CN113310477B - Two independent plane angle measurement and parallel alignment method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for angle measurement and parallel alignment of two independent planes, and relates to the technical field of relative position adjustment and base plane parallel alignment of processing equipment, measuring devices, etc. The compass can be used to establish a natural frame. On this basis, the angle between any two planes can be measured, or any two planes can be aligned in parallel. It can realize the parallel alignment of two planes farther away, and the operation is convenient.

Description

Two independent plane angle measurement and parallel alignment method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of relative position adjustment and base plane parallel alignment of processing equipment, measuring devices, etc., and in particular to a method for measuring two independent plane angles and parallel alignment of multiple processing or measuring coordinate systems that are independent and separated from each other.

Background technique

When machining and measuring, it is often necessary to ensure a strict parallelism between the plane to be machined or the plane to be measured and the plane of the tool or measuring tool, otherwise the accuracy of machining and measurement will be affected to a large extent. Existing measurement methods are generally based on collimator, micrometer, gauge block, etc. for measurement.

The invention patent application with publication number CN107677219A realizes the rapid and accurate measurement of parallelism through the positional relationship between two self-collimating collimator tubes and the measured component, which is suitable for components that need to test the parallelism of the plane;

The invention patent application with publication number CN109974566A is a measuring tool for detecting the flatness and parallelism of a flat plate. ;

The above publications solve the flatness and parallelism measurement problems of components and large-thickness planes, respectively, but it is difficult to realize parallelism measurement between a large processing/measuring device arranged separately and the plane being processed/measured, especially when the two When the position of the plane is far away, direct alignment is more difficult and inconvenient to operate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for measuring the angle of two independent planes and parallel alignment, which can measure the angle between the two planes or align the two independent planes in parallel, so as to solve the problem of independent and separate arrangement. datum unification and alignment of multiple machining or measuring coordinate systems.

The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a method for measuring two independent plane angles and parallel alignment, comprising the following steps:

S1. Place a "cross" base with a compass on the two measured planes, and establish a natural frame {O, T, S, E} and a measured frame {o, h, m, n};

S2. Establish the spatial relationship between the measured frame and the natural frame;

S3. Through the compass on the two measured planes, measure the frame angles of the two measured planes and judge whether the frame angles are equal. If they are not equal, adjust the "cross" base to make them equal;

The angle of the frame is the angle between the h-axis of the frame to be measured and the SOT plane of the natural frame;

S4. Place an electronic level horizontally on the "cross" bases of the two measured planes, measure the angle between the normal of the two measured planes and the EOT plane of the natural frame through the electronic level, and judge whether the two are equal ; Measure the angle between the normal of the two measured planes and the SOT plane of the natural frame by the electronic level, and judge whether the two are equal,

If there is inequality, the two measured planes have an included angle. Adjust the two measured planes to make the angle and normal between the normal and the natural frame EOT plane while keeping the two frame angles equal. The angle between the SOT plane and the natural frame is equal, that is, the two measured planes are parallel.

Further, the described "cross"-shaped base includes a square base body with a thickness, and square protrusions of equal area and equal height are respectively provided at the four corners of the base body, and the compass is arranged on one of the protrusions. On the part, a "cross" groove is formed between the four raised parts.

Further, the described natural frame {O, T, S, E}, O is the origin of coordinates, T is the vertical line direction of the electronic level, S is the due south direction of the compass, and E is the due east of the compass. Towards;

The measured frame {o,h,m,n}, o is the center point of the "cross" groove, n is the normal direction of the measured plane, h, m are the south of the "cross" groove respectively , due east direction;

The two measured planes are plane 1 and plane 2, and the measured frames are {o ₁ , h ₁ , m ₁ , n ₁ } and {o ₂ , h ₂ , m ₂ , n ₂ } respectively, the step S2 To make O and o ₁ coincide to establish the spatial relationship between the measured frame of plane 1 and the natural frame; to make O and o ₂ coincide, to establish the spatial relationship of the measured frame of plane 2 and the natural frame.

Further, define:

The angle between h ₁ and the SOT plane is θ ₁₃ , the angle between n ₁ and the EOT plane is θ ₁₁ , the angle between n ₁ and the SOT plane is θ ₁₂ ; the angle between h ₂ and the SOT plane is θ ₂₃ , and the angle between n ₂ The included angle with the EOT plane is θ ₂₁ , and the included angle between n ₂ and the SOT plane is θ ₂₂ ;

The step S3 is: measure θ ₁₃ and θ ₂₃ through a compass and judge whether θ ₁₃ is equal to θ ₂₃ , if not, the angles between the two measured frames and the SOT plane are different, and by adjusting the "cross" base seat, so that the frame angle θ ₁₃ =θ ₂₃ ;

Described step S4 is: place the electronic level at the center point of the "cross" groove and be on the same line as the m-axis, measure θ ₁₁ and θ ₂₁ and judge whether the two are equal, place the electronic level in the "cross" groove At the center point of the groove and _on the same line as the h-axis, measure _{θ 12} and _{θ 22} and judge whether they are equal. θ ₂₁ , θ ₁₂ =θ ₂₂ , that is, θ ₁₁ =θ ₂₁ , θ ₁₂ =θ ₂₂ and θ ₁₃ =θ ₂₃ are established simultaneously, that is, the two measured planes are parallel.

Further, the angle Δ between the two measured planes is calculated by the following formula:

Where: θ ₁ is the angle between n ₁ and T, θ ₂ is the angle between n ₂ and T, that is, the angle between the two measured planes relative to the horizontal plane, θ ₁ and θ ₂ are calculated by the following formula:

Beneficial effect: Use the electronic level and the compass installed on the "cross" base to establish a natural frame. The problem of parallelism measurement between a large processing/measuring device arranged separately and the plane being processed/measured is difficult to achieve, and the parallel alignment of two planes farther away can be realized, and the operation is convenient.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic diagram of two measured plane normals n ₁ , n ₂ and their corresponding angles under the natural frame of the present invention;

2 is a schematic diagram of a "cross" base and a measured frame on which a compass is installed in the present invention;

3 is a schematic diagram of the establishment of the spatial relationship between two measured frames of the present invention and a natural frame;

4 is a schematic diagram of the placement position of the electronic level of the present invention;

5 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a "cross" base and a precision hexahedron according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the precision hexahedron bonding surface and its baselines in Example 2 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example 1

For the two planes where the compass and electronic level can be easily placed, including two horizontal planes, two inclined planes with any small angle relative to the horizontal plane, two inclined planes with any large angle relative to the horizontal plane, two vertical planes, and any small angle relative to the vertical plane. Two inclined planes, etc.:

A method for angle measurement and parallel alignment of two independent planes, ideas and principles:

(1) If the two planes are parallel, the normals of the two planes are parallel, and vice versa;

(2) If the two intersecting lines in the two planes are correspondingly parallel, the two planes are parallel;

(3) As shown in Figure 1, whether the two normals are parallel can be judged by measuring the corresponding angles of the two measured planes under the natural frame {O, T, S, E}:

①If the two angles of the two measured planes are equal, that is, θ ₁₁ = θ ₂₁ , and θ ₁₂ = θ ₂₂ , then it can be judged that the two planes are parallel;

②If the two angles of the two measured planes are not equal, you can adjust the normal direction to make the two angles equal, and then make the two planes parallel.

Among them: O is the origin of the coordinates, T is the vertical line direction of the electronic level, S is the due south direction of the compass, E is the due east direction of the compass, n is the normal line of the measured plane, θ ₁ is n ₁ and The angle between T, θ ₂ is the angle between n ₂ and T, θ ₁₁ is the angle between n ₁ and the EOT plane, θ ₁₂ is the angle between n ₁ and the SOT plane, and θ ₂₁ is the angle between n ₂ and the EOT plane. Angle, θ ₂₂ is the angle between n ₂ and the SOT plane, Δ is the angle between n ₁ and n ₂ , that is, the angle between the two measured planes corresponding to n ₁ and n ₂ .

Specific steps:

S1. Place a "cross" base with a compass on the two measured planes, and establish a natural frame {O, T, S, E} and a measured frame {o, h, m, n};

As shown in Figure 2, the "cross"-shaped base includes a square base body with a thickness, and square protrusions of equal area and equal height are respectively provided at the four corners of the base body, and the compass is arranged therein. On a raised portion, a "cross"-shaped groove is formed between the four raised portions.

The measured frame {o,h,m,n}, o is the center point of the "cross" groove, n is the normal direction of the measured plane, h, m are the south of the "cross" groove respectively , due east direction;

The two measured planes are plane 1 and plane 2, and the measured frames are {o ₁ , h ₁ , m ₁ , n ₁ } and {o ₂ , h ₂ , m ₂ , n ₂ } respectively;

S2. Establish the spatial relationship between the measured frame and the natural frame;

Make O coincide with o ₁ to establish the spatial relationship between the measured frame of plane 1 and the natural frame; make O and o ₂ coincide to establish the spatial relationship between the measured frame of plane 2 and the natural frame.

S3. Through the compass, measure the frame angles θ ₁₃ and θ ₂₃ and judge whether θ ₁₃ is equal to θ ₂₃ , if not, the angles between the two measured frames and the SOT plane are different, by adjusting the "cross" base , so that the frame angle θ ₁₃ =θ ₂₃ ;

Among them: the angle between h ₁ and the SOT plane is θ ₁₃ , the angle between h ₂ and the SOT plane is θ ₂₃ ,

S4. Place the electronic level at the center point of the "cross" groove and on the same line as the m-axis, measure θ ₁₁ and θ ₂₁ and judge whether the two are equal, and place the electronic level at the center point of the "cross" groove And the same line as the h-axis, measure θ ₁₂ and θ ₂₂ and judge whether they are equal. If there is inequality, the two measured planes have an included angle. By adjusting the measured plane, the condition of θ ₁₃ = θ ₂₃ is maintained. Next, let θ ₁₁ =θ ₂₁ , θ ₁₂ =θ ₂₂ , that is, make θ ₁₁ =θ ₂₁ , θ ₁₂ =θ ₂₂ and θ ₁₃ =θ ₂₃ established simultaneously, that is, the two measured planes are parallel.

The angle Δ between the two measured planes is calculated by the following formula:

As shown in Figure 3, where: θ ₁ is the angle between n ₁ and T, θ ₂ is the angle between n ₂ and T, that is, the angle between the two measured planes relative to the horizontal plane, θ ₁ and θ ₂ pass the following formula calculate:

When θ ₁₁ =θ ₁₂ =θ ₂₁ =θ ₂₂ =0, the two measured planes are both horizontal planes, and the included angle is 0, that is, the two measured planes are parallel.

Example 2

For the two planes where it is difficult to place the compass and electronic level, take the measurement and adjustment of the parallelism of the two measured planes near the vertical plane as an example:

The angle measurement and parallel alignment of the near-vertical plane can be achieved by the angle measurement and parallel alignment of two near-horizontal planes perpendicular to it. This embodiment uses a precise hexahedron to assist in the measurement, and the specific operations are as follows:

① Make a certain side Q of the precision hexahedron fit with the plane of the near-vertical plane to be measured, and adjust the plane to be measured synchronously by adjusting the Q plane;

②Place the "cross" base on the top surface P of the precision hexahedron, and make h-h and the baseline B a fixed angle (generally adjusted to be parallel), as shown in Figure 5;

3. Through the steps in Embodiment 1, the angles of the top surfaces P1 and P2 of the two precision hexahedrons can be measured, and the two top surfaces P1 and P2 can also be aligned in parallel;

④As shown in Figure 6, if the two top planes P1//P2 of the two precision hexahedrons, their corresponding baselines are parallel, that is, B1//B2, and their corresponding normals are also parallel, that is, n1//n2; It is easy to find two pairs of straight lines L11, L12, and L21, L22 in the plane Q1, Q2, so that L11//n1, L21//n2, L12//B1, L22//B2, so there are: L11//L21, L12 //L22. According to the fact that if the two intersecting lines in the two planes are correspondingly parallel, the two planes are parallel, and the two bonding planes Q1 and Q2 can be obtained to be parallel.

Therefore, the angles of the two fitting planes Q1 and Q2 can be obtained by measuring the angles of the top surfaces P1 and P2 of the two precision hexahedrons, which is equivalent to obtaining the angles of the two measured planes. The two fitting planes Q1 and Q2 are aligned in parallel, that is, the two measured planes are aligned in parallel.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. The equivalent replacement or change of the inventive concept thereof shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method for measuring angles of two independent planes and aligning the two independent planes in parallel is characterized by comprising the following steps:

S1, respectively placing cross bases with compass on two measured planes, and establishing a natural frameO，T，S，EFront and back face of a subject mark frameo, h, m, n｝；

The cross-shaped base comprises a square base body with thickness, square convex parts with equal area and equal height are respectively arranged at four corners of the base body, the compass is arranged on one of the convex parts, and a cross-shaped groove is formed among the four convex parts;

said natural frameO，T，S，E｝，OIs a coordinate origin,TIs in the direction of the plumb line of the electronic level meter,SIs the south of the compass,EThe east-ward direction of the compass;

said measured mark holdero, h, m, n｝，oIs the central point of the cross-shaped groove,nis the normal direction of the measured plane,h、mthe cross-shaped groove is used for righting the south and the east directions respectively;

the two measured planes are plane 1 and plane 2, and the measured mark frame is ao ₁, h ₁, m ₁, n ₁Ano ₂, h ₂, m ₂, n ₂}；

S2, establishing a spatial relation between the measured frame and the natural frame;

make itOAndo ₁overlapping, and establishing a spatial relation between the measured mark frame and the natural mark frame of the plane 1; make itOAndo ₂overlapping, and establishing a spatial relation between the measured standard frame and the natural standard frame of the plane 2;

s3, respectively measuring the frame angles of the two measured planes through the compasses on the two measured planes, judging whether the frame angles are equal, and if not, adjusting the cross-shaped base to enable the frame angles to be equal;

The angle of the mark frame is a measured mark framehAxle and nature frameSOTThe included angle between the planes;

s4, horizontally placing an electronic level gauge on the cross-shaped base of the two measured planes respectively, and measuring the normal lines of the two measured planes and the natural frame through the electronic level gaugeEOTThe included angle between the planes is judged whether the two are equal; measuring the normal of two measured planes and natural frame by electronic level meterSOTThe included angle between the planes is judged whether the two are equal or not,

if the angles of the two measured planes are not equal, the two measured planes have included angles, and the normal line and the natural frame are adjusted under the condition that the angles of the two frames are kept equalEOTAngle between plane, normal and natural frameSOTThe included angles between the planes are equal to obtain twoThe measured planes are parallel.

2. The method for two independent plane angle measurement and parallel alignment according to claim 1, wherein:

h ₁andSOTincluded angle between planes ofθ ₁₃，n ₁AndEOTincluded angle between planes ofθ ₁₁，n ₁AndSOTincluded angle between planes ofθ ₁₂；h ₂AndSOTincluded angle between planes ofθ ₂₃，n ₂AndEOTincluded angle between planes ofθ ₂₁，n ₂AndSOTincluded angle between planes ofθ ₂₂；

The step S3 is: by means of a compass, measureθ ₁₃Andθ ₂₃and judgeθ ₁₃Whether or not equal toθ ₂₃If they are not equal, then two measured standards and SOTThe included angles of the planes are different, and the angle of the frame is adjusted by adjusting the cross-shaped baseθ ₁₃=θ ₂₃；

The step S4 is: an electronic level meter is arranged at the central point of the cross-shaped groove and connected with the cross-shaped groovemThe axes are in the same straight line, measureθ ₁₁Andθ ₂₁and judging whether the two are equal, placing the electronic level meter at the central point of the cross-shaped groove and making it be equal tohThe axes are in the same straight line, measureθ ₁₂Andθ ₂₂and judging whether the two are equal, if so, adjusting the measured plane to keep the sameθ ₁₃=θ ₂₃Under the conditions of (1) toθ ₁₁=θ ₂₁，θ ₁₂=θ ₂₂I.e. makeθ ₁₁=θ ₂₁、θ ₁₂=θ ₂₂Andθ ₁₃=θ ₂₃and simultaneously, the two measured planes are parallel.

3. Two independent planar angle measurement and parallelism pair according to claim 2Squaring method, characterized in that the angle between two measured planesΔCalculated by the following formula:

；

wherein:θ ₁is composed ofn ₁AndTthe angle of,θ ₂is composed ofn ₂AndTthe included angle of the two measured planes is the included angle of the two measured planes relative to the horizontal plane,θ ₁andθ ₂calculated by the following formula:

。

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