CN113338924B - Control method for surface subsidence range by natural caving method - Google Patents
Control method for surface subsidence range by natural caving method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113338924B CN113338924B CN202110510696.2A CN202110510696A CN113338924B CN 113338924 B CN113338924 B CN 113338924B CN 202110510696 A CN202110510696 A CN 202110510696A CN 113338924 B CN113338924 B CN 113338924B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- collapse
- range line
- line
- ore
- control range
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for controlling a surface subsidence range by a natural caving method, which comprises the following steps of obtaining a conventional subsidence range line, determining and controlling the subsidence range line, clearing humus soil, building a drainage cut, constructing a cutting cut and drilling hole, piling and deslagging platforms, piling and discharging waste rocks to strengthen subsidence and respective conditions thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a control method of a ground surface collapse range, in particular to a control method of a ground surface collapse range by a natural caving method, which is suitable for mining or civil and industrial building application.
Background
The natural caving method is a process method for realizing ore falling by means of the incompleteness of joints, cracks, weak surfaces, interlayers and the like existing in an ore body, and the natural caving and the crushing into blocks are realized under the action of dead weight and ground pressure after the large-area bottom-pulling and side-cutting processes of ores are formed in the whole stage. Naturally collapsed ores are discharged through ore removal roadways and are loaded and transported away in stage transportation roadways. After the bottom of the ore block is pulled, the ore loses the support, under the action of gravity and ground pressure, cracks appear in the middle part firstly to generate damage, then the ore naturally collapses, when the ore collapses to form a balance arch, the ore temporarily stabilizes, and the ore stops collapsing. In order to control the ore caving process, the stability of the arch must be destroyed to allow the ore to continue to be naturally caving. The industry typically uses a method of moving the arch support point A, B in the vertical direction: the method is particularly suitable for mining low-grade thick and large ore deposits, and is an underground large-scale mining method with low cost, high efficiency and good safety.
The applicable conditions of the natural collapse method are as follows: a steeply inclined thick ore body and a very thick inclined ore body; the ore has good collapsibility, generally requires unstable ore body, and is easy to naturally fall off due to the joint, crack or middle development of the ore, and the falling ore has small lumpiness and is convenient for ore drawing; the ore grade is distributed evenly, and the quantity of included stones is small; the ore has no caking property and spontaneous combustibility; the shape of the ore body is regular and the boundary of the surrounding rock is obvious; the earth surface is allowed to collapse, and the surrounding rocks of the roof can naturally collapse along with ore drawing.
The natural caving method in practice has the problems that firstly, the damage caused by impact air waves and debris flow, the damage caused by improper treatment of a clamping bucket and a suspended ceiling and secondary geological disasters of a surface collapse pit are safety problems; secondly, the investment in the early stage is large, the production time is long, the block rate of the caving ore is high, and the economic cost of the processing time is high; thirdly, the ore caving speed cannot reach the expectation, and the productivity effect cannot be exerted; and fourthly, the bottom structure is seriously damaged, so that the failure of the mining method is caused, namely the technical problem. The surface collapse range formed by the natural collapse method determines the removal range and cost of the surface characteristic, and for the areas close to buildings and structures such as villages and highways, the surface collapse range even determines whether the mining method can be smoothly applied, so that the investment cost is greatly increased even if the removal of the surface characteristic is allowed, and in addition, secondary geological disasters are easy to occur in the surface collapse pits formed by the natural collapse method, and the safety problem is high.
Therefore, the method for controlling the surface collapse range by the natural collapse method is particularly urgent and has great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for controlling the ground surface collapse range of a natural collapse method, which can effectively control the ground surface collapse range of the natural collapse method, backfill collapse pits in advance, avoid secondary geological disasters such as debris flow and landslide, accelerate the collapse speed of a collapse top plate and further improve the safety and the economic value of the natural collapse method.
The task of the invention is completed by the following technical scheme:
the method for controlling the surface collapse range by the natural collapse method comprises the following steps and conditions:
(A) Acquiring a conventional collapse range line, namely acquiring geological rock stratum, fault distribution, rock strength and ore body occurrence state information of a mine, and acquiring the conventional collapse range line by an engineering analogy method or a numerical simulation method or by taking a collapse angle of the rock stratum;
(B) Determining a collapse control range line, determining that the range of the collapse control range line is less than or equal to a conventional collapse range line and greater than the bottom area of an ore body according to the protection level of a surface building or a structure and the collapse range controlled for reducing expropriation and removal cost, and determining a collapse control angle based on a gob discrete column;
(C) The humus soil is cleaned, the humus soil in the collapse control range line is cleaned, the situation that the humus soil (3) is pushed upwards along with the collapse to be mixed into an ore collapse area and the dilution of the ore is increased along with the release of the ore from an ore outlet, and the ore dressing process is influenced can be avoided;
(D) Building a drainage cut-off ditch at the periphery of the collapse control range line, and cutting off and draining natural rainfall catchment outside the collapse control range line to avoid the influence of the natural catchment on underground operation and cut off the formation of debris flow;
(E) Constructing a joint-cutting drilling hole, arranging the joint-cutting drilling hole on the determined collapse control range line, performing manual pressurization fracturing or energy-gathered fracture blasting by using the drilling hole, further damaging the strength and integrity of an upper rock body in the collapse area, and forming a rock body joint on the collapse control range line in advance to control the collapse range;
(F) A stacking and deslagging platform is stacked outside the collapse control range line, and a toe line of the stacking and deslagging platform is required to fall in front of and behind the collapse control range line so as to ensure that waste rocks discharged by the deslagging platform can smoothly roll into the collapse pit;
(G) The collapse of the dump barren rock is strengthened, the barren rock is dumped on the line in the collapse control range, the formation of rock body cracks in the collapse area can be accelerated, the barren rock gradually collapses along with the collapse of the lower ores, a stable overlying rock stratum is formed, and the recovery rate of the ores by the natural collapse method is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages or effects:
(1) The construction operation is simple, the cost is lower, the effect is obvious, the ground surface collapse range can be effectively controlled, and the influence of the ground surface collapse on surrounding buildings and structures and the early investment cost are reduced.
(2) The calculation method for determining the depth of the cutting seam drilling hole can also be extended to make more effective protective measures for high-grade buildings or structures.
(3) The humus soil in the subsidence area is cleaned in advance, the ground surface humus soil can be effectively controlled to be mixed into the collapsed ore along with the upward movement of the collapsed area, and the ore dilution increase and the ore dressing process influence are prevented.
(4) Building the intercepting and draining ditch can effectively intercept and drain the natural catchment outside the collapse control range line, avoid the influence of the natural catchment on the underground production operation, cut off the main forming factors of debris flow and improve the safety of the production operation of the natural caving method.
(5) The waste rocks are dumped within the collapse pit range, so that the formation of rock body cracks in a collapse area can be accelerated, the collapse speed is improved, the time for reaching the mine is accelerated, a stable rock collapse covering layer is formed as soon as possible after the collapse of the lower ores is finished, the recovery rate of the ores by a natural collapse method is improved, the movable collapse of the peripheral rock mass of the collapse pit is organized, the stability of the rock mass outside the collapse range is guaranteed, and the range of the collapse pit is effectively controlled.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for controlling a surface collapse range by a natural caving method according to the present invention.
In the drawings, the symbols represent:
1. conventional collapse range line 2, collapse range control line 3, humus soil 4, drainage ditch 5, joint cutting and drilling 6, slag discharging platform 7, waste rock reinforced collapse
The description is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the method for controlling the surface collapse range by the natural caving method of the present invention comprises the following steps and conditions:
(A) Obtaining a conventional collapse range line (1), firstly obtaining geological rock stratum, fault distribution, rock strength and ore body occurrence state information of a mine, and then obtaining the conventional collapse range line (1) by an engineering comparison method or a numerical simulation method or by taking a collapse angle of the rock stratum;
(B) Determining a collapse control range line (2), determining that the range of the collapse control range line (2) is less than or equal to a conventional collapse range line and greater than the bottom area of an ore body according to the protection level of a surface building or a structure and the collapse range controlled for reducing the expropriation and removal cost, and determining a collapse control angle based on a bulk column in a full-empty area;
(C) Cleaning the humus soil (3), cleaning the humus soil in the collapse range line (2), and avoiding the situation that the humus soil (3) is pushed upwards along with the collapse to be mixed into an ore collapse area and increase dilution of the ore and influence the ore dressing process along with the release of the ore from an ore outlet;
(D) Building a drainage cut-off ditch (4), building the drainage cut-off ditch (4) at the periphery of the collapse control range line (2), and cutting off natural rainfall catchment outside the collapse control range line (2) so as to avoid the influence of the natural catchment on underground operation and cut off the formation of debris flow;
(E) Constructing a joint-cutting drilling hole (5), arranging the joint-cutting drilling hole (5) on the determined collapse control range line (2), performing manual pressurization fracturing or energy-gathered fracture blasting by using the drilling hole, further damaging the strength and integrity of an upper rock body in a collapse area, and forming a rock body joint on the collapse control range line in advance to control the collapse range;
(F) A stacking and deslagging platform (6), wherein the stacking and deslagging platform (6) is arranged outside the collapse control range line (2), and the toe line of the deslagging platform (5) is required to fall in front of and behind the collapse control range line (2) so as to ensure that waste rocks discharged by the deslagging platform (6) can smoothly roll into the collapse pit;
(G) And (3) dumping waste rock to reinforce collapse (7), dumping the waste rock on the collapse control range line (2), accelerating the formation of rock body cracks in a collapse area, gradually collapsing along with the collapse of lower ores to form a stable overlying rock stratum, and improving the recovery rate of the ores by a natural collapse method.
The process of the invention may further be:
the collapse control range line (2) can be obtained by calculation through a collapse region critical discrete body column theory or a numerical simulation mode, but the effect of a full-empty region discrete body column must be considered, and the calculated collapse control line is ensured to be within the range of the collapse control range line.
The depth and the distance of the cutting and drilling holes (5) are determined according to the protection level of surface buildings and structures, and if the protection level is high, the intersecting line with the collapse area, namely the critical mining line, can be calculated through the determined collapse control angle and collapse control range line and also used as the bottom marking line of the drilling holes and the maximum selection depth of the drilling holes.
The slag discharging platform (6) is a general slag discharging operation platform.
The waste rock reinforced collapse (7) can directly dump waste rock in the collapse control range line (2) before the ground surface collapses to form a pressurized layer with a certain height.
And the reinforced collapse (7) of the waste rocks is along with the collapse and extraction of underground ores, and when the ground surface gradually begins to collapse, the operation of dumping the waste rocks is transferred to a slag discharging platform (6), so that the safety of the dumping operation is ensured. The collapse control range line (2) can be obtained by calculation through a collapse region critical discrete body column theory or a numerical simulation mode, but the effect of a full-empty region discrete body column must be considered, and the calculated collapse control line is ensured to be within the range of the collapse control range line.
The depth and the distance of the cutting and drilling holes (5) are determined according to the protection level of surface buildings and structures, and if the protection level is high, the intersecting line with the collapse area, namely the critical mining line, can be calculated through the determined collapse control angle and collapse control range line and also used as the bottom marking line of the drilling holes and the maximum selection depth of the drilling holes.
The slag discharging platform (6) is a general slag discharging operation platform.
The waste rock reinforced collapse (7) can directly heap and discharge waste rocks in the collapse control range line (2) before the surface of the ground collapses to form a pressurized layer with a certain height.
The waste rock reinforced collapse (7) transfers the operation of dumping waste rocks into the slag discharge platform (6) along with the collapse and extraction of underground ores when the ground surface gradually begins to collapse, thereby ensuring the safety of the dumping operation.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably implemented. The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments, and other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be regarded as equivalent replacements within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The method for controlling the surface collapse range by the natural collapse method is characterized by comprising the following steps and conditions:
(A) Obtaining a conventional collapse range line (1), firstly obtaining geological rock stratum, fault distribution, rock strength and ore body occurrence state information of a mine, and then obtaining the conventional collapse range line (1) by an engineering comparison method or a numerical simulation method or by taking a collapse angle of the rock stratum;
(B) Determining a collapse control range line (2), determining that the range of the collapse control range line (2) is less than or equal to a conventional collapse range line and greater than the bottom area of an ore body according to the protection level of a surface building or a structure and the collapse range controlled for reducing expropriation and removal cost, and simultaneously determining a collapse control angle based on a gob discrete column;
(C) Cleaning the humus soil (3), cleaning the humus soil in the collapse range line (2), and avoiding the situation that the humus soil (3) is pushed upwards along with the collapse to be mixed into an ore collapse area and increase dilution of the ore and influence the ore dressing process along with the release of the ore from an ore outlet;
(D) Building a drainage cut-off ditch (4), building the drainage cut-off ditch (4) at the periphery of the collapse control range line (2), and cutting off natural rainfall catchment outside the collapse control range line (2) so as to avoid the influence of the natural catchment on underground operation and cut off the formation of debris flow;
(E) Constructing a joint-cutting drilling hole (5), arranging the joint-cutting drilling hole (5) on the determined collapse control range line (2), performing manual pressurization fracturing or energy-gathered fracture blasting by using the drilling hole, further damaging the strength and integrity of an upper rock body in a collapse area, and forming a rock body joint on the collapse control range line in advance to control the collapse range;
(F) A slag dumping platform (6) is dumped outside the collapse control range line (2), and the toe line of the slag dumping platform (6) is required to fall in front of and behind the collapse control range line (2) so as to ensure that waste rocks discharged by the slag dumping platform (6) can smoothly roll into the collapse pit;
(G) And (3) dumping waste rock to reinforce collapse (7), dumping the waste rock on the collapse control range line (2), accelerating the formation of rock body cracks in a collapse area, gradually collapsing along with the collapse of lower ores to form a stable overlying rock stratum, and improving the recovery rate of the ores by a natural collapse method.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collapse control range line (2) can be obtained by calculation through a collapse region critical discrete body column theory or a numerical simulation mode, but the effect of a totally empty region discrete body column must be considered to ensure that the calculated collapse control range line is within the range of the collapse control range line.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the depth and spacing of the cutting bores (5) and the bore holes are determined according to the protection level of the surface building and the structure, and if the protection level is high, the critical mining line, which is the intersection line with the caving area, can be calculated by determining the collapse control angle and the collapse control range line, and also used as the bottom marking line of the bore hole and the maximum selected depth of the bore hole.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the slagging platform (6) is a general slagging platform.
5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said waste rock is subjected to a forced collapse (7) in which the waste rock is dumped directly in the collapse range line (2) before the surface is collapsed to form a pressurized layer of a certain height.
6. A method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that said collapse (7) is enhanced by dumping the barren rocks to a slag platform (6) when the surface begins to collapse gradually as the ore is collapsed and recovered, so as to ensure the safety of the dumping operation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110510696.2A CN113338924B (en) | 2021-05-11 | 2021-05-11 | Control method for surface subsidence range by natural caving method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110510696.2A CN113338924B (en) | 2021-05-11 | 2021-05-11 | Control method for surface subsidence range by natural caving method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113338924A CN113338924A (en) | 2021-09-03 |
| CN113338924B true CN113338924B (en) | 2023-02-10 |
Family
ID=77470668
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110510696.2A Active CN113338924B (en) | 2021-05-11 | 2021-05-11 | Control method for surface subsidence range by natural caving method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113338924B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114185084B (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-05-17 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Method and device for determining influence range of bottoming operation, electronic equipment and medium |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4265570A (en) * | 1979-06-01 | 1981-05-05 | Conoco, Inc. | Mine roof control |
| JP2013104239A (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2013-05-30 | Railway Technical Research Institute | Evaluation method of collapse risk of unstable rocks |
| CN107563105A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-01-09 | 东北大学 | A kind of erecting dense individual props cause surface subsidence method for determining position |
| CN107798184A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-03-13 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of determination method of the critical big inbreak span in goaf |
| CN109488373A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-03-19 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of coal mining surface collapse damage expectancy method of landform flat region under unconsolidated formation covering |
-
2021
- 2021-05-11 CN CN202110510696.2A patent/CN113338924B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4265570A (en) * | 1979-06-01 | 1981-05-05 | Conoco, Inc. | Mine roof control |
| JP2013104239A (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2013-05-30 | Railway Technical Research Institute | Evaluation method of collapse risk of unstable rocks |
| CN107563105A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-01-09 | 东北大学 | A kind of erecting dense individual props cause surface subsidence method for determining position |
| CN107798184A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-03-13 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of determination method of the critical big inbreak span in goaf |
| CN109488373A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-03-19 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of coal mining surface collapse damage expectancy method of landform flat region under unconsolidated formation covering |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113338924A (en) | 2021-09-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103821558B (en) | Coal mine gob filling mining and gob side entry retaining filling process | |
| CN105317459B (en) | A kind of subregion placement method for being used to control tight roof large area caving disaster | |
| WO2016045440A1 (en) | Mining method | |
| CN111005392B (en) | Treatment method for high and steep landslide of mine with gentle-dip weak interlayer | |
| WO2022247176A1 (en) | Filling caving mining method | |
| CN111550283A (en) | Method for reducing damage by alternately laying gangue filling and bag grouting combined support | |
| CN111042818B (en) | Mining method of tungsten ore body with unstable surrounding rock and steeply inclined thin ore vein | |
| CN111997616B (en) | Method for continuously recycling residual top-bottom column by adopting large section | |
| CN115030722A (en) | Efficient water-retaining coal mining method for goaf lag filling | |
| CN103061767B (en) | Lower to horizontal slice Dry-placed fill mining | |
| CN104989408A (en) | Safe and high-efficiency mining method for metal mine in mountainous area | |
| CN113338924B (en) | Control method for surface subsidence range by natural caving method | |
| CN110080774A (en) | Mine Dry-placed fill mining is fallen based on the vertical medium-length hole retrusive of high-dipping ore block | |
| CN215520873U (en) | Coal gangue powder overlying strata compaction grouting filling mining system | |
| CN112302663A (en) | Milling and blasting combined construction method for water-rich desertification dolomite formation tunnel | |
| CN112324439A (en) | Mining method for inducing caving roadway roof | |
| CN110397439A (en) | Mine Dry-placed fill mining is fallen based on the vertical medium-length hole retrusive of high-dipping ore block | |
| CN109826201A (en) | A kind of weak soil foundation pit step method for protecting support | |
| RU2810374C1 (en) | Method of strengthening ledge berm | |
| CN105648931A (en) | Blasting method of separated type overpass | |
| RU2387837C1 (en) | Method for recovery of exhausted open pits for construction of structures | |
| CN112145178A (en) | Mining method for bottom ore falling and ore removal | |
| RU2239066C1 (en) | Method for extraction and primary concentration of diamond-placers | |
| CN108625858A (en) | The recovery method of Pb-Zn deposits and its purposes of barren rock | |
| SU1093828A1 (en) | Method of working thick coal seams susceptible to gas-dynamic phenomena |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |