CN113331211A - Medicament for preventing and treating passion fruit stem basal rot and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Medicament for preventing and treating passion fruit stem basal rot and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113331211A CN113331211A CN202110623581.4A CN202110623581A CN113331211A CN 113331211 A CN113331211 A CN 113331211A CN 202110623581 A CN202110623581 A CN 202110623581A CN 113331211 A CN113331211 A CN 113331211A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/22—Bacillus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/18—Baker's yeast; Brewer's yeast
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
Abstract
The invention provides a medicament for preventing and treating passion fruit stem base rot and a preparation method thereof, wherein the medicament is mainly prepared from Bacillus beiLeisi fermentation liquor, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, bentonite and sodium benzoate, and concretely, the apple pomace is used as a raw material to prepare fulvic acid through fermentation, and then the fulvic acid is prepared into a biological coating agent with a slow release effect together with the sodium alginate, the polyvinyl alcohol, the bentonite and the sodium benzoate. The medicament can play a role in inhibiting pathogenic bacteria of the stem basal rot for a long time, so that the occurrence of the stem basal rot is inhibited for a long time; meanwhile, the fulvic acid can achieve a slow release effect in the film coating agent, can continuously provide nutrition for crops, stimulate the growth of the crops, improve the activity of various enzymes in plants, enable the crops to have vigorous metabolism, strengthen photosynthesis and further improve the cold resistance and disease resistance of the crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop pest control, and particularly relates to a pesticide for controlling stem base rot of passion fruit and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Passion fruit, also known as eggfruit, a perennial evergreen vine of the passionflower genus of the passionflower family. The passion fruit has high nutritive value, contains 17 amino acids, multiple vitamins and carotenoids which are needed by human bodies, contains very rich natural vitamin C, 34.6 mg of vitamin C in every 100 g of fruit juice, is also rich in vitamins A1, B1, B2 and the like, and also contains rich calcium, phosphorus, iron, multiple amino acids and trace elements. Soluble solid content is 5-16%, total acid content is 3.8-4%, and sweet and sour taste is moderate. In addition, the passion fruit is rich in VC, carotene and SOD enzyme, and can remove free radicals in vivo and play a role in beautifying and resisting aging. The passion fruit is used as a raw material to be processed into fruit juice, jam and jelly, the flavor is unique, and the fruit juice can emit the strong fragrance of more than ten kinds of fruits such as guava, pineapple, banana, strawberry, lemon, mango, smoked plum and the like, so the passion fruit has very good commercial value and is widely popularized and planted in southern areas of China. However, in actual popularization, the passion fruit stem basal rot sometimes occurs, and therefore a large adverse effect is caused on popularization and planting of the passion fruit stem basal rot.
At present, the commonly used control method for the stem base rot of the passion fruit only uses a plurality of commonly used chemical agents to spray the passion fruit in a whole piece, the control effect is not ideal, and the sustainable development of the passion fruit industry is seriously restricted. In addition, with the increasing public requirements on 'green food' and 'pollution-free food', the market demand for pollution-free and naturally degradable ecological pesticides is increasing. From the development of pesticide science, the natural return and the pollution-free development of pesticides in the research and the use of pesticides are inevitable trends in the development of society and natural science.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of unsatisfactory control effect and environmental pollution caused by chemical agents in the existing control of the stem base rot of the passion fruit, the invention provides the agent for controlling the stem base rot of the passion fruit and the preparation method thereof, and the agent has lasting effect and does not pollute the environment.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a medicament for preventing and treating the stem base rot of passion fruit is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of Bacillus beilisi fermentation liquor, 10-30 parts of sodium alginate, 70-90 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5-10 parts of bentonite and 1-2 parts of sodium benzoate.
As a further improvement of the medicament for preventing and treating the stem base rot of the passion fruit, the weight volume percentage concentration ratio of the sodium alginate, the polyvinyl alcohol, the bentonite and the sodium benzoate is (1-3): 7-9): 0.5: 0.1.
The invention takes humic acid which is a fermentation product of biocontrol bacterium Bacillus belgii as a main raw material, and sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol are compounded to prepare a coating agent for preventing and treating passion fruit stem basal rot. The method has the advantages that the Bacillus belgii has good antagonistic action on pythium and fusarium causing the stem basal rot of the passion fruit tree, but the effect of the Bacillus belgii is unstable when the Bacillus belgii is singly put in, the fermentation liquid obtained by fermenting the Bacillus belgii, sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol are prepared into a biological film coating agent, the antagonistic bacteria are stored by utilizing a biological film agent, the influence of the surrounding environment on the activity of microorganisms is reduced, the reduction speed of the activity of the bacteria is slowed down, and the Bacillus belgii can exert antagonistic action on the pathogenic bacteria of the stem basal rot for a long time, so that the occurrence of the stem basal rot is inhibited for a long time; meanwhile, the fulvic acid in the fermentation liquor can achieve a slow release effect in the film coating agent, can continuously provide nutrition for crops, stimulates the growth of the crops, improves the activity of various enzymes in plants, enables the crops to have vigorous metabolism, enhances photosynthesis, and further improves the cold resistance and disease resistance of the crops.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a preparation method of the medicament for preventing and treating the base rot of the passion fruit stems, which comprises the following steps:
(1) inoculating Bacillus belgii on a PDA culture medium inclined plane, and culturing at 30 deg.C for 24 hr for activation to obtain activated Bacillus belgii;
(2) inoculating the activated Bacillus belgii into a seed bottle filled with an expanded culture medium, and performing expanded culture at 30 ℃ and 180rpm for 12h to obtain a Bacillus belgii seed solution;
(3) inoculating the Bacillus belgii seed solution into a fermentation bottle filled with a fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 4-6%, adding other three bacteria according to the inoculation amount of Trichoderma viride, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus belgii and Pseudomonas, and performing fermentation culture for 10-20 days to obtain a fermentation solution; the fermentation medium is apple pomace, the water content is 40-50%, 1-3% of urea is added, and the pH is natural;
(4) mixing sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, bentonite and sodium benzoate according to the parts by weight, adding the mixture into sterile water, carrying out boiling water bath until all the components are completely dissolved into a viscous state, cooling to 28-35 ℃, adding fermentation liquor, and uniformly mixing to obtain the medicament for preventing and treating the stem base rot of the passion fruit.
The invention takes the apple pomace as the fermentation raw material of the Bacillus beleisi, the main components of the apple pomace are water, cellulose, pectin, protein, a small amount of fat, soluble carbohydrate, fatty acid and other nutrient substances, the raw materials accord with the bacterial fermentation conditions, and the fulvic acid is prepared by fermenting the composite microbial inoculum, thereby reducing the fermentation cost and achieving the purpose of waste utilization.
The dosage ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol and the sodium alginate not only affects the slow release performance of the film coating agent, but also affects the activity of the bacterial strain, the smaller the dosage of the sodium alginate, the fewer bubbles of the film coating agent, the better the permeability of the Turkish magic agent and the better the slow release performance, but the activity of the bacterial strain is reduced when the dosage ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol is too high, and in order to achieve the best slow release performance and the best bacterial strain activity, the inventor of the invention has been found through experimental research that when the dosage ratio of the sodium alginate: when the polyvinyl alcohol is (1-3) to (7-9), the prepared coating agent has the best comprehensive performance.
As a further improvement of the preparation method of the agent for preventing and treating the stem base rot of the passion fruit, the fermentation liquor is adjusted to the concentration of 1 x 10 by using sterile water8cfu/mL。
The concentration of the bacterial strain in the biological film coating agent is not suitable to be too high, otherwise, the bacterial strain grows rapidly and destroys the slow release performance of the film coating agent, so that the effective components and the thalli in the agent are affected, the bacteriostatic performance is reduced, and the stem base rot cannot be well controlled.
As a further improvement of the preparation method of the agent for preventing and treating the basal rot of the passion fruit stem, the preparation method of the PDA culture medium is as follows:
peeling 200g of potato, cutting into pieces, adding into a pot, adding water, boiling for 20min, filtering with four layers of gauze, pouring the filtrate into the pot, continuously heating, sequentially adding 20g of glucose and 20g of agar powder, stirring, uniformly mixing, dissolving, supplementing water to 1000mL, cooling, subpackaging into triangular flasks, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ under 0.1MPa for 20min to obtain the potato health-care tea.
As a further improvement of the preparation method of the medicament for preventing and treating the stem basal rot of the passion fruit, the expanding culture medium is a PDA culture medium without agar powder.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the preparation for preventing and treating the stem base rot of the passion fruit is prepared by taking biocontrol bacterium Bacillus belgii and a fermentation product fulvic acid thereof as main raw materials, and compared with the method for preventing and treating the stem base rot of the passion fruit by adopting a chemical agent, the preparation is more environment-friendly and safer for people and livestock; on the other hand, the biocontrol bacteria can inhibit the pathogenic bacteria of the stem basal rot and promote the growth of crops, thereby achieving two purposes at one stroke.
2. According to the invention, the apple pomace is utilized to carry out biocontrol bacteria fermentation to produce the fulvic acid, so that the fermentation cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the effect of waste utilization is achieved, and the method is green and environment-friendly.
3. The slow-release film coating agent prepared by compounding the biocontrol bacteria with the polyvinyl alcohol and the sodium alginate and the fermentation product thereof has the advantages that the raw materials are degradable natural products, no harm is caused to the environment, crops, people and livestock, and the slow-release film coating agent is green and environment-friendly.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A medicament for preventing and treating the stem base rot of passion fruit is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of Bacillus beleisi fermentation liquor, 30 parts of sodium alginate, 70 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5 parts of bentonite and 1 part of sodium benzoate.
The preparation method of the agent for preventing and treating the stem base rot of the passion fruit comprises the following steps:
(1) inoculating Bacillus belgii on a PDA culture medium inclined plane, and culturing at 30 deg.C for 24 hr for activation to obtain activated Bacillus belgii;
(2) inoculating the activated Bacillus belgii into a seed bottle filled with an expanded culture medium, and performing expanded culture at 30 ℃ and 180rpm for 12h to obtain a Bacillus belgii seed solution;
(3) inoculating the Bacillus belgii seed solution into a fermentation bottle filled with a fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 4%, adding other three bacteria according to the inoculation amount of Trichoderma viride, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus belgii and Pseudomonas, and performing fermentation culture for 10d to obtain a fermentation solution; the fermentation medium is apple pomace, the water content of the apple pomace is 40%, 1% of urea is added, and the pH is natural; the concentration of the fermentation liquor is adjusted to 1 × 10 by using sterile water8cfu/mL;
(4) Mixing sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, bentonite and sodium benzoate according to the parts by weight, adding the mixture into sterile water, carrying out boiling water bath until all the components are completely dissolved into a viscous state, cooling to 28 ℃, adding fermentation liquor, and uniformly mixing to obtain the medicament for preventing and treating the stem base rot of the passion fruit.
The preparation method of the PDA culture medium comprises the following steps:
peeling 200g of potato, cutting into pieces, adding into a pot, adding water, boiling for 20min, filtering with four layers of gauze, pouring the filtrate into the pot, continuously heating, sequentially adding 20g of glucose and 20g of agar powder, stirring, uniformly mixing, dissolving, supplementing water to 1000mL, cooling, subpackaging into triangular flasks, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ under 0.1MPa for 20min to obtain the potato health-care tea.
The expanding culture medium is PDA culture medium without agar powder.
Example 2
A medicament for preventing and treating the stem base rot of passion fruit is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of Bacillus belgii fermentation liquor, 10 parts of sodium alginate, 90 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 10 parts of bentonite and 2 parts of sodium benzoate.
The preparation method of the agent for preventing and treating the stem base rot of the passion fruit comprises the following steps:
(1) inoculating Bacillus belgii on a PDA culture medium inclined plane, and culturing at 30 deg.C for 24 hr for activation to obtain activated Bacillus belgii;
(2) inoculating the activated Bacillus belgii into a seed bottle filled with an expanded culture medium, and performing expanded culture at 30 ℃ and 180rpm for 12h to obtain a Bacillus belgii seed solution;
(3) inoculating the Bacillus belgii seed solution into a fermentation bottle filled with a fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 6%, adding other three bacteria according to the inoculation amount of Trichoderma viride, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus belgii and Pseudomonas, and performing fermentation culture for 20d to obtain a fermentation solution; the fermentation medium is apple pomace, the water content is 50%, 3% of urea is added, and the pH is natural; the concentration of the fermentation liquor is adjusted to 1 × 10 by using sterile water8cfu/mL;
(4) Mixing sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, bentonite and sodium benzoate according to the parts by weight, adding the mixture into sterile water, carrying out boiling water bath until all the components are completely dissolved into a viscous state, cooling to 35 ℃, adding fermentation liquor, and uniformly mixing to obtain the medicament for preventing and treating the stem base rot of the passion fruit.
The preparation method of the PDA culture medium comprises the following steps:
peeling 200g of potato, cutting into pieces, adding into a pot, adding water, boiling for 20min, filtering with four layers of gauze, pouring the filtrate into the pot, continuously heating, sequentially adding 20g of glucose and 20g of agar powder, stirring, uniformly mixing, dissolving, supplementing water to 1000mL, cooling, subpackaging into triangular flasks, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ under 0.1MPa for 20min to obtain the potato health-care tea.
The expanding culture medium is PDA culture medium without agar powder.
Example 3
A medicament for preventing and treating the stem base rot of passion fruit is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of Bacillus belgii fermentation liquor, 20 parts of sodium alginate, 80 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 8 parts of bentonite and 1.6 parts of sodium benzoate.
The preparation method of the agent for preventing and treating the stem base rot of the passion fruit comprises the following steps:
(1) inoculating Bacillus belgii on a PDA culture medium inclined plane, and culturing at 30 deg.C for 24 hr for activation to obtain activated Bacillus belgii;
(2) inoculating the activated Bacillus belgii into a seed bottle filled with an expanded culture medium, and performing expanded culture at 30 ℃ and 180rpm for 12h to obtain a Bacillus belgii seed solution;
(3) inoculating the Bacillus belgii seed solution into a fermentation bottle filled with a fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 5%, adding other three bacteria according to the inoculation amount of Trichoderma viride, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus belgii and Pseudomonas, and performing fermentation culture for 18d to obtain a fermentation liquid; the fermentation medium is apple pomace, the water content is 40-50%, 1-3% of urea is added, and the pH is natural;
(4) mixing sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, bentonite and sodium benzoate according to the parts by weight, adding the mixture into sterile water, carrying out boiling water bath until all the components are completely dissolved into a viscous state, cooling to 30 ℃, adding fermentation liquor, and uniformly mixing to obtain the medicament for preventing and treating the stem base rot of the passion fruit.
The concentration of the fermentation liquor is adjusted to 1 × 10 by using sterile water8cfu/mL。
The preparation method of the PDA culture medium comprises the following steps:
peeling 200g of potato, cutting into pieces, adding into a pot, adding water, boiling for 20min, filtering with four layers of gauze, pouring the filtrate into the pot, continuously heating, sequentially adding 20g of glucose and 20g of agar powder, stirring, uniformly mixing, dissolving, supplementing water to 1000mL, cooling, subpackaging into triangular flasks, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ under 0.1MPa for 20min to obtain the potato health-care tea.
The expanding culture medium is PDA culture medium without agar powder.
Test examples
Taking 800 passion fruit seedlings with similar growth vigor, averagely dividing the seedlings into four groups, respectively recording the four groups as an experimental group 1, an experimental group 2, an experimental group 3 and a control group, respectively planting the seedlings in a flowerpot with sterile soil in advance, planting 1 seedling in each pot, and cultivating the seedlings according to a conventional planting management mode;
the preparation concentration is 1108cfu/mL of fusarium graminearum liquid of passion fruit physalospora, wherein the fusarium graminearum is obtained by screening the passion fruit infected with physalospora; 5mL of fusarium graminearum liquid of passion fruit stem rot is sprayed in each flowerpot of the experimental group 1, the experimental group 2, the experimental group 3 and the control group in sequence; then, 5mL of the agent prepared in example 1 was applied to the passion fruit seedling trunk of each flowerpot in the experimental group 1, 5mL of the agent prepared in example 2 was applied to the passion fruit seedling trunk of each flowerpot in the experimental group 2, 5mL of the agent prepared in example 3 was applied to the passion fruit seedling trunk of each flowerpot in the experimental group 3, 5mL of carbendazim (commercially available) was sprayed to the passion fruit seedling trunk of each flowerpot in the control group, the cultivation was carried out for 30 days, and the seedling infection condition was recorded, and the specific results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Passion fruit sapling growth
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the agent prepared by the present invention can effectively inhibit the generation of basal stem rot, compared to the commercially available carbendazim.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made thereto by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The medicament for preventing and treating the stem base rot of the passion fruit is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of Bacillus beilisi fermentation liquor, 10-30 parts of sodium alginate, 70-90 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5-10 parts of bentonite and 1-2 parts of sodium benzoate.
2. The agent for controlling basidiospore of passion fruit according to claim 1, wherein: the weight volume percentage concentration ratio of the sodium alginate, the polyvinyl alcohol, the bentonite and the sodium benzoate is (1-3): (7-9): 0.5: 0.1.
3. The preparation method of the agent for controlling the basilar rot of the passion fruit stem as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) inoculating Bacillus belgii on a PDA culture medium inclined plane, and culturing at 30 deg.C for 24 hr for activation to obtain activated Bacillus belgii;
(2) inoculating the activated Bacillus belgii into a seed bottle filled with an expanded culture medium, and performing expanded culture at 30 ℃ and 180rpm for 12h to obtain a Bacillus belgii seed solution;
(3) inoculating the Bacillus belgii seed solution into a fermentation bottle filled with a fermentation medium according to the inoculation amount of 4-6%, adding other three bacteria according to the inoculation amount of Trichoderma viride, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus belgii and Pseudomonas, and performing fermentation culture for 10-20 days to obtain a fermentation solution; the fermentation medium is apple pomace, the water content is 40-50%, 1-3% of urea is added, and the pH is natural;
(4) mixing sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, bentonite and sodium benzoate according to the parts by weight, adding the mixture into sterile water, carrying out boiling water bath until all the components are completely dissolved into a viscous state, cooling to 28-35 ℃, adding fermentation liquor, and uniformly mixing to obtain the medicament for preventing and treating the stem base rot of the passion fruit.
4. The preparation method of the agent for controlling the stem base rot of passion fruit according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: the concentration of the fermentation liquor is adjusted to 1 × 10 by using sterile water8cfu/mL。
5. The preparation method of the agent for preventing and treating the stem basal rot of the passion fruit according to claim 3, characterized in that the PDA culture medium is prepared by the following steps:
peeling 200g of potato, cutting into pieces, adding into a pot, adding water, boiling for 20min, filtering with four layers of gauze, pouring the filtrate into the pot, continuously heating, sequentially adding 20g of glucose and 20g of agar powder, stirring, uniformly mixing, dissolving, supplementing water to 1000mL, cooling, subpackaging into triangular flasks, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ under 0.1MPa for 20min to obtain the potato health-care tea.
6. The preparation method of the agent for controlling the stem base rot of passion fruit according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: the expanding culture medium is PDA culture medium without agar powder.
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Application publication date: 20210903 |