CN113323667A - Method for optimizing storage and backfilling of waste rocks and surface soil of strip mine in grassland area - Google Patents
Method for optimizing storage and backfilling of waste rocks and surface soil of strip mine in grassland area Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/32—Reclamation of surface-mined areas
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for optimizing storage and backfill of waste rocks and surface soil of strip mine in a grassland area, and relates to the technical field of mineral resource exploitation. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out surface soil stripping on a strip mine, and transporting stripped surface soil resources to a nearby surface soil storage field; then, blasting and stripping rock between ore layers, extracting large broken stone and small broken stone, and placing the large broken stone in an ore deposit of a waste ore pit; then, mining is carried out, after the mined coal mine is transported to a coal washing plant for coal washing, the remaining coal gangue and small broken stones are graded, and gaps among the large broken stones are filled; and finally, transporting the surface soil resources in the surface soil storage field to the adjacent abandoned mine pit for filling, and forming the complete reclamation grassland. The surface soil resources and rocks stripped in the invention can be treated as soon as possible, the reclamation rate, the land saving effect, the ecological bearing capacity index and the environmental bearing capacity index are all superior to the traditional technology of reclaiming after mining, and the invention has great significance for recovering the ecological environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mineral resource exploitation engineering and optimization, in particular to a method for storing, backfilling and optimizing waste rocks and surface soil of strip mine in a grassland area.
Background
Compared with well mining, the open pit mining has obvious advantages in the aspects of scale, safety, resource recovery rate and the like, and becomes the preferred mining method in the mining of mineral resources under the condition that the conditions allow. However, strip mining is often accompanied by severe surface disturbance, which may cause damage to the original ecological environment and topography, especially to the important supporting body of the ecological environment, i.e., surface soil. Strip mining projects mainly involve the stripping, transport and disposal of the stripped material of coal and rock, which damages a large amount of land each year. And as the surface mine is mined in the middle and later stages, the mining depth gradually changes from a shallow part to a deep part, surface soil resources are more and more scarce, and the problems of surface soil resource storage and backfilling which are scarce in the surface mine are needed to be solved.
At present, the method for storing the waste rocks and the surface soil of the strip mine in the grassland area is generally to transport the waste rocks to a dumping site or build a storage site while mining. The chinese patent publication CN105389447A discloses a method for determining the optimal position of a crushing station of an open pit mine based on a space block model, which divides an ore body into three-dimensional discrete blocks, griddes the open pit mine boundary where the crushing station may be located, each grid is the possible position of the crushing station, calculates the transportation work from all blocks to each grid according to the mass and position of each block, and selects the center point of the grid where the total transportation work is the minimum as the optimal position of the crushing station. Chinese patent publication No. CN101400873A discloses a method of waste disposal during mining of a mine, which method defines a road network having a plurality of nodes along which waste material is moved from a location in the mine to one of the waste dumps and stored at the waste dump determined according to a block model providing a combined extraction and backfill schedule, whereby material is removed from those blocks to define a backfill aggregate space. The Chinese patent with publication number CN111877367A discloses a closed pit open pit fluid state backfill circulation process system, which can fully utilize solid waste of an external soil discharge field and mine water gushing, and can simultaneously recover the occupied land of the external soil discharge field and a pit to a level capable of being reused after the external soil discharge field is backfilled, thereby effectively solving the technical problems that a truck needs to be transported downwards by a truck and a high-step operation of a soil discharging machine in the related technology, effectively utilizing the self gravity action of materials to realize self-flow in the pit, and reducing the backfill treatment cost.
The following three main technical problems in the prior art need to be solved: (1) after the surface mine enters the deep mining, the difficulty of transporting, storing and backfilling surface soil resources is gradually increased, the cost is increased, and the economic benefit is reduced. (2) The surface soil which is mined and stripped and is suitable for reclamation is not used for a long time, so that the soil fertility is reduced due to water and soil loss, organic matter reduction, soil settlement and hardening and the like, and the reclamation effect is not good after many years. (3) The broken stones and the surface soil in the mining area are not properly graded, so that the waste stones cannot be completely backfilled, and the reclaimed grasslands are likely to have surface subsidence due to large gaps among the broken stones.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention discloses a method for optimizing the storage and backfill of the waste rocks and the surface soil of the open-pit mine in the grassland area, which is suitable for the reclamation work of the open-pit mine in the grassland area, keeps the dynamic balance of the total land occupation of the grassland in China to a certain extent, has stronger sustainability, can promote the ecological cycle, recover the ecological balance and improve the utilization rate of land resources.
The invention aims to provide a method for optimizing storage and backfill of waste rocks and surface soil of strip mine in a grassland area, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and (4) carrying out surface soil stripping on the strip mine, and transporting the stripped surface soil resource to a nearby surface soil storage field.
Step two: blasting and stripping rock between ore layers, conveying the extracted large crushed stone and small crushed stone to the adjacent waste ore pits, and placing the large crushed stone in the ore bed adjacent to the waste ore pits.
Step three: and (3) mining the strip mine, carrying out grading on the remaining coal gangue and small broken stones after the mined coal mine is conveyed to a coal washing plant for coal washing, conveying the coal gangue to an adjacent abandoned pit, and filling gaps among the large broken stones.
Step four: the topsoil resources in the topsoil storage site are transported to be filled into adjacent abandoned mines, which have now formed complete reclaimed grasslands.
Preferably, one ore deposit is divided into n areas for mining according to the mining and grassland reclamation process, and the different areas of the ore deposit are stripped and mined and backfilled according to the length of the transport distance in a staggered mode.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1: and (4) carrying out topsoil stripping on the first zone, and transporting the stripped topsoil resource to a nearby topsoil storage field.
S2: and blasting and stripping the rock between the ore layers of the first zone, conveying the extracted large crushed stone and small crushed stone to the adjacent waste ore pits, and placing the large crushed stone in the ore deposit adjacent to the waste ore pits.
S3: and mining the first zone, carrying out grading on the remaining coal gangue and small broken stones after the mined coal mine is conveyed to a coal washing plant for coal washing, conveying the coal gangue and the small broken stones to an adjacent abandoned mine pit, and filling gaps among the large broken stones.
S4: the first band of topsoil resources in the topsoil storage site are transported to be filled into adjacent abandoned mines, which have now formed a complete reclamation grassland.
S5: and repeating S1-S3 to mine the second zone, conveying the stripped surface soil resource to a surface soil storage field, conveying the mined large crushed stone and small crushed stone to the first zone, placing the large crushed stone in the ore deposit adjacent to the abandoned mine pit, grading the coal gangue and the small crushed stone left after coal washing, and filling gaps among the large crushed stone.
S6: repeating S1-S3 to mine all the zones after the second zone in sequence, wherein the surface soil resources stripped from each zone are transported to the second zone before the corresponding zone, and the second zone before the corresponding zone also forms the complete reclamation grassland; and (3) conveying the mined large crushed stone and the small crushed stone to an adjacent belt zone before the corresponding belt zone, placing the large crushed stone in a deposit adjacent to the abandoned mine pit, grading the coal gangue and the small crushed stone left after coal washing, and filling gaps among the large crushed stone until mining of all the belt zones is finished.
S7: and (3) transporting the second zone topsoil resource in the topsoil storage field to the nth-1 zone for filling, wherein the nth-1 zone also forms the complete reclamation grassland, and the nth zone becomes free land.
Compared with the prior art, the method for optimizing the storage and backfill of the waste rocks and the surface soil of the open pit mine in the grassland area, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages that:
(1) the invention has the advantages of less external soil discharge amount, less land occupation of the waste rock yard and the surface soil storage yard, minimized surface soil and gravel transportation, discharge, reclamation, pollution control and other expenses converted into ore cost in the whole period of open-pit mining on the basis of safety and environmental protection by planning and selecting the surface soil storage yard, reduced production cost of the open-pit mine and increased economic benefit of the open-pit mine.
(2) The soil rich in humus for reclamation can be used for planting the grassland and grazing in the aging period, so that sufficient nutrients of the reclaimed grassland are ensured, and the survival rate of the reclaimed grassland is increased. Meanwhile, the stripped surface soil resources and rocks can be treated as soon as possible, the reclamation rate, the land saving effect, the ecological bearing capacity index and the environmental bearing capacity index are all superior to those of the traditional technology of reclaiming after mining, and the method has great significance for recovering the ecological environment.
(3) The backfill optimization scheme disclosed by the invention is orderly carried out in the whole mining process, the mined solid wastes such as large and small broken stones and coal gangue can be fully utilized, waste is changed into valuable, and the graded rock stratum land plays a key role in good recovery of the subsequently reclaimed grasslands.
Drawings
For a clearer explanation of the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for a person skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a first belt mining block diagram.
Figure 2 is a second belt mining block diagram.
Figure 3 is a third belt mining block diagram.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a fourth zone mining architecture.
Fig. 5 is a structure diagram of open pit backfill.
Fig. 6 is a flow chart of strip mining backfill.
The part names represented by the numbers or letters in the drawings are:
1-a first band; 2-a second band; 3-a third band; 4-a fourth band; 5-surface soil storage field; 6-adjacent to a abandoned pit; 7-coal washing plant; 8-deposit; 9-large crushed stone; 10-coal gangue; 11-small broken stones; 12-surface soil; 13-reclamation of grasslands.
Detailed Description
The following provides a brief description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1-6 show preferred embodiments of the invention, which are each parsed in detail from different perspectives.
As shown in fig. 1-6, in the method for optimizing the storage and backfill of the waste rocks and the surface soil of the strip mine in the grassland area, one ore deposit 8 is divided into four areas for mining according to the mining and grassland reclamation processes, the advancing direction of the working face during mining is from a first area 1 to a fourth area 4, the stripping and the mining of different areas of the ore deposit 8 are carried out, and the backfilling is carried out according to the length of the transport distance in a staggered mode.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 1, the first band 1 is stripped of topsoil 12 and the stripped resource of topsoil 12 is transported to a nearby topsoil storage site 5.
Step two: the rock between the ore layers of the first zone 1 is blasted and stripped, the produced large crushed stone 9 and small crushed stone 11 are transported to the adjacent abandoned mine pit 6, and the large crushed stone 9 is placed in the ore deposit 8 adjacent to the abandoned mine pit 6.
Step three: coal rock mining is carried out on the first zone 1, the extracted coal mine is transported to a coal washing plant 7, coal gangue 10 and small broken stones 11 which are left after coal washing are graded and transported to an adjacent abandoned mine pit 6, and gaps among large broken stones 9 are filled.
Step four: transporting the surface soil resources of the first zone 1 stored in the surface soil storage field 5 to the adjacent abandoned mine pits 6 for filling, wherein the adjacent abandoned mine pits 6 already form a complete reclamation grassland 13, and the first zone 1 becomes an idle zone after the mining is finished;
step five: as shown in fig. 2, steps 1-3 are repeated for the second zone 2 for overburden 12 stripping, rock blasting and coal mining. The stripped overburden 12 is transported to the overburden storage 5, the mined large crushed stones 9 and small crushed stones 11 are transported to the first zone 1, and the large crushed stones 9 are placed in the deposit 8 adjacent to the abandoned pit 6. Grading the coal gangue 10 and the small crushed stones 11 which are left after coal washing, and filling the coal gangue into gaps among the large crushed stones 9 in the first zone 1.
Step six: as shown in fig. 3, steps 1-3 are repeated for stripping the overburden 12, blasting the rock and mining the third zone 3. The stripped topsoil 12 is transported to the first zone 1 for filling, where the first zone 1 also forms a complete reclaimed field 13 and the second zone 2 becomes a vacant area after mining. And (3) conveying the large crushed stones 9 and the small crushed stones 11 mined from the third belt zone 3 to the second belt zone 2, placing the large crushed stones 9 in the ore deposit 8 adjacent to the abandoned mine pit 6, grading the coal gangue 10 and the small crushed stones 11 left after coal washing, and filling gaps among the large crushed stones 9 in the second belt zone 2.
Step seven: as shown in fig. 4, steps 1-3 are repeated for the fourth zone 4 for overburden 12 stripping, rock blasting and coal mining. The stripped resources of topsoil 12 are transported to the second zone 2 for filling, where the second zone 2 also forms the complete reclaimed grass field 13 and the third zone 3 becomes a vacant area after mining. And (3) conveying the large crushed stones 9 and the small crushed stones 11 mined from the fourth zone 4 to the third zone 3, placing the large crushed stones 9 in the ore deposit adjacent to the abandoned mine pit 6, grading the coal gangue 10 and the small crushed stones 11 left after coal washing, and filling the gaps among the large crushed stones 9 in the third zone 3.
Step eight: and (3) transporting the surface soil resources of the second belt area 2 stored in the surface soil storage field 5 to the third belt area 3 for filling, wherein the third belt area 3 also forms a complete reclamation grassland 13, the fourth belt area 4 becomes an idle area, and the surface soil storage field 5 is also in an idle state.
Specifically, the backfill optimization scheme of each region is as follows:
as shown in fig. 5, the crushed stones after blasting are classified, the large crushed stones 9 are firstly put into the bottom of the deposit 8, and the coal gangue 10 and the smaller crushed stones are graded to fill the gaps of the large crushed stones 9. Then transporting the surface soil 12 resource out of the temporary storage area or the next zone area, placing the surface soil at the uppermost part of the ore deposit 8, finally planting grass for reclamation and grazing, and recovering the ecological environment of the grassland.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (2)
1. A method for optimizing storage and backfill of waste rocks and surface soil of strip mine in a grassland area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: stripping surface soil (12) of the strip mine, and transporting the stripped surface soil (12) resource to a nearby surface soil storage field (5);
step two: blasting and stripping rock between ore layers, transporting the extracted large crushed stone (9) and small crushed stone (11) to the adjacent abandoned ore pit (6), and placing the large crushed stone (9) in the ore bed (8) adjacent to the abandoned ore pit (6);
step three: mining the strip mine, carrying out grading on the remaining coal gangue (10) and small broken stone (11) after the extracted coal mine is conveyed to a coal washing plant (7) for coal washing, conveying the coal gangue to an adjacent abandoned pit (6), and filling gaps among large broken stones (9);
step four: the topsoil (12) resources in the topsoil storage yard (5) are transported to the adjacent abandoned mine pit (6) for filling, at which time the adjacent abandoned mine pit (6) has formed a complete reclamation grassland (13).
2. The method for optimizing the storage and backfill of the waste rocks and the top soil of the strip mine in the grassland area according to the claim 1, characterized in that one ore deposit (8) is divided into n areas for mining according to the mining and grassland reclamation process, the stripping and the mining of different areas of the ore deposit (8) are carried out, and the backfilling is carried out according to the length of the transport distance in a staggered way;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1: stripping the surface soil (12) of the first belt area (1), and transporting the stripped surface soil (12) resources to a nearby surface soil storage field (5);
s2: blasting and stripping rocks between ore layers of the first belt zone (1), transporting the produced large crushed stones (9) and small crushed stones (11) to the adjacent abandoned ore pit (6), and placing the large crushed stones (9) in the ore deposit (8) adjacent to the abandoned ore pit (6);
s3: mining the first zone (1), carrying out coal washing on the mined coal mine to a coal washing plant (7), grading the remaining coal gangue (10) and small crushed stones (11), carrying out grading to an adjacent abandoned mine pit (6), and filling gaps among the large crushed stones (9);
s4: transporting the resources of topsoil (12) from the first zone (1) in the topsoil storage site (5) to the adjacent abandoned pit (6) for filling, at which time the adjacent abandoned pit (6) has formed a complete reclaimed grassland (13);
s5: S1-S3 are repeated to mine the second zone (2), the stripped surface soil (12) resources are transported to a surface soil storage yard (5), the produced large crushed stone (9) and small crushed stone (11) are transported to the first zone (1), the large crushed stone (9) is placed in an ore deposit (8) adjacent to a waste pit (6), coal gangue (10) and small crushed stone (11) left after coal washing are graded, and gaps among the large crushed stone (9) are filled;
s6: (iii) repeating S1-S3 to mine all the zones following the second zone (2) in sequence, the stripped resources of topsoil (12) from each zone being transported to the second zone preceding the respective zone, the second zone preceding the respective zone also forming a complete reclamation field (13); the mined large crushed stone (9) and the small crushed stone (11) are transported to an adjacent belt zone before the corresponding belt zone, the large crushed stone (9) is placed in a mineral deposit (8) adjacent to the abandoned mine pit (6), coal gangue (10) and the small crushed stone (11) left after coal washing are graded, and gaps among the large crushed stone (9) are filled until mining of all the belt zones is completed;
s7: and (3) transporting the resources of the topsoil (12) in the second zone (2) of the topsoil storage field (5) to the (n-1) th zone for filling, wherein the (n-1) th zone also forms a complete reclaimed grassland (13), and the nth zone becomes an idle land.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113875344A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-01-04 | 信息产业部电子综合勘察研究院 | Ecological restoration method for coal mine mountain geological environment |
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2021
- 2021-07-16 CN CN202110807604.7A patent/CN113323667A/en active Pending
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