CN113338938A - Safety control method for open-pit and underground collaborative mining of metal mine - Google Patents
Safety control method for open-pit and underground collaborative mining of metal mine Download PDFInfo
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- CN113338938A CN113338938A CN202110431099.0A CN202110431099A CN113338938A CN 113338938 A CN113338938 A CN 113338938A CN 202110431099 A CN202110431099 A CN 202110431099A CN 113338938 A CN113338938 A CN 113338938A
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052951 chalcopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QRJOYPHTNNOAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper gold Chemical compound [Cu].[Au] QRJOYPHTNNOAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBJNMUFDOHXDFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu].[Cu] LBJNMUFDOHXDFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/26—Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/30—Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a safety control method for open-pit and underground collaborative mining of a metal mine, which is characterized in that an open-pit boundary capable of spatially dividing an ore body into an open-pit mining part and an underground mining part is arranged on the original terrain of the metal mine, a safety pillar is arranged in the underground mining area between the two parts, and water catchment in the open-air boundary is guided into the annular drainage tunnel through the drainage hole and is collected into a water intercepting and draining system formed by an underground mining water sump through the underground mining drainage tunnel to be drained out of the ground surface, so that the safety pillar can improve the stability of the open-air side slope, reduce the overburden stress of underground mining rock mass, improve the intrinsic safety of the mine, eliminate a water collecting pit and a drainage pipeline at the bottom of an open-air mining stope and simplify the open-air drainage system, thereby improving the economic benefits of mining, and the like, and is suitable for mining metal mines, in particular to metal mines with thick and large ore bodies and low rock softening coefficients.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal mine safety, and particularly relates to a metal mine open-pit and underground collaborative mining safety control method which is suitable for metal mine open-pit and underground mining application.
Background
The super-large bronze mine in the southeast of China belongs to a middle-low mountain erosion mountain land terrain, the terrain is cut violently, the terrain is steep, the natural gradient of the terrain is mostly 25-50 degrees, the highest point elevation 1138.13m in the mine is surrounded by rivers on the east and west sides, the elevation of the water surface of the rivers is 200m, the elevation difference of the relative mountain tops is 938.13m, the elevation in the mine is over 500m, the elevation over 650m is dry valley, short running water exists after heavy rain in rainy season, and the main valley zone below 650m has water all the year round. The ore body generally presents a yield mode of 'copper-in-gold' and the gold ore body is positioned at the upper part of the gold-copper ore complex, and the ore body is mainly distributed in the hidden explosive breccia, the veined enfanite and granite. The periphery of the gold industrial ore body is surrounded by the low-grade ore body to form a huge lens-shaped body. The main ore body has the length of 1900m and the width of 900m, and the spreading area is 1.71km2The distribution elevation is between +592 and +1120 m; the copper ore is distributed at the lower part of the chalcopyrite mixed zone and comprises an upper part and a lower part which are combined together to form a copper ore body with irregular edge shape and huge thickness, the ore body distributed in a section with elevation more than 600m is small in scale and weak in mineralization strength, the mineralization range of a plus 600m to a plus 100m elevation section is large and strong in mineralization, the ore body enrichment section with the largest scale of an ore deposit is formed, and the copper ore body is large in thickness and relatively stable in thickness in the deep plus 100 to minus 100m elevation section. The topography of the mining area is high in the middle and low in the periphery, the controlled distribution elevation of the bronze ore bodies is-100- +1120m, the upper ore body is suitable for large-scale open-pit mining, and the lower ore body is suitable for underground mining. According to the research on the feasibility of the early mine, the height of the side slope in the open-air border is 384-864 m, the height of the side slope in most areas is 595-800 m, and the side slope belongs to an ultrahigh side slope. The main lithology of the mine is granite and andesite, the RQD value is 41.56-72.18, the uniaxial compressive strength is 18-56 MPa, the main rock mass of the stope slope is mainly II and III rock groups, the local IV and V grades are adopted, and the rock softening coefficient is 0.41-0.82. Under the condition of single surface mining, the final slope angle is designed to be 42.7-48.0 degrees according to the slope stability research. Because the mine rock is sensitive to water environment, the existence of water can greatly reduce the strength of the rock mass, further reduce the stability of the open-air side slope and is not beneficial to the safety of the open-air mineAnd on the other hand, the underground ore body is buried deeply, and the dead weight stress of the original rock is large, so that the underground mining safety is not facilitated.
For the mining of the ore body with shallow and thick burial, three technical schemes of surface mining, surface-to-underground mining and surface-underground collaborative mining are generally available. At present, the mine exploitation of the ore body by the same trip at home and abroad generally adopts a technical scheme of open-pit to underground exploitation, the open-pit and underground combined exploitation technical scheme is rarely adopted, and the open-pit and underground cooperative exploitation safety control method of the metal mine is not found through retrieval, so that the defects of the open-pit and underground combined exploitation are overcome: firstly, the open-air slope has poor stability, large landslide risk and relatively poor safety, and under the condition of the same final slope angle, the slope has poor stability and remarkably increased landslide risk in single open-air mining or open-air to underground mining, because the slope underground water level is higher when the method is adopted, the rock mass strength in the water environment is softened to different degrees, the slope stability is reduced, and the landslide risk is increased; secondly, the total water discharge for mining the same ore quantity is large, the water discharge period is long, the cost is high, when the open-pit to underground mining mode is adopted, the catchment in the stope needs to be discharged in time for open-pit mining, when the closed pit of the open-pit stope is switched into underground mining, the catchment in the open-pit stope infiltrates into the ground and still needs to be discharged out of the underground mining space in time, so that the repeated water discharge is caused, the total water discharge for mining the same ore quantity is large, the water discharge period is long, and the whole mining cost is improved; thirdly, relatively speaking, the production is adversely affected to a certain extent, when relay drainage is needed in deep open, a fixed drainage pipeline is laid along a side slope, a fixed water sump is arranged, a water collecting pit needs to be dynamically arranged at the bottom of the pit along with the advance of the production, and a water pipe and a water pump are arranged, so that certain influence and potential safety hazard are brought to the production for protecting the production facilities.
Therefore, the method for safely controlling open-pit and underground collaborative mining of the metal mine which is suitable for mining thick and large ore bodies and has low rock softening coefficient is particularly urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a safety control method for open-pit and underground collaborative mining of a metal mine, which can improve the stability of an open-pit side slope, reduce the overburden stress of an underground mining rock mass and improve the intrinsic safety of the mine, and can eliminate a sump at the bottom of a stope of the open-pit mine, a drainage pipeline and simplify an open-pit drainage system, thereby improving the economic benefit of mining.
The main technical scheme adopted is as follows:
the method is characterized in that an open-air boundary capable of spatially dividing an ore body into an open-air mining part and an underground mining part is arranged on the original terrain of the metal mine, a security pillar is arranged in a mining area between the two parts, catchwater in the open-air boundary is guided into an annular drainage tunnel through a drainage hole, and the catchwater is collected into an underground mining water sump through an underground mining drainage tunnel to form a water interception and drainage system and is discharged out of the ground surface.
The principle of the invention is as follows: through open-pit and underground collaborative mining, an underground water falling funnel is formed in an open-pit mining area, so that the slope rock mass is in a waterless environment, firstly, the softening effect of water on the slope rock mass is eliminated, and the strength of the slope rock mass is improved by 20-60%, thereby improving the stability of the slope; the hydrostatic pressure and the hydrodynamic pressure in the side slope are reduced or eliminated, and the stability of the side slope is improved to a certain extent; thirdly, the surface mining is continuously promoted to the deep part, so that the continuous unloading effect is formed on the underground mining rock mass, the self-weight stress of the rock mass is reduced, and the stability of the underground mining space is improved. Through theoretical calculation and production actual verification, the stability coefficient of the open-pit slope is improved by 10-30% compared with that of single open-pit mining, the plastic damage area of an underground mining rock mass is reduced, and deformation of a roadway and an underground space is effectively controlled.
Compared with single open-pit mining and open-pit to underground mining, the invention has the advantages or beneficial effects that:
because the open-pit underground collaborative mining and the efficient water intercepting and draining system thereof are constructed, the open-pit slope rock mass can be in a dry state, so that the strength reduction of the slope rock mass due to the softening effect is avoided, the aim of eliminating the dynamic and static water pressure in the slope is fulfilled, the slope stability is improved, the open-pit slope stability coefficient and the safe reserve thereof are improved, the self-use stress of the underground mined rock mass is reduced, the rock mass stress environment is improved, and the occurrence of traditional geological disasters such as slope landslide risk, underground engineering damage, rock burst and the like is reduced to the maximum extent.
Meanwhile, due to the establishment of the drain holes and the annular drainage tunnel in the permanent slope body, a large amount of rainwater caused by short-time strong rainfall in rainy seasons can be smoothly discharged, short-time water accumulation at the bottom of the open stope is avoided, so that the submerging time of the bottom of the pit is reduced to zero, the risk of side slope collapse caused by the reduction of the strength of the rock mass under short-time extreme conditions is eliminated, the stability of the side slope is improved to the maximum extent, the risk of side slope landslide is reduced from short time to long time, the intrinsic safety of the mine is greatly improved, and in addition, the open stope and underground mining are cooperated, the drainage facilities and daily expenses of the mine are greatly reduced, the repeated drainage is avoided, and the huge drainage expense is saved.
In addition, because the environment of almost no water is created for the open stope, the production blasting can adopt the non-waterproof explosive with lower unit price, thereby reducing the production blasting cost, simultaneously improving the operation efficiency and improving the operation environment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ore body occurrence section of a safety control method for open-pit and underground collaborative mining of a metal mine according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a water interception and drainage system of a safety control method for open-pit and underground collaborative mining of a metal mine according to the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for controlling the safety of open-pit and underground cooperative mining of a metal mine according to the present invention in comparison with an underground deck of an original or individual open pit mining.
In the drawings, the symbols represent:
1. original terrain 2, open-air border 3, ore body 4, security pillar 5, underground mining area 6, water drainage hole 7, annular water drainage tunnel 8, underground mining water sump 9, water drainage tunnel 10, original diving surface 11, open-air mining diving surface 12 and open-air underground collaborative mining diving surface
The description is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
As shown in figures 1-3, the invention provides a safety control method for open-pit and underground collaborative mining of a metal mine, an open-pit boundary (2) capable of spatially dividing an ore body (3) into an open-pit mining part and an underground mining part is arranged on an original terrain (1) of the metal mine, a security pillar (4) is arranged in an underground mining area (5) between the two parts, and water catchment of the open-pit boundary (2) is guided into an annular drainage tunnel (7) through a drainage hole (6) and is drained out of the ground surface through a cut-off drainage system formed by an underground mining water sump (8) through a drainage tunnel (9) for underground mining.
The process of the invention may further be
The intercepting and draining system can greatly reduce the open-pit mining diving surface (12), so that no water is accumulated at the bottom of a stope pit for open-pit mining without arranging a water collecting pit.
When the surface mining enters the depression area, the continuous drainage of the water interception and drainage system forms an underground water descending funnel which continuously descends in the surface mining area and finally reaches a stable state, and a mechanical drainage system of the surface mining field is not required to be constructed.
The open-pit and underground collaborative mining submergible surface (12) is lower than the original submergible surface (10) and is greatly lower than the open-pit mining submergible surface (11), so that the strength of the slope rock mass and the stability of the slope are improved.
And the surface mining enters the sunken area, and simultaneously the construction of underground mining ramp, blind shaft and annular roadway facilities is completed.
When the method is implemented, the distribution elevation of the ore body controlled by a certain cuprite is-100- +1120m, the ore body has large scale and lower grade. And (3) adopting open-pit mining for ore bodies above +100m, and adopting underground mining for ore bodies below +100 m. According to the final design, underground mining is adopted for ore bodies of-100 to +100m, security pillars are reserved between +100 to +148m, the pit bottom is designed to be +148m in the open air, and the closed ring elevation of the open-air stope is +532 m. And (4) carrying out uncovering large blasting in the early stage of the surface mine, and entering a large-scale surface mining stage. And in the surface mining stage of the upper hillside, the flood intercepting ditches are synchronously constructed along with the border of the side slope, and the self-flowing drainage is adopted. According to the production progress, before the stope enters the pit production, an underground mining project is constructed, development projects such as a slope ramp, a blind shaft and the like are completed, and an annular roadway is laid. And pit mining is performed synchronously in surface mining, and underground mining is performed in a production stage. In the open stope, water drainage holes are adopted to lead into underground mining tunnels, water bins and annular drainage tunnels in permanent side slopes, and the water drainage holes are intensively discharged. Tests of an open stope prove that the groundwater level is stably lowered, and the stope is in a total anhydrous state.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized. The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments, and other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be regarded as equivalent replacements within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A safety control method for open-pit and underground collaborative mining of a metal mine is characterized in that an open-pit boundary (2) capable of spatially dividing an ore body (3) into an open-pit mining part and an underground mining part is arranged on an original terrain (1) of the metal mine, a security pillar (4) is arranged in a ground mining area (5) between the two parts, and water catchment of the open-pit boundary (2) is guided into an annular drainage roadway (7) through a drainage hole (6) and is collected into a water intercepting and draining system formed by an underground mining water sump (8) through a drainage roadway (9) for underground mining to be drained out of the ground surface.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cut-off drainage system substantially reduces the surface area (12) of the surface mining submergence without requiring a sump at the bottom of the surface mining pit.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the continuous drainage of the cut-off drainage system as the surface mine enters the pit area forms a continuous descending and eventually steady state groundwater drop funnel in the surface mine area without the need to construct a surface pit mechanical drainage system.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surface-underground cooperative mining submergence surface (12) is lower than the original submergence surface (10) and substantially lower than the surface-mining submergence surface (11), thereby improving the slope rock strength and the slope stability.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface mining is conducted into the pit area while completing the construction of a ramp, blind shaft and circumferential roadway facility for down-hole mining.
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| CN202110431099.0A CN113338938B (en) | 2021-04-21 | 2021-04-21 | Safety control method for open-pit and underground collaborative mining of metal mine |
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| CN202110431099.0A CN113338938B (en) | 2021-04-21 | 2021-04-21 | Safety control method for open-pit and underground collaborative mining of metal mine |
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| CN113338938B CN113338938B (en) | 2023-04-04 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101338675A (en) * | 2008-08-08 | 2009-01-07 | 中煤国际工程集团沈阳设计研究院 | Open-cast side shrouded beneficial mineral open well combined mining method |
| CN102913280A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-02-06 | 开滦(集团)有限责任公司东欢坨矿业分公司 | Method for draining roof water in flood mine |
| CN103046564A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-04-17 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Comprehensive water controlling method applicable to waste dumps with confined water at waste dump bases |
| CN204530947U (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-08-05 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Source, face ecological purification system |
| RU2590153C1 (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2016-07-10 | Владимир Яковлевич Катюхин | Method for cascade dehydration of landslip body of slopes or walls |
| CN106638891A (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2017-05-10 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Comprehensive water managing method in underground mining stage of open pit into underground mining |
| CN208996763U (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2019-06-18 | 南京梅山冶金发展有限公司 | A kind of mine down-hole tunnel driving automatic drain system |
-
2021
- 2021-04-21 CN CN202110431099.0A patent/CN113338938B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101338675A (en) * | 2008-08-08 | 2009-01-07 | 中煤国际工程集团沈阳设计研究院 | Open-cast side shrouded beneficial mineral open well combined mining method |
| CN102913280A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-02-06 | 开滦(集团)有限责任公司东欢坨矿业分公司 | Method for draining roof water in flood mine |
| CN103046564A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-04-17 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Comprehensive water controlling method applicable to waste dumps with confined water at waste dump bases |
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| RU2590153C1 (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2016-07-10 | Владимир Яковлевич Катюхин | Method for cascade dehydration of landslip body of slopes or walls |
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| CN208996763U (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2019-06-18 | 南京梅山冶金发展有限公司 | A kind of mine down-hole tunnel driving automatic drain system |
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