a straight discharge method, and the unreacted oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor are discharged into the atmosphere, and the excess oxygen is supplied by adjusting the air supply. The air flow of the loop is realized, specifically by changing the speed of the air compressor.

The hydrogen supply module is responsible for providing the hydrogen required for the reaction to the anode of the fuel cell stack module, providing sufficient hydrogen flow, pressure and appropriate humidity. As shown in Figure 4, the hydrogen supply module is mainly composed of a proportional valve, an integrated temperature and pressure sensor entering and exiting the stack, a steam trap, a hydrogen circulation pump, and a solenoid valve. The hydrogen supply module includes an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, the inlet pipe is provided with an integrated sensor for stack temperature and pressure, and is connected with the hydrogen inlet pipe; the outlet pipe is sequentially provided with A stack temperature and pressure integrated sensor and a steam trap are connected to the hydrogen outlet pipeline; the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline are also connected through a circulation pipeline, and a hydrogen circulation pump is arranged on the circulation pipeline; The side of the hydrogen circulation pump close to the outlet pipeline is connected with an exhaust pipeline, and the exhaust pipeline is provided with an exhaust valve and a check valve; the side of the hydrogen circulation pump close to the inlet pipeline is connected with a A gas pipeline, the gas pipeline is connected to an external fuel source and is provided with a voltage stabilizing module.

In order to increase the endurance time of the fuel cell power system and improve the utilization rate of hydrogen, the hydrogen supply circuit adopts a dead-end design. When the accumulation of nitrogen in the anode and the problem of water flooding lead to a decline in the performance of the stack, the exhaust solenoid valve is opened to discharge nitrogen. and liquid water.

The thermal management module is responsible for regulating the temperature of the electric stack module, including electric heaters, water pumps and heat sinks. The thermal management module and the electric stack module form a cooling circulation loop through the cooling circulation pipeline, and the cooling circulation pipeline is provided with electric A heater and a circulation pump, the electric heater heats the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation pipeline when the temperature of the stack module is lower than the working temperature area; the circulation pump is used to control the flow of the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation loop Circulation; the heat dissipation device is used to dissipate heat from the stack module when the temperature of the stack module is higher than the working temperature range.

The thermal management module in this embodiment is responsible for regulating the stack module. When the stack temperature is low, the cooling liquid is heated by electricity, and the liquid with a certain temperature is pumped into the stack by using a water pump, so that the stack is preheated to an ideal working temperature. point; when the temperature of the stack is high, use the radiator and cooling fan to take away the heat, so that the stack is at a suitable working temperature point.

The power distribution management module is responsible for managing the main power output of the power generation module and the power supply of the auxiliary system (BoP); the main power output mainly considers the signal acquisition of voltage/current, main contactor, pre-charging circuit and fuse, etc.; the power supply management of BoP mainly Responsible for the power supply of low-voltage 24V and the power supply management of high-voltage equipment (air compressor/air pump, heater, etc.).

The fuel cell controller is responsible for the management of the entire fuel cell power generation system and is the control core of the power generation system. On the one hand, the fuel cell controller needs to coordinate the operation of the internal components of the power generation system and execute the control strategy; on the other hand, it needs to communicate with the energy cabin controller, hydrogen supply system controller and other equipment.

The heat storage and supply system of this embodiment effectively utilizes the heat generated during the operation of the electric stack. As shown in FIG. 5, the heat storage and supply system includes an insulated water tank and a heat exchanger. A circulation loop is formed; the heat exchanger is connected in parallel on both sides of the cooling circulation loop of the fuel cell power generation system, and the water outlet end of the thermal insulation water tank is connected to the instant electric hot water tank.

A parallel heat exchanger is added in the cooling water circulation loop of the fuel cell, and the cooling system can switch freely between the heat exchanger cooling mode and the radiator cooling mode. When the cooling system works in radiator mode, the cooling fan is used to discharge the heat contained in the high-temperature cooling water into the surrounding environment to cool down the stack. When the cooling system works in the heat exchanger mode, the thermal convection between the high-temperature cooling water and the tap water is used, which not only realizes the purpose of cooling the stack, but also obtains valuable high-temperature tap water.

This embodiment also includes an energy storage battery system, the energy storage battery system is arranged between the load interface inverter and the fuel cell power generation system, and undertakes the important task of supporting the DC bus, wherein the energy storage battery and the DC bus are directly connected ; The energy storage battery plays the task of maintaining the reliability of the system power supply under possible multiple working modes. The energy storage battery system is equipped with a battery management system (BMS), which can calculate the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage battery pack in real time; SOC is an important basis for system power scheduling.

The load interface inverter converts direct current into alternating current, has the function of self-adaptive switching between grid-connected and off-grid, and is equipped with a power electronic grid-connected switch; the switching process is <10ms; due to the low insulation resistance of fuel cell stacks, grid The inverter is equipped with an isolation transformer; when running off-grid, the inverter has sufficient load impact capability. In order to ensure off-grid startup; the power supply of key system components such as BMS and energy compartment does not depend on AC 220V, and DC-DC is configured from the DC bus to obtain power.

The energy cabin system controller is an energy management dispatching center with a built-in energy cabin control system. In the energy cabin control system, the system controller is the core unit, and all controlled components of the system are established through bus, analog signal, digital signal and other signal transmission. The control signal is connected to the network. According to the control requirements in the current operating mode of the system, closed-loop control logic is formed through sensor signal acquisition and feedback. All electronic control components in the control system follow the system operating mode to operate in a stable and efficient working state, ensuring the overall system of combined heat and power supply. stable operation. During the operation of the system, the energy cabin management system adjusts the output of the system converter to meet the load power demand according to the power demand of the load and the SOC state of the energy storage battery. The fuel cell SOC is kept within a reasonable range, and the fuel cell system controller regulates the coordinated operation of each subsystem of the fuel cell according to the target power command to meet the target power demand.

The energy cabin of the integrated fuel cell combined heat and power supply in this embodiment has two operation strategies, which are the electric load following strategy and the thermal load following strategy.

Among them, the electric load following strategy means that the output electric power of the fuel cell power generation system must be kept equal to the electric load at all times, and the output thermal power of the fuel cell power generation system is not controlled. When the output heat power of the fuel cell power generation system is greater than the heat load, the excess heat is stored in the heat preservation water tank in the form of high-temperature tap water; The thermal energy is supplemented by the heat, and the matching problem of the heat generation power of the stack and the heat load time is solved through the heat preservation water tank.

The heat load following strategy means that the output heat power of the fuel cell power generation system follows the change of the heat load, and the output power of the fuel cell power generation system is not controlled. Under the thermal load following strategy, the system needs to be connected with an external bidirectional power supply. The bidirectional power supply can be an external power grid or a storage battery. When it is less than the electric load, the electric energy is supplemented by an external power supply to meet the demand of the electric load.

It is not difficult to find that the utility model uses fuel cells to efficiently utilize hydrogen energy resources, cooperates with the waste heat recovery system to improve the overall efficiency of the system, and coordinates and controls the system modules in the energy cabin by configuring the energy cabin system controller, which can provide users with clean and efficient The low-carbon and reliable heat and power integrated energy supply not only improves the user's energy experience, but also improves the level of energy saving and carbon reduction of the user-side energy system.

Claims (7)

1. An energy cabin integrating fuel cell cogeneration, characterized in that it includes a prefabricated cabin, which includes a fuel cell power generation system, a heat storage and supply system, a load interface inverter and an energy cabin system controller, The inlet end of the fuel cell power generation system is connected to an external fuel source, and the outlet end is connected to the input end of the load interface inverter for converting the fuel source electric energy into electric energy; the heat storage and supply system is connected to the The fuel cell power generation system is connected to utilize the heat energy generated by the fuel cell power generation system; the load interface inverter is connected to the fuel cell power generation system to convert direct current into alternating current; the energy cabin The system controller is respectively connected with the fuel cell power generation system, heat storage system and load interface inverter, and is used to control the fuel cell power generation system, heat storage system and load interface inverter to cooperate with each other; the fuel The battery power generation system includes an electric stack module and an air supply module, the electric stack module includes an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe; the air supply module includes a humidifier, and the humidifier is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet, The air return end and the exhaust end; the air intake end is connected with the air intake pipe, and the air intake pipe is provided with an air filter, an air flow meter, an air supercharging device and an intercooler in turn; the air outlet end passes through The air outlet pipe is connected with the air inlet pipe, and the air inlet adjustment device is provided on the air outlet pipe; device; the exhaust end is connected with an exhaust pipeline, and the exhaust pipeline is provided with an exhaust regulating device. 2. The energy cabin of integrated fuel cell cogeneration according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell power generation system further comprises a hydrogen supply module, a heat management module, a power distribution management module, and a fuel cell controller; The stack module is also provided with a hydrogen inlet pipe, a hydrogen outlet pipe, a coolant inlet pipe, a coolant outlet pipe, and an electrical interface; the air outlet of the air supply module is connected to the air inlet pipe, and the return The gas end is connected to the air outlet pipe for providing the oxygen required for the reaction to the cathode of the stack module; the inlet end of the hydrogen supply module is connected to an external fuel source, and the gas outlet is connected to the hydrogen inlet The stack pipes are connected, and the return gas end is connected with the hydrogen outlet pipe, which is used to provide the hydrogen required for the reaction of the anode of the stack module; the water outlet end of the thermal management module is connected with the coolant inlet pipe , the water return end is connected with the cooling liquid out of the stack pipe, used to adjust the temperature of the stack module; the power distribution management module is connected with the electrical interface, and used to manage the main power output of the fuel cell power generation system and auxiliary system power supply; the fuel cell controller is respectively connected with the stack module, air supply module, hydrogen supply module, thermal management module and power distribution management module, and is used to control the operation of the fuel cell power generation system. 3. The energy cabin of integrated fuel cell combined heat and power according to claim 2, characterized in that, the stack module is arranged in a cavity, and the cavity is configured with an inlet and an outlet of convective gas, and the position of the outlet is higher than the entrance. 4. The energy cabin of integrated fuel cell combined heat and power according to claim 2, characterized in that, the hydrogen supply module includes an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, and the air inlet pipe is provided with a stack temperature-pressure integrated sensor, and is connected with the hydrogen into the stack pipeline; the gas outlet pipeline is sequentially provided with a temperature and pressure integrated sensor and a steam trap along the gas delivery direction, and is connected with the hydrogen out of the stack pipeline; the inlet pipeline It is also connected with the outlet pipeline through a circulation pipeline, and a hydrogen circulation pump is arranged on the circulation pipeline; an exhaust pipeline is connected to the side of the hydrogen circulation pump close to the outlet pipeline, and the exhaust pipeline is provided with Exhaust valve and one-way valve; the side of the hydrogen circulation pump close to the intake pipeline is connected with a gas delivery pipeline, and the gas delivery pipeline is connected with an external fuel source and is provided with a voltage stabilizing module. 5. The energy cabin of integrated fuel cell combined heat and power according to claim 2, characterized in that, the thermal management module includes an electric heater, a water pump and a heat sink, and the thermal management module and the electric stack module pass through The cooling circulation pipeline constitutes a cooling circulation loop, and an electric heater and a circulation pump are arranged on the cooling circulation pipeline, and the electric heater cools the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation pipeline when the temperature of the stack module is lower than the working temperature range heating; the circulation pump is used to control the circulation of cooling liquid in the cooling cycle; the heat sink is used to dissipate heat from the stack module when the temperature of the stack module is higher than the working temperature range. 6. The energy cabin of integrated fuel cell cogeneration according to claim 1, characterized in that, the heat storage and supply system includes an insulated water tank and a heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger and the heat exchanger form a circulation loop; The heat exchanger is connected in parallel on both sides of the cooling cycle of the fuel cell power generation system, and the water outlet end of the thermal insulation water tank is connected to the instant electric hot water tank. 7. The energy cabin for integrated fuel cell combined heat and power according to claim 1, characterized in that an energy storage battery system is also arranged between the load interface inverter and the fuel cell power generation system, and the energy storage battery system An energy battery system is used to store excess power.

Images