CN113337290A

CN113337290A - Preparation method, application and preparation device of desert transformation agent

Info

Publication number: CN113337290A
Application number: CN202110598849.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨秀勇; 杨利方; 杨茂华; 张欣培; 魏涛
Original assignee: SUINING HUAXU TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
Current assignee: SUINING HUAXU TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
Priority date: 2021-05-31
Filing date: 2021-05-31
Publication date: 2021-09-03

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of desert transformation, and discloses a preparation method of a desert transformation agent, which comprises the following steps: drying and grinding the phosphogypsum to obtain phosphogypsum powder; adding alkali liquor, stirring and neutralizing to obtain a substance A containing leachate, wherein the pH value of the leachate is 6-7; transferring the substance A into a reaction container, adding a proper amount of water, removing impurities, and drying to obtain phosphogypsum powder; selecting one or more of edible fungus culture medium doped with microbial agent, Chinese medicinal preparation residue, and fowl and livestock feces, fermenting, sterilizing, and disinfecting to obtain filler; mixing the phosphogypsum powder with the filler, and packaging to obtain the modifier. Its application and preparing process are also disclosed. The transformation agent disclosed by the invention contains abundant organic matters and cellulose, can effectively improve a granular structure formed by gelation with sand grains, increases the soil moisture storage capacity of the transformed soil, and realizes sand transformation. The modified phosphogypsum is an air-hardening cementing material, and the desert transformation effect has good sustainability and stability.

Description

Preparation method, application and preparation device of desert transformation agent

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of desert transformation, in particular to a preparation method, application and a preparation device of a desert transformation agent.

Background

One third of the land on the earth is desert, and 43% of the land is facing the threat of desertification. China is one of the most serious countries in the world, and the area of desertified land reaches 264 km²Occupies 27.5 percent of the territorial area of China, wherein the desert is the most serious, and the territorial area reaches 80.9 km²And also continues to scale up in spread, averaging 610km per year²The activation of the desert occurs, of which 310km is present²The soil falls to sandy land.

From the physical characteristics of the desert, the sand in the desert is mainly silica particles, the particles have no binding force, and no intermediate substance is hinged, so that the sand cannot form a granular structure, and the desert has no capacity of storing water, fertilizer, gas and heat, namely has no soil function; because the desert sand grains are in a discrete state, are not restricted or sticky, can drift with wind, and can form sand storm shielding from the sun and even form migratory sand dunes and sand mountains when meeting strong airflow.

The ecological device is unbalanced due to desertification, the arable area can be continuously reduced, and the ecological device has serious influence on the industrial and agricultural production of China and the life of people. Desert and desertified land in northwest arid areas of China have become one of the main source areas of sand storm in China and even Asia-Pacific areas, and due to the instability and floating migration of desert, the desert has great threat to desert roads, desert railways, desert oil and gas gathering and transportation pipelines and other desert buildings, and huge loss is caused to national social economy.

For decades, measures such as grass square grids, sand blocking fences and the like are adopted, so that important achievements are achieved in the aspects of sand prevention and sand fixation; but the research and practice effects of desert transformation are not obvious, and the research and test results on the aspects of desert structure, sand particle characteristics, desert transformation mechanism and the like are rarely seen; the technical lag of desert transformation is an obvious short board.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method, application and a preparation device of a desert transformation agent, and solves the technical problems of lag and poor transformation effect of the existing desert transformation technology.

The first aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of a desert transformation agent, which is realized by the following technical scheme: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) drying and grinding the phosphogypsum to obtain phosphogypsum powder;

(2) adding alkali liquor, stirring and neutralizing to obtain a substance A containing leachate, wherein the pH value of the leachate is 6-7;

(3) transferring the substance A into a reaction container, adding a proper amount of water, removing impurities, and drying to obtain phosphogypsum powder;

(4) selecting one or more of edible fungus culture medium doped with microbial agent, Chinese medicinal preparation residue, and fowl and livestock feces, fermenting, sterilizing, and disinfecting to obtain filler;

(5) mixing the phosphogypsum powder with the filler, and packaging to obtain the desert transformation agent.

Preferably, the lye is lime liquor.

Preferably, the particle size of the phosphogypsum powder obtained in step (1) is less than or equal to 50um, such as 10um, 20um, 30um, 40um, 50 um.

Preferably, the weight ratio of water to the substance A in the step (3) is 3-4: 1, such as 3:1, 4:1, 3.5: 1.

Preferably, the impurity removal treatment in the step (3) is specifically countercurrent rinsing and solid-liquid separation, and is used for washing and removing soluble salts and heavy metal ions.

Preferably, the microbial agent is yeast, and other microbial agents such as bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and the like can be selected.

Preferably, one or more of the edible fungus culture medium, the Chinese medicinal preparation residues and the livestock and poultry manure in the step (4) is/are dried and crushed before being mixed with the microbial agent, the moisture content after drying is less than or equal to 20%, such as 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, and the particle size after crushing is less than or equal to 1.0mm, such as 0.2mm, 0.5mm and 1.0 mm.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the phosphogypsum powder to the filler in the step (5) is 1: 1.

The invention provides the application of the desert transformation agent prepared by the method, which is used for transforming the soil of desert and desertification and sand fixing operation of desert and gobi buildings, and the desert transformation agent is specifically carried out according to the following steps:

(1) the modifying agent is mixed into the layer to be modified for a certain depth, and the modifying agent is mixed into the layer to be modified for 20-25 m per mu³Sprinkling water for soaking;

(2) and (3) uniformly mixing the modifying agent, the layer to be modified and water to obtain a modified layer.

The third aspect of the invention is to provide a device for implementing the preparation method of the desert transformation agent, which is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: comprises a dryer, a grinder, a reactor, a grinder, a separator, a fermenter, a stirring mixer and a batcher;

the dryer is used for drying the phosphogypsum and the product after impurity removal treatment;

the grinder is used for grinding the phosphogypsum;

the reactor is used for mixing and reacting phosphogypsum powder and alkali liquor;

the pulverizer is used for pulverizing the dried edible fungus culture medium and the livestock and poultry manure;

the separator is used for solid-liquid separation in the impurity removal treatment process;

the fermenter is used for fermenting the edible fungus culture medium, the traditional Chinese medicine preparation residues and the livestock and poultry manure mixed with the microbial agent;

the stirring mixer is used for stirring and mixing;

the batcher is used for proportion batching.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

(1) the invention adopts phosphogypsum as a raw material, and the phosphogypsum is dried and ground into particles with the particle size of less than 50um, so that the phosphogypsum has strong coagulation effect, calcium hydroxide also has strong coagulation effect, and the phosphogypsum is matched with an edible fungus culture medium doped with a microbial agent, residues of a traditional Chinese medicine preparation and feces of livestock, so that the modifying agent contains rich organic matters and cellulose, the granular structure formed by gelation with sand particles can be effectively improved, the hardened structure of a gel is loose and porous, the soil moisture storage capacity of the modified soil is improved, the soil modified in the desert is changed into high-quality soil, the sand change soil is realized, and the technical problems of the desert, desertification soil and sand fixation modification are fundamentally solved. The modified phosphogypsum is an air-hardening cementing material, and can maintain and develop a cementing effect in a dry environment and in a water environment in which the phosphogypsum is cemented with other discrete materials; under the rainfall or watering condition, the desert transformation agent is not eroded by water, can resist the blowing erosion of strong wind, and can not be naturally degraded, so the desert transformation effect has sustainability and stability.

(2) The desert transformation agent is mixed with the desert sand grains, so that the discrete sand grains and the filling material are cemented to form aggregates, the structural strength for resisting wind and rain erosion and stripping is realized, and good sand prevention and sand fixation effects can be realized; meanwhile, the desert transformation layer has a covering effect on the sand body, the evaporation capacity of the sand body is greatly reduced, the nutrient loss and heat loss are slowed down, the structural form of the desert can be changed by the accumulation, the grass and the trees can be planted, the vegetation can be recovered, and the permanent sand-proof belt can be formed.

(3) The phosphogypsum used by the invention contains undecomposed apatite and insoluble P after impurity removal treatment₂O₅Eutectic crystal P₂O₅(ii) a Also contains trace elements such as arsenic, copper, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, ferrum, manganese, lead, cadmium, mercury and the like; the used edible fungus culture medium, the residue of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation and the feces of the livestock and the poultry after fermentation treatment also contain various trace elements for the absorption and the utilization of plants.

(4) The phosphogypsum is utilized, resource utilization is realized, and the pollution of the phosphogypsum to the environment is reduced. The waste edible fungus culture medium, the residue of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation and the feces of the livestock are utilized, so that the resources are saved, the cost is reduced, and the environmental pollution is reduced.

(5) In addition, the soil transformed by the desert transformation agent can be used for planting high-efficiency crops, and remarkable benefits are obtained, such as: planting drought-enduring pasture-alfalfa, establishing a pasture and realizing ecological cycle; planting drought-enduring Chinese herbal medicines, establishing a Chinese herbal preparation factory, and realizing circular economy; according to the fertilizer components contained in the phosphogypsum, the oil content and the yield can be obviously improved by planting peanuts and soybeans.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of experimental results of water collection and permeability of a desert transformation layer;

FIG. 1b is a schematic diagram of experimental results of water collection and permeability of a soil improvement layer;

FIG. 1c is a schematic diagram showing experimental results of water collection and permeability of an unmodified sand pile;

FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram showing the result of an evaporation drying test on a desert transformation layer;

FIG. 2b is a schematic representation of the results of the soil improvement layer after an evaporation drying test;

FIG. 3a is a diagram showing the growth of plants 5 days after planting in a desert transformation layer;

FIG. 3b is a graph of plant growth 5 days after planting in a soil amendment layer;

FIG. 3c is a graph of plant growth 5 days after planting in a sand stabilization remodeled layer;

FIG. 3d is a graph of plant growth 8 days after planting in a soil amendment layer;

FIG. 3e is a diagram showing the growth of plants 8 days after planting in the desert transformation layer;

fig. 4 is a diagram of the growth of plant roots in a desert transformation layer.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the preparation process of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used as limitations of the present invention.

Preparation method of desert transformation agent

Example 1:

a preparation method of a desert transformation agent specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) drying and ball-milling the phosphogypsum to obtain phosphogypsum powder with the particle size of 50 um;

(2) adding quicklime liquid into the phosphogypsum powder, stirring and neutralizing to obtain a substance A containing leachate, wherein the pH value of the leachate is 6-7;

(3) transferring the substance A with the impregnation liquid into a reaction vessel, mixing and reacting the components in the reaction vessel, adding a proper amount of water for washing, wherein the weight ratio of the water to the substance A is 3:1, removing impurities by adopting a countercurrent rinsing mode to remove soluble salts and heavy metal ions, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, and drying the solid to obtain phosphogypsum powder, wherein the water content of the phosphogypsum powder is equal to 20%;

(4) drying and crushing the edible fungus culture medium, wherein the water content of the dried edible fungus culture medium is 20%, and the particle size is 1.0 mm; then, yeast is doped into the dried and crushed edible fungus culture medium, rapid decomposition, deodorization, high-temperature fermentation at 80-100 ℃, and sterilization and disinfection are carried out simultaneously to obtain the filler;

(5) the phosphogypsum powder and the filler are prepared according to the weight ratio of 1:1, are uniformly mixed, and are packaged by a film covering bag to prevent water absorption and agglomeration, so that the desert transformation agent is obtained.

Example 2:

a preparation method of a desert transformation agent, which is different from the preparation method of the desert transformation agent in the embodiment 1:

the particle size of the phosphogypsum powder obtained in the step (1) is 30 um;

in the step (3), the weight ratio of water to the substance A is 4:1, and the water content of the phosphogypsum powder is 10%;

selecting the edible fungus culture medium doped with the microbial agent and the traditional Chinese medicine preparation residues in the step (4), fermenting, sterilizing and disinfecting to obtain the filler; specifically, the edible fungus culture medium and the Chinese medicinal preparation residues are dried and crushed, and the mixture of the dried edible fungus culture medium and the dried Chinese medicinal preparation residues has the water content of 10 percent and the particle size of 1.0 mm.

The other procedures were the same as in example 1.

Example 3:

the particle size of the phosphogypsum powder obtained in the step (1) is 10 um;

in the step (3), the weight ratio of water to the substance A is 3.5:1, and the water content of the phosphogypsum powder is 5%;

selecting an edible fungus culture medium doped with a microbial agent, Chinese medicinal preparation residues and livestock and poultry manure for fermentation, sterilization and disinfection to obtain a filler in the step (4); specifically, the edible fungus culture medium, the Chinese medicinal preparation residues and the livestock manure are dried and crushed, and the mixture of the dried edible fungus culture medium, the Chinese medicinal preparation residues and the livestock manure has the water content of 10 percent and the particle size of 0.5 mm.

The other procedures were the same as in example 1.

Application of desert transformation agent

1. The desert transformation agent prepared in the embodiment 1 to 3 can be used for transformation of desert and desertification soil and sand fixation operation of desert and gobi buildings, and is specifically carried out according to the following steps:

Example 4:

the desert transformation agent prepared by the above embodiments 1-3 is applied to desert transformation.

The method comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing the modifying agent into the depth of desert200mm, wherein the desert transformation agent is 2m³Desert 50m²Sprinkling water for soaking;

(2) the modifying agent, sand grains and water are uniformly mixed in the range of the plough layer by using special machinery, and a granular structure is rapidly formed among the sand grains, so that the desert modifying layer is obtained.

Example 5:

the application of the desert transformation agent prepared by the above embodiments 1-3 is applied to the transformation of desertification soil.

The method can specifically comprise the following steps:

(1) the modifying agent is mixed into the desertification soil with the depth of 200mm, wherein the depth of the desertification modifying agent is 2m³50m of desertification soil²Sprinkling water for soaking;

(2) the modifying agent, the desertification soil and the water are uniformly mixed in the range of the plough layer by using special machinery, and the granular structure with the soil grain diameter of more than or equal to 2mm is obviously increased, so that the soil modifying layer is obtained.

Example 6: the desert transformation agent prepared by the embodiments 1 to 3 is applied to sand fixation operation of desert and gobi buildings.

The method can specifically comprise the following steps:

(1) the modifying agent is mixed into the sand-fixing depth of 300mm, wherein the desert modifying agent is 3.0m³50m for fixing sand²Sprinkling water for soaking;

(2) the modifying agent, the sand fixing and the water are uniformly mixed in the range of the plough layer by using special machinery to form a sand fixing layer with a granular structure, namely the sand fixing modifying layer.

2. Study of the Properties of the modified layer

(1) The water collection and permeability experiments of the desert transformation layers and the soil transformation layers obtained in the embodiments 4 and 5 are carried out, and the results shown in the attached drawings 1a and 1b are obtained, as can be seen from the attached drawing 1a, the soil piles of the soil transformation layers form soil pits after water flow impact, the water is accumulated in the soil pits, and the infiltration of the water is slow, as can be seen from the attached drawing 1b, the soil piles of the desert transformation layers form soil pits after water flow impact, the water is accumulated in the soil pits, and the infiltration of the water is slow.

Compared with the unmodified sand pile in the attached figure 1c, the unmodified sand pile forms a sand pit after water flow impact, but no water is accumulated in the sand pit, and the accumulated water rapidly permeates, which shows that the modified desert and desertification soil has a strong function of reserving water.

(2) Evaporation drying test was performed on the desert transformation layer and soil transformation layer obtained in examples 4 and 5

The modified layers of examples 4 and 5 were soaked thoroughly with water and naturally evaporated in a sunny day for 24 hours at 25 ℃ to obtain the results shown in fig. 2.

As shown in the attached figure 2a, after an evaporation drying test, the desert transformation layer is changed into fine sand and contains a plurality of agglomerate structures, which shows that the transformation agent and sand grains have strong coagulation effect, mineral substances and organic substances in the transformation agent are gelled to form the agglomerate structures, and the agglomerate structures are loose and porous and have reduced volume weight, so that a soil framework for storing moisture, nutrients, air and heat is established.

As can be seen from fig. 2b, the soil improvement layer is subjected to an evaporation drying test to obtain moist soil, which shows that the improvement agent and the desertification soil have a strong coagulation effect, and the soil and mineral substances and organic substances in the improvement agent are gelled to form a granular structure, so that a soil framework with stored moisture, nutrients, air and heat is formed.

(3) Planting tests were carried out on the desert reclamation layer, soil reclamation layer, and sand fixation reclamation layer obtained in examples 4 to 6, and the results shown in fig. 3 were obtained.

Wherein, the attached figures 3a, 3b and 3c are the growth conditions of the plants in the desert transformation layer, the soil transformation layer and the sand fixation transformation layer after 5 days of planting respectively, and the plants growing in the desert transformation layer, the soil transformation layer and the sand fixation transformation layer can be known to grow well.

Fig. 3d and 3e show the growth of plants 8 days after the plants are planted in the soil improvement layer and the desert improvement layer, and compared with fig. 3b and 3a, the growth of plants is rapid, which shows that the plants grow well and vigorously.

(4) Research on root conditions of plants in the transformation layer

Plant roots planted in the desert transformation layer of example 5 were observed, and the results shown in fig. 4 were obtained, indicating that the plant roots developed in the transformation layer and apparently avoided the non-transformation layer.

The methods used in the present invention for the investigation of the modified layer and the various tests performed are those commonly used in the art, and are prior art that should be understood by those skilled in the art, and will not be described herein.

Third, implement the device of a preparation method of desert transforming agent

A preparation device of desert transformation agent comprises a dryer, a grinder, a reactor, a grinder, a separator, a fermenter, a stirring mixer and a batcher.

The dryer is used for drying the phosphogypsum and the solid obtained by solid-liquid separation in the impurity removal process; the grinder is used for grinding the phosphogypsum and can adopt a ball mill; the reactor is used for mixing and reacting phosphogypsum powder and alkali liquor; the pulverizer is used for pulverizing the dried edible fungus culture medium and the livestock and poultry manure; the separator is used for solid-liquid separation in the impurity removal treatment process; the fermenter is used for fermenting the edible fungus culture medium, the traditional Chinese medicine preparation residues and the livestock manure doped with the microbial agent, and sterilizing and disinfecting; the stirring mixer is used for stirring and uniformly mixing materials; the batching apparatus is used for batching the filler and the phosphogypsum powder according to a set proportion.

The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The preparation method of the desert transformation agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) drying and grinding the phosphogypsum to obtain phosphogypsum powder;

2. The method for preparing a desert transforming agent as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the alkali liquor is lime liquor.

3. The method for preparing a desert transforming agent as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the particle size of the phosphogypsum powder obtained in the step (1) is less than or equal to 50 um.

4. The method for preparing a desert transforming agent as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the weight ratio of the water to the substance A in the step (3) is 3-4: 1.

5. The method for preparing a desert transforming agent as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the impurity removal treatment in the step (3) comprises countercurrent rinsing and solid-liquid separation.

6. The method for preparing a desert transforming agent as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the microbial agent is saccharomycete.

7. The method for preparing a desert transforming agent as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) drying and crushing one or more of the edible fungus culture medium, the Chinese medicinal preparation residues and the livestock and poultry manure in the step (4) before the microbial agent is doped, wherein the water content after drying is less than or equal to 20%, and the particle size after crushing is less than or equal to 1.0 mm.

8. The method for preparing a desert transforming agent as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (5), the weight ratio of the phosphogypsum powder to the filler is 1: 1.

9. The use of the desert transforming agent prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the desert transforming agent is prepared by the following steps: the transformation agent is used for transforming desert and desertification soil and sand fixation operation of desert and gobi buildings, and is specifically carried out according to the following steps:

10. An apparatus for carrying out a method of preparing a desert transforming agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: comprises a dryer, a grinder, a reactor, a grinder, a separator, a fermenter, a stirring mixer and a batcher;

the grinder is used for grinding the phosphogypsum;

the stirring mixer is used for stirring and mixing;

the batcher is used for proportion batching.