CN113300623A - 一种t型三电平逆变器共模电压及中性点电压平衡控制方法 - Google Patents

一种t型三电平逆变器共模电压及中性点电压平衡控制方法 Download PDF

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CN113300623A
CN113300623A CN202110554308.0A CN202110554308A CN113300623A CN 113300623 A CN113300623 A CN 113300623A CN 202110554308 A CN202110554308 A CN 202110554308A CN 113300623 A CN113300623 A CN 113300623A
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丁少云
邹海荣
潘三博
李琴
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Shanghai Dianji University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487Neutral point clamped inverters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53875Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种T型三电平逆变器共模电压及中性点电压平衡控制方法,首先将T型三电平逆变器的三相空间矢量划分为六大扇区,并将各矢量按照幅值大小分类为大矢量、中矢量、小矢量和零矢量,随后选用六个中矢量、一个零矢量和六个虚拟小矢量作为新型虚拟矢量调制策略的基础矢量,利用所述新型虚拟矢量重新将三相空间矢量划分为十二个扇区,并采用五段式对称发波,将整体计算建立在60°坐标系中。与现有技术相比,本发明具有简化抑制共模电压的实现难度、对中性点的电压波动具有较好的抑制作用,且整体的计算量较少等优点。

Description

一种T型三电平逆变器共模电压及中性点电压平衡控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及逆变器调制技术领域,尤其是涉及一种T型三电平逆变器共模电压及中性点电压平衡控制方法。
背景技术
T型三电平逆变器是一种新颖的钳位型拓扑,该电路具有使用器件少、损耗均匀、运行效率高等优点。在大功率的场合下应用较广。但是由于电容的制作工艺有限、电网电压的波动等一系列不可避免的问题,导致了中点电压波动和共模电压的产生。中点电压的波动会导致并网电压的波形发生畸变,谐波含量大增;共模电压过高容易造成安全性事件。为此,这两个问题能否得到妥善解决是T型三电平逆变器广泛使用的关键之处。
T型三电平逆变器存在中性点电压波动和共模电压等问题,严重影响了其安全性并且降低了输出电压质量。针对T型三电平逆变器的中点电压波动和共模电压较高问题,国内外的学者提出了很多调制策略。其中提出的调制策略主要集中在基础矢量的合成选取上。现有的调制策略主要分为传统的SVPWM、零共模调制策略和基于构建虚拟合成矢量的控制方式。
传统的SVPWM控制策略使用了所有基本矢量,包括大量的高共模矢量和中性点电流不可控矢量;传统的零共模调制策略采用六个中矢量和一个零矢量作为基本合成矢量,它们均存在对中点电压波动控制效果较差的问题。而其他基于虚拟合成矢量的调制策略存在基础矢量选择和计算过程复杂,且控制效果一般等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种T型三电平逆变器共模电压及中性点电压平衡控制方法,该方法基于六个中矢量,一个零矢量和六个虚拟小矢量进行调制,可实现对中点电位波动控制效果较好的同时,仍具有一定共模电压抑制的作用,且避免了大量的三角函数运算过程,缩短运行时间。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种T型三电平逆变器共模电压及中性点电压平衡控制方法,首先将T型三电平逆变器的三相空间矢量划分为六大扇区,并将各矢量按照幅值大小分类为大矢量、中矢量、小矢量和零矢量,随后选用六个中矢量、一个零矢量和六个虚拟小矢量构成新型虚拟矢量调制策略的基础矢量,利用所述新型虚拟矢量重新将三相空间矢量划分为十二个扇区,并采用五段式对称发波。该方法的整体计算建立于60度坐标系中。
所述大矢量的幅值为2Udc/3,所述中矢量的幅值为
Figure BDA0003076562720000021
所述小矢量的幅值为Udc/3,所述零矢量的幅值为零,Udc为直流侧电压值。
所述虚拟小矢量包括一个大矢量和一个零矢量。
在一个采样周期中,以零矢量为起始矢量进行五段式发波。
本发明提供的T型三电平逆变器共模电压及中性点电压平衡控制方法,相较于现有技术至少包括如下有益效果:
1)本发明舍弃高共模矢量,采用零共模和合成低共模零中性点电流的虚拟小矢量作为基本合成矢量,虚拟小矢量由一个大矢量和一个零矢量和成,其具有低共模电压和零中性点电流的特点,通过将扇区重新划分为12个大扇区,采用六个零共模电压的中矢量、一个零矢量和六个虚拟小矢量,即相比于传统的零共模调制策略发波不对称的情况,本发明采用五段式对称发波,大大简化了抑制共模电压的实现难度,有助于缩短运行时间;
2)本发明采用六个零共模电压的中矢量、一个零矢量和六个虚拟小矢量的同时采用了60度坐标系,在简化计算上面的优势更为明显,避免了大量的三角函数运算,在实现低共模电压的同时,对中性点的电压波动具有较好的抑制作用。
附图说明
图1为实施例中T型三电平逆变器拓扑结构示意图;
图2为实施例中T型三电平逆变器的空间矢量状态图;
图3为实施例中采用本发明方法的扇区划分12份后的空间矢量示意图;
图4为实施例中的中点电压波动图;
图5为实施例中的共模电压图;
图6为实施例中直角坐标系下的第一大扇区;
图7为实施例中60度坐标系下的第一大扇区。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例
本发明涉及一种T型三电平逆变器共模电压及中性点电压平衡控制方法,T型三电平逆变器的拓扑结构如图1所示(共发射极),其每一相具有四个开关管,其输出电压与开关管之间的关系如表1所示。表1中:1表示开关管开通,0表示开关管关断。
表1 a相输出电压与器件导通关系
Figure BDA0003076562720000031
由于T型三电平逆变器每相都可以输出P、O、N三种电平状态,所以三相一共有27种状态组合,对应着27个基本空间电压矢量。在αβ坐标系上根据基本空间电压矢量与α轴的夹角,将其分为6个大扇区,T型三电平逆变器的空间矢量状态如图2所示。
图2中一共有27个基本空间电压矢量状态,按照矢量的幅值可分成大矢量、中矢量、小矢量和零矢量,其中幅值为0的为零矢量,幅值为Udc/3的为小矢量,幅值为
Figure BDA0003076562720000032
的为中矢量,幅值为2Udc/3的为大矢量。Udc为直流侧电压值。
T型三电平逆变器的共模电压定义为o点与n点之间的电压,如图1所示,假设电路三相对称,CMV(Common Mode Voltage,共模电压)可由以下方程导出:
Figure BDA0003076562720000041
Figure BDA0003076562720000042
Figure BDA0003076562720000043
式中,UAO、UBO、UCO分别为输出相电压,Li和Lg分别为滤波电感的感值,iA、iB、iC分别为逆变器输出相电流,ia、ib、ic分别为并网电流,Uga、Ugb、Ugc分别为A、B、C三相电压值,Uno为共模电压值。由于电路三相对称,则有:
Figure BDA0003076562720000044
同时CMV取决于T型三电平逆变器的开关状态,可以通过以下开关函数来决定。
Figure BDA0003076562720000045
式中:Uno为共模电压值,Udc为直流侧电压值,SA、SB、SC分别为开关函数,定义如下所示:
Figure BDA0003076562720000046
由上式可以得到,CMV的大小与开关状态关系密切,具体关系如下表2所示,其中零矢量(OOO)和6个中矢量产生的共模电压为0。
表2按开关状态计算的共模电压
Figure BDA0003076562720000047
同时,逆变器输出中点电压时,必有电流流进、流出中点,使得电容C1、C2充电或放电。中点电流的表达式如下所示:
io=i1-i2
Figure BDA0003076562720000051
Figure BDA0003076562720000052
其中,C1、C2分布为上臂电容C1和下臂电容C2的电容大小,i1和i2分别为流入上臂电容C1和下臂电容C2的电流,io为中性点电流。当C1=C2=C时,C为一个常数,为电容数值,有:
Figure BDA0003076562720000053
各个矢量对中点电压的影响主要体现在对中点电流的影响。27个矢量分类与相对应产生的中点电流如下表3所示:
表3空间矢量状态分类
Figure BDA0003076562720000054
由上表可得,大矢量和零矢量不会产生中点电流,小矢量和中矢量均会产生中点电流,从而得出影响T型三电平逆变器中点电位主要矢量为小矢量和中矢量。
本发明方法选用六个中矢量,一个零矢量和六个虚拟小矢量构成的新型虚拟矢量调制策略,将扇区重新划分成12个,其中每个新的虚拟小矢量由一个大矢量和一个零矢量构成。同时将整体计算建立于60度坐标系中,避免进行大量的三角函数运算,使得整个运算过程的计算量大为简化。根据现有的文献资料可整理得出具体原理如下:
在90°坐标系中,以图2中的第一大扇区中的第五小扇区为例,三电平基本矢量空间图如图6所示,图6中各点坐标如下:
O(0,0)、A(Udc/3,0)、
Figure BDA0003076562720000055
C(2Udc/3,0)、
Figure BDA0003076562720000056
Figure BDA0003076562720000057
计算基础电压矢量作用时间的公式如下:
Figure BDA0003076562720000061
T1+T2+T3=Ts
其中:
Figure BDA0003076562720000062
解得:
Figure BDA0003076562720000063
式中,
Figure BDA0003076562720000064
为合成参考矢量的基础矢量,
Figure BDA0003076562720000065
为参考电压矢量,Ts为采样周期,
Figure BDA0003076562720000066
为参考矢量在直角坐标系两个坐标轴上面的分量,θ为参考矢量与α轴之间的夹角,T1、T2、T3分别为POO、PON、PNN三个基础矢量的作用时间。从计算结果可知,此坐标系下,计算每个扇区里面基础矢量作用时间数值需要进行大量的三角函数运算。
采用60°坐标系,同样以大扇区1中的第五小扇区为例。参考已有文献资料,可总结其原理如下图7所示,图7中各点坐标为:O(0,0)、A(1,0)、B(0,1)、C(2,0)、D(1,1)、E(0,2)。
计算电压矢量作用时间的公式如下:
Figure BDA0003076562720000067
式中,T1、T2、T3分别代表基本电压矢量
Figure BDA0003076562720000068
的作用时间以及开关周期,
Figure BDA0003076562720000069
为参考矢量。将U1(1,0)、U2(2,0)、U3(1,1),Uref(g,h)代入上式中,解得:
Figure BDA00030765627200000610
从计算结果中可以看出,60°坐标系下的基本矢量作用时间相较于90°坐标系下的,少了三角函数和除法运算。在本优化算法中,采用60°坐标系亦可达到简化计算的效果。
如图3所示,以大扇区1为例,虚拟小矢量的合成为:
Figure BDA0003076562720000071
参考矢量在扇区1中的合成矢量为(0,0)、(1,0)和(1,1)。
以参考矢量Uref位于扇区1为例,选择虚拟小矢量U(1,0)、中矢量U(1,1)和零矢量U(0,0)作为合成矢量,作用时间的计算如下所示:
(1,0)t1+(1,1)t2+(0,0)t3=(g,h)Ts
t1+t2+t3=Ts
其中,t1、t2、t3分别为(1,0)、(1,1)、(0,0)的作用时间,其数值均在0和1之间,Ts为采样周期,g,h分别为参考矢量在60°坐标系的坐标轴上的分量。设扇区1中的3个基本矢量的作用时间分别为T1(PNN)、T2(OOO)、T3(PON)。其计算值分别为:
T(PNN)=t1;T(OOO)=t3+t1;T(PON)=t2
12个扇区中,每个扇区中作用的基础矢量个数为3个,因此采用五段式对称发波,以1扇区为例,作用矢量为(0,0),(1,1),(2,0),在一个采样周期Ts中,以零矢量(0,0)为起始矢量,发波顺序依次为(0,0)-(1,1)-(2,0)-(1,1)-(0,0)。其他扇区的发波顺序如下所示:
2扇区:(0,0)-(1,1)-(0,2)-(1,1)-(0,0)
3扇区:(0,0)-(-1,2)-(0,2)-(-1,2)-(0,0)
4扇区:(0,0)-(-1,2)-(-2,2)-(-1,2)-(0,0)
5扇区:(0,0)-(-2,1)-(-2,2)-(-2,1)-(0,0)
6扇区:(0,0)-(-2,1)-(-2,0)-(-2,1)-(0,0)
7扇区:(0,0)-(-1,-1)-(-2,0)-(-1,-1)-(0,0)
8扇区:(0,0)-(-1,-1)-(0,-2)-(-1,-1)-(0,0)
9扇区:(0,0)-(1,-2)-(0,-2)-(1,-2)-(0,0)
10扇区:(0,0)-(1,-2)-(2,-2)-(1,-2)-(0,0)
11扇区:(0,0)-(2,-1)-(2,-2)-(2,-1)-(0,0)
12扇区:(0,0)-(2,-1)-(2,0)-(2,-1)-(0,0)
本实施例在Simulink中搭建仿真验证了本发明方法具有较好的实验波形。具体参数如下:直流环节电压400V,电容C1=C2=1.36mF,Li=5mH,Lg=5mH,Cf=0.1mF,输出频率f0=50HZ。得到的中点电压波动图和共模电压图如图4、5所示。可知在中点电压图中显示的中点电压波动基本趋于稳定,且波动幅度较小。与此同时,共模电压值的取值范围为±Udc/6左右,效果较好。
本发明方法采用的六个基础中矢量和零矢量均不产生共模电压,六个虚拟小矢量均由对中点电位不产生影响的大矢量和零矢量合成,且合成的虚拟小矢量所产生的共模电压绝对值也小于Udc/3。舍弃了高共模电压矢量的同时采用了低共模零中性点电流矢量,对扇区重新划分,并采用60度坐标系,使得在计算过程中避免了大量的三角函数运算。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的工作人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换,这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (5)

1.一种T型三电平逆变器共模电压及中性点电压平衡控制方法,其特征在于,首先将T型三电平逆变器的三相空间矢量划分为六大扇区,并将各矢量按照幅值大小分类为大矢量、中矢量、小矢量和零矢量,随后选用六个中矢量、一个零矢量和六个虚拟小矢量构成新型虚拟矢量,利用所述新型虚拟矢量重新将三相空间矢量划分为十二个扇区,并采用五段式对称发波。
2.根据权利要求1所述的T型三电平逆变器共模电压及中性点电压平衡控制方法,其特征在于,所述大矢量的幅值为2Udc/3,所述中矢量的幅值为
Figure FDA0003076562710000011
所述小矢量的幅值为Udc/3,所述零矢量的幅值为零,Udc为直流侧电压值。
3.根据权利要求1所述的T型三电平逆变器共模电压及中性点电压平衡控制方法,其特征在于,该方法的整体计算建立于60度坐标系中。
4.根据权利要求2所述的T型三电平逆变器共模电压及中性点电压平衡控制方法,其特征在于,所述虚拟小矢量包括一个大矢量和一个零矢量。
5.根据权利要求1所述的T型三电平逆变器共模电压及中性点电压平衡控制方法,其特征在于,在一个采样周期中,以零矢量为起始矢量进行五段式发波。
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