CN113310477B - Two independent plane angle measurement and parallel alignment method - Google Patents
Two independent plane angle measurement and parallel alignment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种两独立平面角度测量与平行对正方法,涉及加工设备及测量装置等的相对位置调整及基面平行对正技术领域,利用电子水平仪和在“十”字基座上安装的罗盘仪,建立自然标架,在此基础上,测量任意两平面所夹角度、或使任意两平面平行对正,解决了对于分离布置的大型加工/测量装置与其被加工/被测量平面之间的平行度测量难以实现的问题,能够实现两距离较远平面的平行对正,操作便捷。
The invention discloses a method for angle measurement and parallel alignment of two independent planes, and relates to the technical field of relative position adjustment and base plane parallel alignment of processing equipment, measuring devices, etc. The compass can be used to establish a natural frame. On this basis, the angle between any two planes can be measured, or any two planes can be aligned in parallel. It can realize the parallel alignment of two planes farther away, and the operation is convenient.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及加工设备及测量装置等的相对位置调整及基面平行对正技术领域,具体涉及彼此独立且分离布置的多个加工或测量坐标系统的两独立平面角度测量与平行对正方法。The invention relates to the technical field of relative position adjustment and base plane parallel alignment of processing equipment, measuring devices, etc., and in particular to a method for measuring two independent plane angles and parallel alignment of multiple processing or measuring coordinate systems that are independent and separated from each other.
背景技术Background technique
在机械加工和测量时,常常需要加工或被测平面与刀具或量具平面保证严格的平行度关系,否则在很大程度上会影响加工、测量的精度。现有的测量方法一般是基于平行光管或千分尺、量块等进行测量。When machining and measuring, it is often necessary to ensure a strict parallelism between the plane to be machined or the plane to be measured and the plane of the tool or measuring tool, otherwise the accuracy of machining and measurement will be affected to a large extent. Existing measurement methods are generally based on collimator, micrometer, gauge block, etc. for measurement.
公开号为CN107677219A的发明专利申请,通过两台自准直平行光管和被测元件之间的位置关系,实现平行度的快速精确测定,适用于需要测试平面平行度的元件;The invention patent application with publication number CN107677219A realizes the rapid and accurate measurement of parallelism through the positional relationship between two self-collimating collimator tubes and the measured component, which is suitable for components that need to test the parallelism of the plane;
公开号为CN109974566A的发明专利申请为一种检测平板平面度和平行度的量具,其组成结构包括:压件板、千分表和支撑台,可以用于检测大厚度平面的平面度和平行度;The invention patent application with publication number CN109974566A is a measuring tool for detecting the flatness and parallelism of a flat plate. ;
上述公开文件分别解决了元件和大厚度平面的平面度和平行度测量问题,但是对于分离布置的大型加工/测量装置与其被加工/被测量平面之间的平行度测量难以实现,尤其是当两平面所处的位置距离比较远时,直接对正更加困难,不便操作。The above publications solve the flatness and parallelism measurement problems of components and large-thickness planes, respectively, but it is difficult to realize parallelism measurement between a large processing/measuring device arranged separately and the plane being processed/measured, especially when the two When the position of the plane is far away, direct alignment is more difficult and inconvenient to operate.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为解决现有技术中存在的不足,本发明提供一种两独立平面角度测量与平行对正方法,能够测量两平面间所夹角度或使两独立平面平行对正,解决了彼此独立且分离布置的多个加工或测量坐标系统的基准统一与对正问题。In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for measuring the angle of two independent planes and parallel alignment, which can measure the angle between the two planes or align the two independent planes in parallel, so as to solve the problem of independent and separate arrangement. datum unification and alignment of multiple machining or measuring coordinate systems.
本发明为解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种两独立平面角度测量与平行对正方法,包括如下步骤:The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a method for measuring two independent plane angles and parallel alignment, comprising the following steps:
S1.在两被测平面上分别放置带有罗盘仪的“十”字基座,建立自然标架{O,T,S,E}以及被测标架{o,h,m,n};S1. Place a "cross" base with a compass on the two measured planes, and establish a natural frame {O, T, S, E} and a measured frame {o, h, m, n};
S2.建立被测标架与自然标架的空间关系;S2. Establish the spatial relationship between the measured frame and the natural frame;
S3.通过两被测平面上的罗盘仪,分别测量两被测平面的标架角度并判断标架角度是否相等,若不相等,通过调整“十”字基座使其相等;S3. Through the compass on the two measured planes, measure the frame angles of the two measured planes and judge whether the frame angles are equal. If they are not equal, adjust the "cross" base to make them equal;
所述标架角度为被测标架h轴与自然标架SOT平面间的夹角;The angle of the frame is the angle between the h-axis of the frame to be measured and the SOT plane of the natural frame;
S4.分别在两被测平面的“十”字基座上水平放置一电子水平仪,通过电子水平仪测量两被测平面法线与自然标架EOT平面之间的夹角,并判断二者是否相等;通过电子水平仪测量两被测平面法线与自然标架SOT平面之间的夹角,并判断二者是否相等,S4. Place an electronic level horizontally on the "cross" bases of the two measured planes, measure the angle between the normal of the two measured planes and the EOT plane of the natural frame through the electronic level, and judge whether the two are equal ; Measure the angle between the normal of the two measured planes and the SOT plane of the natural frame by the electronic level, and judge whether the two are equal,
若存在不相等,则两被测平面具有所夹角度,调整两被测平面使其在保持二者标架角度相等的情况下,法线与自然标架EOT平面之间的夹角、法线与自然标架SOT平面之间的夹角均相等,即得到两被测平面平行。If there is inequality, the two measured planes have an included angle. Adjust the two measured planes to make the angle and normal between the normal and the natural frame EOT plane while keeping the two frame angles equal. The angle between the SOT plane and the natural frame is equal, that is, the two measured planes are parallel.
进一步的,所述的“十”字基座,包括具有厚度的正方形基座本体,在基座本体四角处分别设有等面积、等高度的正方形凸起部,罗盘仪设于其中一凸起部上,四个凸起部之间形成“十”字凹槽。Further, the described "cross"-shaped base includes a square base body with a thickness, and square protrusions of equal area and equal height are respectively provided at the four corners of the base body, and the compass is arranged on one of the protrusions. On the part, a "cross" groove is formed between the four raised parts.
进一步的,所述的自然标架{O,T,S,E},O为坐标原点、T为电子水平仪的铅垂线方向、S为罗盘仪的正南方向、E为罗盘仪的正东方向;Further, the described natural frame {O, T, S, E}, O is the origin of coordinates, T is the vertical line direction of the electronic level, S is the due south direction of the compass, and E is the due east of the compass. Towards;
所述的被测标架{o,h,m,n},o为“十”字凹槽中心点,n为被测平面法线方向,h、m分别为“十”字凹槽正南、正东方向;The measured frame {o,h,m,n}, o is the center point of the "cross" groove, n is the normal direction of the measured plane, h, m are the south of the "cross" groove respectively , due east direction;
两被测平面为平面1和平面2,其被测标架分别为{o1,h1,m1,n1}和{o2,h2,m2,n2},所述步骤S2为:使O与o1重合,建立平面1被测标架与自然标架的空间关系;使O与o2重合,建立平面2被测标架与自然标架的空间关系。The two measured planes are plane 1 and plane 2, and the measured frames are {o 1 , h 1 , m 1 , n 1 } and {o 2 , h 2 , m 2 , n 2 } respectively, the step S2 To make O and o 1 coincide to establish the spatial relationship between the measured frame of plane 1 and the natural frame; to make O and o 2 coincide, to establish the spatial relationship of the measured frame of plane 2 and the natural frame.
进一步的,定义:Further, define:
h1与SOT平面间夹角为θ13,n1与EOT平面间夹角为θ11,n1与SOT平面间夹角为θ12;h2与SOT平面间夹角为θ23,n2与EOT平面间夹角为θ21,n2与SOT平面间夹角为θ22;The angle between h 1 and the SOT plane is θ 13 , the angle between n 1 and the EOT plane is θ 11 , the angle between n 1 and the SOT plane is θ 12 ; the angle between h 2 and the SOT plane is θ 23 , and the angle between n 2 The included angle with the EOT plane is θ 21 , and the included angle between n 2 and the SOT plane is θ 22 ;
所述步骤S3为:通过罗盘仪,测量θ13和θ23并判断θ13是否等于θ23,若不相等,则两被测标架与SOT平面所夹角度不同,通过调整“十”字基座,使标架角度θ13=θ23;The step S3 is: measure θ 13 and θ 23 through a compass and judge whether θ 13 is equal to θ 23 , if not, the angles between the two measured frames and the SOT plane are different, and by adjusting the "cross" base seat, so that the frame angle θ 13 =θ 23 ;
所述步骤S4为:将电子水平仪置于“十”字凹槽中心点处且与m轴同一直线,测量θ11和θ21并判断二者是否相等,将电子水平仪置于“十”字凹槽中心点处且与h轴同一直线,测量θ12和θ22并判断二者是否相等,若存在不相等,通过调整被测平面,在保持θ13=θ23的条件下,使θ11=θ21,θ12=θ22,即,使θ11=θ21、θ12=θ22和θ13=θ23同时成立,即得到两被测平面平行。Described step S4 is: place the electronic level at the center point of the "cross" groove and be on the same line as the m-axis, measure θ 11 and θ 21 and judge whether the two are equal, place the electronic level in the "cross" groove At the center point of the groove and on the same line as the h-axis, measure θ 12 and θ 22 and judge whether they are equal. θ 21 , θ 12 =θ 22 , that is, θ 11 =θ 21 , θ 12 =θ 22 and θ 13 =θ 23 are established simultaneously, that is, the two measured planes are parallel.
进一步的,两被测平面所夹角度Δ通过下式计算:Further, the angle Δ between the two measured planes is calculated by the following formula:
其中:θ1为n1与T的夹角,θ2为n2与T的夹角,即两被测平面相对于水平面的夹角,θ1与θ2通过下式计算:Where: θ 1 is the angle between n 1 and T, θ 2 is the angle between n 2 and T, that is, the angle between the two measured planes relative to the horizontal plane, θ 1 and θ 2 are calculated by the following formula:
有益效果:利用电子水平仪和在“十”字基座上安装的罗盘仪,建立自然标架,在此基础上,测量任意两平面所夹角度、或使任意两平面平行对正,解决了对于分离布置的大型加工/测量装置与其被加工/被测量平面之间的平行度测量难以实现的问题,能够实现两距离较远平面的平行对正,操作便捷。Beneficial effect: Use the electronic level and the compass installed on the "cross" base to establish a natural frame. The problem of parallelism measurement between a large processing/measuring device arranged separately and the plane being processed/measured is difficult to achieve, and the parallel alignment of two planes farther away can be realized, and the operation is convenient.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明自然标架下两被测平面法线n1、n2及其相应角度示意图;1 is a schematic diagram of two measured plane normals n 1 , n 2 and their corresponding angles under the natural frame of the present invention;
图2是本发明安装罗盘仪的“十”字基座及被测标架示意图;2 is a schematic diagram of a "cross" base and a measured frame on which a compass is installed in the present invention;
图3是本发明两被测标架与自然标架的空间关系建立示意图;3 is a schematic diagram of the establishment of the spatial relationship between two measured frames of the present invention and a natural frame;
图4是本发明电子水平仪放置位置示意图;4 is a schematic diagram of the placement position of the electronic level of the present invention;
图5是本发明实施例2“十”字基座与精密六面体安装结构示意图;5 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a "cross" base and a precision hexahedron according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图6是本发明实施例2精密六面体贴合面及其各基线标注示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the precision hexahedron bonding surface and its baselines in Example 2 of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
针对容易放置罗盘仪和电子水平仪的两平面,包括两水平面、相对于水平面任意小角度的两倾斜面、相对于水平面任意大角度的两倾斜面、两垂直面、相对于垂直面任意小角度的两倾斜面等:For the two planes where the compass and electronic level can be easily placed, including two horizontal planes, two inclined planes with any small angle relative to the horizontal plane, two inclined planes with any large angle relative to the horizontal plane, two vertical planes, and any small angle relative to the vertical plane. Two inclined planes, etc.:
一种两独立平面角度测量与平行对正方法,思路与原理:A method for angle measurement and parallel alignment of two independent planes, ideas and principles:
(1)若两平面平行,则两平面的法线平行,反之亦然;(1) If the two planes are parallel, the normals of the two planes are parallel, and vice versa;
(2)若两平面内的两相交直线对应平行,则两平面平行;(2) If the two intersecting lines in the two planes are correspondingly parallel, the two planes are parallel;
(3)如图1所示,两法线是否平行可以通过分别测量在自然标架{O,T,S,E}下的两被测平面相应角度来判断:(3) As shown in Figure 1, whether the two normals are parallel can be judged by measuring the corresponding angles of the two measured planes under the natural frame {O, T, S, E}:
①若两被测平面的两角度相等,即θ11=θ21,且θ12=θ22,则可判断两平面平行;①If the two angles of the two measured planes are equal, that is, θ 11 = θ 21 , and θ 12 = θ 22 , then it can be judged that the two planes are parallel;
②若两被测平面的两角度不相等,可以通过调整其法线方向使得两角度相等,进而使两平面平行。②If the two angles of the two measured planes are not equal, you can adjust the normal direction to make the two angles equal, and then make the two planes parallel.
其中:O是坐标原点、T为电子水平仪的铅垂线方向、S为罗盘仪的正南方向、E为罗盘仪的正东方向,n为被测平面的法线,θ1为n1与T的夹角,θ2为n2与T的夹角,θ11为n1与EOT平面的夹角,θ12为n1与SOT平面的夹角,θ21为n2与EOT平面的夹角,θ22为n2与SOT平面的夹角,Δ为n1与n2的夹角,即为与n1、n2相对应的两被测平面的夹角。Among them: O is the origin of the coordinates, T is the vertical line direction of the electronic level, S is the due south direction of the compass, E is the due east direction of the compass, n is the normal line of the measured plane, θ 1 is n 1 and The angle between T, θ 2 is the angle between n 2 and T, θ 11 is the angle between n 1 and the EOT plane, θ 12 is the angle between n 1 and the SOT plane, and θ 21 is the angle between n 2 and the EOT plane. Angle, θ 22 is the angle between n 2 and the SOT plane, Δ is the angle between n 1 and n 2 , that is, the angle between the two measured planes corresponding to n 1 and n 2 .
具体步骤:Specific steps:
S1.在两被测平面上分别放置带有罗盘仪的“十”字基座,建立自然标架{O,T,S,E}以及被测标架{o,h,m,n};S1. Place a "cross" base with a compass on the two measured planes, and establish a natural frame {O, T, S, E} and a measured frame {o, h, m, n};
如图2所示,所述的“十”字基座,包括具有厚度的正方形基座本体,在基座本体四角处分别设有等面积、等高度的正方形凸起部,罗盘仪设于其中一凸起部上,四个凸起部之间形成“十”字凹槽。As shown in Figure 2, the "cross"-shaped base includes a square base body with a thickness, and square protrusions of equal area and equal height are respectively provided at the four corners of the base body, and the compass is arranged therein. On a raised portion, a "cross"-shaped groove is formed between the four raised portions.
所述的被测标架{o,h,m,n},o为“十”字凹槽中心点,n为被测平面法线方向,h、m分别为“十”字凹槽正南、正东方向;The measured frame {o,h,m,n}, o is the center point of the "cross" groove, n is the normal direction of the measured plane, h, m are the south of the "cross" groove respectively , due east direction;
两被测平面为平面1和平面2,其被测标架分别为{o1,h1,m1,n1}和{o2,h2,m2,n2};The two measured planes are plane 1 and plane 2, and the measured frames are {o 1 , h 1 , m 1 , n 1 } and {o 2 , h 2 , m 2 , n 2 } respectively;
S2.建立被测标架与自然标架的空间关系;S2. Establish the spatial relationship between the measured frame and the natural frame;
使O与o1重合,建立平面1被测标架与自然标架的空间关系;使O与o2重合,建立平面2被测标架与自然标架的空间关系。Make O coincide with o 1 to establish the spatial relationship between the measured frame of plane 1 and the natural frame; make O and o 2 coincide to establish the spatial relationship between the measured frame of plane 2 and the natural frame.
S3.通过罗盘仪,测量标架角度θ13和θ23并判断θ13是否等于θ23,若不相等,则两被测标架与SOT平面所夹角度不同,通过调整“十”字基座,使标架角度θ13=θ23;S3. Through the compass, measure the frame angles θ 13 and θ 23 and judge whether θ 13 is equal to θ 23 , if not, the angles between the two measured frames and the SOT plane are different, by adjusting the "cross" base , so that the frame angle θ 13 =θ 23 ;
其中:h1与SOT平面间夹角为θ13,h2与SOT平面间夹角为θ23,Among them: the angle between h 1 and the SOT plane is θ 13 , the angle between h 2 and the SOT plane is θ 23 ,
S4.将电子水平仪置于“十”字凹槽中心点处且与m轴同一直线,测量θ11和θ21并判断二者是否相等,将电子水平仪置于“十”字凹槽中心点处且与h轴同一直线,测量θ12和θ22并判断二者是否相等,若存在不相等,则两被测平面具有所夹角度,通过调整被测平面,在保持θ13=θ23的条件下,使θ11=θ21,θ12=θ22,即,使θ11=θ21、θ12=θ22和θ13=θ23同时成立,即得到两被测平面平行。S4. Place the electronic level at the center point of the "cross" groove and on the same line as the m-axis, measure θ 11 and θ 21 and judge whether the two are equal, and place the electronic level at the center point of the "cross" groove And the same line as the h-axis, measure θ 12 and θ 22 and judge whether they are equal. If there is inequality, the two measured planes have an included angle. By adjusting the measured plane, the condition of θ 13 = θ 23 is maintained. Next, let θ 11 =θ 21 , θ 12 =θ 22 , that is, make θ 11 =θ 21 , θ 12 =θ 22 and θ 13 =θ 23 established simultaneously, that is, the two measured planes are parallel.
两被测平面所夹角度Δ通过下式计算:The angle Δ between the two measured planes is calculated by the following formula:
如图3所示,其中:θ1为n1与T的夹角,θ2为n2与T的夹角,即两被测平面相对于水平面的夹角,θ1与θ2通过下式计算:As shown in Figure 3, where: θ 1 is the angle between n 1 and T, θ 2 is the angle between n 2 and T, that is, the angle between the two measured planes relative to the horizontal plane, θ 1 and θ 2 pass the following formula calculate:
当θ11=θ12=θ21=θ22=0时,两被测平面均为水平面,所夹角度为0,即两被测平面平行。When θ 11 =θ 12 =θ 21 =θ 22 =0, the two measured planes are both horizontal planes, and the included angle is 0, that is, the two measured planes are parallel.
实施例2Example 2
针对不易放置罗盘仪和电子水平仪的两平面,以近垂直面的两被测平面平行度测量与调整为例:For the two planes where it is difficult to place the compass and electronic level, take the measurement and adjustment of the parallelism of the two measured planes near the vertical plane as an example:
近垂直面的角度测量和平行对正可以通过与之垂直的两近水平面的角度测量与平行对正实现。本实施例使用精密六面体辅助测量,具体操作:The angle measurement and parallel alignment of the near-vertical plane can be achieved by the angle measurement and parallel alignment of two near-horizontal planes perpendicular to it. This embodiment uses a precise hexahedron to assist in the measurement, and the specific operations are as follows:
①使精密六面体的某侧面Q与被测近垂直面的平面贴合,通过调整Q面同步调整被测平面;① Make a certain side Q of the precision hexahedron fit with the plane of the near-vertical plane to be measured, and adjust the plane to be measured synchronously by adjusting the Q plane;
②放置“十”字基座于精密六面体顶面P之上,并使h-h与基线B成固定角度(一般调整为平行),如图5所示;②Place the "cross" base on the top surface P of the precision hexahedron, and make h-h and the baseline B a fixed angle (generally adjusted to be parallel), as shown in Figure 5;
③通过实施例1中的步骤,可测量两个精密六面体顶面P1和P2的角度,也可以使两个顶面P1和P2实现平行对正;3. Through the steps in Embodiment 1, the angles of the top surfaces P1 and P2 of the two precision hexahedrons can be measured, and the two top surfaces P1 and P2 can also be aligned in parallel;
④如图6所示,若两精密六面体的两顶平面P1//P2,则其对应的基线平行,即B1//B2,其对应法线亦平行,即n1//n2;又在贴合的平面Q1、Q2中容易找到两对直线L11、L12,和L21、L22,使L11//n1,L21//n2,L12//B1,L22//B2,所以有:L11//L21,L12//L22。根据若两平面内的两相交直线对应平行,则两平面平行,能够得到两贴合平面Q1、Q2平行。④As shown in Figure 6, if the two top planes P1//P2 of the two precision hexahedrons, their corresponding baselines are parallel, that is, B1//B2, and their corresponding normals are also parallel, that is, n1//n2; It is easy to find two pairs of straight lines L11, L12, and L21, L22 in the plane Q1, Q2, so that L11//n1, L21//n2, L12//B1, L22//B2, so there are: L11//L21, L12 //L22. According to the fact that if the two intersecting lines in the two planes are correspondingly parallel, the two planes are parallel, and the two bonding planes Q1 and Q2 can be obtained to be parallel.
于是:能够通过测量两精密六面体顶面P1和P2的角度得到两贴合平面Q1和Q2的角度,相当于得到两被测平面的角度,也可以通过两个顶面P1和P2平行对正使得两贴合平面Q1和Q2平行对正,即两被测平面平行对正。Therefore, the angles of the two fitting planes Q1 and Q2 can be obtained by measuring the angles of the top surfaces P1 and P2 of the two precision hexahedrons, which is equivalent to obtaining the angles of the two measured planes. The two fitting planes Q1 and Q2 are aligned in parallel, that is, the two measured planes are aligned in parallel.
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. The equivalent replacement or change of the inventive concept thereof shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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