CN113310215A - 热交换器以及包括此热交换器的水加热装置 - Google Patents

热交换器以及包括此热交换器的水加热装置 Download PDF

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CN113310215A
CN113310215A CN202110179122.1A CN202110179122A CN113310215A CN 113310215 A CN113310215 A CN 113310215A CN 202110179122 A CN202110179122 A CN 202110179122A CN 113310215 A CN113310215 A CN 113310215A
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heat transfer
transfer pipe
heat
heating gas
pipe
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堀内健吾
大东健
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Noritz Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F24H1/41Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes in serpentine form
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00Details
    • F24H9/0005Details for water heaters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/14Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form
    • F24H1/145Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form using fluid fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00Details
    • F24H9/18Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1832Arrangement or mounting of combustion heating means, e.g. grates or burners
    • F24H9/1836Arrangement or mounting of combustion heating means, e.g. grates or burners using fluid fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F28D21/0005Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases for domestic or space-heating systems
    • F28D21/0007Water heaters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D7/0083Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to a supplementary heat exchange medium, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent units arranged in common flow of supplementary heat exchange medium
    • F28D7/0091Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to a supplementary heat exchange medium, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent units arranged in common flow of supplementary heat exchange medium the supplementary medium flowing in series through the units
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1615Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits being inside a casing and extending at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the casing; the conduits crossing the conduit for the other heat exchange medium
    • F28D7/1623Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits being inside a casing and extending at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the casing; the conduits crossing the conduit for the other heat exchange medium with particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. change of flow direction
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/163Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
    • F28D7/1638Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing with particular pattern of flow or the heat exchange medium flowing inside the conduits assemblies, e.g. change of flow direction from one conduit assembly to another one
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F28F1/325Fins with openings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0477Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0024Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for combustion apparatus, e.g. for boilers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

一种热交换器以及包括此热交换器的水加热装置,热交换器包括:壳体,其内部被供给加热用气体;以及多个传热管,配置于所述壳体内,并且构成为隔开间隔而排列的多个直管部经由多个曲管部一串地相连而成的蛇行状管体,且所述热交换器中,多个传热管被设定为多个直管部在与加热用气体流动方向交叉的方向上并列的姿势,在加热用气体流动方向上以多段层叠,并且被区分为分别位于加热用气体流动方向上游侧及下游侧的第一传热管及第二传热管,第二传热管与第一传热管相比,管外径及多个直管部的排列间距小。根据此种结构,能够实现整体的小型化及低成本化,并且适当地实现热交换效率的提高。

Description

热交换器以及包括此热交换器的水加热装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种从燃烧气体等加热用气体利用传热管来进行热回收的类型的热交换器、以及包括此热交换器的热水供给装置等水加热装置。
背景技术
作为水加热装置的具体例,有专利文献1中记载的装置。
所述文献中记载的水加热装置包括燃烧器与热交换器,热交换器包括:壳体,其内部被供给由所述燃烧器产生的燃烧气体;以及多个传热管,配置于所述壳体内。作为所述多个传热管,有显热回收用及潜热回收用的各自的传热管,作为所述潜热回收用的传热管,使用蛇行状管体。蛇行状管体中由于多个直管部经由多个曲管部一串地相连,因此在减少蛇行状管体的数量,并且增大用于进行来自燃烧气体的吸热的传热面积(表面积)方面优选。
但是,在所述现有技术中,如下所述那样存在应改善的余地。
即,作为热交换器,要求实现整体的小型化及低成本化,并且进一步实现热交换效率的提高。与此相对,在以前,多个传热管(蛇行状管体)只不过是设定为多个直管部在燃烧气体流动方向上并列的姿势,在与燃烧气体流动方向交叉的方向上以多段并列。因此,为了增多利用多个传热管的热回收量以提高热交换效率,不得不采用增大传热管的尺寸或者增多传热管的根数的方法。但是,若采用此种方法,则会导致热交换器整体的大型化及高成本化。
[现有技术文献]
[专利文献]
[专利文献1]日本专利特开2007-170733号公报
发明内容
[发明所要解决的问题]
本发明的目的在于提供一种热交换器及包括此热交换器的水加热装置,其能够实现整体的小型化及低成本化,并且适当地实现热交换效率的提高。
[解决问题的技术手段]
为了解决所述问题,本发明中采用了下述技术手段。
由本发明的第一方面提供的热交换器包括:壳体,其内部被供给加热用气体;以及多个传热管,配置于所述壳体内,并且构成为隔开间隔而排列的多个直管部经由多个曲管部一串地相连而成的蛇行状管体,且所述多个传热管被设定为所述多个直管部在与加热用气体流动方向交叉的方向上并列的姿势,在加热用气体流动方向上以多段层叠,并且被区分为分别位于加热用气体流动方向上游侧及下游侧的第一传热管及第二传热管,所述第二传热管与所述第一传热管相比,管外径及所述多个直管部的排列间距小。
优选为所述第一传热管及所述第二传热管分别以在加热用气体流动方向上以多段层叠的方式设置,并且在加热用气体流动方向上邻接的传热管彼此在与加热用气体流动方向交叉的方向上位置偏移。
优选为本发明的热交换器中,作为用于使加热对象流体向所述第一传热管及所述第二传热管流入及流出的部件,包括一对集管部,所述一对集管部分别具有与所述第一传热管及所述第二传热管的各自的两端部内连通的腔室,所述一对集管部兼用作所述第一传热管用的集管部及所述第二传热管用的集管部。
优选为所述第一传热管及所述第二传热管的各自的两端部间间距设为相同。
优选为本发明的热交换器还包括一次热交换部,所述一次热交换部设置于所述壳体内的比所述第一传热管及所述第二传热管更靠加热用气体流动方向上游侧,并且用于从所述加热用气体中回收显热,所述第一传热管及所述第二传热管构成从由所述一次热交换部回收显热之后的加热用气体中回收潜热的二次热交换部。
由本发明的第二方面提供的水加热装置包括:由本发明的第一方面提供的热交换器;以及加热用气体供给部件,对所述热交换器供给加热用气体。
优选为所述加热用气体供给部件包括产生作为所述加热用气体的燃烧气体的燃烧器、及使所述燃烧气体向所述热交换器行进的风扇。
本发明的其他特征及优点根据参照随附附图而在以下进行的发明的实施方式的说明来进一步明确。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的热交换器的一例的立体图。
图2是图1的分解立体图。
图3是表示使用图1的热交换器而构成的水加热装置的一例的剖面图,所述图所示的热交换器相当于图1的III-III剖面图。
图4是图3的主要部分放大剖面图。
图5是图3的V-V剖面图。
图6是图5的VI-VI剖面图。
图7A是图1~图6所示的热交换器的第一传热管的平面图,图7B是第二传热管的平面图。
图8是表示与本发明的对比例的说明图。
图9是表示本发明的另一例的主要部分剖面图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图来对本发明的优选实施方式进行具体说明。
图3所示的水加热装置WH包括产生作为加热用气体的燃烧气体的燃烧器(burner)1及热交换器HE。热交换器HE包括壳体2、配设于所述壳体2内的多个主体管3、具有多个鳍片5及传热管4的一次热交换部A1、具有多个传热管6的二次热交换部A2、以及图1所示的多个集管部Ha~Hd。
二次热交换部A2的多个传热管6是蛇行状管体,且为包括本发明的主要特征结构的部位。如后所述,多个传热管6被区分为第一传热管6A及第二传热管6B。另外,多个集管部Ha~Hd中,集管部Ha、集管部Hb用于二次热交换部A2。
燃烧器1相当于本发明所谓的加热用气体供给部件的一例,是以前已知的逆燃式。在所述燃烧器1中,使燃料气体与由风扇10供给的燃烧用空气混合而点火,由此产生的燃烧气体(加热用气体)从壳体2内的上部侧朝下供给。因此,在本实施方式中,向下方向是燃烧气体流动方向(相当于本发明中所谓的加热用气体流动方向)。
主体管3弯曲成大致Π字状,且沿着壳体2的侧壁部2b~侧壁部2d的上部内表面而以上下多段设置(也参照图1及图2),如后所述,水(相当于本发明中所谓的加热对象流体的一例)被供给至其内部而流通。由此,发挥对壳体2的多个侧壁部2b~2d的上部进行冷却的作用,而且,还进行来自燃烧气体的水加热用的吸热。壳体2的侧壁部2a的上部的冷却是通过集管部Hd来进行。关于集管部Hd将在后面叙述。
一次热交换部A1为用于从燃烧气体中回收显热的部位,且设置于比主体管3低的位置。所述一次热交换部A1是所谓的带鳍片的软管类型,且包括多个鳍片5及传热管4。多个传热管4以沿水平方向延伸的方式配置于壳体2内。各传热管4的两端部由壳体2的侧壁部2a、侧壁部2c支撑,经由弯管49及多个集管部Hc而连接成一串(也参照图5)。关于集管部Hc将在后面叙述。多个鳍片5为在各传热管4的轴长方向上并列的板状,且多个传热管4贯通而接合。
二次热交换部A2设置于壳体2内的一次热交换部A1的下方,且为作为蛇行状管体的多个传热管6在上下高度方向上层叠的结构。作为多个传热管6,参照图7A及图7B有后述的第一传热管6A及第二传热管6B此两种,这些的两端部6a、两端部6b由壳体2的侧壁部2a支撑,并且安装于集管部Ha、集管部Hb。关于集管部Ha、集管部Hb的结构也在后面叙述。
如图1中清晰地表示的那样,壳体2为上下两面部开口的大致矩形的筒状。所述壳体2包括具有侧壁部2b~侧壁部2d的俯视大致Π字状的壳体本体部20、构成侧壁部2a的内侧板24及外侧板25。
如图2中清晰地表示的那样,内侧板24以堵塞壳体本体部20的一侧面开口部的方式而接合于壳体本体部20。主体管3的端部3a~端部3d、构成传热管4的多个管体部40的一端部40a、及多个传热管6的两端部6a、两端部6b贯通且连接于所述内侧板24。外侧板25是用于通过与内侧板24的外表面侧重叠并接合而构成多个集管部Ha~Hd的构件。在所述外侧板25,设置有向壳体2的外方侧膨出的多个膨出部21a~21d作为用于构成图1所示的多个集管部Ha~Hd的膨出部。
集管部Ha、集管部Hb是二次热交换部A2的进水用及出热水用的集管部。进水用的集管部Ha为由膨出部21a及内侧板24形成腔室7a(也参照图5及图6)的部位。腔室7a与多个传热管6(6A、6B)的各自的一端部6a的内部连通。在集管部Ha设置有进水口81a及管接头部81。出热水用的集管部Hb为由膨出部21b及内侧板24形成腔室7b(参照图6)的部位。腔室7b与多个传热管6(6A、6B)的各自的另一端部6b的内部连通。在集管部Hb设置有用来连接后述的连接管体80的出热水口83。
集管部Hc(Hc1、Hc2)是发挥作为使传热管4的多个管体部40的内侧彼此连通的连通路或者水路的作用的集管部。所述集管部Hc是通过在外侧板25设置有膨出部21c而形成,在其内侧形成有与管体部40的一端部40a的内侧连通的腔室7c(也参照图5)。但是,图1所示的集管部Hc2'使下段的主体管3的一端部3a的内侧与管体部40连通。
集管部Hd是发挥作为使上段的主体管3的一端部3b与下段的主体管3的另一端部3c连通的连通路的作用的集管部。所述集管部Hd是通过在外侧板25设置膨出部21d而形成,在其内侧形成有腔室7d(也参照图5)。如图1及图2所示,膨出部21d的中途部位分支成两股状,但其有助于增大集管部Hd的面积,提高集管部Hd对侧壁部2a的冷却效果。在外侧板25还设置有用于对连接管体80的上端进行连接的开口部82。所述开口部82相当于相对于主体管3的进水口。
在热交换器HE中,对进水口81a供给自来水等的水。所述水其后如图1的箭头所示那样行进。即,被供给至进水口81a的水流入至集管部Ha后通过多个传热管6,并到达集管部Hb。其后,所述水通过连接管体80而流入至主体管3,在通过了所述主体管3之后,在传热管4中流动。此时,水除了管体部40以外,还将在多个集管部Hc或弯管49中流动,最终到达传热管4的出热水口59,并流出热水。在所述水的流通过程中,所述水经燃烧气体加热而生成热水。
以下,对二次热交换部A2的结构进一步进行详述。
如已述那样,如图7A及图7B所示,作为构成二次热交换部A2的多个传热管6,使用在一定方向上隔开间隔而排列的多个直管部60经由多个曲管部61一串地相连而成的蛇行状管体。但是,第二传热管6B的管外径Db比第一传热管6A的管外径Da小。另外,第二传热管6B的直管部60的排列间距Pb比第一传热管6A的直管部60的排列间距Pa小。两端部间间距La、间距Lb大致相同,且宽度Wa、宽度Wb也大致相同。第二传热管6B成为直管部60的数量比第一传热管6A多的结构。
所述多个传热管6(第一传热管6A及第二传热管6B)被设定成多个直管部60在水平方向(与燃烧气体流动方向交叉的方向)上并列的姿势,然后以在上下高度方向上相互接近的方式层叠(参照图3~图6)。但是,以多个第一传热管6A位于上侧(燃烧气体流动方向上游侧)区域,并且多个第二传热管6B位于其下侧区域的方式设置。
如图3及图4中清晰地表示的那样,多个第一传热管6A及第二传热管6B在上下高度方向上相互邻接的传热管彼此设为在水平方向上以相互适当的尺寸Lc、尺寸Ld位置偏移的排列(例如,交错排列)。
第一传热管6A及第二传热管6B的各自的直管部60的排列间距Pa、排列间距Pb不同。因此,第一传热管6A及第二传热管6B的各自的直管部60彼此在水平方向上位置偏移。即,第一传热管6A及第二传热管6B成为以下结构:在这些的俯视时,第二传热管6B的多个直管部60的一部分在第一传热管6A的多个直管部60彼此之间暴露。在第一传热管6A及第二传热管6B的相互间未设置遮蔽这些部分的构件。
接下来,对所述热交换器HE及包括此热交换器HE的水加热装置WH的作用进行说明。
在所述水加热装置WH中,能够利用热交换器HE从燃烧气体中回收显热及潜热,因此增多热回收量,热交换效率高,除此之外,在二次热交换部A2中,通过获得以下所述的作用,热交换器HE整体的热交换器进一步提高。
即,在图4中,第二传热管6B中由于这些直管部60的排列间距Pb小,直管部60的相互间区域的宽度也小,因此燃烧气体通过直管部60的相互间区域时的流速v变快。此处,通常燃烧气体的流速v越快,燃烧气体及传热管的热交换效率越高。因此,第二传热管6B的热交换效率因所述燃烧气体的流速的高速化而提高。
另外,设置有多个第二传热管6B的区域与设置有多个第一传热管6A的区域相比,相对于燃烧气体流动的阻力大。而且,第一传热管6A及第二传热管6B各自的直管部60彼此在水平方向上位置偏移。因此,作用于第一传热管6A的燃烧气体如图4的箭头Nb所示,容易沿着所述第一传热管6A的外周面的大致整周流动。
对这一点进行更具体说明。图8表示与本实施方式的对比例。在所述对比例中,在第一传热管6A的下方未设置成为燃烧气体流动的阻力的第二传热管6B。在所述对比例中,相对于第一传热管6A从其上方行进的燃烧气体如箭头Nc所示,无需有效地作用于第一传热管6A的下表面部69,而向比第一传热管6A更靠下方行进。
与此相对,在图4所示的本实施方式中,第二传热管6B的存在产生使燃烧气体绕入第一传热管6A的下表面部69的作用。因此,与图8的对比例相比,在本实施方式中,第一传热管6A的热交换效率也提高。
如此,根据本实施方式,能够提高第一传热管6A及第二传热管6B此两者的热交换效率,从而能够使水加热装置WH的热交换效率优异。
也能够实现热交换器HE的小型化及低成本化。即,为了增多利用二次热交换部A2的热回收量,需要一定程度上增大多个传热管6的总传热面积。与此相对,第一传热管6A中由于其管外径Da大,其表面积大,因此利用第一传热管6A,而且减少其总数,并且能够将多个传热管6的整体的传热面积设定为一定程度的面积。例如,若将多个传热管6全部设为管外径为小径,则需要使其总数相当多,从而产生大型化。另外,其零件成本及向壳体2的组装成本等制造成本增多。另一方面,若将多个传热管6全部设为管外径为大径,则无法获得之前所述的二次热交换部A2的热交换效率提高的效果,因此需要增多传热管6的总数,结果导致大型化或制造成本的上升。与此相对,根据本实施方式,消除了此种情况,可适当地实现二次热交换部A2进而热交换器HE整体的小型化或低成本化。
第一传热管6A及第二传热管6B均能够通过对一根直管状的原材料管实施弯曲加工来制造。此处,第二传热管6B中由于直管部60的排列间距Pb小,曲管部61的曲率半径小,因此,本来用于形成曲管部61的弯曲加工困难化。但是,在本实施方式中,第二传热管6B中由于其管外径Db为小径,因此曲管部61的弯曲加工容易,也不存在第二传热管6B的制造困难化的不良情况。
图9表示本发明的另一实施方式。在所述图中,对于与所述实施方式相同或类似的元件,标注与所述实施方式相同的符号,并省略重复说明。
图9所示的热交换器HEa仅设置有相当于所述二次热交换部A2的多个传热管6(第一传热管6A及第二传热管6B)作为设置于壳体2A内的多个传热管。未设置有一次热交换部A1或主体管3。
作为本发明的热交换器,也能够设为此种结构。
本发明并不限定于所述实施方式的内容。本发明的热交换器及水加热装置的各部的具体结构在本发明所意图的范围内自如地进行各种设计变更。
第一传热管及第二传热管均形成为蛇行状管体,并且它们只要处于与第一传热管相比,第二传热管的管外径更小并且直管部的排列间距小的相对关系即可。第一传热管及第二传热管的具体尺寸、直管部或曲管部的数量、材质等无限定。
第一传热管及第二传热管分别包括一个以上即可,它们的具体数量无限定。在所述实施方式中,第一传热管及第二传热管的各自的数量设为相同,但这些数量可并非相同数量,也可不同。从实现整体的小型化并且提高热交换效率的观点来看,优选使第一传热管与第二传热管的数量相同,或者使第二传热管比第一传热管多。
在所述实施方式中,设为加热用气体向下流动的逆燃式,但本发明不限于此,例如也可设为加热用气体向上流动的正燃式,或者大致水平地流动的结构。加热用气体不限定于燃烧气体,例如也可设为在热电联产系统中产生的高温的废气。本发明的热交换器也能够用于作为水加热装置的构成元件而使用的以外的其他用途。因此,加热对象流体也可设为水以外的流体。本发明的水加热装置具备对水进行加热而生成热水的功能,除了一般的热水供给装置以外,例如还可构成为洗浴热水供给装置、供暖用水加热装置、融雪用的水加热装置等。

Claims (7)

1.一种热交换器,包括:
壳体,其内部被供给加热用气体;以及
多个传热管,配置于所述壳体内,并且构成为隔开间隔而排列的多个直管部经由多个曲管部一串地相连而成的蛇行状管体,且
所述多个传热管被设定为所述多个直管部在与加热用气体流动方向交叉的方向上并列的姿势,在加热用气体流动方向上以多段层叠,并且被区分为分别位于加热用气体流动方向上游侧及下游侧的第一传热管及第二传热管,
所述第二传热管与所述第一传热管相比,管外径及所述多个直管部的排列间距小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器,其中,
所述第一传热管及所述第二传热管分别以在加热用气体流动方向上以多段层叠的方式设置,并且在加热用气体流动方向上邻接的传热管彼此在与加热用气体流动方向交叉的方向上位置偏移。
3.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器,其中,
作为用于使加热对象流体向所述第一传热管及所述第二传热管流入及流出的部件,
包括一对集管部,所述一对集管部分别具有与所述第一传热管及所述第二传热管的各自的两端部内连通的腔室,
所述一对集管部兼用作所述第一传热管用的集管部及所述第二传热管用的集管部。
4.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器,其中,
所述第一传热管及所述第二传热管的各自的两端部间间距设为相同。
5.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器,还包括一次热交换部,
所述一次热交换部设置于所述壳体内的比所述第一传热管及所述第二传热管更靠加热用气体流动方向上游侧,并且用于从所述加热用气体中回收显热,
所述第一传热管及所述第二传热管构成从由所述一次热交换部回收显热之后的加热用气体中回收潜热的二次热交换部。
6.一种水加热装置,包括:
如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的热交换器;以及
加热用气体供给部件,对所述热交换器供给加热用气体。
7.根据权利要求6所述的水加热装置,其中,
所述加热用气体供给部件包括产生作为所述加热用气体的燃烧气体的燃烧器、及使所述燃烧气体向所述热交换器行进的风扇。
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