CN114033381A - Ecological loss-reducing open pit coal mining process - Google Patents
Ecological loss-reducing open pit coal mining process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114033381A CN114033381A CN202111392585.2A CN202111392585A CN114033381A CN 114033381 A CN114033381 A CN 114033381A CN 202111392585 A CN202111392585 A CN 202111392585A CN 114033381 A CN114033381 A CN 114033381A
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C47/00—Machines for obtaining or the removal of materials in open-pit mines
- E21C47/02—Machines for obtaining or the removal of materials in open-pit mines for coal, brown coal, or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological loss-reducing open pit coal mining process, and relates to the technical field of open pit coal mining. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, determining related occurrence parameters of an overlying rock stratum of a coal seam; then, determining a storage place of the object to be stripped, and sequentially stripping a surface soil layer and a rock stratum and then respectively stacking; then, mining the coal seam, backfilling the mined original coal seam region with the externally-discharged waste rock, and stacking and compacting the internally-discharged stripping materials at the corresponding layer of the rear goaf according to the actual formation occurrence sequence; and finally, covering the surface soil layer stripping objects on the surface of the pit and the surface of the residual waste rock in the outward soil discharge field respectively, and carrying out nutrient test. The surface layer of the affected area of the surface mining is still the original surface soil layer, the surface waste rock soil is not required to be subjected to surface soil loafing, the engineering quantity and difficulty of ecological restoration after mining are reduced, and the ecological restoration investment is saved; meanwhile, the goaf after internal drainage is backfilled according to the original stratum occurrence sequence, and ecological restoration is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of opencast coal mining, in particular to an ecological loss-reducing opencast coal mining process.
Background
The main disadvantage of open pit coal mining in comparison to well mining is the need to strip the cover from above the coal seam, a portion or all of which needs to be discharged outside the open pit mining world, which takes up a significant amount of land and requires a corresponding freight. Meanwhile, a large amount of capital needs to be invested for repairing the covering which is piled out of order in the later stage so as to reduce the negative influence on the ecological environment of the mining area.
In order to solve the problems, the invention of Chinese patent with publication number CN103470262A discloses a mining method for reverse-stacking and internal-discharging of near-horizontal deposit of open-pit coal field, which comprises (1) dividing the open-pit mine into a plurality of mining areas, mining the stripping material of the first strip area, and stacking the stripping material outside the open-pit mining environment; (2) the stripping bench can be divided into one bench mining or can be divided into a plurality of bench mining; (3) and after the mining of the ore deposit uncovered by the first strip area is finished, the stripping materials of the second strip area are discharged into the goaf of the first strip area, and the mined ore is conveyed out of the stope through an in-out ditch conveying channel arranged on two sides of the channel or in the middle of the strip area. Although most of the stripped objects are discharged in the goaf, the occupied area of the external waste disposal site is saved, and a large amount of capital is required to be invested in the internal and external waste disposal areas for difficult ecological restoration.
The invention discloses a Chinese patent publication No. CN111448867A, which discloses a method for reclaiming waste rock in land based on a quarry of an opencast coal mine, and the method comprises the steps of carrying out staggered excavation and classified stripping of different types of rocks (waste rocks) on a quarry of the quarry on the basis of evaluating and calculating lithologic differences and spatial distribution of different sedimentary rocks on the quarry, carrying out classified transportation and stacking of the waste rocks at different positions of the quarry, carrying out layered compaction, stacking weathered coal, carbonaceous shale, mudstone and the like existing in the opencast coal mine on the surface layer, replacing soil for land reclamation, mixing with kitchen garbage of workers, fermenting, enriching and organizing, and completing the technical method for the waste rock argillization. The method can realize the treatment of the soil of the waste rock, the resource of the waste rock and the harmlessness of the worker domestic garbage to a certain extent, but needs to invest a great deal of restoration funds.
In conclusion, the existing method for performing soil chemical remediation on the surface mining area and the externally discharged pressure occupation area is too high in cost and difficulty, has a great influence on the surface ecological environment, and is not beneficial to ecological restoration.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention discloses an ecological damage-reduction type opencast coal mining process, which is characterized in that in the aspect of opencast mining process, strippers are arranged or backfilled according to the original formation occurrence sequence, so that the uppermost layer is the original surface soil layer, the influence on the ecological environment and the later-stage restoration difficulty can be reduced to the greatest extent, and the later-stage ecological restoration cost is reduced.
The invention aims to provide an ecological loss-reducing open pit coal mining process, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and determining related occurrence parameters of the overlying strata of the coal bed including lithology and thickness according to the geological exploration data.
Step two: and determining the storage place of the surface soil layer and the rock stratum of the object to be stripped.
Step three: sequentially stripping a surface soil layer and a rock stratum and then respectively stacking the stripped surface soil layer and the rock stratum in a specified storage place; and (3) independently stacking the earth surface soil layer stripping objects, and stacking and compacting the waste rocks stripped from the rock stratum from bottom to top in turn according to the stripping sequence.
Step four: and mining the coal bed, and backfilling the discharged waste rock in the area of the mined coal bed.
Step five: and continuously stripping the surface soil layer and the rock stratum along with the coal seam mining direction, and stacking and compacting the stripped objects at the corresponding layer of the rear goaf according to the actual formation occurrence sequence.
Step six: and repeating the fourth step and the fifth step until the mining is finished.
Step seven: and covering the separately stacked surface soil layer stripping materials on the surface of the pit and the surface layer of the residual waste rock in the outward soil discharge field respectively, and compacting the surface soil layer stripping materials properly.
Step eight: sampling and nutrient testing are carried out on the surface layer of the external waste rock and the ground surface of the pit, proper restoration is carried out according to the test result, and suitable plants are screened for planting.
Compared with the prior art, the ecological loss-reducing open pit coal mining process disclosed by the invention has the advantages that:
the surface layer of the affected area of the surface mining is still the original surface soil layer, the surface waste rock soil is not required to be subjected to surface soil loafing, the engineering quantity and difficulty of ecological restoration after mining are reduced, and the ecological restoration investment is saved. Meanwhile, the goaf after internal drainage is backfilled according to the original stratum occurrence sequence, and ecological restoration is facilitated.
Drawings
For a clearer explanation of the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for a person skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the distribution of an unexplored formation.
Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of a surface mining during production.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a mining process for realizing inner discharge of surface mining.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of pit and external soil discharge site remediation.
The numbers or letters in the figures represent the names:
1-a surface soil layer; 1-1-inner row surface soil layer stripping section; 1-2-backfilling sections of the soil layers of the inner row ground; 2. 3-a rock formation; 2-1, 3-1-inner drainage rock stratum stripping sections; 2-2, 3-2-inner drainage rock stratum backfill sections; 4-coal bed; 4-1-mining the coal seam block; 5-waste rock; 6-surface soil layer stripping.
Detailed Description
The following provides a brief description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1-4 illustrate a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is parsed in detail.
An ecological damage-reducing open pit coal mining process as shown in fig. 1-4, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: according to geological exploration data, relevant occurrence parameters of overlying strata 2, 3 of the coal seam 4 including lithology and thickness are determined.
Step two: and determining the storage place of the surface soil layer 1 and the rock stratums 2 and 3 of the object to be stripped, namely the external soil discharge field.
Step three: as shown in fig. 2, the surface soil layer 1 and the rock layers 2 and 3 are sequentially stripped and then respectively piled up at a designated storage place; the surface soil layer stripping materials 6 are stacked independently, and the waste rocks 5 stripped from the rock stratums 2 and 3 are stacked and compacted from bottom to top in sequence according to the stripping sequence.
Step four: as shown in fig. 3, the mining section 4-1 of the coal seam is mined, and the area of the mined coal seam 4 is backfilled with the discharged waste rock 5.
Step five: and continuously stripping the surface soil layer 1 and the rock stratums 2 and 3 along the mining direction of the coal seam 4, wherein the stripping sequence is from top to bottom, so that an inner-drainage surface soil layer stripping section 1-1 and inner-drainage rock stratum stripping sections 2-1 and 3-1 are formed, and stripped objects are sequentially stacked and compacted at the corresponding positions of a rear goaf according to the actual stratum occurrence sequence, so that an inner-drainage surface soil layer backfilling section 1-2 and inner-drainage rock stratum backfilling sections 2-2 and 3-2 are formed.
Step six: and repeating the fourth step and the fifth step until the mining is finished.
Step seven: as shown in fig. 4, the separately piled surface soil layer stripping materials 6 are respectively covered on the surface of the pit and the surface layer of the waste rock 5 left in the external soil discharge field, and are compacted properly, so as to be beneficial to the restoration of the surface ecology.
Step eight: sampling and nutrient testing are carried out on the surface layer of the external waste rock 5 and the ground surface of the pit, proper restoration is carried out according to the test result, and suitable plants are screened for planting.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (1)
1. An ecological loss-reducing open pit coal mining process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining relevant occurrence parameters of overlying strata (2, 3) of the coal seam (4) including lithology and thickness according to geological exploration data;
step two: determining the storage place of the surface soil layer (1) and the rock layers (2, 3) of the object to be stripped;
step three: sequentially stripping a surface soil layer (1) and rock stratums (2 and 3) and then respectively stacking the stripped surface soil layer and rock stratums in a designated storage place; the surface soil layer stripping materials (6) are stacked independently, and the waste rocks (5) stripped from the rock layers (2 and 3) are stacked from bottom to top in sequence according to the stripping sequence and are compacted;
step four: mining the coal seam (4), and backfilling the area of the mined coal seam (4) with discharged waste rocks (5);
step five: continuously stripping the surface soil layer (1) and rock stratums (2 and 3) along the mining direction of the coal seam (4), and stacking and compacting stripped objects at the corresponding layer position of the rear goaf according to the actual formation occurrence sequence;
step six: repeating the fourth step and the fifth step until the mining is finished;
step seven: covering the separately stacked surface soil layer stripping objects (6) on the surface of the pit and the surface of the residual waste rock (5) of the externally-discharged soil field respectively, and compacting properly;
step eight: sampling and nutrient testing are carried out on the surface layer of the external waste rock (5) and the ground surface of the pit, proper restoration is carried out according to the test result, and suitable plants are screened for planting.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110919209 | 2021-08-11 | ||
| CN2021109192098 | 2021-08-11 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114033381A true CN114033381A (en) | 2022-02-11 |
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| CN202111392585.2A Pending CN114033381A (en) | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-23 | Ecological loss-reducing open pit coal mining process |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103470262A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2013-12-25 | 中国矿业大学 | Mining method of nearly horizontal mineral deposit of opencast coal field by casting and internally dumping |
| CN108049871A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-18 | 中国矿业大学 | It is a kind of to contribute to the open pit mine discharge method that internal dumping is reclaimed |
| CN109854248A (en) * | 2019-03-03 | 2019-06-07 | 煤炭科学研究总院 | A kind of opencut water conservation reclamation method |
| CN110735639A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-01-31 | 中冶沈勘秦皇岛工程设计研究总院有限公司 | Open pit backfilling method after mining by open pit to underground caving method |
| CN111448867A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-07-28 | 中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心 | Method for land reclamation of waste rock soil based on open pit coal mine rock dumping field |
| US20200300090A1 (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2020-09-24 | China University Of Mining And Technology | Method for controlling subsidence area caused by underground mining in adjoining open-pit mine |
-
2021
- 2021-11-23 CN CN202111392585.2A patent/CN114033381A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103470262A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2013-12-25 | 中国矿业大学 | Mining method of nearly horizontal mineral deposit of opencast coal field by casting and internally dumping |
| US20200300090A1 (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2020-09-24 | China University Of Mining And Technology | Method for controlling subsidence area caused by underground mining in adjoining open-pit mine |
| CN108049871A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-18 | 中国矿业大学 | It is a kind of to contribute to the open pit mine discharge method that internal dumping is reclaimed |
| CN109854248A (en) * | 2019-03-03 | 2019-06-07 | 煤炭科学研究总院 | A kind of opencut water conservation reclamation method |
| CN110735639A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-01-31 | 中冶沈勘秦皇岛工程设计研究总院有限公司 | Open pit backfilling method after mining by open pit to underground caving method |
| CN111448867A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-07-28 | 中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心 | Method for land reclamation of waste rock soil based on open pit coal mine rock dumping field |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 李雪健;李江;张利忠;张润廷;: "酷寒草原区露天煤矿剥离物及水资源综合利用", 神华科技, no. 01, pages 35 - 39 * |
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