CN113307613B - 一种钢包盖浇注料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种钢包盖浇注料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113307613B
CN113307613B CN202110312086.1A CN202110312086A CN113307613B CN 113307613 B CN113307613 B CN 113307613B CN 202110312086 A CN202110312086 A CN 202110312086A CN 113307613 B CN113307613 B CN 113307613B
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邹龙
唐树平
孔勇江
叶途明
钱龙
刘孟
叶飞
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Wuhan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种钢包盖浇注料，包括主料和外加剂，其中主料中各组分及其所占质量百分比包括：烧结莫来石10～55％，莫来石空心球10～55％，蓝晶石1～5％，电熔镁砂粉6～15％，烧结尖晶石颗粒1～10％，超细尖晶石微粉1～5％，活性氧化铝粉3～10％，铝酸钙水泥3～7％，硅微粉0～2％。本发明所得钢包盖浇注料可有效兼顾高强度、低热导率和高抗热震性等性能，有效提升其使用寿命并进一步降低转炉出钢钢水温度，具有显著的经济和能耗效益。

Description

一种钢包盖浇注料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料技术领域，具体涉及一种钢包盖浇注料及其制备方法。
背景技术
钢包是处于炼钢和连铸之间直接存放钢水的高温容器，是炼钢工艺过程中的重要设备。钢包全程加盖对钢包的热状态及盛钢期间钢水温度的影响作用较大，这是因为钢包在空包期间的散热时间长，在这期间若对钢包加上盖，则大大减少炽热的钢包内表面直接对外部的辐射散热损失，从而明显减少钢包在出钢期间和盛钢期间对钢水的蓄热损失，能有效降低转炉钢水出钢温度。而钢包盖的保温性能和寿命是两个比较关键的指标，钢包盖保温性能好能更有效降低钢水温度，从而降低生产成本，钢包盖的寿命提高则能提升钢包盖及钢包的周转率。
钢包盖是整个系统的功能核心，由设备钢结构和相关机构组成。设备钢结构包括钢包盖框架本体、壳体面板、壳体圈板、加强筋板和耐火材料锚固件和耐材，耐材通过锚固件与钢结构相连，因此，锚固件的布置、耐材的性能都直接影响到钢包盖的寿命。钢包盖频繁的加盖、揭盖操作以及钢水温度场形成的热应力，都是钢包盖产生形变的主要原因，此外，钢包盖在加盖、揭盖过程中有较大的温差，这需要钢包盖耐火材料有较好的抗热震性能。
目前钢包盖采用的耐材主要分为两种，一种是普通高铝浇注料，具有较好的强度和抗热震性能，放弃了保温性能，使用寿命高，但密度大重量高，在运吊过程中需要消耗更多的能量；一种是轻质保温浇注料，其导热系数低，保温性能好，但相对而言强度和抗热震性能要低，使用寿命也远低于前一种。专利CN10920582公开了一种钢包保温浇注料及其应用，采用莫来石、焦宝石、红柱石做骨料，黏土粉、菱镁矿细粉、氧化铝微粉、硅微粉做基质，可用于钢包永久层、炉衬和包盖，但其中未涉及到材料的抗热震性能的提升；徐超等(高铝空心球轻质浇注料的硏制试验)公开了一种高铝空心球轻质浇注料的硏制试验，研究了经热处理后高铝空心球的致密度、强度和物相组成，然后分别以质量分数为30％、35％、40％、45％的高铝空心球为骨料制备轻质浇注料，研究空心球加入量对轻质浇注料性能的影响，不涉及浇注料抗渣性能及保温性能的提升。进一步研究开发高强度、低热导率并具有较好抗热震性能的轻质保温浇注料是当前的发展趋势。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于针对现有技术存在的不足，提供一种钢包盖浇注料，它可有效兼顾高强度、低热导率和高抗热震性等性能，有效提升其使用寿命并进一步降低转炉出钢钢水温度，具有显著的经济和能耗效益。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种钢包盖浇注料，包括主料和外加剂，其中主料中各组分及其所占质量百分比包括：烧结莫来石10～55％，莫来石空心球10～55％，蓝晶石1～5％，电熔镁砂粉5～12％，烧结尖晶石颗粒1～10％，超细尖晶石微粉1～5％，活性氧化铝粉3～10％，铝酸钙水泥3～7％，硅微粉0～2％。
优选的，所述主料中各组分及其所占质量百分比包括：烧结莫来石15～25％，莫来石空心球40～55％，电熔镁砂粉10～12％，活性氧化铝粉8～10％(更优选为9～10％)。
上述方案中，所述烧结莫来石中各种粒级颗粒所占质量百分比为：8＜粒度≤15mm10～30％；5＜粒度≤8mm 5～30％；3＜粒度≤5mm 5～30％；1＜粒度≤3mm 10～20％；0.1＜粒度≤1mm 5～20％；粒度≤0.01mm 5～30％。
上述方案中，所述莫来石空心球中各种粒级颗粒所占质量百分比为：3＜粒度≤5mm10～40％；2＜粒度≤3mm 10～40％；1＜粒度≤2mm 10～40％；0.2＜粒度≤1mm 10～30％。
上述方案中，所述蓝晶石的粒度为0.355～0.088mm。
上述方案中，所述电熔镁砂的粒度≤0.1mm。
上述方案中，所述烧结尖晶石颗粒的粒度为0～1mm；所述超细尖晶石微粉的粒度为≤25μm。
上述方案中，所述活性氧化铝粉的粒度≤0.1mm.
上述方案中，所述铝酸钙水泥可选用CA-75等。
上述方案中，所述硅微粉的纯度为99％以上，325目。
上述方案中，所述外加剂包括减水剂和防爆有机纤维，其中，所述减水剂用量为主料用量的0.5～1％；防爆有机纤维用量为主料用量的0.01～0.15％。
上述方案中，所述减水剂采用FDN减水剂。
优选地，所述防爆有机纤维为聚丙烯纤维或聚乙烯纤维中的一种或两种。
上述一种钢包盖浇注料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：按配比称取各原料，将称取的骨料和基质粉料混匀，然后加入外加剂混匀，再加入占所得混合料用量3～5％的水，搅拌，搅拌过程中插入振动棒振动以利于排气，浇注成型、养护、热处理，制备得到钢包盖浇注料。
本发明的原理为：
本发明利用莫来石优良的抗热震性能、硬度大、膨胀均匀等特性，加入一定量的莫来石空心球有效降低浇注料的自重，降低结构热应力，提高抗热震性，降低材料热导率；引入一定量的蓝晶石可有效控制浇注料在高温下的收缩，控制其线膨胀率；采用电熔镁砂粉、超细的尖晶石微粉、活性氧化铝粉、硅微粉及铝酸钙水泥组成浇注料基质，其中，引入的电熔镁砂细粉能与氧化铝反应原位生成镁铝尖晶石，在浇注料内部形成微裂纹从而提高浇注料的抗热震性，并通过控制加入的烧结尖晶石颗粒与超细尖晶石微粉的含量来控制浇注料中尖晶石的总含量，同时引入的部分镁砂可与莫来石固溶，同步提升所得浇注料的力学性能(保证加盖揭盖过程中的抗物理冲击性等)；采用FDN减水剂、防爆有机纤维作为外加剂，FDN减水剂具有优异减水有助提高材料整体强度作用，防爆有机纤维具有利于水分排出预防材料局部爆裂作用；通过严格控制所述莫来石、莫来石空心球、蓝晶石及各种细粉的总重量百分比，形成连续颗粒紧密堆积，最大实现浇注料的致密化，使浇注料可有效兼顾较高的常温强度、较低的热导率及较好的抗热震性能，有效增加钢包盖的使用寿命，增强钢包盖的保温性能。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
1)本发明所得钢包盖浇注料可有效兼顾低热导率、高抗热震性和较高强度等特性，有效解决现有钢包盖浇注料普遍存在的抗热震性不够、经常出现裂纹导致局部剥落等问题；且涉及的制备方法简单，适合推广应用；
2)利用所述浇注料所得钢包盖能起到保温作用，减少钢水温降，据不完全数据统计，钢包全程加盖后能降低转炉出钢钢水温度10到15度，若配合本发明使用，预计能额外降低转炉出钢钢水温度0.3度。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明，下面结合实施例进行进一步阐明本发明的内容，但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
以下实施例中，采用的所述蓝晶石的粒度为0.355～0.088mm；电熔镁砂的粒度≤0.1mm；烧结尖晶石颗粒的粒度为0～1mm；超细尖晶石微粉的粒度为≤25μm；活性氧化铝粉的粒度≤0.1mm；所述铝酸钙水泥为CA-75；所述硅微粉的纯度为99％，325目；采用的防爆有机纤维为聚丙烯防爆纤维。
以下实施例中，参考YB/T 5200-1993测试材料的显气孔率和体积密度；参考YB/T5201-1993测试材料的常温抗折强度和耐压强度；参考YB/T 5203-1993测试材料的线变化率；参考YB/T 4130-2005测试材料的导热系数；参考采用YB/T376.1-1995测试材料的抗热震性，水冷5次后测试试样抗折强度，从而计算出试样的强度保持率；均测试3条试样取平均值。
实施例1
一种钢包盖浇注料，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)按配比称取各原料，各主料及其所占质量百分比包括：莫来石28％(其中8-15mm占25％，5-8mm占10％，3-5mm占15％，1-3mm占10％，0-1mm占10％，粒度≤0.01mm占30％)，莫来石空心球45％(其中3-5mm占35％，2-3mm占20％，1-2mm占25％，0.2-1mm占20％)，蓝晶石1％，电熔镁砂粉6％，烧结尖晶石颗粒5％，超细尖晶石微粉5％，活性氧化铝粉4％，铝酸钙水泥5％，硅微粉1％；外加FDN减水剂0.5％(占主料总量的百分比，下同)，外加防爆有机纤维0.1％(占主料总量的百分比，下同)；
2)将称取的骨料和基质材料混匀，然后加入FDN减水剂和防爆有机纤维混匀，混匀后加入混合料总量重量百分比的5％的水搅拌，搅拌过程中插入振动棒振动以利于排气，将浇注料制成40×40×160mm的条状试样，养护后(湿毛巾搭盖后自然养护24小时)，于110℃下保温24小时进行热处理，制备得到钢包盖浇注料。
实施例2
一种钢包盖浇注料，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)按配比称取各原料，各主料及其所占质量百分比包括：莫来石47％(其中8-15mm占20％，5-8mm占20％，3-5mm占10％，1-3mm占10％，0-1mm占10％，粒度≤0.01mm占30％)，莫来石空心球25％(其中3-5mm占30％，2-3mm占15％，1-2mm占30％，0.2-1mm占25％)，蓝晶石1％，电熔镁砂粉8％，烧结尖晶石颗粒5％，超细尖晶石微粉3％，活性氧化铝粉6％，铝酸钙水泥4％，硅微粉1％；外加FDN减水剂0.5％，外加防爆有机纤维0.15％；
2)将称取的骨料和基质材料混匀，然后加入FDN减水剂和防爆有机纤维混匀，混匀后加入混合料总量重量百分比的5％的水搅拌，搅拌过程中插入振动棒振动以利于排气，将浇注料制成40×40×160mm的条状试样，经混料、搅拌、成型、养护后(湿毛巾搭盖后自然养护24小时)，于110℃下保温24小时进行热处理，制备得到钢包盖浇注料。
实施例3
一种钢包盖浇注料，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)按配比称取各原料，各主料及其所占质量百分比包括：莫来石20％(其中8-15mm15％，5-8mm 30％，3-5mm 15％，1-3mm 10％，0-1mm 10％，粒度≤0.01mm 20％)，莫来石空心球52％(其中3-5mm 30％，2-3mm 15％，1-2mm占30％，0.2-1mm 25％)，蓝晶石2％，电熔镁砂粉9％，烧结尖晶石颗粒3％，超细尖晶石微粉2％，活性氧化铝粉6％，铝酸钙水泥5％，硅微粉1％；外加FDN减水剂0.6％，外加防爆有机纤维0.15％；
2)将称取的骨料和基质材料混匀，然后加入FDN减水剂和防爆有机纤维混匀，混匀后加入混合料总量重量百分比的4.8％的水搅拌，搅拌过程中插入振动棒振动以利于排气，将浇注料制成40×40×160mm的条状试样，养护后(湿毛巾搭盖后自然养护24小时)，于110℃下保温24小时进行热处理，制备得到钢包盖浇注料。
实施例4
一种钢包盖浇注料，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)按配比称取各原料，各主料及其所占质量百分比包括：莫来石37％(其中8-15mm20％，5-8mm 20％，3-5mm 15％，1-3mm 10％，0-1mm 10％，粒度≤0.01mm 25％)，莫来石空心球30％(其中3-5mm 35％，2-3mm 15％，1-2mm 25％，0.2-1mm 25％)，蓝晶石2％，电熔镁砂粉10％，烧结尖晶石颗粒4％，超细尖晶石微粉3％，活性氧化铝粉8％，铝酸钙水泥4％，硅微粉2％；外加FDN减水剂0.5％，外加防爆有机纤维0.15％；
2)将称取的骨料和基质材料混匀，然后加入FDN减水剂和防爆有机纤维混匀，混匀后加入混合料总量重量百分比的5％的水搅拌，搅拌过程中插入振动棒振动以利于排气，将浇注料制成40×40×160mm的条状试样，养护后(湿毛巾搭盖后自然养护24小时)，于110℃下保温24小时进行热处理，制备得到钢包盖浇注料。
实施例5
一种钢包盖浇注料，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)按配比称取各原料，各主料及其所占质量百分比包括：莫来石16％(其中8-15mm20％，5-8mm 20％，3-5mm 15％，1-3mm 10％，0-1mm 10％，粒度≤0.01mm 25％)，莫来石空心球55％(其中3-5mm 30％，2-3mm 15％，1-2mm 30％，0.2-1mm 25％)，蓝晶石2％，电熔镁砂粉8％，烧结尖晶石颗粒5％，超细尖晶石微粉2％，活性氧化铝粉6％，铝酸钙水泥5％，硅微粉1％；外加FDN减水剂0.5％，外加防爆有机纤维0.15％；
2)将称取的骨料和基质材料混匀，然后加入FDN减水剂和防爆有机纤维混匀，混匀后加入混合料总量重量百分比的4.5％的水搅拌，搅拌过程中插入振动棒振动以利于排气，将浇注料制成40×40×160mm的条状试样，养护后(湿毛巾搭盖后自然养护24小时)，于110℃下保温24小时进行热处理，制备得到钢包盖浇注料。
实施例6
一种钢包盖浇注料，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)按配比称取各原料，各主料及其所占质量百分比包括：莫来石22％(其中8-15mm15％，5-8mm 25％，3-5mm 10％，1-3mm 10％，0-1mm 10％，粒度≤0.01mm 30％)，莫来石空心球42％(其中3-5mm 30％，2-3mm 15％，1-2mm 30％，0.2-1mm 25％)，蓝晶石1％，电熔镁砂粉12％，烧结尖晶颗粒5％，超细尖晶石微粉3％，活性氧化铝粉10％，铝酸钙水泥4％，硅微粉1％；外加FDN减水剂0.5％，外加防爆有机纤维0.15％；
2)将称取的骨料和基质材料混匀，然后加入FDN减水剂和防爆有机纤维混匀，混匀后加入混合料总量重量百分比的4％的水搅拌，搅拌过程中插入振动棒振动以利于排气，将浇注料制成40×40×160mm的条状试样，养护后，(湿毛巾搭盖后自然养护24小时)于110℃下保温24小时进行热处理，制备得到钢包盖浇注料。
实施例7
一种钢包盖浇注料，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)按配比称取各原料，各主料及其所占质量百分比包括：莫来石20％(其中8-15mm15％，5-8mm 25％，3-5mm 10％，1-3mm 10％，0-1mm 10％，粒度≤0.01mm 30％)，莫来石空心球45％(其中3-5mm 30％，2-3mm 15％，1-2mm 30％，0.2-1mm 25％)，蓝晶石1％，电熔镁砂粉11％，烧结尖晶颗粒6％，超细尖晶石微粉3％，活性氧化铝粉9％，铝酸钙水泥4％，硅微粉1％；外加FDN减水剂0.5％，外加防爆有机纤维0.15％；
2)将称取的骨料和基质材料混匀，然后加入FDN减水剂和防爆有机纤维混匀，混匀后加入混合料总量重量百分比的4％的水搅拌，搅拌过程中插入振动棒振动以利于排气，将浇注料制成40×40×160mm的条状试样，养护后，(湿毛巾搭盖后自然养护24小时)于110℃下保温24小时进行热处理，制备得到钢包盖浇注料。
将实施例1～6所得钢包盖浇注料进行强度、热导率和抗热震性测试，结果见表1。
表1实施例1～6所得钢包盖浇注料的性能测试结果
Figure BDA0002990204700000061
上述结果表明，按本发明所得钢包盖保温浇注料，其线变化率均小于0.5％，其膨胀收缩性不大，利于施工；其常温抗折强度和耐压强度较高，更能适应恶劣的环境；与普通刚玉浇注料相比，可显著降低导热系数(常规刚玉浇注料为1.8-2.0W/(m·K))，水冷5次后的强度保持率也较高，超过80％；尤其实施例7所得浇注料的导热系数可达0.61，水冷5次后强度保持率高达90％，具有优异的保温性能和热震稳定性，同时可保证较好的力学性能，显著提升钢包盖浇注料的使用性能。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种钢包盖浇注料，包括主料和外加剂，其特征在于，主料中各组分及其所占质量百分比包括：烧结莫来石15～25％，莫来石空心球40～55％，蓝晶石1～5％，电熔镁砂粉10～12％，烧结尖晶石颗粒1～10％，超细尖晶石微粉1～5％，活性氧化铝粉8～10％，铝酸钙水泥3～7％，硅微粉0～2％；
所述烧结莫来石中各种粒级颗粒所占质量百分比为：8＜粒度≤15mm 10～30％，5＜粒度≤8mm 5～30％，3＜粒度≤5mm 5～30％，1＜粒度≤3mm 10～20％，0.1＜粒度≤1mm 5～20％，粒度≤0.01mm 5～30％；
所述莫来石空心球中各种粒级颗粒所占质量百分比为：3＜粒度≤5mm 10～40％，2＜粒度≤3mm 10～40％，1＜粒度≤2mm 10～40％，0.2＜粒度≤1mm 10～30％；
所述蓝晶石的粒度为0.355～0.088mm；
所述外加剂包括减水剂和防爆有机纤维，其中，减水剂用量为主料用量的0.5～1％；防爆有机纤维用量为主料用量的0.01～0.15％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钢包盖浇注料，其特征在于，所述电熔镁砂的粒度≤0.1mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的钢包盖浇注料，其特征在于，所述烧结尖晶石颗粒的粒度为0～1mm；所述超细尖晶石微粉的粒度为≤25μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的钢包盖浇注料，其特征在于，所述活性氧化铝粉的粒度≤0.1mm；所述铝酸钙水泥为CA-75；所述硅微粉的纯度为99％。
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