CN113354667A - 一种8-羟基喹啉衍生物合镉配合物染料敏化剂(BDTT-VCd)及其制备方法与用途 - Google Patents
一种8-羟基喹啉衍生物合镉配合物染料敏化剂(BDTT-VCd)及其制备方法与用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及如式1所示的一种D(‑A‑π‑A)2型8‑羟基喹啉衍生物合镉配合物染料敏化剂(BDTT‑VCd)及其制备方法与用途。该染料敏化剂是以含有辅助电子受体(A)、π桥、主电子受体(A)和锚定基团等功能团的8‑羟基喹啉衍生物合镉配合物通过Heck偶联与电子给体(D)苯并二噻吩联二噻吩(BDTT)反应合成的D(‑A‑π‑A)2型配合物。实验以该配合物为染料敏化剂的染料敏化太阳能电池的光伏性能测试表现出较好的效果:光电转化效率(PCE)达到8.26%,染料热稳定性高,其热分解温度达到了280℃以上,能满足作为光伏材料的需求,这将在染料敏化太阳能电池的基础开发应用方面具有一定的前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于染料敏化太阳能电池光电敏化材料的8-羟基喹啉衍生物合镉配合物染料敏化剂(BDTT-VCd)及其制备方法与用途,属于新材料中的光电材料领域。
背景技术
染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)作为太阳能应用最重要的手段之一,以其高效率、制备简单、低污染和成本很低等优点,受到了世界范围内的普遍关注,染料敏化剂作为染料敏化太阳能电池完成光电转换最核心的部分,更是研究的重点。有机类敏化剂因为其光电转换效率相对比较低以及稳定性相对比较差等缺陷限制了其发展,钌类染料敏化剂由于成本高难以推广应用,发展也受到了一定限制,本发明使用了常见便宜的过渡金属镉(Cd)为配位离子所合成的8-羟基喹啉衍生物合镉配合物染料敏化剂(BDTT-VCd),既结合了有机类染料结构灵活性和含金属类染料光电性能好的优点,又克服了纯有机类染料稳定性差和钌类染料敏化剂成本高的缺陷,成为了非常具有发展前景的敏化剂。研究表明双受体(A)结构的染料敏化剂性能优越,本发明合成了双受体D(-A-π-A)2结构的敏化剂,有望通过降低染料间隙、拓宽吸光范围与增加电子注入数目以此得到良好的光电效率,而且本发明设计对称的分子结构对于合成中明显降低了合成成本。
发明内容
本发明目的:为提供和制备一种以苯并二噻吩联二噻吩(BDTT)为给体(D),以羟基喹啉衍生物配合物为辅助电子受体(A),氰基丙烯酸为受体(A)和锚定基团,通过Heck偶联反应合成具有D(-A-π-A)2结构的应用于敏化染料电池中的合镉(Cd)配合物染料敏化剂。该配合物具有良好的吸光能力,光电转化效率达到了8.26%,拥有良好的热稳定性。
其结构通式如下:
式1配合物BDTT-VCd的结构通式
一种8-羟基喹啉衍生物合镉配合物染料敏化剂(BDTT-VCd)制备方法:
(1).5-甲酰-8-羟基喹啉的合成:称取8-羟基喹啉加入三口烧瓶中,倒入无水乙醇搅拌溶解。量取一定量CHCl3缓慢滴加,滴加完毕后加入六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)作为相转移催化剂,搅拌30min以上,室温下缓慢滴加NaOH溶剂,注意控制滴加速度,防止因升温而暴沸。滴加完后搅拌一小时以上,将体系加热至78℃左右反应12h以上。旋转蒸发除去溶剂,将得到的黑色粘稠固体倒入蒸馏水中,用10%的稀盐酸将pH调至约5.0,将混合物抽滤所得的土黄色固体粗产物干燥完全。干燥后的固体研磨细,用石油醚抽提12h以上,再用无水乙醇重结晶,得到淡黄色固体。
(2).5-甲酰-8-对甲苯磺酰氧基喹啉的合成:将5-甲酰-8-羟基喹啉加入三口烧瓶中,量取一定量CHCl3加入,搅拌溶解后,缓慢滴入少量三乙胺,搅拌1h以上,将对甲苯磺酰氯溶于CH2Cl2,冰浴条件下,缓慢滴加到体系中,搅拌1h以上,再将体系转移到室温继续反应12h以上。依次用蒸馏水和饱和NaHCO3溶液充分洗涤混合液多次,收集有机层,无水MgSO4干燥过夜,过滤,旋转蒸发除去溶剂,真空干燥后得到土黄色固体。
(3).5-乙烯基-8-羟基喹啉的合成:称取5-甲酰-8-对甲苯磺酰氧基喹啉和甲基三苯基溴化膦放入烧瓶中,加入精制四氢呋喃搅拌溶解后,缓慢加入少量NaH,氮气保护下加热至67℃左右,反应12h以上。冷却至室温,依次缓慢加入蒸馏水和甲醇,用CH2Cl2萃取,收集的有机层用无水MgSO4干燥过夜,过滤,旋转蒸发除去溶剂得到黄绿色粗产物,粗产物经过硅胶过柱纯化。(SiO2,石油醚/CH2Cl2,6-10/1,v/v),得到淡黄色固体产物。
(4).2-氰基-3-(8-羟基喹啉-5-基)丙烯酸的合成:将称取好的5-甲酰-8-羟基喹啉和氰基乙酸放入三口烧瓶内,加入乙腈,搅拌使其溶解后依次加入冰醋酸和哌啶,加热至85℃左右反应24h以上。旋转蒸发使混合物接近饱和,在0℃冷却至产物沉淀析出,过滤干燥,粗产物用25%的乙醇重结晶三次以上,得橘黄色固体。
(5).含Cd配合物(VCd)的合成:称取5-乙烯基8-羟基喹啉和2-氰基-3-(8-羟基喹啉-5-基)丙烯酸加入三口烧瓶中,量取四氢呋喃加入,搅拌使其溶解,将Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O溶解于甲醇后用恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴加至烧瓶中,滴加完后,测试pH,保持pH为弱酸性,必要时用冰醋酸或氨水调节pH,回流反应12h以上。待降至室温后过滤,沉淀物用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤数次,再用无水甲醇重结晶,真空干燥完全后得到橙黄色固体。
(6).偶联金属配合物(BDTT-VCd)的合成:偶联物(BDTT-VCd)是根据Heck偶联反应合成的。称取VCd,2,6-二溴-4,8-二(5-(2-乙基辛基)噻吩-2-基)苯并[1,2-b:4,5-b']二噻吩(BDTT),催化剂醋酸钯(Pd(CH3COO))2,和三(2-甲苯基)膦,然后加入精制的DMF溶剂,以及干燥过的三乙胺,在氮气保护下,将温度升高到90℃左右反应48h以上。停止反应后,将体系静置到室温,过滤,并用无水甲醇洗涤数次,得到的产物为黄色固体。
一种8-羟基喹啉衍生物合镉配合物染料敏化剂(BDTT-VCd)的用途:在染料敏化太阳能电池中用作吸收太阳光并产生和传输电子的染料敏化剂材料。
此发明的主要优势在于:发明一种8-羟基喹啉衍生物合镉配合物染料敏化剂(BDTT-VCd),以8-羟基喹啉衍生物的金属配合物为辅助电子受体(A),苯并二噻吩联二噻吩(BDTT)做电子给体(D),另一个8-羟基喹啉为π桥,氰基丙烯酸为受体(A)和锚定基团通过Heck偶联反应合成了一种具有D(-A-π-A)2结构的偶联金属配合物染料敏化剂,该敏化剂具有很强的给体(D)到受体(A)电子传输能力,从而加大了染料敏化剂对光谱的吸收范围和吸光强度,表现出优良的光伏性能,光电转化效率很高。有高的热和光稳定性,有利于实际应用。
附图说明
图1本发明实施例合成的5-甲酰-8-羟基喹啉的核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)(400MHz,CDCl3,TMS);
图2本发明实施例合成的5-甲酰-8-对甲苯磺酰氧基喹啉的核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)(400MHz,CDCl3,TMS);
图3本发明实施例合成的5-乙烯基-8-羟基喹啉的核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)(400MHz,CDCl3,TMS);
图4本发明实施例合成的2-氰基-3-(8-羟基喹啉-5-基)丙烯酸的核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)(400MHz,CDCl3,TMS);
图5本发明实施例合成的化合物VCd的红外光谱(IR)(KBr晶体压片,4000-400cm-1);
图6本发明实施例合成的化合物BDTT-VCd的红外光谱(IR)(KBr晶体压片,4000-400cm-1);
图7本发明实施例合成的化合物BDTT-VCd的紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis);
图8本发明实施例合成的化合物BDTT-VCd的热重分析(TGA)曲线(TGA)(25-800℃,N2);
图9本发明实施例合成的化合物BDTT-VCd作染料敏化剂的染料敏化太阳能电池的电流密度-电压(J-V)曲线;
图10本发明实施例合成的化合物BDTT-VCd作染料敏化剂的染料敏化太阳能电池的外量子效率(IPCE)曲线。
具体实施方式
本发明的化合物的反应合成路线为:
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1:
一种8-羟基喹啉衍生物合镉配合物染料敏化剂(BDTT-VCd)。其分子结构式为:
上述镉的配合物BDTT-VCd的制备方法:
A.5-甲酰-8-羟基喹啉的合成:称取25g(0.172mol)8-羟基喹啉加入500mL三口烧瓶中,倒入100mL无水乙醇搅拌溶解。量取25mL CHCl3缓慢滴加,滴加完毕后加入0.1g(0.3mol)十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)作为相转移催化剂,搅拌30min,室温下缓慢滴加NaOH溶剂(NaOH 50g,H2O 65mL),注意控制滴加速度,防止因升温而暴沸。滴加完后搅拌一小时,将体系加热至78℃反应12h。旋转蒸发除去溶剂,将黑色粘稠固体倒入500mL蒸馏水中,用10%的稀盐酸将pH调至5.0,将混合物抽滤所得的土黄色固体粗产物干燥完全。干燥后的固体研磨细,用石油醚抽提12h,再用无水乙醇重结晶,得到淡黄色固体5.06g,产率17%。m.p.172-173℃。1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):10.14(s,1H),9.67-9.69(d,1H),8.88-8.96(d,1H),7.99-8.02(d,1H),7.66-7.68(q,1H),7.28-7.31(d,1H).13C-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):192.07,157.84,148.74,140.48,137.85,134.77,126.59,124.74,123.56,108.99.
B.5-甲酰-8-对甲苯磺酰氧基喹啉的合成:将2.59g(15mmol)5-甲酰-8-羟基喹啉加入150mL三口烧瓶中,量取70mL的CHCl3加入,搅拌溶解后,缓慢滴入少量三乙胺,搅拌1h,将3.245g(17mmol)对甲苯磺酰氯溶于30mL CH2Cl2,冰浴条件下,缓慢滴加到体系中,搅拌1h后,将体系转移到室温继续反应12h。依次用蒸馏水和饱和NaHCO3溶液充分洗涤混合液多次,收集有机层,无水MgSO4干燥过夜,过滤,旋转蒸发除去溶剂,真空干燥后得到土黄色固体3.96g,产率84%。m.p.90-91℃。1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):10.21(s,1H),9.61-9.63(d,1H),8.92-8.86(d,1H),8.07-8.16(q,1H),7.84-7.88(d,1H),7.71-7.80(d,2H),7.40-7.49(d,2H),7.37-7.45(d,1H),2.45-2.51(s,3H).Anal.Calcd.for[C17H13NSO4]:C,64.76;H,4.13;N,4.44;S,10.16;Found:C,63.87;H,4.02;N,4.78;S,9.97%.
C.5-乙烯基-8-羟基喹啉的合成:称取3.15g(10mmol)5-甲酰-8-对甲苯磺酰氧基喹啉和3.927g(11mmol)甲基三苯基溴化膦放入150mL烧瓶中,加入100mL精制四氢呋喃搅拌溶解后,缓慢加入少量NaH,氮气保护下加热至67℃,反应12h。冷却至室温,依次缓慢加入50mL蒸馏水和50mL甲醇,用CH2Cl2萃取,收集的有机层用无水MgSO4干燥过夜,过滤,旋转蒸发除去溶剂得到黄绿色粗产物,粗产物经过硅胶过柱纯化。(SiO2,石油醚/CH2Cl2,10/1,v/v),得到淡黄色固体产物0.71g,产率60%。m.p.120-121℃。1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):8.81(s,1H),8.36-8.40(d,1H),7.76-7.88(d,1H),7.60-7.62(d,1H),7.54-7.56(d,1H),7.40-7.43(m,1H),7.27-7.28(m,1H),5.79-5.83(d,1H),5.53-5.57(d,1H).13C-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):150.48,145.05,141.49,135.16,133.23,132.19,127.28,123.36,122.22,121.64,119.14.
D.2-氰基-3-(8-羟基喹啉-5-基)丙烯酸的合成:将称取好的5.190g(30mmol)5-甲酰-8-羟基喹啉和3.825g(45mmol)氰基乙酸放入150mL三口烧瓶内,加入60mL乙腈,搅拌使其溶解后依次加入15mL冰醋酸和25滴哌啶,加热至85℃反应24h。旋转蒸发使混合物接近饱和,在0℃冷却至产物沉淀析出,过滤干燥后4.720g,产率为65%,粗产物用25%的乙醇重结晶三次,得橘黄色固体,熔点200-201℃。1HNMR(DMSO-d6,ppm):8.94(d,1H,Ar-H),8.87(s,1H,-CH=),8.60-8.62(d,1H,Ar-H),8.41-8.43(d,1H,Ar-H),7.69-7.72(q,1H,Ar-H),7.25-7.27(d,1H,Ar-H)。羟基和羧基上的活泼氢在核磁氢谱中无法表征出,但可通过以下表征证明目标产物成功合成。FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3447(O-H),2221(C≡N),1580(C=C),1530(C=N).13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm):164.19,159.11,150.01,149.44,138.67,132.67,132.56,131.15,128.71,123.93,118.86,117.29,112.16,102.97.Anal.Calcd.for[C13H8N2O3]:C,65.00;H,3.36;N,11.66%.Found:C,64.74;H,3.44;N,11.46%。
E.含Cd配合物(VCd)的合成:称取0.342g(2mmol)5-乙烯基8-羟基喹啉和0.48g(2mmol)2-氰基-3-(8-羟基喹啉-5-基)丙烯酸加入150mL三口烧瓶中,量取50mL四氢呋喃加入,搅拌使其溶解,将0.585g(2.2mmol)Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O溶解于20mL甲醇后用恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴加至烧瓶中,滴加完后,测试pH,保持pH为弱酸性,必要时用冰醋酸或氨水调节pH,回流反应12h。待降至室温后过滤,沉淀物用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤数次,再用无水甲醇重结晶,真空干燥完全后得到橙黄色固体0.58g,产率56%。FT-IR(KBr,cm-1):3425(O-H),2215(C≡N),1606(C=N),1568(C=C),1099(C-O-Cd),500(N-Cd).Anal.Calcd.for[C24H15N3O4Cd]:C,55.24;H,2.90;N,8.05.Found:C,55.11;H,2.84;N,8.13%。
F.偶联金属配合物(BDTT-VCd)的合成:称取VCd(0.174g,0.3mmol),2,6-二溴-4,8-二(5-(2-乙基辛基)噻吩-2-基)苯并[1,2-b:4,5-b']二噻吩(BDTT)(0.11g,0.15mmol),催化剂醋酸钯(Pd(CH3COO)2,0.0021g,0.0094mmol)和三(2-甲苯基)膦(0.018g,0.06mmol),然后加入精制的DMF溶剂8mL,以及干燥过的三乙胺(3mL),在氮气保护下,将温度升高到90℃左右反应48h。停止反应后,将体系静置到室温,过滤,并用无水甲醇洗涤数次,得到的产物为黄色固体0.120g,产率49%。FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3407(O-H),2928,2862(C-H),2203(C≡N),1596(C=N),1555(C=C),1087(C-O-Cd),488(N-Cd).Anal.Calcd.for[C82H68N6O8S4Cd2]:C,60.85;H,4.23;N,5.19;S,7.92.Found:C,61.17;H,4.39;N,5.03;S,7.81%.Mn=1.62Kg/mol。
实施例2:
测定聚合金属配合物染料BDTT-VCd的热重分析(TGA)曲线,方法:型号为SDT Q50热重分析仪,N2保护下以20℃/min的升温速度进行测试,测试结果如图8。
实施例3:
J-V曲线测试光源为氙灯模拟的光强100mW/cm2的AM 1.5G的太阳光,通过Keithley 2400数字源表改变电压并记录电流随电压的变化值;IPCE测试由OrielCornerstone单色仪提供光源,在短路条件下测得,波长的测试间隔为10nm。DSSC的有效工作面积为0.25cm2;测定以聚合金属配合物(BDTT-VCd)为染料敏化剂的染料敏化太阳能电池的性能参数和光电转换效率,其电池电流密度-电压(J-V)曲线如图9,电池外量子效率(IPCE)曲线如图10;表一是它们的光伏性能和光电转换效率测试结果。
表1基于偶联金属配合物染料敏化剂的DSSC的光伏性能数据
Claims (3)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种8-羟基喹啉衍生物合镉配合物染料敏化剂(BDTT-VCd)的制备方法:
(1)5-甲酰-8-羟基喹啉的合成
称取8-羟基喹啉加入三口烧瓶中,倒入无水乙醇搅拌溶解。量取CHCl3缓慢滴加,滴加完毕后加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)作为相转移催化剂,搅拌30min以上,室温下缓慢滴加NaOH溶剂,注意控制滴加速度,防止因升温而暴沸。滴加完后搅拌一小时以上,将体系加热至78℃左右反应12h以上。旋转蒸发除去溶剂,将黑色粘稠固体倒入蒸馏水中,用10%的稀盐酸将pH调至约5.0左右,将混合物抽滤所得的土黄色固体粗产物干燥完全。干燥后的固体研磨细,用石油醚抽提12h以上,再用无水乙醇重结晶,得到淡黄色固体。
(2)5-甲酰-8-对甲苯磺酰氧基喹啉的合成
将5-甲酰-8-羟基喹啉加入三口烧瓶中,量取的CHCl3加入,搅拌溶解后,缓慢滴入少量三乙胺,搅拌1h以上,将对甲苯磺酰氯溶于CH2Cl2,冰浴条件下,缓慢滴加到体系中,搅拌1h以上后,将体系转移到室温继续反应12h以上。依次用蒸馏水和饱和NaHCO3溶液充分洗涤混合液多次,收集有机层,无水MgSO4干燥过夜,过滤,旋转蒸发除去溶剂,真空干燥后得到土黄色固体。
(3)5-乙烯基-8-羟基喹啉的合成
称取5-甲酰-8-对甲苯磺酰氧基喹啉和甲基三苯基溴化膦放入烧瓶中,加入精制四氢呋喃搅拌溶解后,缓慢加入少量NaH,氮气保护下加热至67℃左右,反应12h以上。冷却至室温,依次缓慢加入蒸馏水和甲醇,用CH2Cl2萃取,收集的有机层用无水MgSO4干燥过夜,过滤,旋转蒸发除去溶剂得到黄绿色粗产物,粗产物经过硅胶过柱纯化。(SiO2,石油醚/CH2Cl2,6-10/1,v/v),得到淡黄色固体产物。
(4)2-氰基-3-(8-羟基喹啉-5-基)丙烯酸的合成
将称取好的5-甲酰-8-羟基喹啉和氰基乙酸放入三口烧瓶内,加入乙腈,搅拌使其溶解后依次加入冰醋酸和滴哌啶,加热至85℃左右反应24h以上。旋转蒸发使混合物接近饱和,在0℃冷却至产物沉淀析出,过滤干燥,粗产物用25%的乙醇重结晶三次以上,得橘黄色固体。
(5)含Cd(II)配合物(VCd)的合成
称取5-乙烯基8-羟基喹啉和2-氰基-3-(8-羟基喹啉-5-基)丙烯酸加入三口烧瓶中,量取四氢呋喃加入,搅拌使其溶解,将Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O溶解于甲醇后用恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴加至烧瓶中,滴加完后,测试pH,保持pH为弱酸性,必要时用冰醋酸或氨水调节pH,回流反应12h以上。待降至室温后过滤,沉淀物用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤数次,再用无水甲醇重结晶,真空干燥完全后得到橙黄色固体。
(6)偶联金属配合物(BDTT-VCd)的合成
偶联物(BDTT-VCd)是根据Heck偶联反应合成的。称取VCd,2,6-二溴-4,8-二(5-(2-乙基辛基)噻吩-2-基)苯并[1,2-b:4,5-b']二噻吩(BDTT),催化剂醋酸钯(Pd(CH3COO)2)和三(2-甲苯基)膦,然后加入精制的DMF溶剂,以及干燥过的三乙胺,在氮气保护下,将温度升高到90℃左右反应48h以上。停止反应后,将体系静置到室温,过滤,并用无水甲醇洗涤数次,得到的产物为黄色固体。
3.一种8-羟基喹啉衍生物合镉配合物染料敏化剂(BDTT-VCd)的用途:在染料敏化太阳能电池中用作吸收太阳光并产生和传输电子的染料敏化剂材料。
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