CN113351823B - 一种砂型加固液及其制备、使用方法 - Google Patents

一种砂型加固液及其制备、使用方法 Download PDF

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CN113351823B
CN113351823B CN202110570038.2A CN202110570038A CN113351823B CN 113351823 B CN113351823 B CN 113351823B CN 202110570038 A CN202110570038 A CN 202110570038A CN 113351823 B CN113351823 B CN 113351823B
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陈学更
张宏凯
何龙
韩文
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Shared New Materials Shandong Co ltd
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    • B22C1/00Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C1/00Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
    • B22C1/16Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
    • B22C1/20Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22C1/00Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
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    • B22C1/2206Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents of resins or rosins obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • B22C1/00Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
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Abstract

一种砂型加固液,按质量份数,包括有机溶剂100份、粘结剂5~30份、防沉剂0.1~5份、抗结皮剂0.01~1份和表面活性剂0.01~1份,所述有机溶剂能够溶解所述粘结剂。在实际生产中,可使用本发明中的砂型加固液,涂刷于砂型薄弱的地方或者某些对材料强度要求较高的部位,增加砂型表面的强度,亦可降低砂型在高湿环境下的吸湿倾向。

Description

一种砂型加固液及其制备、使用方法
技术领域
本发明涉及铸造用辅助材料技术领域,更具体地说,涉及一种砂型加固液及其制备、使用方法。
背景技术
在砂型制造过程中,种种因素的影响下,许多砂型均存在强度薄弱之处。例如水玻璃砂型,因为其砂子粒度偏大,加上在制造过程中考虑到水玻璃砂型的溃散性问题,水玻璃用量低,水玻璃砂型本身的强度低,在后续涂刷铸造液、吊运砂芯、合箱等过程中,很容易造成砂型破损;结构复杂的砂型,在造型过程中的存在紧实不良的地方,砂型疏松,表面强度低;在湿度较大的南方地区,某些砂型可能在高湿度环境下吸潮而发生强度衰减。这些情况都将会导致现场返工修补、砂型报废,更严重的甚至会导致后续铸件产生质量问题。
发明内容
本发明克服了现有技术中砂型的表面强度低,薄弱之处易破损,高湿度环境下易吸潮的问题,提供一种砂型加固液及其制备、使用方法。在实际生产中,可使用本发明中的砂型加固液,涂刷于砂型薄弱的地方或者某些对材料强度要求较高的部位,增加砂型表面的强度,亦可降低砂型在高湿环境下的吸湿倾向。
为了解决以上技术问题,本发明提供以下技术方案:
一种砂型加固液,按质量份数,包括有机溶剂100份、粘结剂5~30份、防沉剂0.1~5份、抗结皮剂0.01~1份和表面活性剂0.01~1份,所述有机溶剂能够溶解所述粘结剂。
其中,所述有机溶剂至少包括甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、石油醚、200号溶剂油、甲苯、二甲苯、石脑油、松节油、丙酮、醋酸甲酯、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯和氯代烃中的一种。
其中,所述粘结剂至少包括酚醛树脂、呋喃树脂、脲醛树脂、酮醛树脂、松香树脂、氨基树脂、丙烯酸树脂、环氧树脂、聚酯树脂、硝基纤维素、有机硅树脂和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛中的一种。
其中,所述防沉剂至少包括有机膨润土、气相二氧化硅、氢化蓖麻油蜡、聚乙烯蜡、聚酰胺蜡、聚脲和乙基纤维素中的一种。
其中,所述结皮剂至少包括叔丁基苯酚、甲氧基苯酚、异丙基苯酚、甲乙酮肟和环己酮肟中的一种。
其中,所述结活性剂至少包括脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、琥珀辛酯磺酸钠和聚乙二醇醚中的一种。
一种砂型加固液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)开启液分散釜搅拌,添加有机溶剂,800r/min分散转速下加入表面活性剂、防结皮剂和防沉剂,并分散20分钟;
(2)缓缓添加粘结剂,加料完后800r/min分散20分钟,制备结束。
一种砂型加固液的使用方法,包括以下方法:
将加固液涂到砂型上,使用喷灯烘烤处理。
进一步地,取加固液搅拌均匀,然后使用刷涂、喷涂或者浸涂的方式将加固液施涂到砂型表面,施涂完毕,可立即点燃或者放置待其中大部分有机溶剂挥发后用喷灯烘烤干燥。
进一步地,将砂型加固液与造型砂子按重量比1:3~1:10的比例进行混合搅拌均匀,然后将混合溶液涂抹于砂型的待修补处,待其中的有机溶剂自行挥发后用喷灯烘烤处理。
本发明提供的砂型加固液具有以下优势:
(1)在砂型表面涂刷上述砂型加固液后,有效提升了砂型表面的强度,降低了砂型在施涂液、吊运、合箱过程中破损的几率。
(2)在无机粘结剂砂型表面涂刷该砂型加固液后,能有效降低无机粘结剂砂型比如水玻璃砂型、磷酸盐砂型的在高湿环境下的吸湿倾向。
(3)在砂型表面涂刷砂型加固液后,铸件粗糙度得到一定程度改善。
(4)涂刷砂型加固液后,能在砂型表面形成完整树脂膜,阻止了后续施涂液过程中耐火骨料的深度渗透,降低了对涂料渗透性的要求,并且能节约铸造涂料的使用量。
附图说明
无。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
一种砂型加固液,按质量份数,包括有机溶剂100份、粘结剂5~30份、防沉剂0.1~5份、抗结皮剂0.01~1份和表面活性剂0.01~1份,所述有机溶剂能够溶解所述粘结剂。
通常添加高分子组分的溶液在接触外界空气的情况下,倾向于在与空气接触的表面形成一层硬皮。该砂型加固液中添加抗结皮剂,能够防止加固液中的粘结剂组分在容积表面结成一层硬皮,延长加固液的保存期。添加防沉剂的目的是保证粘结剂成分在砂型加固液中形成均一的浓度,防止底部浓度过高乃至发生聚结现象。添加表面活性剂是为了降低砂型加固液的表面张力,增加或者控制加固液渗入砂型的深度。
在本发明的实施例中,所述有机溶剂至少包括甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、石油醚、200号溶剂油、甲苯、二甲苯、石脑油、松节油、丙酮、醋酸甲酯、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯和氯代烃中的一种。选用溶剂时,对于单一溶剂,必须能够溶解选用的粘结剂;对于一种以上的复合溶剂,溶剂中的至少一种组分必须能够溶解选用的粘结剂。
在本发明的实施例中,所述粘结剂至少包括酚醛树脂、呋喃树脂、脲醛树脂、酮醛树脂、松香树脂、氨基树脂、丙烯酸树脂、环氧树脂、聚酯树脂、硝基纤维素、有机硅树脂和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛中的一种。
在本发明的实施例中,所述防沉剂至少包括有机膨润土、气相二氧化硅、氢化蓖麻油蜡、聚乙烯蜡、聚酰胺蜡、聚脲和乙基纤维素中的一种。
在本发明的实施例中,所述结皮剂至少包括叔丁基苯酚、甲氧基苯酚、异丙基苯酚、甲乙酮肟和环己酮肟中的一种。
在本发明的实施例中,所述结活性剂至少包括脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、琥珀辛酯磺酸钠和聚乙二醇醚中的一种。
一种砂型加固液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)开启液分散釜搅拌,添加有机溶剂,800r/min分散转速下加入表面活性剂、防结皮剂和防沉剂,并分散20分钟;
(2)缓缓添加粘结剂,加料完后800r/min分散20分钟,制备结束。
实施例一
一种砂型加固液,按质量份数,包括乙醇100份、酚醛树脂20份、有机膨润土5份、叔丁基苯酚0.05份和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚1份。
一种砂型加固液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)开启液分散釜搅拌,添加乙醇100份,800r/min分散转速下加入有机膨润土5份、叔丁基苯酚0.05份和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚1份,并分散20分钟;
(2)缓缓添加酚醛树脂20份,加料完后800r/min分散20分钟,制备结束。
实施例二
一种砂型加固液,按质量份数,包括醋酸丁酯100份、环氧树脂15份、氢化蓖麻油蜡5份、甲氧基苯酚0.05份和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.5份。
一种砂型加固液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)开启液分散釜搅拌,添加醋酸丁酯100份,800r/min分散转速下加入氢化蓖麻油蜡5份、甲氧基苯酚0.05份和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.5份,并分散20分钟;
(2)缓缓添加环氧树脂15份,加料完后800r/min分散20分钟,制备结束。
实施例三
一种砂型加固液,按质量份数,包括二甲苯100份、硝基纤维素30份、聚酰胺蜡3份、叔丁基苯酚0.05份和琥珀辛酯磺酸钠0.3份。
一种砂型加固液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)开启液分散釜搅拌,添加二甲苯100份,800r/min分散转速下加入聚酰胺蜡3份、叔丁基苯酚0.05份和琥珀辛酯磺酸钠0.3份,并分散20分钟;
(2)缓缓添加硝基纤维素30份,加料完后800r/min分散20分钟,制备结束。
实施例四
一种砂型加固液,按质量份数,包括异丙醇100份、酮醛树脂20份、乙基纤维素1份、异丙基苯酚0.05份和聚乙二醇醚0.5份。
一种砂型加固液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)开启液分散釜搅拌,添加异丙醇100份,800r/min分散转速下加入乙基纤维素1份、异丙基苯酚0.05份和聚乙二醇醚0.5份,并分散20分钟;
(2)缓缓添加酮醛树脂20份,加料完后800r/min分散20分钟,制备结束。
实施例五
一种砂型加固液,按质量份数,包括甲醇80份、松节油10份、丙烯酸树脂10份、酚醛树脂10份、有机膨润土2份、聚脲2份、叔丁基苯酚0.05份、甲乙酮肟0.05份、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚0.3份和琥珀辛酯磺酸钠0.2份。
一种砂型加固液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)开启液分散釜搅拌,添加异丙醇甲醇80份和松节油10份,800r/min分散转速下加入有机膨润土2份、聚脲2份、叔丁基苯酚0.05份、甲乙酮肟0.05份、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚0.3份和琥珀辛酯磺酸钠0.2份,并分散20分钟;
(2)缓缓添加丙烯酸树脂10份和酚醛树脂10份,加料完后800r/min分散20分钟,制备结束。
将上述各实施例中配制的砂型加固液施涂于砂型,与未添加固液的砂型进行对比,测得常湿抗拉强度、高湿抗拉强度和强度损失率,并经过浇注实验测得铸件表面粗糙度数据,具体结果见下表所示。从表中数据可知,砂型表面施涂砂型加固液后,砂型强度得到明显提升,且能有效降低高湿环境下对强度的负面影响,对应的铸件表面粗糙度有一定程度的改善。
表1 实施例数据对比
实施例 10%湿度8字试块抗拉强度/MPa 60%湿度下放置24h后抗拉强度/MPa 强度损失率/% 铸件表面粗糙度
未施涂加固液 1.25 0.84 -32.8% 10~11级
实施例1 2.05 1.92 -6.3% 7~8级
实施例2 2.53 2.37 -6.3% 7~8级
实施例3 2.26 2.1 -7.1% 7~8级
实施例4 1.97 1.88 -4.6% 7~8级
实施例5 2.21 2.07 -6.3% 7~8级
一种砂型加固液的使用方法,包括以下方法:
将加固液涂到砂型上,使用喷灯烘烤处理。
在本发明的一个实施例中,进一步地,取加固液搅拌均匀,然后使用刷涂、喷涂或者浸涂的方式将加固液施涂到砂型表面,施涂完毕,可立即点燃或者放置待其中大部分有机溶剂挥发后用喷灯烘烤干燥。
需要说明的是,一般厚壁砂型宜采用点燃的方式进行干燥,通过燃烧产生的热进一步提升砂型强度;薄壁复杂砂型宜采用溶剂自行挥发后再喷灯烘烤的方式进行干燥,能保证砂型的完整性,防止其发生热裂等砂型缺陷。
在本发明的一个实施例中,进一步地,将砂型加固液与造型砂子按重量比1:3~1:10的比例进行混合搅拌均匀,然后将混合溶液涂抹于砂型的待修补处,待其中的有机溶剂自行挥发后用喷灯烘烤处理。
需要说明的是,使用该种砂型加固液还可进行砂型修补,具体方法为:将所述砂型加固液与造型砂子按重量比1:3~1:10的比例进行混合并拌匀,然后涂抹于待修补的砂型处,待其溶剂自行挥发后用喷灯烘烤处理。
本领域的技术人员容易理解,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种砂型加固液,其特征在于,按质量份数,包括有机溶剂100份、粘结剂5~30份、防沉剂0.1~5份、抗结皮剂0.01~1份和表面活性剂0.01~1份,所述有机溶剂能够溶解所述粘结剂;
所述有机溶剂至少包括甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、石油醚、200号溶剂油、甲苯、二甲苯、石脑油、松节油、丙酮、醋酸甲酯、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯和氯代烃中的一种;
所述粘结剂至少包括酚醛树脂、呋喃树脂、脲醛树脂、酮醛树脂、松香树脂、氨基树脂、丙烯酸树脂、环氧树脂、聚酯树脂、硝基纤维素、有机硅树脂和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的砂型加固液,其特征在于,所述防沉剂至少包括有机膨润土、气相二氧化硅、氢化蓖麻油蜡、聚乙烯蜡、聚酰胺蜡、聚脲和乙基纤维素中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的砂型加固液,其特征在于,所述抗结皮剂至少包括叔丁基苯酚、甲氧基苯酚、异丙基苯酚、甲乙酮肟和环己酮肟中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的砂型加固液,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂至少包括脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、琥珀辛酯磺酸钠和聚乙二醇醚中的一种。
5.制备如权利要求1-4任一项所述砂型加固液的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)开启液分散釜搅拌,添加有机溶剂,800r/min分散转速下加入表面活性剂、防结皮剂和防沉剂,并分散20分钟;
(2)缓缓添加粘结剂,加料完后800r/min分散20分钟,制备结束。
6.一种如权利要求1-4任一项所述砂型加固液的使用方法,其特征在于,包括以下方法:将加固液涂到砂型上,使用喷灯烘烤处理。
7.根据权利要求6所述的砂型加固液的使用方法,其特征在于,取加固液搅拌均匀,然后使用刷涂、喷涂或者浸涂的方式将加固液施涂到砂型表面,施涂完毕,可立即点燃或者放置待其中大部分有机溶剂挥发后用喷灯烘烤干燥。
8.根据权利要求6所述的砂型加固液的使用方法,其特征在于,将砂型加固液与造型砂子按重量比1:3~1:10的比例进行混合搅拌均匀,然后将混合溶液涂抹于砂型的待修补处,待其中的有机溶剂自行挥发后用喷灯烘烤处理。
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