CN113321394A - Heat-taking type supercritical water treatment oil-containing sludge reactor and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Heat-taking type supercritical water treatment oil-containing sludge reactor and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113321394A CN113321394A CN202110733445.0A CN202110733445A CN113321394A CN 113321394 A CN113321394 A CN 113321394A CN 202110733445 A CN202110733445 A CN 202110733445A CN 113321394 A CN113321394 A CN 113321394A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/06—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by oxidation
- C02F11/08—Wet air oxidation
- C02F11/086—Wet air oxidation in the supercritical state
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat-taking type supercritical water treatment oil-containing sludge reactor and an operation method thereof, wherein the reactor comprises a reaction cavity, a sludge distribution pipe, a heat-taking coil pipe and an oxidant distribution pipe, which are coaxially arranged with the reaction cavity from top to bottom in the reaction cavity, and a sludge inlet, an oxidant inlet, a gas outlet, a slurry outlet, a heat-taking coil pipe inlet and a heat-taking coil pipe outlet which are arranged on the reaction cavity and are communicated with the inside and the outside of the reactor, wherein the sludge inlet extends into the reaction cavity to be connected with the sludge distribution pipe, the wall of the sludge distribution pipe is provided with a sludge distribution hole, the oxidant inlet extends into the reaction cavity to be connected with the oxidant distribution pipe, the wall of the oxidant distribution pipe is provided with the oxidant distribution hole, and the heat-taking coil pipe inlet and the heat-taking coil pipe outlet extend into the reaction cavity to be respectively connected with two ends of the heat-taking coil pipe. The invention overcomes the technical problems of easy coking, difficult continuous operation, over-quick temperature rise of the reactor caused by a great deal of heat released by the reaction, and the like in the oxidation reaction of the oily sludge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a heat-taking type supercritical water treatment oil-containing sludge reactor and an operation method thereof.
Background
The sewage treatment systems of oil fields and oil refineries and the crude oil production, storage and transportation systems can generate a large amount of oily sludge, and the treatment of the oily sludge is more and more concerned with the strictness of environmental regulations and the continuous improvement of environmental protection awareness of the whole society. The traditional treatment method of the oily sludge comprises landfill, composting, incineration and the like, but the landfill of the sludge needs to occupy a large amount of fields and cost a large amount of transportation cost, and pollutes the environment and underground water; the composting method has longer treatment time and has stricter requirements on the water content of the sludge, and in addition, the oily sludge can also contain toxic and harmful substances such as heavy metals and the like; the incineration method also has strict requirements on the water content in the sludge and generates SO in the incineration process2、NOXAnd other secondary contaminants. The traditional sludge treatment mode can generate secondary pollution, and has higher cost and low harmless rate.
Aiming at the defects of the traditional treatment mode of the oily sludge, a plurality of emerging oily sludge treatment methods mainly including oil preparation, melting, ceramic preparation, activated carbon preparation, supercritical water treatment and the like appear. The supercritical water oxidation technology utilizes a plurality of advantages of the supercritical water, takes the supercritical water as a medium for carrying out oxidation reaction between organic matters in the oily sludge and oxygen, carries out quick and efficient removal of organic pollutants, and has the advantages of high reaction speed, high reaction efficiency, full realization of self-heating through exothermic reaction, realization of reduction, harmlessness and recycling of the sludge and the like. At present, the supercritical water oxidation technology is widely applied to the fields of military industry, chemical industry, aerospace, ships, environmental protection and the like in the world, is used for treating high-concentration refractory organic matters generated in various fields, converts the organic matters into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water and the like, and has a good development prospect.
At present, the problems of coking, salt deposition, over-quick temperature rise of exothermic reaction and the like restrict the low-cost and reliable industrial implementation of the supercritical water oxidation technology to a certain extent. Because the oxidation reaction of the oily sludge in supercritical water is an exothermic reaction, and the reaction speed is high, the equipment safety is seriously threatened due to the high temperature rise, and in addition, the normal operation of the reactor is influenced due to the coking and blockage generated in the reactor caused by the high temperature.
Chinese patent CN 212293437U discloses an oil-containing solid oil washing system, which adopts supercritical water to soak, dissolve and extract oil in oil-containing sludge to form an oil supercritical water solution, and then carries out oil-water separation after cooling, can recover oil to the maximum extent, and has no secondary pollution, but can not operate continuously, the system needs frequent pressure and temperature rise, and the efficiency of treating oil-containing sludge is low. Chinese patent CN 109851187B discloses a sludge supercritical water oxidation system and a sludge treatment method using heat transfer oil as a heat exchange medium, wherein heat released by supercritical water oxidation reaction is transferred to a normal pressure and non-corrosive heat source by using heat transfer oil as a heat exchange medium through a heat transfer oil heat exchanger, but the structural form of the reactor needs to be further developed definitely to realize the oxidation treatment of sludge in supercritical water environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of low efficiency of treating the oily sludge, difficult realization of continuous operation, easy coking and difficult control of a large amount of heat released in the reaction process in the prior art, the invention provides the heat-taking type supercritical water reactor for treating the oily sludge and the operation method thereof, which overcome the technical problems of easy coking, difficult continuous operation, excessive temperature rise of the reactor caused by a large amount of heat released in the reaction and the like in the oxidation reaction of the oily sludge and realize long-period continuous harmless treatment of the oily sludge in the supercritical water environment.
The invention provides a heat-taking type supercritical water treatment oily sludge reactor, which comprises a vertical cylindrical reaction cavity, a sludge distribution pipe, a heat-taking coil pipe and an oxidant distribution pipe, wherein the sludge distribution pipe is positioned in the reaction cavity and is coaxial with the reaction cavity from top to bottom, the sludge inlet, the oxidant inlet, the gas outlet, the slag slurry outlet, the heat-taking coil pipe inlet and the heat-taking coil pipe outlet are arranged on the reaction cavity and are communicated with the inside and the outside of the reactor, the sludge inlet is positioned at the middle upper part of the reaction cavity, the oxidant inlet is positioned at the middle lower part of the reaction cavity, the gas outlet is positioned at the top of the reaction cavity, the slag slurry outlet is positioned at the bottom of the reaction cavity, the sludge inlet extends into the reaction cavity and is connected with the sludge distribution pipe, the sludge distribution hole is formed in the wall of the sludge distribution pipe, the oxidant inlet extends into the reaction cavity and is connected with the oxidant distribution pipe, and the oxidant distribution hole is formed in the wall of the oxidant distribution pipe, the inlet of the heat taking coil and the outlet of the heat taking coil extend into the reaction cavity and are respectively connected with the two ends of the heat taking coil.
The sludge distribution pipe is arranged at the middle upper part of the reaction cavity and is a circular pipe or a planar spiral coil pipe, and the lower part of the pipe wall of the sludge distribution pipe is provided with a sludge distribution hole and faces the bottom of the reaction cavity.
When the sludge distribution pipe is a circular pipe, the section of the sludge distribution pipe can be circular or arc-shaped, the diameter of the section is 100-700 mm, and the sludge distribution pipe surrounds the inner wall of the reaction cavity by a circle; when the interface of the sludge distribution pipe is arc-shaped, the arc opening faces upwards, and the arc-shaped reaction cavity has the advantages that the gas phase mixed in the sludge directly leaves the reaction cavity from the gas outlet at the top of the reaction cavity, and in addition, when the sludge treatment capacity is increased, the gas phase can overflow from the opening of the arc and directly enters the space below the sludge distribution pipe.
In the case that the sludge distribution pipe is a circular pipe, two or more sludge inlets can be arranged and uniformly arranged according to the sludge fluidity, the treatment capacity and the diameter of the reaction cavity; in order to enhance the uniform distribution of the sludge, the sludge inlet is preferably connected with the sludge distribution pipe in an inclined downward tangential direction, and the inclination angle is preferably 5-45 degrees. As a further improvement, in order to promote the uniform dispersion of the sludge in the sludge distribution pipe, when two or more sludge inlets are provided, the sludge distribution pipe may be provided with the same number of sludge baffles as the number of sludge inlets for dividing the sludge distribution pipe into the same number of divided regions as the number of sludge baffles. One end of the sludge baffle is connected with one side of the inner wall of the sludge distribution pipe, a gap is reserved between the other end of the sludge baffle and the other side of the inner wall of the sludge distribution pipe, the width of the gap is generally 5-30 mm, sludge entering each sludge inlet is preferentially dispersed in a corresponding separation region, after large sludge is gathered, the sludge passes through the gap between the sludge baffle and the inner wall of the sludge distribution pipe, the sludge is dispersed in adjacent separation regions, and uniform dispersion of the sludge in a reaction cavity is guaranteed to the maximum extent.
When the sludge distribution pipe is a planar spiral coil pipe, the diameter of the sludge distribution pipe is 30-400 mm, and preferably 40-350 mm; the coil pipe clearance is 1 ~ 5 times of distribution pipe diameter, preferably 1.5 ~ 3 times of distribution pipe diameter. As further improvement, for making the radial distribution more even in the mud gets into the reaction cavity, the mud distributing pipe can set up two, and two mud distributing pipes arrange from top to bottom, the certain difference in height in interval, and the distributing pipe of lower floor is corresponding to the clearance of upper distributing pipe, and the certain angle in trompil interval on two mud distributing pipes. Correspondingly, two sludge inlets can be arranged, are also arranged up and down, have certain height difference and are respectively connected with the corresponding sludge distribution pipes.
The sludge entering the reaction cavity from the outside is uniformly dispersed on the circular section of the reaction cavity through the sludge distribution pipe and the sludge distribution holes. The sludge distribution hole faces the bottom of the reaction cavity, namely the direction of the oxidant inlet, so that the oxidant and the sludge form countercurrent contact and reaction. The sludge distribution holes can be slit or round holes, or the combination of the slit and the round holes, or long round holes. The diameter of the round hole is 5-80 mm, and the width of the strip seam is 5-50 mm. The number of the sludge distribution holes in each circle is preferably 4-20. As a further improvement, in order to reduce the concentrated reaction which may be generated by the sludge, the sludge distribution holes can be distributed and arranged: when the sludge distribution holes are the strip seams, the strip seams are arranged in a staggered mode at intervals along the circumferential direction of the sludge distribution pipe in the length direction; when the sludge distribution holes are round holes, the round holes are arranged in a staggered mode at intervals along the circumferential direction of the sludge distribution pipe.
The oxidant distribution pipe is positioned at the middle lower part of the reaction cavity and is a circular pipe or a plane spiral coil pipe.
When the oxidant distribution pipe is a circular pipe, the oxidant distribution pipe surrounds the inner wall of the reaction cavity for a circle, and the oxidant distribution hole is arranged on the upper part of the pipe wall and faces the top of the reaction cavity.
When the oxidant distributing pipe is a planar spiral coil pipe, the diameter of the distributing pipe is 20-350 mm, preferably 50-250 mm; the coil pipe clearance is 1 ~ 5 times distribution pipe diameter, preferably 1.5 ~ 4 times distribution pipe diameter, and oxidant distribution hole is located oxidant distribution pipe wall upper portion and is towards the reaction cavity top.
The oxidant entering the reaction cavity from the outside is uniformly dispersed on the circular section of the reaction cavity through the oxidant distribution pipe and the oxidant distribution holes. The oxidant distribution hole faces the top of the reaction cavity, namely faces the sludge inlet, so that the oxidant and the sludge form countercurrent contact and reaction. The oxidant distribution holes can be slit or round holes, or the combination of the slit and the round holes, or oblong holes. The diameter of the round hole is 3-50 mm, and the width of the strip seam is 3-20 mm. The number of the oxidant distribution holes in each circle is preferably 4-20.
As a further proposal, in order to promote the oxidant to be distributed more evenly in the axial direction of the reaction cavity, the oxidant distributing pipe is provided with a circular oxidant distributing hole, and the oxidant distributing hole is connected with an oxidant dispersing pipe which is parallel to the axial direction of the reaction cavity. The oxidant dispersing pipe is a circular straight pipe, the top end of the oxidant dispersing pipe is closed, and oxidant dispersing holes are formed in the pipe wall of the oxidant dispersing pipe, so that the oxidant can be uniformly dispersed in the axial direction of the reaction cavity. The oxidant dispersing holes are preferably circular holes, and the diameter is preferably 5-40 mm.
The heat taking coil is arranged between the sludge distribution pipe and the oxidant distribution pipe and spirally surrounds along the axial direction of the reaction cavity, a heat taking medium enters the heat taking coil from the inlet of the heat taking coil, the heat emitted by the oxidation reaction of the sludge outside the heat taking coil is absorbed through the wall of the heat taking coil, the temperature in the reactor is reduced, the coking tendency in the reactor is reduced, and the reactor is prevented from running at an excessive temperature.
As an improvement, in order to enlarge the heat taking area of the heat taking coil and more quickly and efficiently transfer the heat released in the reactor to the wall of the heat taking coil, fins can be arranged on the outer side of the heat taking coil, and the length of each fin is preferably 0.5-2 times of the diameter of the coil.
As an improvement, a central pipe is coaxially arranged in the reaction cavity and the reaction cavity, the central pipe penetrates through the centers of the sludge distribution pipe and the heat taking coil pipe, the bottom end of the central pipe is positioned above the oxidant distribution pipe, the bottom of the central pipe is closed, the upper end of the central pipe is connected with a central pipe inlet arranged at the top of the reaction cavity, and a water spraying hole is formed in the pipe wall of the central pipe. If coking and salt deposition occur on the heat-taking coil, the heat transfer effect is reduced, and heat in the reaction cavity cannot be efficiently transferred to the wall of the heat-taking coil to heat a heat-taking medium in the heat-taking coil, so that the reactor is possibly over-temperature. When the thermometer detects that the temperature in the reaction cavity exceeds a set value, cooling water is continuously or discontinuously sprayed onto the heat taking coil through the water spray holes in the central pipe, coking and salt on the surface of the heat taking coil can be removed, online cleaning of the heat taking coil is achieved, heat exchange efficiency is improved, and a cooling effect can be directly played to protect a reactor. The water spraying holes on the pipe wall of the central pipe can be round holes or strip seams, the diameter of the round holes is 5-30 mm, and the width of the strip seams is 2-10 mm; from the angle of convenient processing, the hole for water spraying preferably is the round hole, and the hole for water spraying clearance preferably is 1 ~ 5 times hole for water spraying diameter.
As a further improvement, in order to increase the spray angle of cooling water and better remove coking and salt deposition on the pipe wall of the heat-taking coil, a cooling water nozzle can be welded on a water spray hole on the pipe wall of the central pipe, the spray angle can be enlarged by adopting the cooling water nozzle, the spray direction is set according to the relative positions of the heat-taking coil, the fins and the central pipe at the cooling water nozzle, coking and salt on the surface of the heat-taking coil can be better removed, and furthermore, one cooling water nozzle can be simultaneously provided with a plurality of outlets and a plurality of spray directions; and secondly, the cooling water nozzle can be set as a reducing nozzle, so that the flow rate of water is increased, the impact force of the water is increased, and the removal effect is improved.
The central tube is a cylinder and is preferably arranged coaxially with the inlet of the central tube, and the ratio of the diameter of the central tube to the diameter of the reaction cavity is preferably 0.1-0.8. The center tube can play the supporting role for support mud distributing pipe, get heat coil pipe and oxidant distributing pipe, prevent because the vibration that transported substance caused piping, equipment.
As a further improvement, in order to control the reaction speed, the sludge does not react violently or insufficiently in the supercritical water environment due to too large or too small local oxygen concentration, the diameter of the holes of the oxidant dispersing holes on the oxidant dispersing pipe is preferably large at two ends and small in the middle, and the ratio of the hole opening rate from top to bottom is (1.8-2.2): (0.8-1.2): (1.3-1.7), preferably in a ratio of 2: 1: 1.5. the advantages are that the oxygen concentration at the upper end is slightly high, the sludge and the oxidant react quickly, the heat extraction is facilitated after the temperature rises, a certain amount of oxygen is maintained in the middle of the reaction cavity, the reaction between the sludge and the oxidant is maintained at a reasonable speed, the temperature rise in the reaction cavity is not too high, and the heat extraction is more continuous and uniform; the lower end keeps a certain concentration of oxidant, so that the lower end still keeps a certain oxidation reaction rate, and the removal effect is ensured. During the scheme, the diameter of the water spraying holes on the pipe wall of the central pipe is gradually increased from top to bottom, and the ratio of the aperture ratio from top to bottom is (0.5-1.2): (1.3-2.0): (2.5-3.5), preferably in a ratio of 1: 1.5: 3, at the bottom of the reaction cavity with the largest temperature rise, more water is sprayed from the water spray holes, so that the coking and salt deposition on the surface of the heat taking coil can be quickly removed, and the cooling effect can be better achieved.
As an improvement, a washing water distribution pipe is arranged at the bottom of the reaction cavity and below the oxidant distribution pipe, the washing water distribution pipe is a circular pipe, the lower part of the pipe wall of the circular pipe is provided with a washing hole and faces the bottom of the reaction cavity, and the washing water distribution pipe is connected with a washing water inlet arranged on the reaction cavity. The flushing holes can be round holes or slits or other shapes, so that flushing water can be uniformly sprayed towards the bottom of the cavity and the lower end enclosure in a spraying shape, inorganic salt deposited at the bottom of the inner cavity is dissolved and flushed, and then the inorganic salt leaves the reactor from the slag slurry outlet. The diameter of the circular hole is preferably 5-30 mm, the width of the slit is preferably 5-20 mm, and the length of the slit is preferably 10-50 mm. As a further improvement, in order to enhance the spraying and dispersing effects of the washing water, a washing nozzle can be arranged on the circular washing hole, and the washing nozzle can be of a reducing type, namely the area of the inlet side is larger than that of the outlet side, and the ratio of the diameter of the inlet to the diameter of the outlet is larger than 1.2; as a further improvement, in order to increase the washing effect of washing water and expand the washing area, the spraying direction of the washing nozzle can be in the anticlockwise direction or the clockwise direction, so that the sprayed washing water is in rotary motion on the bottom head under the action of inertia and gravity, the washing area is expanded, liquid drops are in rotary motion on the surface of the bottom head, and the washing effect is better due to the rotational flow reinforcement.
The oxidant may be oxygen, liquid oxygen, air, hydrogen peroxide, or the like.
As a further improvement, a thermometer can be arranged on the reaction cavity and used for monitoring the reaction temperature in the reaction cavity and the temperature of the metal wall of the reaction cavity so as to effectively control the reaction in time, and the thermometer can be in the forms of expansion, thermal resistance, thermocouple and the like.
As another alternative for preventing the metal of the reaction cavity from being over-heated or reducing the design temperature of the reaction cavity, a jacket layer can be arranged on the outer side of the reaction cavity, the jacket layer is a hollow cavity and covers the whole reaction cavity, a jacket water inlet and a jacket water outlet are formed in the jacket layer, cooling media such as water are introduced into the jacket layer, the metal wall temperature of the reaction cavity is reduced to reduce the material selection grade and the wall thickness of the reaction cavity, and the economical efficiency of the system is improved. Because the strength of the metal material is often lower at high temperature, the pressure bearing by using the metal material with larger wall thickness is avoided even if the reaction is carried out at high temperature and high pressure.
The invention also provides an operation method of the heat-extraction supercritical water reactor for treating oily sludge, which comprises the following steps:
1) introducing supercritical water into the reaction cavity through the sludge inlet, the oxidant inlet or the central pipe inlet, and cutting off the supply of the supercritical water after the supercritical state is achieved in the reaction cavity;
2) sludge to be treated is introduced into the reaction cavity through a sludge inlet, and the sludge is conveyed from top to bottom under the action of gravity after entering the reaction cavity through a sludge distribution pipe;
3) step 2) is carried out, meanwhile, an oxidant is introduced into the reaction cavity through an oxidant inlet, the oxidant inlet provides an oxidant for the dispersion of the oxidation reaction through an oxidant distribution pipe and an oxidant dispersion pipe in the reaction cavity, the sludge is subjected to the oxidation reaction in a supercritical water environment, organic matters in the sludge are completely oxidized into nontoxic micromolecule compounds such as carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen, salts and the like, and the harmless treatment is carried out;
4) along with the reaction, after the temperature in the reaction cavity is measured to be higher than 400 ℃ by a thermometer, a heat taking medium is introduced into the heat taking coil through the inlet of the heat taking coil, and the heat taking medium is heated by the heat released by the reaction and then leaves from the outlet of the heat taking coil;
5) reaction gas-phase products and other gas phases leave the reaction cavity from a gas outlet at the top of the reaction cavity, reaction liquid-phase residues and solid-phase residues are conveyed from top to bottom in the reaction cavity under the action of inertia, and the reaction liquid-phase residues leave the reaction cavity from a residue slurry outlet at the bottom of the reaction cavity;
6) after reacting for a period of time, introducing washing water into the reaction cavity through a washing water distribution pipe, washing the sediment at the bottom of the reaction cavity without salt deposition, and enabling the sediment without salt deposition and the washing water to leave the reactor from a slag slurry outlet.
As the control of the temperature, the operation method may further include at least one of the following two steps:
controlling the reaction temperature inside the reaction cavity: when the reaction temperature in the reaction cavity reaches an early warning value, cooling water is introduced into the reaction cavity, enters the central pipe from the inlet of the central pipe, enters the reaction cavity from the water spray hole in the central pipe, and cleans the heat taking coil, so that the heat taking efficiency of the heat taking coil is improved, the temperature in the reactor is reduced, meanwhile, the temperature in the reactor is reduced, and the fluidity of sludge is increased;
controlling the temperature of the metal wall of the reaction cavity: when the metal wall temperature of the reaction cavity reaches an early warning value, jacket water is introduced into the jacket layer, the jacket water cools the outer wall of the reaction cavity, and the metal wall temperature of the reaction cavity is reduced, so that the reaction cavity can work at a lower design temperature while the oxidation reaction is carried out at a higher temperature in the reaction cavity, and the economical efficiency of equipment is improved.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the oily sludge is subjected to a rapid oxidation reaction in a supercritical water environment, and after the reaction, organic matters are completely oxidized into non-toxic small molecular compounds such as carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen, salts and the like, so that secondary pollution is not formed, and the environment-friendly property is good;
2) the arrangement mode of the sludge distribution pipe and the oxidant distribution pipe ensures that the sludge and the oxidant are dispersed more uniformly, the countercurrent contact reaction can be realized, the conditions of local high-temperature hot spots and overlarge oxygen concentration are avoided, the reaction is more uniform, and the equipment safety is improved;
3) the oxidation process is exothermic, and (when the organic content exceeds 2 percent), the self-heating can be formed without additional heat supply; the heat emitted in the oxidation process is taken away by arranging the heat-taking coil pipe, so that the utilization of the heat is realized to heat other substances, and the aim of saving energy is fulfilled; secondly, the use temperature of the reactor can be reduced after the heat is taken away, and the economical efficiency of the equipment is improved.
4) The material selection grade of the reaction cavity is reduced by adopting the jacket layer, so that the reaction cavity can work at a lower design temperature while the oxidation reaction is carried out at a higher temperature in the reaction cavity, and the reaction cavity has better economical efficiency and safety;
5) the supporting function of the central tube can prevent the vibration of piping and equipment caused by conveying materials; the central pipe can play a continuous or intermittent flushing role, so that the on-line cleaning of the heat taking coil pipe is realized, and the heat transfer effect and the timely heat transfer are ensured; secondly, the water spraying can realize the cooling effect on the inside of the reactor, realize the cooling on the inside of the reaction cavity and prevent the reaction from overtemperature;
6) the arrangement of the flushing water distribution pipe can flush the inorganic salt deposited at the bottom of the reaction cavity, so that the pipeline is prevented from being blocked, the flushing water is completely emptied from the bottom, the flushing range is controlled at the bottom of the reaction cavity, and the temperature and the supercritical state of the rest part of the reaction cavity are not reduced;
7) the central pipe and the flushing water distribution pipe are arranged to independently perform cooling and flushing operations, and are matched with each other to ensure long-period safe operation of the device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is another schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a configuration of the sludge distribution pipe in a loop;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a configuration of a sludge distribution pipe in the form of a planar spiral coil;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of one configuration of the oxidant distribution conduit in the form of a loop;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an oxidant distribution tube in the form of a planar helical coil;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a configuration in which the flush water inlet is connected to the flush water distribution pipe;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing another structure in which a washing water inlet is connected to a washing water distribution pipe;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the heating coil of FIG. 1 in view A-A;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of a nozzle mounted on a center tube.
In the figure: 1-sludge inlet, 2-jacket layer, 3-reaction cavity, 4-jacket water outlet, 5-central pipe inlet, 6-gas outlet, 7-central pipe, 8-sludge distribution pipe, 9-water spray hole, 10-oxidant dispersion pipe, 11-oxidant dispersion hole, 12-thermometer, 13-oxidant inlet, 14-oxidant distribution pipe, 15-jacket water inlet, 16-slag slurry outlet, 17-flushing water distribution pipe, 18-flushing nozzle, 19-flushing water inlet, 20-heat taking coil inlet, 21-heat taking coil, 22-heat taking coil outlet, 23-sludge distribution hole, 24-oxidant distribution hole, 25-flushing hole, 26-flushing branch pipe and 27-fin, 28-Cooling Water nozzle.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention, as shown,
the invention provides a heat-taking type supercritical water treatment oily sludge reactor, which comprises a vertical cylindrical reaction cavity 3, a sludge distribution pipe 8, a heat-taking coil 21 and an oxidant distribution pipe 14, wherein the sludge distribution pipe 8, the heat-taking coil 21 and the oxidant distribution pipe 14 are coaxially arranged in the reaction cavity 3 from top to bottom, a sludge inlet 1, an oxidant inlet 13, a gas outlet 6, a slurry outlet 16, a heat-taking coil inlet 20 and a heat-taking coil outlet 22 are arranged on the reaction cavity 3 and are communicated with the inside and the outside of the reactor, the sludge inlet 1 is arranged at the middle upper part of the reaction cavity 3, the oxidant inlet 13 is arranged at the middle lower part of the reaction cavity 3, the gas outlet 6 is arranged at the top of the reaction cavity 3, the slurry outlet 16 is arranged at the bottom of the reaction cavity 3, the sludge inlet 1 extends into the reaction cavity 3 and is connected with the sludge distribution pipe 8, a sludge distribution hole is formed in the wall of the sludge inlet 8, and the oxidant inlet 13 extends into the reaction cavity 3 and is connected with the oxidant distribution pipe 14, oxidant distribution holes are formed in the pipe wall of the oxidant distribution pipe 14, and the heat taking coil inlet 20 and the heat taking coil outlet 22 extend into the reaction cavity 3 and are respectively connected with the two ends of the heat taking coil 21. Fins 27 may be provided on the walls of the heat-extracting coil 21 as shown in fig. 9. The heat-taking coil 21 is arranged between the sludge distribution pipe 8 and the oxidant distribution pipe 14 and spirally surrounds along the axial direction of the reaction cavity 3.
A central pipe 7 is coaxially arranged in the reaction cavity 3 and the reaction cavity, the central pipe penetrates through the centers of the sludge distribution pipe 8 and the heat taking coil pipe 21, the bottom end of the central pipe is positioned above the oxidant distribution pipe 14, the bottom of the central pipe 7 is closed, the upper end of the central pipe 7 is connected with a central pipe inlet 5 arranged at the top of the reaction cavity 3, and the pipe wall of the central pipe 7 is provided with a water spraying hole 9. Cooling water nozzles 28 may be welded to the water spray holes 9, as shown in fig. 10, and the cooling water nozzles 28 may be provided with a plurality of outlets and a plurality of spraying directions simultaneously, as shown by arrows in fig. 10.
The outer side of the reaction cavity 3 is provided with a jacket layer 2, the jacket layer 2 is a hollow cavity and covers the whole reaction cavity 3, and the jacket layer 2 is provided with a jacket water inlet 15 and a jacket water outlet 4. The oxidant distributing holes of the oxidant distributing pipe 14 are connected with oxidant dispersing pipes 10 parallel to the axis of the reaction cavity 3, the oxidant dispersing pipes 10 are circular straight pipes, the top ends of the oxidant dispersing pipes are closed, and the pipe walls of the oxidant distributing pipes are provided with oxidant dispersing holes 11. A thermometer 12 is arranged on the reaction cavity 3.
In fig. 1, a washing water inlet 19 is formed to extend into the center pipe 7 from the upper end thereof and to pass through the bottom thereof, without communicating with the center pipe 7, and the lower end of the washing water inlet 19 is connected to a washing water distribution pipe 17 through a washing branch pipe 26, as shown in fig. 8. The flushing water inlet 19 is arranged coaxially with the central tube 7, and in fig. 8 round flushing holes 25 are evenly distributed at the lower part of the tube wall of the flushing water distribution tube 17. The circular flushing holes 25 may be provided with flushing nozzles 18.
Figure 2 is another schematic construction of the invention, which differs from figure 1 in the way of the arrangement of the flushing water inlet 19 and the way of connection to the flushing water distribution pipe 17, as shown in figure 7, the flushing water inlet 19 being arranged at the bottom of the reaction chamber and being connected to the flushing water distribution pipe 17, although it is possible to connect the flushing water distribution pipe 17 preferably tangentially.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the sludge distribution pipe of the present invention, in which the sludge distribution pipe 8 is a circular pipe having a circular cross section, and the sludge inlet 1 is tangentially connected to the sludge distribution pipe. The sludge distribution holes 23 are round holes, and the center of the sludge distribution pipe 8 is a central pipe 7.
Fig. 4 is another structural diagram of the sludge distribution pipe of the present invention, in which the sludge distribution pipe 8 is a planar spiral coil, and the sludge inlet 1 is connected to the sludge distribution pipe 8. The sludge distribution holes 23 are round holes, and the center of the sludge distribution pipe 8 is a central pipe 7.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the oxidant distribution pipe of the present invention, in which the oxidant distribution pipe 14 is a circular pipe, the oxidant distribution holes 24 are formed in the upper portion of the pipe wall and face the top of the reaction chamber, and the oxidant inlet 13 is tangentially connected to the oxidant distribution pipe 14.
Fig. 6 is another structural diagram of the oxidant distribution pipe of the present invention, in which the oxidant distribution pipe 14 is a planar spiral coil, oxidant distribution holes 24 are formed in the upper portion of the pipe wall and face the top of the reaction chamber, and the oxidant inlet 13 is connected to the oxidant distribution pipe 14.
The operation steps of the heat-taking type supercritical water treatment oil-containing sludge reactor shown in figure 1 are as follows:
1) introducing supercritical water into the reaction cavity 3 through the sludge inlet 1, the oxidant inlet 13 or the central pipe inlet 5, and cutting off the supply of the supercritical water after the supercritical state is achieved in the reaction cavity 3;
2) sludge to be treated is introduced into the reaction cavity through a sludge inlet 1, and the sludge is conveyed from top to bottom under the action of gravity after entering the reaction cavity 3 through a sludge distribution pipe 8;
3) while the step 2) is carried out, an oxidant is introduced into the reaction cavity 3 through an oxidant inlet 13, the oxidant inlet 13 provides an oxidant for the dispersion of the oxidation reaction through an oxidant distribution pipe 14 and an oxidant dispersion pipe 10 in the reaction cavity 3, the sludge undergoes the oxidation reaction in a supercritical water environment, organic matters in the sludge are completely oxidized into non-toxic micromolecular compounds such as carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen, salts and the like, and the harmless treatment is carried out;
4) along with the reaction, after the temperature in the reaction cavity is measured to be higher than 400 ℃ by a thermometer, a heat taking medium is introduced into a heat taking coil 21 through a heat taking coil inlet 20, and the heat taking medium is heated by heat released by the reaction and then leaves from a heat taking coil outlet;
5) reaction gas-phase products and other gas phases leave the reaction cavity from a gas outlet 6 at the top of the reaction cavity 3, reaction liquid-phase and solid-phase residues are conveyed from top to bottom in the reaction cavity 3 under the action of inertia, and leave the reaction cavity 3 from a residue slurry outlet 16 at the bottom of the reaction cavity;
6) after reacting for a period of time, introducing washing water into the reaction cavity 3 through a washing water distribution pipe 17, washing the sediment at the bottom of the reaction cavity 3 without salt deposition, and enabling the sediment and the washing water to leave the reactor from a slag slurry outlet 16;
7) when the reaction temperature in the reaction cavity reaches an early warning value, cooling water is introduced into the reaction cavity 3, enters the central pipe 7 from the central pipe inlet 5, enters the reaction cavity 3 from the water spray holes 9 in the central pipe 7, and cleans the heat taking coil 21, so that the heat taking efficiency of the heat taking coil is improved, the temperature in the reactor is reduced, meanwhile, the temperature in the reactor is reduced, and the fluidity of sludge is increased;
8) when the temperature of the metal wall of the reaction cavity 3 reaches an early warning value, introducing jacket water into the jacket layer 2, introducing the jacket water from a jacket water inlet 15, and introducing the jacket water from a jacket water outlet 4; the jacket water cools the outer wall of the reaction cavity 3, and the temperature of the metal wall of the reaction cavity is reduced, so that the reaction cavity can work at a lower design temperature while the oxidation reaction is carried out at a higher temperature in the reaction cavity, and the economical efficiency of the equipment is improved.
Claims (19)
1. The utility model provides a get oily sludge reactor of hot supercritical water treatment which characterized in that: comprises a vertical cylindrical reaction cavity, a sludge distribution pipe, a heat-taking coil pipe and an oxidant distribution pipe which are positioned in the reaction cavity and are coaxial with the reaction cavity from top to bottom, a sludge inlet, an oxidant inlet, a gas outlet, a slag slurry outlet, a heat-taking coil pipe inlet and a heat-taking coil pipe outlet which are arranged on the reaction cavity and are communicated with the inside and the outside of a reactor, the sludge inlet is positioned on the middle upper part of the reaction cavity, the oxidant inlet is positioned on the middle lower part of the reaction cavity, the gas outlet is positioned on the top of the reaction cavity, the slurry outlet is positioned at the bottom of the reaction cavity, the sludge inlet stretches into the interior of the reaction cavity and is connected with the sludge distribution pipe, the sludge distribution hole is formed in the wall of the sludge distribution pipe, the oxidant inlet stretches into the interior of the reaction cavity and is connected with the oxidant distribution pipe, the oxidant distribution hole is formed in the wall of the oxidant distribution pipe, and the heat taking coil inlet and the heat taking coil outlet stretch into the reaction cavity and are connected with the two ends of the heat taking coil respectively.
2. The reactor of claim 1, wherein: the sludge distribution pipe is arranged at the middle upper part of the reaction cavity and is a circular pipe or a planar spiral coil pipe, and the lower part of the pipe wall of the sludge distribution pipe is provided with a sludge distribution hole and faces the bottom of the reaction cavity.
3. The reactor of claim 2, wherein: the reaction cavity is internally provided with a central pipe which is coaxial with the reaction cavity, the central pipe penetrates through the sludge distribution pipe and the center of the heat taking coil pipe, the bottom end of the central pipe is positioned above the oxidant distribution pipe, the bottom of the central pipe is closed, the upper end of the central pipe is connected with an inlet of the central pipe arranged at the top of the reaction cavity, and the pipe wall of the central pipe is provided with a water spraying hole.
4. A reactor according to claim 3, wherein: the oxidant distribution pipe is positioned at the middle lower part of the reaction cavity and is a circular pipe or a plane spiral coil pipe, and the oxidant distribution pipe is arranged at the upper part of the pipe wall and faces the top of the reaction cavity.
5. The reactor of claim 4, wherein: and a washing water distribution pipe is arranged at the bottom of the reaction cavity and below the oxidant distribution pipe, is a circular pipe, is provided with a washing hole at the lower part of the pipe wall and faces the bottom of the reaction cavity, and is connected with a washing water inlet arranged on the reaction cavity.
6. The reactor of claim 5, wherein: the flushing water inlet extends into the central pipe from the upper end of the central pipe and penetrates out of the bottom of the central pipe, the flushing water inlet is not communicated with the central pipe, and the lower end of the flushing water inlet is connected with a flushing water distribution pipe through a flushing branch pipe.
7. The reactor of claim 5, wherein: and the flushing water inlet is arranged at the bottom of the reaction cavity and is connected with a flushing water distribution pipe.
8. The reactor of claim 4, wherein: the oxidant distribution holes are connected with oxidant dispersion pipes parallel to the axis of the reaction cavity, the oxidant dispersion pipes are circular straight pipes, the top ends of the oxidant dispersion pipes are closed, and the pipe walls of the oxidant dispersion pipes are provided with oxidant dispersion holes.
9. The reactor of claim 8, wherein: the diameter of the opening of the oxidant dispersing hole on the oxidant dispersing pipe is in the trend of being large at two ends and small in the middle, and the ratio of the opening rate from top to bottom is 2: 1: 1.5.
10. the reactor of claim 9, wherein: the diameter of hole for water spraying on the pipe wall of the central pipe is from last to being the trend of crescent down, and the percent opening is from last to being 1 down: 1.5: 3.
11. the reactor of claim 1, wherein: and a washing water distribution pipe is arranged at the bottom of the reaction cavity and below the oxidant distribution pipe, a washing hole is formed in the lower part of the pipe wall of the washing water distribution pipe and faces the bottom of the reaction cavity, and the washing water distribution pipe is connected with a washing water inlet arranged on the reaction cavity.
12. The reactor of claim 1, wherein: the oxidant distribution pipe is positioned at the middle lower part of the reaction cavity and is a circular pipe or a plane spiral coil pipe, and the oxidant distribution pipe is arranged at the upper part of the pipe wall and faces the top of the reaction cavity.
13. The reactor of claim 12, wherein: the oxidant distribution holes are connected with oxidant dispersion pipes parallel to the axis of the reaction cavity, the oxidant dispersion pipes are circular straight pipes, the top ends of the oxidant dispersion pipes are closed, and the pipe walls of the oxidant dispersion pipes are provided with oxidant dispersion holes.
14. The reactor of claim 13, wherein: and a washing water distribution pipe is arranged at the bottom of the reaction cavity and below the oxidant distribution pipe, a washing hole is formed in the lower part of the pipe wall of the washing water distribution pipe and faces the bottom of the reaction cavity, and the washing water distribution pipe is connected with a washing water inlet arranged on the reaction cavity.
15. The reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein: and fins are arranged on the outer side of the pipe wall of the heat taking coil pipe.
16. The reactor according to any one of claims 3 to 10, wherein: and cooling water nozzles are arranged on the water spray holes of the central pipe.
17. The reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein: the reaction cavity is provided with a jacket layer on the outer side, the jacket layer is a hollow cavity and covers the whole reaction cavity, and the jacket layer is provided with a jacket water inlet and a jacket water outlet.
18. A method of operating a reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 14, comprising the steps of:
1) introducing supercritical water into the reaction cavity through the sludge inlet or the oxidant inlet, and cutting off the supply of the supercritical water after the supercritical state is achieved in the reaction cavity;
2) sludge to be treated is introduced into the reaction cavity through a sludge inlet, and the sludge is conveyed from top to bottom under the action of gravity after entering the reaction cavity through a sludge distribution pipe;
3) step 2) is carried out, meanwhile, an oxidant is introduced into the reaction cavity through an oxidant inlet, the oxidant inlet provides the oxidant for the oxidation reaction through an oxidant distribution pipe in the reaction cavity in a dispersing way, the sludge is subjected to the oxidation reaction in a supercritical water environment, organic matters in the sludge are completely oxidized into non-toxic micromolecular compounds such as carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen, salts and the like, and harmless treatment is carried out;
4) along with the reaction, after the temperature in the reaction cavity is measured to be higher than 400 ℃ by a thermometer, a heat taking medium is introduced into the heat taking coil through the inlet of the heat taking coil, and the heat taking medium is heated by the heat released by the reaction and then leaves from the outlet of the heat taking coil;
5) reaction gas-phase products and other gas phases leave the reaction cavity from a gas outlet at the top of the reaction cavity, reaction liquid-phase residues and solid-phase residues are conveyed from top to bottom in the reaction cavity under the action of inertia, and the reaction liquid-phase residues leave the reaction cavity from a slurry outlet at the bottom of the reaction cavity.
19. A method of operating a reactor according to any one of claims 5 to 7, comprising the steps of:
1) introducing supercritical water into the reaction cavity through the sludge inlet or the oxidant inlet, and cutting off the supply of the supercritical water after the supercritical state is achieved in the reaction cavity;
2) sludge to be treated is introduced into the reaction cavity through a sludge inlet, and the sludge is conveyed from top to bottom under the action of gravity after entering the reaction cavity through a sludge distribution pipe;
3) step 2) is carried out, meanwhile, an oxidant is introduced into the reaction cavity through an oxidant inlet, the oxidant inlet provides the oxidant for the oxidation reaction through an oxidant distribution pipe in the reaction cavity in a dispersing way, the sludge is subjected to the oxidation reaction in a supercritical water environment, organic matters in the sludge are completely oxidized into non-toxic micromolecular compounds such as carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen, salts and the like, and harmless treatment is carried out;
4) along with the reaction, after the temperature in the reaction cavity is measured to be higher than 400 ℃ by a thermometer, a heat taking medium is introduced into the heat taking coil through the inlet of the heat taking coil, and the heat taking medium is heated by the heat released by the reaction and then leaves from the outlet of the heat taking coil;
5) reaction gas-phase products and other gas phases leave the reaction cavity from a gas outlet at the top of the reaction cavity, reaction liquid-phase residues and solid-phase residues are conveyed from top to bottom in the reaction cavity under the action of inertia, and the reaction liquid-phase residues leave the reaction cavity from a residue slurry outlet at the bottom of the reaction cavity;
6) after reacting for a period of time, introducing washing water into the reaction cavity through a washing water distribution pipe, washing the sediment at the bottom of the reaction cavity without salt deposition, and enabling the sediment and the washing water to leave the reactor from a slag slurry outlet;
7) when the reaction temperature in the reaction cavity reaches the early warning value, cooling water is introduced into the reaction cavity, enters the central pipe from the central pipe inlet, enters the reaction cavity from the water spray hole in the central pipe, and is used for cleaning the heat taking coil, so that the heat taking efficiency of the heat taking coil is improved, the temperature in the reactor is reduced, the cooling in the reactor is realized, and the flowability of sludge is increased.
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