CN113356911B - Supporting device and method for soft rock tunnel excavation - Google Patents
Supporting device and method for soft rock tunnel excavation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113356911B CN113356911B CN202110619391.5A CN202110619391A CN113356911B CN 113356911 B CN113356911 B CN 113356911B CN 202110619391 A CN202110619391 A CN 202110619391A CN 113356911 B CN113356911 B CN 113356911B
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- arch
- stress
- arc
- soft rock
- bag
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 abstract 5
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
- E21D23/04—Structural features of the supporting construction, e.g. linking members between adjacent frames or sets of props; Means for counteracting lateral sliding on inclined floor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
- E21D23/04—Structural features of the supporting construction, e.g. linking members between adjacent frames or sets of props; Means for counteracting lateral sliding on inclined floor
- E21D23/0418—Positioning devices and stabilizing means for the props
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
- E21D23/08—Advancing mechanisms
Abstract
The supporting device and the method for soft rock tunnel excavation are simple in structure, an arch frame body consisting of three arc-shaped arches is adopted, a bag is connected to the upper portion of the arch frame body, stress pieces are arranged between the bag and the arch frame body, a ball hinge is connected with a supporting column and the arch frame body to form an arch frame unit body, each arch frame unit body is connected with a shearing frame and a cross beam, the arc-shaped arches and the shearing frames are of telescopic structures, the supporting device is pushed into a tunnel to support the tunnel before soft rock is still in an empty state, excavation waste is poured into the bag, and slurry is injected into the arch frame body and the supporting column to strengthen the tunnel. The invention solves the problem that the local deformation occurs due to the contact of the stress lines of the original soft rock tunnel support to stress the concentrated damage structure, has the functions of dispersing local stress, supporting and reinforcing in time, balancing stress, and aiming at solving the problems of long soft rock deformation time, large deformation amount, low cost and simple and convenient construction operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and relates to a supporting device and a supporting method for soft rock tunnel excavation.
Background
In recent years, the scale and depth of underground engineering in the industries of nuclear industry, national defense industry, traffic water conservancy and the like are rapidly increasing. Underground geotechnical engineering is developed in deep parts by taking underground geotechnical as a new national resource growth point. Due to the complexity of geological conditions and deformation characteristics, soft rock accidents frequently occur, the creep amount of the soft rock is large, the deformation time is long, the deformation rate is high, the traditional supporting tool cannot move randomly, the construction is inconvenient, the problem of high soft rock deformation rate cannot be well solved, the problem of large deformation amount of the soft rock deformation time cannot be solved by the traditional tool in a targeted manner, the early-stage steel frame supporting cost is high, the stress is in line contact, and stress concentration can occur at a place with large local deformation, so that the structure is damaged. The tool can pointedly solve the problems of untimely supporting and uneven stress of the traditional tool, and has no pointedly solving three design and construction difficulties of long deformation time and large deformation amount of soft rock.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of providing a supporting device and a supporting method for soft rock tunnel excavation, which are simple in structure, an arch frame body consisting of three arc arches is adopted, a bag is connected to the upper part of the arch frame body, stress pieces are arranged between the bag and the arch frame body, a ball hinge is connected with a support column and the arch frame body to form an arch frame unit body, each arch frame unit body is connected with a cross beam by adopting a shear frame, the arc arches and the shear frame are telescopic structures, the supporting device is pushed into a tunnel to support the tunnel before soft rock is still in a temporary state, excavation waste is poured into the bag, slurry is injected into the arch frame body and the support column to reinforce, local stress is dispersed, timely supporting and reinforcing are realized, the stress is balanced, the problems of long soft rock deformation time and large deformation amount are solved pertinently, the cost is low, and the construction operation is simple and convenient.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a supporting device for soft rock tunnel excavation comprises an arch body consisting of three arc arches; the upper part of the arch frame body is connected with a bag; a stress piece is arranged between the bag and the arch frame body; the lower part of the ball hinge is connected with the support column, and the upper part of the ball hinge and the arch frame body form a truss arch frame unit body; each arch frame unit body is connected with the cross beam by adopting a shear frame; the arc-shaped arch frame is of a semicircular structure formed by two annular plates or arc-shaped rods, and is mutually inserted, pulled and stretched.
The inserted position of the arc-shaped arch frame is provided with a bolt, and the bolt limits the expansion of the arc-shaped arch frame.
The shear frame and the cross beam are respectively connected with the middle part and the upper end of the support column.
The arc-shaped arch on the arch body is connected by a plurality of connecting rods.
The lower end of the supporting column is connected with the universal castor.
Holes capable of being implanted with anchor rods are reserved in the universal casters.
The stress sheet is electrically connected with the pressure gauge, and the pressure gauge is arranged on the support column.
Grouting holes are formed in the arch frame body and the support columns.
The supporting and reinforcing method of the supporting device for soft rock tunnel excavation comprises the following steps:
s1, filling a bag by utilizing waste materials excavated by a tunnel, and pushing the supporting device into the tunnel before soft rock is still in an empty state;
s2, simultaneously pulling the support columns to the two sides, stretching the arc-shaped arch frame, enabling the distance between the support columns at the two sides to reach the required width, and locking by penetrating through the arc-shaped arch frame through a bolt;
s3, simultaneously pulling the support columns to the two ends, and stretching the shear frame to enable the distance between the support columns at the two ends of the support device to reach the required length, wherein every two adjacent support columns are connected by a cross beam;
s4, locking the universal castor, driving an anchor rod into a hole reserved in the universal castor, and penetrating the anchor rod into the rock body through the universal castor;
s5, after the steps S2 and S3 are completed, the bag contacts with the top of the tunnel, the stress is homogenized, the effect of unloading force generated by deformation of the rock mass is reserved, a pressure gauge connected with the stress sheet is started, and the stress value is recorded;
s6, reading the numerical value of the pressure gauge again after a period of time is separated, judging the stress distribution condition, and reinforcing the part with larger stress;
and S7, grouting slurry is injected into grouting holes of the arch body and the support columns, and the integral rigidity of the support device is improved.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the telescopic arc-shaped arch frame enables the supporting device to transversely shrink, the shear frame connected between the arch frame unit bodies enables the supporting device to longitudinally shrink, the supporting device is composed of arch frame unit bodies, the supporting device can be flexibly assembled according to requirements, the bag filled with excavation waste is contacted with the top of a tunnel, and the stress is changed from line contact to surface contact, so that the stress is homogenized, and the cost is saved.
The supporting device is rapidly pushed into the tunnel after excavation is completed, and the supporting is carried out when the soft rock is still in a temporary state, so that the deformation of the soft rock is reduced. The bag provides enough deformation area for the characteristics of long deformation time and large deformation amount of the soft rock, and plays a role in unloading stress generated by deformation of the soft rock, universal casters with lock catches are fixedly arranged at the lower ends of the supporting columns and can move at will, and anchor rods are driven into the universal casters to fix the supporting device and strengthen rock bodies. And reading the numerical value of the pressure gauge connected with the stress sheet to provide data for the later-stage anchor rod support and the permanent steel frame support.
The problems that an original supporting tool cannot be moved at will, the assembly and disassembly are inconvenient, the supporting cost is high, the deformation characteristics of soft rock are not considered, the stress is in line contact, the stress concentration can occur in places with large local deformation, the structure is damaged and the like can be solved.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an arch unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of another arch unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the connection between the arch frame and the connecting rod.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the arc-shaped arch connection of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a support column according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the ball-and-socket hinge of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the anchor bar anchoring castor of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a shear frame according to the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a bag 2, stress pieces 3, supporting columns 4, a shear frame 6, an arc-shaped arch 7, a ball hinge 8, universal casters 11, a pressure gauge 12, a cross beam 13, a connecting rod 14 and an anchor rod 15.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 9, a supporting device for soft rock tunnel excavation comprises an arch body consisting of three arc arches 7; the upper part of the arch frame body is connected with a bag 2; a stress piece 3 is arranged between the bag 2 and the arch frame body; the lower part of the ball hinge 8 is connected with the support column 4, and the upper part of the ball hinge and the arch frame body form a truss arch frame unit body; the arch centering unit bodies are connected by a shear frame 6 and a cross beam 13; the arc-shaped arch 7 is of a semicircular structure formed by two annular plates or arc-shaped rods, and is mutually inserted, pulled and stretched.
Preferably, the bag 2 is filled with the waste materials during excavation, and the materials are obtained locally and have low cost.
In the preferred scheme, a bolt is arranged at the splicing position of the arc-shaped arch 7, and the expansion and contraction of the arc-shaped arch 7 are limited by the bolt. When the device is used, after the device is unfolded, the arc-shaped arch 7 is limited by the bolts, so that the whole width of the device is limited.
In a preferred embodiment, the shear frame 6 and the cross beam 13 are respectively connected to the middle and upper ends of the support columns 4. When the device is used, after the device is unfolded, the cross beam 13 is connected with the upper end of the support column 4, the shear frame 6 is limited, and the whole length of the device is limited.
In a preferred embodiment, the arc-shaped arches 7 on the arch body are connected by a plurality of connecting rods 14. When in use, after the length and the width of the device are adjusted, the connecting rod 14 is connected with the arc-shaped arch 7, and the connecting rod 14 is contacted with the rock mass or permeates into the rock mass.
In a preferred scheme, the lower end of the supporting column 4 is connected with a universal castor 11. When in use, the device is pushed, the universal castor 11 is in rolling contact with the ground, and labor is saved during transferring or position adjustment.
In a preferred embodiment, holes for the implantable anchor 15 are reserved in the castor 11. When in use, the anchor rod 15 penetrates through the universal castor 11 to penetrate into the rock mass to fix the device, so that the overall stability is improved.
In a preferred scheme, the stress sheet 3 is electrically connected with a pressure gauge 12, and the pressure gauge 12 is installed on the support column 4. When in use, the pressure gauge 12 connected with the stress sheet 3 displays the stress value at any time, and reads the stress value to provide data for the later-stage anchor bolt support and the permanent steel frame support.
In a preferred scheme, grouting holes are formed in the arch body and the support columns 4. When the support device is used, slurry is injected into grouting holes of the arch body and the support columns 4 after the whole support is completed, so that the whole rigidity of the support device is improved.
In a preferred scheme, the supporting and reinforcing method of the supporting device for soft rock tunnel excavation comprises the following steps of:
s1, filling a bag 2 by utilizing waste materials excavated by a tunnel, and pushing the supporting device into the tunnel before soft rock is still in an empty state;
s2, simultaneously pulling the support columns 4 to two sides, stretching the arc-shaped arches 7 to enable the distance between the support columns 4 at the two sides to reach the required width, and locking by penetrating through the arc-shaped arches 7 through bolts;
s3, simultaneously pulling the support columns 4 to the two ends, and stretching the shear frame 6 to enable the distance between the support columns 4 at the two ends of the support device to reach the required length, wherein every two adjacent support columns 4 are connected by a cross beam 13;
s4, locking the universal castor 11, driving an anchor rod 15 into a hole reserved in the universal castor 11, and penetrating the anchor rod 15 into a rock body through the universal castor 11;
s5, after the steps S2 and S3 are completed, the bag 2 is contacted with the top of the tunnel, the stress is homogenized, the effect of unloading force generated by deformation of the rock mass is reserved, a pressure gauge 12 connected with the stress sheet 3 is started, and the stress value is recorded;
s6, reading the numerical value of the pressure gauge 12 again after a period of time, judging the stress distribution condition, and reinforcing the part with larger stress;
and S7, grouting slurry is injected into grouting holes of the arch body and the support columns 4, and the overall rigidity of the support device is improved.
The foregoing embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without collision. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and the protection scope includes equivalent alternatives to the technical features of the claims. I.e., equivalent replacement modifications within the scope of this invention are also within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A strutting arrangement for soft rock tunnel excavation, characterized by: the novel arch comprises an arch body consisting of three arc arches (7); the upper part of the arch frame body is connected with a bag (2); a stress sheet (3) is arranged between the bag (2) and the arch frame body; the lower part of the ball hinge (8) is connected with the support column (4), and the upper part of the ball hinge and the arch frame body form a truss arch frame unit body; each arch frame unit body is connected with a cross beam (13) by a shear frame (6); the arc-shaped arch (7) is of a semicircular structure formed by two annular plates or arc-shaped rods, and is mutually inserted, pulled and stretched;
the inserted position of the arc-shaped arch (7) is provided with a bolt, and the bolt limits the expansion and contraction of the arc-shaped arch (7);
the arc-shaped arch (7) on the arch body is connected by a plurality of connecting rods (14);
the bag 2 is filled with the waste materials in the excavation process;
the stress sheet (3) is electrically connected with the pressure gauge (12), and the pressure gauge (12) is arranged on the support column (4).
2. The support device for soft rock tunnel excavation of claim 1, wherein: the shear frame (6) and the cross beam (13) are respectively connected with the middle part and the upper end of the support column (4).
3. The support device for soft rock tunnel excavation of claim 1, wherein: the lower end of the supporting column (4) is connected with the universal castor (11).
4. A support device for soft rock tunnel excavation according to claim 3, characterized in that: holes for implanting anchor rods (15) are reserved in the universal casters (11).
5. The support device for soft rock tunnel excavation of claim 1, wherein: grouting holes are formed in the arch body and the supporting columns (4).
6. The supporting and reinforcing method of the supporting device for soft rock tunnel excavation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, filling a bag (2) by utilizing waste materials excavated by a tunnel, and pushing the supporting device into the tunnel before soft rock is still in an empty state;
s2, simultaneously pulling the support columns (4) to two sides, stretching the arc-shaped arches (7) to enable the distance between the support columns (4) at the two sides to reach the required width, and locking by adopting a bolt to penetrate through the arc-shaped arches (7);
s3, simultaneously pulling the support columns (4) towards two ends, and stretching the shear frame (6) to enable the distance between the support columns (4) at two ends of the support device to reach the required length, wherein every two adjacent support columns (4) are connected by a cross beam (13);
s4, locking the universal castor (11), driving an anchor rod (15) into a reserved hole of the universal castor (11), and enabling the anchor rod (15) to penetrate through the universal castor (11) to penetrate into a rock mass;
s5, after the steps S2 and S3 are completed, the bag (2) is contacted with the top of the tunnel, the stress is homogenized, the effect of releasing force generated by deformation of the rock mass is reserved, a pressure gauge (12) connected with the stress sheet (3) is started, and the stress value is recorded;
s6, reading the numerical value of the pressure gauge (12) again after a period of time, judging the stress distribution condition, and reinforcing the part with larger stress;
and S7, grouting slurry is injected into grouting holes of the arch body and the support columns (4), and the integral rigidity of the support device is improved.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110619391.5A CN113356911B (en) | 2021-06-03 | 2021-06-03 | Supporting device and method for soft rock tunnel excavation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110619391.5A CN113356911B (en) | 2021-06-03 | 2021-06-03 | Supporting device and method for soft rock tunnel excavation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113356911A CN113356911A (en) | 2021-09-07 |
| CN113356911B true CN113356911B (en) | 2024-01-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110619391.5A Active CN113356911B (en) | 2021-06-03 | 2021-06-03 | Supporting device and method for soft rock tunnel excavation |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN113356911B (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1162489A (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 1999-03-05 | Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd | Tonnel covering method and device, and permanently covering body for tonnel |
| WO2015179883A2 (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2015-11-26 | Elbroc Mining Products (Pty) Ltd | Support arrangement |
| CN205225286U (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-05-11 | 赵西方 | Prevent contractible structure of rock burst steel structural component excavation support |
| CN106812544A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-06-09 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of U-shaped steel bracket of the allowed pressure of reinforcement |
| CN107100652A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-08-29 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of compliant impact resistant method for protecting support and device |
| CN109538247A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-29 | 江苏建筑职业技术学院 | It is a kind of for building the concrete filled steel tube arch of gallery supporting |
-
2021
- 2021-06-03 CN CN202110619391.5A patent/CN113356911B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1162489A (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 1999-03-05 | Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd | Tonnel covering method and device, and permanently covering body for tonnel |
| WO2015179883A2 (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2015-11-26 | Elbroc Mining Products (Pty) Ltd | Support arrangement |
| CN205225286U (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-05-11 | 赵西方 | Prevent contractible structure of rock burst steel structural component excavation support |
| CN106812544A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-06-09 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of U-shaped steel bracket of the allowed pressure of reinforcement |
| CN107100652A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-08-29 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of compliant impact resistant method for protecting support and device |
| CN109538247A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-29 | 江苏建筑职业技术学院 | It is a kind of for building the concrete filled steel tube arch of gallery supporting |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113356911A (en) | 2021-09-07 |
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Effective date of registration: 20231225 Address after: 030600 Shanxi Province Jinzhong City Shanxi Comprehensive Reform Demonstration Zone Jinzhong Development Zone New Energy Vehicle Park, No. 369 Guang'an East Street, New Energy Low Carbon Technology Industrial Park, Building 6, North Fourteen Spans Applicant after: SHANXI MEIJIA MINING EQUIPMENT CO.,LTD. Address before: 1003, Building A, Zhiyun Industrial Park, No. 13 Huaxing Road, Tongsheng Community, Dalang Street, Longhua District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518000 Applicant before: Shenzhen Wanzhida Enterprise Management Co.,Ltd. Effective date of registration: 20231225 Address after: 1003, Building A, Zhiyun Industrial Park, No. 13 Huaxing Road, Tongsheng Community, Dalang Street, Longhua District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518000 Applicant after: Shenzhen Wanzhida Enterprise Management Co.,Ltd. Address before: 443002 No. 8, University Road, Xiling District, Yichang, Hubei Applicant before: CHINA THREE GORGES University |
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