CN113351843B - Continuous casting method and device for iron-chromium-aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Continuous casting method and device for iron-chromium-aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN113351843B CN113351843B CN202110617696.2A CN202110617696A CN113351843B CN 113351843 B CN113351843 B CN 113351843B CN 202110617696 A CN202110617696 A CN 202110617696A CN 113351843 B CN113351843 B CN 113351843B
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- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- -1 iron-chromium-aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000024121 nodulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000600 Ba alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OOJQNBIDYDPHHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Ba] OOJQNBIDYDPHHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a continuous casting method and a continuous casting device for iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, which comprise a continuous casting ladle, wherein the continuous casting ladle is connected with a tundish, the tundish is provided with an aluminum alloying area and a casting area communicated with the aluminum alloying area, an iron-chromium mother liquor inlet of the aluminum alloying area is connected with the continuous casting ladle, an aluminum liquor inlet of the aluminum alloying area is connected with an induction furnace for melting the aluminum alloy, and a crystallizer connected with the casting area. The aluminum alloying in the tundish solves the problem that a large amount of Al is generated from the ladle to the tundish due to the oxidation of aluminum during the continuous casting of the high-aluminum alloy 2 O 3 The inclusion causes the problem of continuous casting nozzle nodulation, and realizes multi-furnace continuous casting with more than 3 furnaces.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a manufacturing method of an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, by adopting the method, continuous casting of more than 3 furnaces of the iron-chromium-aluminum alloy can be realized, the production cost is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
Background
The iron-chromium-aluminum high-temperature alloy has low thermal expansion coefficient, strong high-temperature oxidation resistance and low production cost, is a common material for the carrier of the tail gas purifier of the internal combustion engine, and comprises the following typical components: 0.05%, si:0.40%, al:3.50 to 6.00 percent of Cr: 17.0-20.0%, RE: 0.02-0.12%, and the balance being Fe.
Conventional FeCrAl alloy is smelted by adopting an induction furnace, and has the problems of poor alloy cleanliness, high cost and the like. In order to adapt to the purpose of mass production of high-quality FeCrAl, an electric furnace-AOD-LF refining-continuous casting-hot rolling-cold rolling process production flow is developed to produce alloy foil, but because the alloy aluminum content is higher, the continuous casting nozzle is nodulated due to aluminum oxidation in the casting process from a ladle to a tundish, the cleanliness of the alloy is influenced, the number of the common continuous casting furnaces is within 2 furnaces, the production continuity and the yield are seriously influenced, and the production cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The continuous casting method and the device of the iron-chromium-aluminum alloy solve the problem that a large amount of Al is generated from the ladle to the tundish due to the oxidation of aluminum during the continuous casting of the high-aluminum alloy by carrying out aluminum alloying on the tundish 2 O 3 The inclusion causes the problem of continuous casting nozzle nodulation, and realizes multi-furnace continuous casting with more than 3 furnaces.
The technical scheme disclosed by the invention is as follows: the continuous casting device for the iron-chromium aluminum alloy comprises a continuous casting ladle, wherein the continuous casting ladle is connected with a tundish, the tundish is provided with an aluminum alloying area and a casting area communicated with the aluminum alloying area, an iron-chromium mother liquor inlet of the aluminum alloying area is connected with the continuous casting ladle, an aluminum liquid inlet of the aluminum alloying area is connected with an induction furnace for melting the aluminum alloy, and a crystallizer is connected with the casting area.
On the basis of the above scheme, preferably, the continuous casting steel Bao An is mounted on a continuous casting ladle turret, and the continuous casting ladle turret is mounted on a continuous casting platform.
On the basis of the above scheme, preferably, the crystallizer is arranged on a continuous casting platform, and an induction furnace for melting aluminum alloy is connected with a tundish trolley.
On the basis of the above scheme, preferably, the aluminum alloying area comprises an area A and an area B which are communicated through a channel I, the area A is provided with an iron-chromium mother liquor inlet, the area B is provided with an aluminum liquor inlet, the area B is communicated with an area C through a channel II, the height of the channel II is higher than that of the channel I, the area C is communicated with an area D through a channel III, the height of the channel III is lower than that of the channel II, the area D is communicated with an area E through a channel IV, the height of the channel IV is lower than that of the channel III, the casting area is an area F which is communicated with the area E through a channel five, and the height of the channel five is lower than that of the channel IV.
On the basis of the scheme, preferably, the first channel and the third channel are positioned at the center of the retaining wall, and the second channel, the fourth channel and the fifth channel are positioned in 1/3 position areas of the retaining wall, which are close to the side of the position of pouring the steel in the middle ladle.
On the basis of the above scheme, preferably, the height of the first channel is 200mm, the height of the second channel is 800mm, the height of the third channel is 600mm, the height of the fourth channel is 400mm, the height of the fifth channel is 200mm, and the diameters of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth channels are 100mm.
On the basis of the above scheme, preferably, the height of the retaining wall between the A, B, C area and the D area is 1000mm, the height of the retaining wall between the E area and the F area is 1200mm, and the thickness of the retaining wall is 100mm.
A continuous casting method of iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, comprising:
a: adding premelted refining slag in a A, B area;
b: respectively injecting aluminum liquid and iron-chromium mother liquor into a A, B area to enable premelted refining slag to be melted and floated on the surfaces of the aluminum liquid and the iron-chromium mother liquor, so that the aluminum liquid and the iron-chromium mother liquor are alloyed in an oxygen-isolated environment and flow to the C, D, E, F area in sequence;
c: when the height of the alloy liquid in the E area reaches more than 400mm, adding premelted refining slag in each of the C, D area and the E area;
d: when the height of the alloy liquid in the area F reaches 800mm, starting a stopper rod by the tundish to perform continuous casting, and adding tundish covering slag in the area F.
In addition to the above, the premelted refining slag preferably contains CaO 60-70% and Al 2 O 3 :15-25％、SiO 2 ≤5％、CaF 2 :2-5％。
On the basis of the above scheme, the covering slag preferably comprises the following components: caO:40-50%; siO (SiO) 2 ：30-40％；C：0-25％；Al 2 O 3 ：Na 2 O+K 2 O：0-15％。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the aluminum alloying of the iron-chromium-aluminum alloy is carried out in a tundish, thereby preventing the secondary oxidation of aluminum to generate Al when the aluminum is poured from a ladle to the tundish in the continuous casting process 2 O 3 The inclusions cause the nodulation of the continuous casting nozzle.
The cleaning treatment of the alloy mother liquor is to firstly carry out alloying, decarburization and refining of chromium element in a conventional electric furnace+AOD+ladle refining furnace, and the refined mother liquor is fed into a 1-2 m/ton silicon-barium alloy wire before casting, so that the Ba content in the alloy is required to be more than or equal to 30%, and continuous casting is directly carried out without soft blowing after wire feeding.
The tundish is used for melting metal aluminum by an induction furnace, and molten metal aluminum liquid is directly injected into an alloying reactor built by the tundish for alloying through controlling the flow of a sliding gate arranged at the bottom of the induction furnace, so that the aluminum alloying and component uniformity tasks of the iron-chromium-aluminum alloy are completed in the alloying reactor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tundish;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the channel;
fig. 3 is a system block diagram of the continuous casting apparatus.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will explain the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is evident that the drawings in the following description are only examples of the invention, from which other drawings and other embodiments can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort.
The main factor influencing the continuous casting of the iron-chromium-aluminum alloy through analysis is that Al in the alloy is caused by a large amount of oxidation of aluminum between a ladle and a tundish in the continuous casting process 2 O 3 The inclusion is increased significantly, and the Al generated by the secondary oxidation is not generated by effective tundish metallurgy measures 2 O 3 Inclusions are removed, and serious continuous casting nozzle nodulation is finally caused. Although the whole-course protection casting technology from the ladle to the tundish is developed for the protection casting from the continuous casting ladle to the tundish, the measure cannot completely avoid Al due to the higher aluminum content in the iron-chromium-aluminum alloy 2 O 3 And (5) generating inclusions.
In view of Al generation during continuous casting of iron-chromium-aluminum alloy 2 O 3 The main link of the method is between a continuous casting ladle and a tundish, and the aluminum alloying process is carried out by placing the ladle into the tundish, and the structural schematic diagram of the tundish designed for the method is shown in figure 1, wherein 11 is a tundish continuous casting pouring gate arranged in an F area and is used for being communicated with a crystallizer; 12 is a retaining wall of an aluminum alloying area, 13 is a stabilizer of an aluminum pouring area, namely an aluminum liquid inlet, 14 is a stabilizer of an iron-chromium mother liquid pouring area, namely an iron-chromium mother liquid inlet, 15 is a masonry retaining wall in a tundish, and the flow field of alloy in the tundish is optimized through channels on the retaining walls to realize aluminum alloying and component uniformity.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the tundish is provided with an aluminum alloying area and a casting area communicated with the aluminum alloying area, the aluminum alloying area comprises an area A and an area B which are communicated through a channel I16, the area A is provided with an iron-chromium mother liquor inlet, the area B is provided with an aluminum liquor inlet, the area B is communicated with an area C through a channel II 17, the height of the channel II is higher than that of the channel I, the area C is communicated with an area D through a channel III 18, the height of the channel III is lower than that of the channel II, the area D is communicated with an area E through a channel IV 19, the height of the channel IV is lower than that of the channel III, the casting area is an area F communicated with the area E through a channel V20, and the height of the channel V is lower than that of the channel IV.
The first channel and the third channel are positioned at the center of the retaining wall, and the second channel, the fourth channel and the fifth channel are positioned in a 1/3 position area of the retaining wall, which is close to the side of the middle ladle casting position.
The height of the first channel is 200mm, the height of the second channel is 800mm, the height of the third channel is 600mm, the height of the fourth channel is 400mm, the height of the fifth channel is 200mm, and the diameters of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth channels are 100mm.
A. The height of the retaining wall between the four areas B, C and D is 1000mm, the height of the retaining wall between the areas E and F is 1200mm, and the thickness of the retaining wall is 100mm.
The relative positions of a ladle, a tundish and an induction furnace for melting alloy in the continuous casting process are shown in fig. 3, wherein 1 is a continuous casting platform, 2 is a continuous casting ladle rotary table, 3 is a continuous casting ladle, 4 is a long water gap for protecting pouring between the ladle and the tundish and used for connecting an iron-chromium mother liquor inlet and the continuous casting ladle, 5 is a continuous casting tundish and also called as a tundish for short, 6 is an induction furnace for melting aluminum alloy, 7 is a tundish trolley, 8 is a protective pouring water gap from the induction furnace to the tundish and used for connecting an aluminum liquor inlet and the induction furnace, 9 is a submerged water gap from the tundish to crystallization and used for connecting a crystallizer and the tundish, and 10 is a continuous casting crystallizer platform called as a crystallizer for short. The continuous casting process is that ferrochrome mother liquor subjected to cleaning treatment is hung to a continuous casting ladle turret through a crown block, master alloy is poured into a tundish through a protection pouring long nozzle, meanwhile, molten aluminum melted through an induction furnace is also poured into the tundish according to the alloy aluminum content proportion, alloying of aluminum is realized in a zone B of the tundish, and the alloy liquid after alloying in the zone B flows through a C, D, E zone respectively and finally enters a zone F for pouring. The flow direction of the alloy in the tundish is shown in fig. 3.
More specifically, the continuous casting device comprises a continuous casting ladle, wherein the continuous casting ladle is connected with a tundish, the tundish is provided with an aluminum alloying area and a casting area communicated with the aluminum alloying area, an iron-chromium mother liquor inlet of the aluminum alloying area is connected with the continuous casting ladle, an aluminum liquid inlet of the aluminum alloying area is connected with an induction furnace for melting aluminum alloy, a crystallizer connected with the casting area is arranged on a continuous casting ladle rotary table, the continuous casting ladle rotary table is arranged on a continuous casting platform, the crystallizer is arranged on the continuous casting platform, and the induction furnace for melting aluminum alloy is connected with a tundish trolley.
When pouring starts, adding premelted refining slag in A, B area, wherein the content of the refining slag is 60-70% of CaO; al (Al) 2 O 3 :15-25％；SiO 2 ≤5％；CaF 2 2-5%. When the height of the alloy liquid in the E area reaches more than 400mm, adding premelted refining slag in each of the C, D area and the E area. When the height of the alloy liquid in the area F reaches 800mm, starting a stopper rod by a tundish to perform continuous casting, and adding tundish covering slag in the area F, wherein the covering slag comprises the following components: caO:40-50%; siO (SiO) 2 ：30-40％；C：0-25％；Al 2 O 3 ：Na 2 O+K 2 O:0-15% of protective slag. The height of the alloy liquid is always kept at 900mm in the whole casting process.
The premelted refining slag has the characteristic of low melting point, and can produce a small amount of Al when being added into A, B area of aluminum liquid and ferrochrome mother liquid 2 O 3 But the premelted refining slag floats to the surfaces of the aluminum liquid and the iron-chromium mother liquid to isolate air and prevent oxidation.
The covering slag contains carbon, and when the covering slag is added, the carbon burns due to high temperature, so that the temperature of the alloy liquid can be prevented from being reduced, and the alloy liquid can be isolated from contacting with air.
It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as needed. The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A continuous casting device for iron-chromium-aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising a continuous casting ladle, wherein the continuous casting ladle is connected with a tundish, the tundish is provided with an aluminum alloying area and a casting area communicated with the aluminum alloying area, an iron-chromium mother liquor inlet of the aluminum alloying area is connected with the continuous casting ladle, an aluminum liquid inlet of the aluminum alloying area is connected with an induction furnace for melting aluminum alloy, a crystallizer connected with the casting area,
the aluminum alloying area comprises an area A and an area B which are communicated through a channel I, wherein the area A is provided with an iron chromium mother liquor inlet, the area B is provided with an aluminum liquor inlet, the area B is communicated with an area C through a channel II, the height of the channel II is higher than that of the channel I, the area C is communicated with an area D through a channel III, the height of the channel III is lower than that of the channel II, the area D is communicated with an area E through a channel IV, the height of the channel IV is lower than that of the channel III, the casting area is an area F which is communicated with the area E through a channel five, the height of the channel five is lower than that of the channel IV,
the first channel and the third channel are positioned at the center of the retaining wall, and the second channel, the fourth channel and the fifth channel are positioned in a 1/3 position area of the retaining wall, which is close to the side of the middle ladle casting position.
2. The continuous casting apparatus for iron-chromium-aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the continuous casting steel Bao An is mounted on a continuous casting ladle turret, and the continuous casting ladle turret is mounted on a continuous casting platform.
3. The continuous casting apparatus for iron-chromium-aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the mold is installed on a continuous casting platform, and an induction furnace for melting the aluminum alloy is connected to the tundish car.
4. The continuous casting device for iron-chromium-aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the height of the first channel is 200mm, the height of the second channel is 800mm, the height of the third channel is 600mm, the height of the fourth channel is 400mm, the height of the fifth channel is 200mm, and the diameters of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth channels are 100mm.
5. The continuous casting device of iron-chromium-aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the height of the retaining wall between the four areas A, B, C and D is 1000mm, the height of the retaining wall between the areas E and F is 1200mm, and the thickness of the retaining wall is 100mm.
6. A continuous casting method of an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, which is continuous casting by using the continuous casting apparatus according to claim 1, comprising:
a: adding premelted refining slag in a A, B area;
b: respectively injecting aluminum liquid and iron-chromium mother liquor into a A, B area to enable premelted refining slag to be melted and floated on the surfaces of the aluminum liquid and the iron-chromium mother liquor, so that the aluminum liquid and the iron-chromium mother liquor are alloyed in an oxygen-isolated environment and flow to the C, D, E, F area in sequence;
c: when the height of the alloy liquid in the E area reaches more than 400mm, adding premelted refining slag in each of the C, D area and the E area;
d: when the height of the alloy liquid in the area F reaches 800mm, starting a stopper rod by the tundish to perform continuous casting, and adding tundish covering slag in the area F.
7. The continuous casting method of iron-chromium-aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein the premelted refining slag contains CaO 60-70% and Al 2 O 3 :15-25%、SiO 2 ≤5%、CaF 2 :2-5%。
8. The continuous casting method of iron-chromium-aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein the composition of the mold flux is: caO:40-50%; siO (SiO) 2 ：30-40％；C：0-25％；Al 2 O 3 ：Na 2 O+K 2 O：0-15％。
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| CN202110617696.2A CN113351843B (en) | 2021-06-03 | 2021-06-03 | Continuous casting method and device for iron-chromium-aluminum alloy |
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| US4050502A (en) * | 1974-12-26 | 1977-09-27 | Midland-Ross Corporation | Method for continuously casting a strip of alloyed metal |
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| RU2092271C1 (en) * | 1995-10-09 | 1997-10-10 | Акционерное общество "Новолипецкий металлургический комбинат" | Method of in-line steel degassing in continuous casting and device for its embodiment |
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-
2021
- 2021-06-03 CN CN202110617696.2A patent/CN113351843B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4050502A (en) * | 1974-12-26 | 1977-09-27 | Midland-Ross Corporation | Method for continuously casting a strip of alloyed metal |
| US5040594A (en) * | 1989-06-12 | 1991-08-20 | Ribbon Technology Corporation | Side feed tundish apparatus and method for the alloying and rapid solidification of molten materials |
| RU2092271C1 (en) * | 1995-10-09 | 1997-10-10 | Акционерное общество "Новолипецкий металлургический комбинат" | Method of in-line steel degassing in continuous casting and device for its embodiment |
| WO2008093042A1 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-07 | Foseco International Limited | Mixing chamber |
| CN104668494A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-06-03 | 北京科技大学 | Continuous casting tundish for synchronously casting molten steel in double steel ladles |
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| Title |
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| 鞍钢板坯连铸机中间包挡墙设置优化与改进;赵连刚, 刘坤, 李超, 张仲铮, 马学忠, 接宏伟, 刘洪魁;炼钢(02);全文 * |
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| CN113351843A (en) | 2021-09-07 |
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