CN113354588B - 一种手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN113354588B
CN113354588B CN202010143752.9A CN202010143752A CN113354588B CN 113354588 B CN113354588 B CN 113354588B CN 202010143752 A CN202010143752 A CN 202010143752A CN 113354588 B CN113354588 B CN 113354588B
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范鸿川
段鹏飞
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种手性发光金属‑有机笼状配合物及其制备方法和应用,所述手性发光金属‑有机笼状配合物是通过手性构象配体和金属离子配位形成的,所述手性构象配体为四苯乙烯基衍生物的手性构象配体;通过四苯乙烯衍生物与手性溶剂相互作用,形成手性构象,产生对称性破缺,再加入金属离子,生成配合物,形成构象锁,将四苯乙烯的手性构象锁住,得到同时具备较好手性和发光性能的金属‑有机笼状配合物;该手性发光金属‑有机笼状配合物的合成方法简单,无需通过繁琐的手性拆分即可得到;由于其具有稳定的发光性能,有望作为潜在的手性光催化剂或应用于手性识别。

Description

一种手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于材料领域,涉及一种手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
在过去的几十年里,离散的金属-有机笼型配合物因其良好的尺寸和形状,得到了科学家的广泛关注,结合手性,在生物成像,催化、主客体识别等方面有着广阔的应用前景。
制备手性的金属-有机笼型配合物也成为世界各国化学家研究前沿领域。手性配合物手性来源可以是配体或金属配位方式具有手性,而配体的手性又可分为中心手性,面手性,轴手性,螺旋手性等。
具有聚集诱导发光(AIE)性质的四苯乙烯作为一类明星分子,在各个方面得到了广泛的研究,将其引入金属-有机笼中也见诸报道(例如a)H.H.Duan,Cheng,Y.Yu,L.P.Caoet al.,Angew.Chem.-Int.Edit.,2020,11;b)X.Yan,T.R.Cook,F.Huang,P.J.Stang etal.,Nature Chemistry 2015,7,342;c)Y.Li,Y.-Y.Wang,Y.-F.Han,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2019,58,2)。四苯乙烯分子本身并无手性,但其的某种极端构象,四个苯环沿顺/逆时针倾斜,类似于螺旋桨,是具有手性的,如何控制其手性也是一个值得关注的问题。
关于控制四苯乙烯手性以进行了诸多研究,(例如a)H.Qu,Z.Tian,X.Cao,et al.,J.Am.Chem.Soc.2017,139,18142;b)W.-G.Qiao,M.Liu,Y.-S.Zheng,J.Mater.Chem.C2018,6,3427c)J.-B.Xiong,M.Liu,Y.-S.Zheng,J.Am.Chem.Soc.2016,138,11469)。文献Z.X.Lu,L.Y.Zheng,H.B.Zhang et al.,Chem.Commun.,2019,55,8474报道了一种基于四苯乙烯的金属-有机笼的制备方法,研究其结构,我们发现该金属-有机笼型配合物具有外消旋的性质。通过手性拆分能得到一对对映异构体,手性来源是四苯乙烯的手性构象,在配位过程中,构象被固定,从而产生手性。
因此,提供一种无需通过繁琐的手性拆分,且同时兼具手性和发光性能的金属-有机笼状配合物非常有必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物及其制备方法和应用,本发明通过四苯乙烯衍生物与手性溶剂相互作用,形成手性构象,产生对称性破缺,再加入金属离子,生成配合物,形成构象锁,将四苯乙烯的手性构象锁住,得到同时具备较好手性和发光性能的金属-有机笼状配合物;该手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物的合成方法简单,无需通过繁琐的手性拆分即可得到;由于其具有稳定的发光性能,有望作为潜在的手性光催化剂或应用于手性识别。
为达到此发明目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物,所述手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物是通过手性构象配体和金属离子配位形成的,所述手性构象配体为四苯乙烯基衍生物的手性构象配体。
本发明中手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物是通过四苯乙烯基衍生物配体和金属离子配位形成的,在配位过程中,四苯乙烯基衍生物的手性构象被锁定,从而得到具有稳定手性和发光性能的金属-有机笼状配合物。
本发明中四苯乙烯基衍生物的配体在金属离子作用下,由于空间位阻的作用,从而固定了苯环的偏转方向,使得四苯乙烯上的苯环沿同一方向偏转,产生了具有逆时针和顺时针取向(M和P)的螺旋手性构象。
在本发明中,所述金属离子包括银离子、铂离子或铜离子中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,优选银离子。
在本发明中,所述四苯乙烯基衍生物配体的手性是通过四苯乙烯基衍生物和手性溶剂相互作用产生的。
本发明中四苯乙烯基衍生物和手性溶剂是通过物理的相互作用,形成手性构象,产生对称性破缺;若不采用手性溶剂,则不能形成手性构象。
本发明中四苯乙烯基衍生物本身并无手性,但具有手性的构象,四苯乙烯基衍生物的手性构象配体的手性构象的来源是四苯乙烯基衍生物和手性溶剂相互作用。
在本发明中,所述手性溶剂包括(R)-1-苯基乙醇、(S)-1-苯基乙醇、(R)-柠檬烯或(S)-柠檬烯中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
其中(R)-1-苯基乙醇和(S)-1-苯基乙醇结构如下:
Figure BDA0002399993010000031
其中(R)-柠檬烯和(S)-柠檬烯结构如下:
Figure BDA0002399993010000032
在本发明中,以手性溶剂的添加体积为1mL计,所述四苯乙烯基衍生物的添加量为1-5mg,例如1mg、1.5mg、2mg、2.5mg、3mg、3.5mg、4mg、4.5mg、5mg等。
在本发明中,所述四苯乙烯基衍生物具有式(I)所示的结构:
Figure BDA0002399993010000041
其中,R为取代或未取代的含氮杂环芳香基团;
取代的取代基包括卤素、C1-C10(例如C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9、C10)的烷基、C2-C10(例如C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9、C10)的烯烃基、C2-C10(例如C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9、C10)的炔烃基、C6-C30(例如C6、C8、C10、C12、C14、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26、C28、C30等)的芳基、磺酰基、羟基、羧基、酯基或氨基中的任意一种。
在本发明中,所述R选自取代或未取代的咪唑基、取代或未取代的吡啶基、取代或未取代的喹喔啉基、取代或未取代的苯并咪唑基、取代或未取代的萘并咪唑基中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
优选地,所述R选自咪唑基、苯并咪唑基或萘并咪唑基中的任意一种。
以R为咪唑为例,金属离子为银离子为例,手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物的构型如图1所示,使得四苯乙烯衍生物中的苯环沿同一个方向偏转,产生了具有逆时针(P-Cage)和顺时针(M-Cage)的螺旋手性构型。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种如目的之一所述的手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物的制备方法,所述制备方法包括:将四苯乙烯基衍生物的手性构象配体加入到金属盐溶液中,混合,得到所述手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物。
本发明中手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物的制备方法简单,原料易得,无需繁琐的手性拆分即能得到。
在本发明中,所述四苯乙烯基衍生物的手性构象配体和金属盐溶液中金属盐的摩尔比为1:(2-5),例如1:2、1:2.5、1:3、1:3.5、1:4、1:4.5、1:5等。
在本发明中,所述金属盐包括银盐、铂盐或铜盐中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,优选银盐。
优选地,所述铂盐包括但不限于二氯化铂和/或六氯合铂酸。
优选地,所述铜盐包括但不限于硝酸铜、氯化铜、硫酸铜或氯化亚铜中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
优选地,所述银盐包括但不限于硝酸银、四氟硼酸银或六氟磷酸银中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
在本发明中,所述混合的时间为0.5-2h,例如0.5h、0.6h、0.7h、0.8h、0.9h、1h、1.1h、1.2h、1.3h、1.4h、1.5h、1.6h、1.7h、1.8h、1.9h、2h等。
在本发明中,所述制备方法还包括将混合后得到的混合物依次进行分离、清洗以及干燥。
在本发明中,所述分离包括将混合后得到的混合物先进行离心分离,而后收集固体。
在本发明中,所述清洗包括用甲醇和/或乙醚对收集的固体进行清洗。
本发明的目的之三在于提供一种如目的之一所述的手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物在生物成像检测中的应用。
本发明的目的之四在于提供一种如目的之一所述的手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物作为手性催化剂在手性催化中的应用。
本发明的目的之五在于提供一种如目的之一所述的手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物作为发光层在主客体识别中的应用。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明中手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物是通过四苯乙烯衍生物与手性溶剂相互作用,形成手性构象,产生对称性破缺,而后再加入金属离子,生成配合物,形成构象锁,将四苯乙烯的手性构象锁住,得到同时具备较好手性和发光性能的金属-有机笼状配合物;该手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物的合成方法简单,无需通过繁琐的手性拆分即可得到;由于其具有稳定的发光性能,有望作为潜在的手性光催化剂或应用于手性识别。
附图说明
图1是发明内容部分以R为咪唑为例,金属离子为银离子为例,手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物的构型图;
图2是实施例1得到的产物的紫外-可见吸收光谱以及荧光发光光谱图;
图3是实施例2得到的产物的紫外-可见吸收光谱以及荧光发光光谱图;
图4是实施例1和实施例2得到的产物的红外光谱图;
图5是实施例1、实施例2以及对比例1得到的产物的圆二色谱图;
图6是实施例3得到的产物的紫外-可见吸收光谱以及荧光发光光谱图;
图7是实施例4得到的产物的紫外-可见吸收光谱以及荧光发光光谱图;
图8是实施例3、实施例4以及对比例2得到的产物的红外光谱图;
图9是实施例3、实施例4以及对比例2得到的产物的圆二色谱图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。本领域技术人员应该明了,所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
具体实施方式中提到的合成方法中用到的有机配体如TBI-TPE、TNI-TPE等是由自己合成,其余化合物试剂未经特殊说明均是通过商业途径获得的,如(R)-1-苯基乙醇、(S)-1-苯基乙醇、(R)-柠檬烯、(S)-柠檬烯等均是从国内化工产品市场购买得到的,例如购买自TCI公司、百灵威试剂公司、西格玛公司、国药集团等,另外,本领域技术人员也可以通过公知方法合成。
具体实施方式中化合物的分析检测使用MALDI-TOF质谱仪型号为BEFLEX III质谱,圆二色吸收光谱仪的型号为JASCO-1500,紫外-可见吸收光谱仪的型号为日立U-3900,荧光光谱仪的型号为FS5,红外光谱仪型号为傅立叶变换红外光谱仪Spectrum One。
Figure BDA0002399993010000071
TBI-TPE的合成方法参考文献Z.X.Lu,L.Y.Zheng,H.B.Zhang et al.,Chem.Commun.,2019,55,8474,取92mg,0.2mmol四-(4-醛基苯基)乙烯(46mg,0.1mmol)溶于10mL乙醇中,加入260mg,2.6mmol邻苯二胺,92mg,1.2mmol乙酸铵,75℃下搅拌回流5小时。反应停止后通过柱层析分离提纯得到产物,产率75%,即TBI-TPE。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,25℃):12.852(4H,s),8.037(8H,d),7.634(4H,d),7.464(4H,d),7.301(8H,d),7.157(8H,dd)。质谱分析m/z=797,归属为[TBI-TPE-H]+
TNI-TPE的合成方法与TBI-TPE相似,将邻苯二胺替换为等摩尔量的邻萘二胺,产率50%,1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,25℃):12.908(4H,s),8.174(12H,d),7.936(12H,s),7.393(16H,d)。质谱分析m/z=997,归属为[TNI-TPE-H]+
实施例1
本实施例提供一种手性发光金属-有机笼的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
称取20mg TBI-TPE,加入10mL(R)-1-苯基乙醇,搅拌溶解,而后加入200μL浓度为45mg/mL硝酸银水溶液,常温搅拌2小时,离心收集固体,并依次用甲醇、乙醚各洗涤三次,干燥得到产物,产率为70%。
对本实施例得到的产物进行质谱表征,m/z=2021,归属为[Ag4(TBI-TPE)2-H]+
图2为实施例1得到的产物的紫外-可见吸收光谱以及荧光发光光谱图(其中:测试用溶剂为二甲亚砜,荧光测试激光波长为330nm),从图2可知该产物发射峰在530nm。
实施例2
与实施例1的区别仅在于将(R)-1-苯基乙醇换为(S)-1-苯基乙醇,其余制备方法均与实施例1相同,产率为66%。
对本实施例得到的产物进行质谱表征,m/z=2021,归属为[Ag4(TBI-TPE)2-H]+
图3为实施例2得到的产物的紫外-可见吸收光谱以及荧光发光光谱图(其中:测试用溶剂为二甲亚砜,荧光测试激光波长为330nm),从图3可知该产物发射峰在530nm。
图4为实施例1和实施例2得到的产物的红外光谱图,从图4可知,实施例1和实施例2得到的手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物均在1384cm-1的出现一个尖锐而强烈的峰,说明形成了金属-有机笼状的结构。
对比例1
与实施例1的区别仅在于将(R)-1-苯基乙醇替换为甲醇,其余制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对本对比例得到的产物进行质谱表征,m/z=2021,归属为[Ag4(TBI-TPE)2-H]+
图5为实施例1、实施例2以及对比例1得到的产物的圆二色谱图,从图5可知,实施例1和实施例2得到的产物具有手性光学行为,而对比例1得到的产物不具有圆二吸收性质,说明不具备手性光学行为。
实施例3
称取20mg TNI-TPE,加入10mL(R)-1-苯基乙醇,搅拌溶解,而后加入200μL浓度为35mg/mL硝酸银水溶液,常温搅拌2小时,离心收集固体,并依次用甲醇、乙醚各洗涤三次,干燥得到产物,产率:60%。
对本实施例得到的产物进行质谱表征,m/z=2421,归属为[Ag4(TNI-TPE)2-H]+
图6为实施例3得到的产物的紫外-可见吸收光谱以及荧光发光光谱图(其中:测试用溶剂为二甲亚砜,荧光测试激光波长为330nm),从图6可知该产物发射峰在570nm。
实施例4
与实施例3的区别仅在于将(R)-1-苯基乙醇替换为同等摩尔数的(S)-1-苯基乙醇,其余制备方法均与实施例3相同。
对本实施例得到的产物进行质谱表征,m/z=2421,归属为[Ag4(TNI-TPE)2-H]+
图7为实施例4得到的产物的紫外-可见吸收光谱以及荧光发光光谱图(其中:测试用溶剂为二甲亚砜,荧光测试激光波长为330nm),从图7可知该产物发射峰在570nm。
对比例2
与实施例3的区别仅在于将(R)-1-苯基乙醇替换为甲醇,其余制备方法均与实施例3相同。
对本对比例得到的产物进行质谱表征,m/z=2421,归属为[Ag4(TNI-TPE)2-H]+
图8为实施例3、实施例4以及对比例2得到的产物的红外光谱图,从图8可知,实施例3、实施例4和对比例2得到的产物均在1400cm-1出现一个尖锐而强烈的峰,说明形成了金属-有机笼状的结构。
图9为实施例3、实施例4以及对比例2得到的产物的圆二色谱图,从图9可知,实施例3和实施例4得到的产物具有手性光学行为,对比例2得到的产物不具有圆二吸收性质,说明不具备手性光学行为。
实施例5
与实施例1的区别仅在于将TBI-TPE替换为同等摩尔数的如下化合物,其余制备方法均与实施例1相同。
Figure BDA0002399993010000101
对本实施例得到的产物进行质谱表征,m/z=1621,归属为[Ag4(TI-TPE)2-H]+
通过对本实施例得到的产物进行圆二色谱测试,可知本实施例得到的产物具有手性光学行为。
实施例6
与实施例1的区别仅在于将TBI-TPE替换为同等摩尔数的如下化合物,其余制备方法均与实施例1相同。
Figure BDA0002399993010000111
通过对本实施例得到的产物进行圆二色谱测试,可知本实施例得到的产物具有手性光学行为。
对比例3
与实施例1的区别仅在于将TBI-TPE替换为同等摩尔数的如下结构,其余制备方法均与实施例1相同。
Figure BDA0002399993010000112
通过对本实施例得到的产物进行圆二色谱测试,可知本实施例得到的产物不具有手性光学行为,是因为该结构中不含N原子,无法与银离子形成配位。
申请人声明,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,任何属于本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。

Claims (11)

1.一种手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物,其特征在于,所述手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物是通过具有手性构象的配体和金属离子配位形成的,所述配体为四苯乙烯基衍生物;
所述四苯乙烯基衍生物配体本身并无手性,但具有手性的构象,手性来源是四苯乙烯基衍生物和手性溶剂相互作用;
所述四苯乙烯基衍生物具有式(I)所示的结构:
Figure FDA0003599330950000011
其中,R为未取代的苯并咪唑基、未取代的萘并咪唑基、未取代的咪唑基、未取代的吡啶基;
所述金属离子为银离子;
所述手性溶剂包括(R)-1-苯基乙醇、(S)-1-苯基乙醇、(R)-柠檬烯或(S)-柠檬烯中的任意一种或至少两种的组合;
所述手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物的分子式为[Ag4(R'-TPE)2 -H]+;其中R'-TPE结构如下:
Figure FDA0003599330950000012
Figure FDA0003599330950000021
2.根据权利要求1所述的手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物,其特征在于,以手性溶剂的添加体积为1mL计,所述四苯乙烯基衍生物的添加量为1-5mg。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括:将四苯乙烯基衍生物的手性配体加入到金属盐溶液中,混合,得到所述手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物;
所述金属盐为银盐;
所述四苯乙烯基衍生物的手性配体和金属盐溶液中金属盐的摩尔比为1:(2-5)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述银盐包括硝酸银、四氟硼酸银或六氟磷酸银中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述混合的时间为0.5-2h。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法还包括将混合后得到的混合物依次进行分离、清洗以及干燥。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述分离包括将混合后得到的混合物先进行离心分离,而后收集固体。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述清洗包括用甲醇和/或乙醚对收集的固体进行清洗。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物在生物成像检测中的应用。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物作为手性催化剂在手性催化中的应用。
11.根据权利要求1或2项所述的手性发光金属-有机笼状配合物作为发光层在主客体识别中的应用。
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