CN113324451A - Blast hole blocking method under low-temperature condition - Google Patents
Blast hole blocking method under low-temperature condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN113324451A CN113324451A CN202110671243.8A CN202110671243A CN113324451A CN 113324451 A CN113324451 A CN 113324451A CN 202110671243 A CN202110671243 A CN 202110671243A CN 113324451 A CN113324451 A CN 113324451A
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- plugging
- blast hole
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/18—Plugs for boreholes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention provides a blast hole blocking method under the low-temperature condition, which is simple, low in cost, good in blocking effect, convenient to construct, economic, environment-friendly, safe and efficient. The blast hole blocking method under the low-temperature condition comprises the following steps of: step 1, arranging an air spacer at the bottom of a blast hole blocking section; step 2, filling rock slag or broken stone as a filling material of a blocking section into the blocking section of the blast hole; step 3, calculating the flow speed of water in the filler of the blocking section; step 4, determining the time required for the water to flow to the bottom of the plugging section through the plugging section filler; step 5, determining the initial irrigation temperature; and 6, adjusting the water temperature to the initial irrigation temperature, then injecting water into a plugging section filler positioned at the plugging section of the blast hole, and freezing the water under the heat absorption and refrigeration actions of the rock slag or broken stone plugging body and rock masses on the surrounding hole walls to form a freezing plugging structure together with the rock slag or broken stones.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering blasting, and particularly relates to a blast hole blocking method under a low-temperature condition in rock blasting construction in the fields of mines, water conservancy and hydropower, traffic and the like.
Background
The drilling blasting is used as an efficient, rapid and economic rock mass crushing method and is widely applied to the engineering construction fields of hydropower engineering, traffic engineering, mine engineering and the like. The drilling and blasting construction process comprises the following steps: firstly, drilling blast holes in a rock mass to be exploded, then carrying out blast hole charging and blast hole blocking construction, and finally networking and detonating. Blast hole blockage is an important link in blasting construction. The impact of blast hole plugging and unplugging on the peak value of the blast shock wave is not obvious, but the subsequent pressure reduction, particularly the pressure reduction of the explosive gas and the time for the explosive gas to act on the rock to rupture, are all related to whether the plugging occurs. The excellent blast hole blockage can prevent gas generated by explosion from escaping out of the blast hole too early, can effectively prolong the time of the blast hole on a rock mass, more fully utilizes the energy generated by the explosion, improves the breaking degree of the rock and is more beneficial to the formation of cracks; on the contrary, the blast hole is not good in blocking quality, so that the phenomenon of punching is easy to occur, and the blasting flyrock generated along with the blockage can have adverse effects on construction technicians and surrounding buildings. The well-known drilling blasting blockage needs special stemming or clay, however, in consideration of construction economy and convenience, in the actual construction process on site, the materials are locally obtained, namely, the materials such as rock debris, mud, broken stone, paper sheets and the like are used for blocking holes in the blasting site, meanwhile, for the sake of safety, field construction technicians basically select a method for increasing the blockage length to avoid the punching phenomenon, so that the acting time of the pressure of the blasting gas can be delayed to a certain extent, the range of the blast load acting on the rock mass is greatly shortened, large blocks are easily generated at the hole opening part, secondary crushing is often needed, the construction cost is increased, and the construction progress is delayed. Therefore, an effective way to improve the plugging quality of the blast holes is to improve the plugging effect of the plugging structure or the plugging body, rather than to increase the plugging length in a single step.
At present, a plurality of novel blast hole plugging methods capable of improving the plugging effect of a plugging structure or a plugging body appear, and can be basically classified into two categories, one is a mechanical member type blast hole plugging method, namely, the mechanical member is utilized to increase the resistance of movement of a plug in the blasting process, so that the blast hole plugging is realized, for example: a "member including an inwardly concave curved portion" disclosed in CN 103453808A, an "umbrella-shaped downward blast hole plugging device" disclosed in CN 102735125A, an "open pit mining blast hole plug" disclosed in CN 205980972U, a "pillar cone member" disclosed in CN 105526834a, and the like; the other is a 'material' blast hole blocking method, namely, the blast hole blocking is realized by using a blocking object made of a special material, such as: a flexible flame-retardant EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) blast hole plug disclosed by CN 205192358U, a mine water stemming bag disclosed by CN105066804A and the like. In field construction, the novel blast hole blocking methods are not widely popularized and applied, because the relations among economy, construction convenience and safety and reliability are difficult to coordinate no matter the mechanical component type blast hole blocking method or the material type blast hole blocking method is adopted, the existing blast hole blocking methods do not deeply consider the application conditions, and particularly for blast construction under low temperature conditions, the blast blocking methods cannot be even implemented. The blast hole blocking method capable of being constructed under the low-temperature condition hardly gives consideration to the construction idea of economy, convenience, high efficiency and safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for plugging a blast hole under a low temperature condition, which can obtain an effective plugging effect by a simple method, and has advantages of convenience in construction, economy, environmental protection, safety, and high efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
the invention provides a blast hole blocking method under a low-temperature condition, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, arranging an air spacer at the bottom of a blast hole blocking section;
step 2, filling rock slag or broken stone into the blast hole blocking section;
step 3, calculating the flow speed of water in the rock slag or broken stone gap:
in the formula: k is the seepage coefficient, Δ h is the falling head, l is the distance corresponding to head loss;
step 4, determining the time required for water to flow to the bottom of the blocking section through the rock slag or broken stone gaps:
in the formula: h is the length of the plugging section;
step 5, determining the initial irrigation temperature:
T(t)＝H+(T0-H)e-aΔl(formula 3)
In the formula: t (T) is the initial irrigation temperature, H is the temperature of the rock mass in the construction area, T0The temperature of water flowing to the bottom of the blocking section through the rock slag or broken stone gap is 0 ℃, alpha is a water cooling constant, and e is a natural constant;
and 6, adjusting the water temperature to the initial irrigation temperature, then injecting water into a plugging section filler positioned at the plugging section of the blast hole, and freezing the water under the heat absorption and refrigeration actions of the rock slag or broken stone plugging body and rock masses on the surrounding hole walls to form a freezing plugging structure together with the rock slag or broken stones.
Further, the blast hole blocking method under the low temperature condition provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in step 1, the air spacer is a buffer bladder or a spherical nylon bag.
Further, the blast hole blocking method under the low temperature condition provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in the step 2, the grain diameter of the filled rock slag or broken stone is 1-20 mm.
Further, the blast hole blocking method under the low temperature condition provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in step 6, the freezing blockage structure formed after the water and the rock slag are frozen is formed in the full range of the blockage length and the radial direction.
Action and Effect of the invention
The method for blocking the blast hole under the low-temperature condition has strong engineering applicability to the blast hole under the low-temperature condition, fully utilizes the characteristic that water freezes and expands in volume under the low-temperature condition, and can obviously increase the lateral pressure of the wall of the blast hole acting on a blocking structure; in addition, the freezing power that produces between block structure and the blasting pore wall for block structure has higher shear strength, can effectively prevent the too early blast hole of escaping of gas that the explosion produced, prolongs its time that acts on the rock mass, and can reduce the length of blocking segment, increases the action scope of explosive load, promotes the blasting effect, has the convenient, economic environmental protection of construction, safe efficient advantage.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a plugged structure of a blast hole formed under low temperature conditions in an embodiment of the present invention.
The components in the figures are numbered as follows:
10-blast holes, 11-buffer air bags, 12-rock slag or broken stones, and 13-water-bonded ice.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail a specific embodiment of the blast hole plugging method under low temperature conditions according to the present invention with reference to the drawings.
< example >
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, in a high-altitude severe cold area of a certain mine engineering, the construction environment temperature is low, the temperature is-5 ℃ to-40 ℃, and the blast hole 10 is to be blocked by using the blast hole blocking method of the present invention, and the blocking method specifically includes the following steps:
step 1, arranging a buffer air bag 11 at the bottom of the blast hole blocking section.
And 2, filling rock slag or broken stone 12 with the particle size of 1-20 mm into the plugged section of the blast hole as a plugging section filler.
And 3, calculating the flow speed of water in the gaps of the rock slag or the crushed stone 12:
in the formula: k is the seepage coefficient, Δ h is the falling head, l is the distance corresponding to head loss.
Step 4, determining the time required for water to flow to the bottom of the blocking section through the gaps of the rock slag or the crushed stones 12:
in the formula: h is the length of the plugging section.
Step 5, determining the initial irrigation temperature:
r(t)＝H+(T0-H)e-aΔt(formula 3)
In the formula: t (T) is the initial irrigation temperature, H is the temperature of the rock mass in the construction area, T0The temperature of the water flowing through the plug section packing to the bottom of the plug section is 0 ℃, alpha is the water cooling constant (which can be determined by experiments), and e is the natural constant.
In the embodiment, the temperature of the rock mass in the construction area is-20 ℃, and the initial irrigation temperature is 5 ℃ by calculation.
And 6, adjusting the water temperature to the initial irrigation temperature, then injecting water into gaps of the rock slag or the crushed stones 12, freezing 13 the water under the heat absorption and refrigeration effects of the rock slag or the crushed stone blocking body and rock bodies on the surrounding hole walls to obtain a freezing blocking structure formed by freezing the water and the rock slag in the full blocking length and radial range, and completing the blocking of the blasting hole.
The plugging method proposed by the present invention must take into account the problem of water temperature control for the following reasons:
(1) when the flowing speed of water in the rock slag blocking structure is low and the water temperature is low, the water flows from the blocking structure to the bottom, so that the water is frozen midway, the upper part of the blocking structure is a freezing blocking structure formed by freezing water and rock slag, and the lower part of the blocking structure cannot fully play the blocking effect because no water is the rock slag blocking structure, so that the blocking requirement of the invention cannot be met: the whole range of the blocking length is a freezing blocking structure formed after water and rock slag are frozen.
(2) When the water flows fast in the rock slag blocking structure and the water temperature is higher, the water can flow into the whole rock slag blocking structure, but the freezing speed is slow at the moment, the time required by freezing is longer, the water can easily leak into the rock mass from cracks around the hole wall, and even flows into the rock mass positioned at the lower part of the blocking section, and at the moment, the water needs to be continuously filled, so that the waste of water resources and heat energy resources is caused, more importantly, the water leaking into the rock mass can freeze the rock mass under the low-temperature environment, so that the rock mass is difficult to break, and the blasting effect is extremely poor.
The method of the invention is used for controlling the water temperature in the construction process, so that the water temperature is 0 ℃ to be just frozen when the water flows to the bottom of the blocking section through the rock slag or gravel gap, and the bad blasting effect caused by too early freezing and too late freezing of the water is avoided.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention. The method for plugging blast holes under low temperature conditions according to the present invention is not limited to the contents described in the above embodiments, but is subject to the scope defined by the claims. Any modification or supplement or equivalent replacement made by a person skilled in the art on the basis of this embodiment is within the scope of the invention as claimed in the claims.
Claims (4)
1. The blast hole blocking method under the low-temperature condition is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, arranging an air spacer at the bottom of a blast hole blocking section;
step 2, filling rock slag or broken stone as a filling material of a blocking section into the blocking section of the blast hole;
and 3, calculating the flow speed of water in the filler of the plugging section:
in the formula: k is the seepage coefficient, Δ h is the falling head, l is the distance corresponding to head loss;
step 4, determining the time required for the water to flow to the bottom of the plugging section through the plugging section filling material:
in the formula: h is the length of the plugging section;
step 5, determining the initial irrigation temperature:
T(t)＝H+(T0-H)e-αΔt(formula 3)
In the formula: t (T) is the initial irrigation temperature, H is the temperature of the rock mass in the construction area, T0The temperature of water flowing to the bottom of the plugging section through the plugging section filler is 0 ℃, alpha is a water cooling constant, and e is a natural constant;
and 6, adjusting the water temperature to the initial irrigation temperature, then injecting water into a plugging section filler positioned at the plugging section of the blast hole, and freezing the water under the heat absorption and refrigeration actions of the rock slag or broken stone plugging body and rock masses on the surrounding hole walls to form a freezing plugging structure together with the rock slag or broken stones.
2. The blast hole plugging method under low temperature conditions according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein, in step 1, the air spacer is a buffer air bag or a spherical nylon bag.
3. The blast hole plugging method under low temperature conditions according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein in the step 2, the grain diameter of the filled rock slag or broken stone is 1-20 mm.
4. The blast hole plugging method under low temperature conditions according to claim 1, wherein:
in step 6, the whole range of the plugging length is a freezing plugging structure formed by freezing water and rock slag.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107806798A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-03-16 | 中铁广州建设有限公司 | A kind of dry ice fracturing rock blast hole projectile filling obstruction method and blockage structure |
| CN108844424A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-20 | 武汉大学 | Blasthole blocking up method |
| RU2678245C1 (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2019-01-24 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тихоокеанский государственный университет" | Method for explosive destruction of frozen rock mass |
| CN212512752U (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2021-02-09 | 中钢集团武汉安全环保研究院有限公司 | Rapid-condensation demolition blasting hole plugging structure |
| CN212620397U (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2021-02-26 | 西南科技大学 | Efficient static blasting device |
-
2021
- 2021-06-17 CN CN202110671243.8A patent/CN113324451B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107806798A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-03-16 | 中铁广州建设有限公司 | A kind of dry ice fracturing rock blast hole projectile filling obstruction method and blockage structure |
| RU2678245C1 (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2019-01-24 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тихоокеанский государственный университет" | Method for explosive destruction of frozen rock mass |
| CN108844424A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-20 | 武汉大学 | Blasthole blocking up method |
| CN212512752U (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2021-02-09 | 中钢集团武汉安全环保研究院有限公司 | Rapid-condensation demolition blasting hole plugging structure |
| CN212620397U (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2021-02-26 | 西南科技大学 | Efficient static blasting device |
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