CN113340330A - 可在地面上移动的作业机械 - Google Patents

可在地面上移动的作业机械 Download PDF

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CN113340330A
CN113340330A CN202110226790.5A CN202110226790A CN113340330A CN 113340330 A CN113340330 A CN 113340330A CN 202110226790 A CN202110226790 A CN 202110226790A CN 113340330 A CN113340330 A CN 113340330A
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sensor
receiving space
work machine
machine according
air flow
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D·博尔内曼
W·弗尔科尔
H·格拉德尔
M·舍德尔
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Hamm AG
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    • E01C19/26—Rollers therefor; Such rollers usable also for compacting soil self-propelled or fitted to road vehicles
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
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    • G01J5/04—Casings
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
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    • G01J5/05—Means for preventing contamination of the components of the optical system; Means for preventing obstruction of the radiation path
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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    • G01J5/051—Means for preventing contamination of the components of the optical system; Means for preventing obstruction of the radiation path using a gas purge
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    • G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种可在地面上移动的作业机械，其包括传感器装置，该传感器装置包括：‑至少一个传感器壳体(24)，其带有通过检测开口(30)打开的传感器接收空间(26)，‑至少一个传感器(28)，其布置在至少一个传感器壳体(24)的传感器接收空间(26)中，‑至少一个空气供应装置(32)，其用于产生流过至少一个传感器壳体(24)中的传感器接收空间(26)的气流(L)。

Description

可在地面上移动的作业机械
技术领域
本发明涉及一种作业机械，其在执行作业过程时可在地面上移动，该作业机械例如是用于压实沥青的地面压实机(Bodenverdichter)。
背景技术
当执行此类作业过程时，提供有关环境参数(例如待通过地面压实机压实的沥青的温度)的信息是有利或者必要的。为了提供此类信息，能够在作业机械上设置一个或多个适合于记录相关参数(例如待压实的沥青的温度)的传感器。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可在地面上移动的作业机械，其能够精确地提供与作业过程的执行有关的信息。
根据本发明，该目的通过一种可在地面上移动的作业机械来实现，该作业机械包括传感器装置，该传感器装置包括：
-至少一个传感器壳体，其带有通过检测开口
Figure BDA0002956731050000011
打开的传感器接收空间(Sensoraufnahmeraum)，
-至少一个传感器，其布置在所述至少一个传感器壳体的传感器接收空间中，
-至少一个空气供应装置(Luftzuführanordnung)，其用于产生流过所述至少一个传感器壳体中的传感器接收空间的气流。
通过产生流过其中布置有传感器的空间的气流，确保了污物不能够聚集在该空间中，也即传感器接收空间中。诸如尘埃、雨滴之类的污物通过气流被带出传感器接收空间，从而使得布置在该传感器接收空间中的传感器的检测精度或功能性不会因沉积在传感器接收空间中或在传感器上的颗粒而受到影响。
为了产生气流，至少一个空气供应装置能够包括：
-压缩机，
或者
-鼓风机，
或者
-排风扇。
为了确保通过至少一个空气供应装置输送到传感器接收空间中的空气不包含会损害传感器功能的颗粒，可以给至少一个空气供应装置的吸气区域配置空气过滤器。
由于存在污物(特别是在检测开口的区域中)进入传感器接收空间的风险，所述检测开口即为布置在所述传感器接收空间中的传感器可以通过其与周围环境相互作用的开口，在此进一步建议的是，至少一部分流过传感器接收空间的气流，优选全部流过传感器接收空间的气流，经由检测开口离开传感器接收空间。由此，可以有效地确保污物不能通过检测开口进入传感器接收空间，或者已经将污物颗粒从在检测开口前面的空间吹离。
通过使气流可以至少部分地围绕布置在传感器接收空间中的至少一个传感器流动，可以进一步使污物颗粒远离传感器。
为了即使在作业机械不运行时也防止颗粒进入传感器接收空间，可以给至少一个传感器壳体配置用于关闭检测开口的封闭盖板。
为了使设计方案结构简单，建议将封闭盖板预紧到关闭检测开口的关闭位置，并可以通过气流将其调节到释放检测开口的打开位置，其中，该封闭盖板能够通过预紧元件(优选偏压弹簧，例如扭力弹簧)或/和通过重力预紧到关闭位置。
特别地，如果作业机械是用于压实沥青的地面压实机，则有利的是，至少一个传感器是温度传感器，因为待压实的沥青的温度是与待进行的压实过程的方式方法相关的参数。
可以将作业机械设计为：
-地面整修机，例如地面压实机、旋耕机或沥青机，
-农业机械，例如拖拉机、联合收割机或切碎机。
附图说明
以下参考附图详细描述了本发明。图示表明：
图1示出了一种设计为自走式地面压实机的作业机械。
图2示出了用于作业机械的传感器装置的基本图示。
具体实施方式
图1示出了采用自走式地面压实机10形式的一种可在地面U上移动的作业机械。该地面压实机10包括后车12，其上设有驱动单元、操作台14和驱动轮16。压实机滚轮20被设置在可枢转地连接到后车12的前车18上，通过所述压实机滚轮20，能够将地面压实机10驶过的地面U压实。应该指出的是，这种地面压实机10能够以各种方式实现。例如，压实机滚轮20也可以设置在后车12上。此外，这种地面压实机例如可以在后车上具有多个彼此相邻布置并且其整体作为压实机滚轮的轮子。
在地面压实机上提供了整体以22表示的传感器装置。在图2中更详细地示出的该传感器装置22包括一个或多个传感器壳体24，其中形成有传感器接收空间26。在每个传感器壳体24的传感器接收空间26中布置有至少一个传感器28。传感器接收空间26通过在传感器壳体24上形成的检测开口30向周围环境打开，从而使得布置在传感器接收空间26中的传感器28可以经由检测开口30与待检测或扫描的周围环境相互作用。
例如，传感器28中的一个或至少一个可为温度传感器，其可以检测在地面压实机10前方的地面U的温度。为此，传感器28例如可为光学传感器，尤其是红外传感器，并且将其提供的温度信息传递给未在图中示出的评估单元，温度信息在该评估单元中进行评估并例如在进行地面压实过程时纳入考量。
通过例如构造为压缩机、鼓风机或排风扇的空气供应装置32产生气流L，该气流L可以经由空气供应管线34供应到所述传感器壳体24或每个传感器壳体24。替代性地，空气供应装置32在结构上也可以与至少一个传感器壳体24相关联，并且将气流L直接引入到在该传感器壳体24中形成的传感器接收空间26中。
气流L优选地引入到传感器壳体24的、与检测开口30相对的后壁36的区域中。引入到传感器接收空间26中的气流L围绕位于传感器接收空间26中的传感器28流动，并且将在传感器28的区域中或在传感器接收空间26中积聚的污物颗粒从传感器接收空间26中带出，或者防止存在于检测开口30前面的污物颗粒进入传感器接收空间26。
为了防止由空气供应装置32产生的气流L将污物颗粒带入一个或多个传感器壳体24，可以在空气供应装置32的吸气区域38配置空气过滤器40。
图2还示出了至少一个(优选每个)传感器壳体24配备有封闭盖板42。该封闭盖板42能够可枢转地被支承于传感器壳体24上，并预紧到关闭该传感器壳体24的检测开口30的关闭位置。对于在图2中所示的位置而言，传感器壳体24在该位置时基本上水平定位而检测开口30基本上垂直延伸地布置，当封闭盖板42可枢转地支承于传感器壳体24上的检测开口30上方的区域中时，作用在封闭盖板42上的重力可以用于将该封闭盖板42预紧至关闭位置。替代性地或另外地，可以设置预紧元件，例如偏压弹簧，例如扭力弹簧，通过该弹簧将封闭盖板42预紧至其关闭位置。如果传感器壳体24配有向下或斜向下定向的检测开口30，例如用于扫描作业机械(例如如图1所示的地面压实机10)的区域中的地面，则使用这种预紧元件是特别有利的。
为了将封闭盖板42调节到图2所示的打开位置，其中检测开口30在该打开位置受到释放(freigeben)，并由此传感器28可以与待其检测的周围环境相互作用，由空气供给装置32产生的气流L被使用，从而由于在检测开口30的区域中出现的动压力(Staudruck)而产生使封闭盖板42从其关闭位置旋转到图2所示的打开位置的力。由此确保的是，当不启动空气供应装置32来产生气流L时，封闭盖板42总是会自动置于其关闭位置，并从而防止污物进入相应的传感器接收空间26中。
空气供应装置32可以受控制单元44的控制。其可以被设计成，当例如设置在后车12上的驱动单元(例如柴油内燃机)运行时，启动空气供应装置32以产生气流L。替代性地，可以规定的是，当设置在压实机滚轮20中的振动装置或振荡装置进入工作时，空气供应装置32由控制单元44启动，因为这表明，地面压实机10开始进行地面U的压实。替代性地或补充地，例如也可以在控制台14的区域内提供一开关，操作地面压实机10的操作人员可以手动通过该开关手动地启动或关闭空气供应装置32。
最后，应该指出的是，传感器装置22可以在许多方面有所不同。例如，这种传感器壳体24可分布式地设置在作业机械的不同区域中，以便在不同的作业方向上都能够扫描作业机械的周围环境。如果设置了多个传感器壳体24，则它们可以由共同的空气供应装置32供气，如图2所示。替代性地，还能够提供与不同的传感器壳体24相关联的不同的空气供应装置32和/或阀门装置，以便例如仅产生与其中传感器28应在进行作业过程时处于激活状态的一个或多个传感器壳体24相关联的气流L。在一传感器壳体24中也可例如布置多个传感器28，并且不同的传感器壳体24在结构上可彼此不同地设计，或者根据不同类型的传感器28(例如温度传感器、气压传感器、气体湿度传感器等)来设计，以及也可配备不同数量的传感器。此外，可以在传感器壳体24中设置多个传感器接收空间26，其中这些传感器接收空间26中的每一个可以包含一个或多个传感器28，例如各种类型的传感器。这些传感器接收空间26中的一个或多个或其相应的检测开口30都配置单独的封闭盖板42。

Claims (10)

1.一种能够在地面上移动的作业机械，包括传感器装置(22)，所述传感器装置(22)包括：
-至少一个传感器壳体(24)，其带有通过检测开口(30)打开的传感器接收空间(26)，
-至少一个传感器(28)，其布置在所述至少一个传感器壳体(24)的所述传感器接收空间(26)中，
-至少一个空气供应装置(32)，其用于产生流过所述至少一个传感器壳体(24)中的所述传感器接收空间(26)的气流(L)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的作业机械，其特征在于，所述至少一个空气供应装置(32)包括：
-压缩机，
或者
-鼓风机，
或者
-排风扇。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的作业机械，其特征在于，给所述至少一个空气供应装置(32)的吸气区域(38)配置空气过滤器(40)。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的作业机械，其特征在于，至少一部分流过所述传感器接收空间(26)的气流(L)，优选全部流过所述传感器接收空间(26)的气流(L)，经由所述检测开口(30)离开所述传感器接收空间(26)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的作业机械，其特征在于，所述气流(L)能够至少部分地围绕布置在所述传感器接收空间(26)中的至少一个传感器(28)流动。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的作业机械，其特征在于，所述至少一个传感器壳体(24)配备用于关闭所述检测开口(30)的封闭盖板(42)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的作业机械，其特征在于，所述封闭盖板(42)被预紧到关闭所述检测开口(30)的关闭位置，并且能够通过所述气流(L)调节到释放所述检测开口(30)的打开位置。
8.根据权利要求7所述的作业机械，其特征在于，所述封闭盖板(42)通过预紧元件和/或通过重力预紧到关闭位置，所述预紧元件优选为偏压弹簧。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的作业机械，其特征在于，至少一个传感器(28)是温度传感器。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的作业机械，其特征在于，所述作业机械设计为：
-地面整修机，例如地面压实机、旋耕机或沥青机，
-农业机械，例如拖拉机、联合收割机或切碎机。
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