CN113295765A - Method for detecting grouting defect of pore - Google Patents
Method for detecting grouting defect of pore Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting grouting defects of a pore, S1, taking a position line subjected to parallel offset by taking a pipeline central line of a tested prestressed concrete beam as a reference as an offset test line, and S2, acquiring a mixed fluctuation signal by using a signal pickup device; s3, processing the mixed fluctuation signal into an original waveform diagram; s4, converting the original waveform into an MEM power spectrogram; s5, converting the MEM power spectrogram into a chromatogram TU 1; s6, determining a standard time numerical line of defect judgment in the chromatogram TU 1; s7, positioning and judging the grouting compactness: if the 'bottom reflection occurrence time range' corresponding to each fluctuation measuring point position in the chromatogram TU1 is overlapped with the standard time numerical line of defect judgment, judging that the grouting at the fluctuation measuring point position is compact; and if the 'bottom reflection occurrence time range' corresponding to each fluctuation measuring point position in the chromatogram TU1 deviates from the defect judgment standard line, judging that the grouting at the fluctuation measuring point position is not compact, and judging the non-compact degree according to the deviation degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pipeline grouting quality detection technology, in particular to a method for detecting grouting defects of a pipeline.
Background
The conventional method for detecting the grouting quality of the pipeline comprises the following steps:
b1, setting the center line between the center lines of the standard pipelines as a wave velocity test line, and setting the center line of the pipeline as a grouting working condition pipeline test line;
b2, testing based on the wave velocity test line to obtain a waveform diagram and a frequency spectrum diagram of each test point on the wave velocity test line, and further obtaining a frequency and wave velocity table of each test point;
b3, testing based on the grouting working condition pipeline test line to obtain a waveform diagram and a frequency spectrum diagram of each test point on the grouting working condition pipeline test line;
the function of B2 is: the wave velocity range of the stress wave of the tested concrete and the reflection response frequency of the stress wave at the bottom of the solid part of the tested concrete are found.
And B3, finding out the frequency in the B3 spectrogram, finding out the frequency corresponding to the bottom reflection response frequency of the solid part, namely the thickness frequency of the plate, finding out the cavity response frequency by means of the offset rate according to the detour theory of the stress wave encountering the cavity, and calculating the depth of the cavity by means of the relation between the depth of the cavity and the cavity response frequency and the wave speed. The wave velocity is given by adopting the wave velocity mean value processing of the wave velocity test lines positioned on two sides of the central line of the current pipeline in B2.
It can be seen that this prior art technique requires calibration of the wave velocity of the solid portion in advance, and also requires finding the offset rate, and significant response frequency. Therefore, the method has a calibration process, the operation is very time-consuming, and since the response frequency of the cavity needs to be found, sometimes a plurality of approximate frequency peaks exist near the response frequency of the cavity, it is difficult to determine the response frequency of the specific cavity.
Therefore, the method has poor practicability and poor reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pore canal grouting defect detection method which is convenient to operate and accurate in result.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for detecting grouting defects of a pore comprises the following steps:
s1, taking a position line subjected to parallel deflection by taking the pipeline center line of the tested prestressed concrete beam as a reference as a deflection test line, and calibrating a plurality of excitation point positions and corresponding fluctuation test point positions on the deflection test line;
s2, knocking and triggering the induced stress wave by using an excitation hammer at the position of an excitation point, and acquiring a mixed fluctuation signal by using a signal pickup device at the position of a fluctuation measuring point;
s3, converting the mixed fluctuation signal of each fluctuation measuring point position into an original waveform diagram;
s4, converting the original waveform map of each fluctuation measuring point position into an MEM power spectrogram;
s5, converting the MEM power spectrogram into a chromatogram TU 1;
s6, in the chromatogram TU1, determining a time numerical line corresponding to the bottom reflection occurrence time representing the stress wave in normal concrete (defect-free homogeneous structure) as a standard time numerical line of defect judgment, so as to obtain the chromatogram TU1 containing the standard time numerical line of defect judgment;
s7, judging grouting defect degree: if the 'bottom reflection occurrence time range' corresponding to each fluctuation measuring point position in the chromatogram TU1 is overlapped with the standard time numerical line of defect judgment, and the overlap allows an error within 2 percent, judging that the grouting at the fluctuation measuring point position is compact and indicates no defect; and if the 'bottom reflection occurrence time range' corresponding to each fluctuation measuring point position in the chromatogram TU1 deviates from the standard time numerical line of defect judgment, judging that the grouting at the fluctuation measuring point position is not compact and indicates that a defect exists, and judging the non-compact degree and indicates the size of the defect according to the deviation degree.
Defects can be understood as voids, and defect size can be understood as void size; generally, the further the deviation, the larger the hole.
The design principle of the invention is as follows:
referring to fig. 18, fig. 18 is a schematic propagation diagram of stress waves under different pipe grouting conditions, and it can be seen from the diagram that, based on the detouring characteristic of the stress waves, in the time dimension, when there is no pipe, the occurrence time t1 of the stress waves reflected at the bottom is 2H/V, H is the thickness of the prestressed concrete beam to be tested, and V is the wave velocity corresponding to the prestressed concrete beam to be tested; when the pipeline is densely filled, the occurrence time t2 of the stress wave reflected at the bottom is approximately equal to t 1; when the pipeline is partially grouted, the occurrence time t3 of the reflection of the stress wave at the bottom is greater than t1, and when the pipeline is not grouted, the occurrence time t4 of the reflection of the stress wave at the bottom is greater than t3 and greater than t 1.
Therefore, the theory of determining the grouting situation of the present invention is: and analyzing the occurrence time of the bottom reflection of the tested concrete and the occurrence time of the bottom reflection of the stress wave in normal concrete (a non-defective homogeneous structure) for comparison analysis. Therefore, the original waveform diagram is displayed in a time dimension by converting the original waveform diagram into the MEM power spectrogram and then converting the MEM power spectrogram into the chromatogram TU 1. Whether the defect exists can be judged only by paying attention to the relation between the occurrence time of the bottom reflection and the occurrence time of the standard reflection, and the size of the defect is determined according to the difference degree of the two. The process does not need to pay attention to the corresponding relation between the standard response frequency (time) and the actually measured response frequency (time) and does not need to search for the defect response frequency.
Another technical contribution of the present invention is: if the test is carried out according to the existing technical theory, the central line of the pipeline is generally selected as a test line (the excitation point and the measuring point are both positioned on the test line), and researches show that when the test line is selected, the occurrence time of bottom reflection is uncertain in advance or delay, in addition, the mechanical impedance difference exists between the pore channel material and the concrete material, even if no defect exists, abnormal reflection signals can be generated firstly, the existence of the defect cannot be accurately identified, and the size cannot be identified more easily, so that how to uniformly delay the occurrence time of the bottom reflection (reduce or reduce the strength of the front reflection signals as much as possible) is a new technical problem to be faced by the invention. After passing the test, the inventors found that: the excitation point and the measuring point are not arranged at the position of the central line of the pipeline, namely, the test line is subjected to parallel offset by taking the central line of the pipeline as a reference to obtain an offset test line, and the excitation point and the measuring point are both positioned on the offset test line, so that the problem can be effectively solved, the occurrence time of bottom reflection can be effectively delayed uniformly, and the specific comparison process refers to the embodiment.
Preferably, the maximum entropy analysis conversion processing is adopted when the original waveform diagram is converted into the MEM power spectrogram.
In the conventional way of converting this time domain of the original waveform diagram into a frequency domain diagram, there are: fourier transform, etc., but after fourier transform, time information cannot be characterized, and the transform result is affected by a time window, and the unexpected signal analysis capability for a triangular signal is poor, so the method of converting an original oscillogram into frequency by fourier transform cannot realize the inventive concept of the present invention. Therefore, the invention selects the maximum entropy analysis conversion process, and the processed MEM power spectrogram comprises time information and frequency information, and the frequency information is hidden in the area of the graph.
Preferably, in S4, the method further includes a process of merging the MEM power spectrograms of all the fluctuation measurement point positions into 1 MEM power spectrogram, where an abscissa of the merged MEM power spectrogram is a fluctuation measurement point position corresponding to each MEM power spectrogram, and an ordinate is time T. Because the present invention only focuses on the time corresponding to the power spectrum estimation, all MEM power spectrograms can be combined into 1 MEM power spectrogram, and only the time corresponding to the maximum peak of the power spectrum estimation in each MEM power spectrogram is focused subsequently.
Preferably, in S5, the process of converting the MEM power spectrum into the chromatogram TU1 is as follows: the combined MEM power spectrum was converted into 1 chromatogram TU 1.
Preferably, in S5, the process of converting the MEM power spectrum into the chromatogram TU1 is as follows: and (4) converting the MEM power spectrogram of each fluctuation measuring point position into a chromatogram TU1 in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
The chromatogram TU1 is constructed by performing color filling according to a power spectrum estimation value in the MEM power spectrum;
the chromatogram TU1 includes: a color fill area;
the color fill area includes: a first color area representing the power spectrum estimated to be without peak value, a second color area representing the power spectrum estimated to be with maximum peak value, and a third color area or a plurality of color areas or a gradient color area representing the power spectrum estimated to be without peak value and with maximum peak value for transition;
the "time range" corresponding to the position region of the second color region in the chromatogram TU1 is characterized as the "bottom reflection occurrence time range" of each of the fluctuation measurement point positions.
In the invention, the mode of determining the time value line corresponding to the 'bottom reflection appearance time' of the normal concrete (non-defective homogeneous structure) for representing the stress wave is divided into 4 types: the first method is as follows: the method is based on real-time data after the system self-tests for calibration, the measurement parameters of the system do not need to be calibrated, the error of the calibration system is avoided, and meanwhile, the method is selected based on self-measured data and has the characteristic of consistency of comparison data. The second method is as follows: calculating the thickness of the concrete and the wave velocity corresponding to the mark number to obtain the concrete; the method does not need a calibration system, can avoid system errors, but because the measured concrete is not completely consistent with the preset mark number when actually manufactured, the measured concrete has manufacturing errors, the wave speeds corresponding to different mark numbers are generally in a range interval, and the selection of a reasonable calculation point value needs to be verified. The third is: the first and second modes are combined. Fourthly, the adopted calibration system repeats the process to calibrate a time numerical line corresponding to the 'bottom reflection occurrence time' of the stress wave in normal concrete (non-defective similar structure), and the process belongs to the actual measurement process, but has the characteristics of system errors and complex operation. The reliability is reduced in the 4 modes.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
mode 1:
in S6, the method for determining the time value line corresponding to the "bottom reflection appearance time" of the normal concrete (defect-free homogeneous structure) for representing the stress wave is as follows:
calibrating the maximum peak value of the power spectrum estimated value of the MEM power spectrogram at all the fluctuation measuring point positions, calibrating the time corresponding to all the maximum peak values, selecting the minimum time from all the calibrated times as time tmin, and taking the time tmin as a time numerical line corresponding to the bottom reflection occurrence time representing the stress wave in normal concrete (defect-free similar structure).
Mode 2:
in S6, the method for determining the time value line corresponding to the "bottom reflection appearance time" of the normal concrete (defect-free homogeneous structure) for representing the stress wave is as follows: using equation (1): determining a time t which is a time numerical line corresponding to the bottom reflection occurrence time representing the stress wave in normal concrete (a non-defective homogeneous structure);
in the formula (1), H is the thickness of the prestressed concrete beam to be tested, and V is the wave velocity corresponding to the prestressed concrete beam to be tested.
Mode 3:
in S6, the method for determining the time value line corresponding to the "bottom reflection appearance time" of the normal concrete (defect-free homogeneous structure) for representing the stress wave is as follows:
calibrating the maximum peak value of the power spectrum estimation value of the MEM power spectrogram at the positions of all fluctuation measuring points, calibrating the corresponding time of all the maximum peak values, selecting the minimum time from all the calibrated time as the time tmin,
using equation (1): determining time t, wherein in the formula (1), H is the thickness of the tested concrete, and V is the wave velocity corresponding to the concrete grade of the tested concrete;
if the time tmin is greater than or equal to the time t, the time tmin is taken as a time numerical line corresponding to the bottom reflection occurrence time representing the stress wave in normal concrete (non-defective homogeneous structure);
and if the time tmin is smaller than the time t, taking the time t as a time numerical line corresponding to the bottom reflection occurrence time representing the stress wave in normal concrete (non-defective homogeneous structure).
Mode 4:
in S6, the method for determining the time value line corresponding to the "bottom reflection appearance time" of the normal concrete (defect-free homogeneous structure) for representing the stress wave is as follows:
a1, calibrating a test line on normal concrete (defect-free homogeneous structure) without a pipeline, and calibrating the position of an excitation point and the position of a corresponding fluctuation measuring point on the test line;
a2, knocking and triggering the induced stress wave by using an excitation hammer at the position of an excitation point, and acquiring a mixed fluctuation signal by using a signal pickup device at the position of a fluctuation measuring point;
a3, processing the mixed fluctuation signal into an original waveform diagram;
a4, converting the original waveform into an MEM power spectrogram;
a5, calibrating the maximum peak value of the power spectrum estimation value of the MEM power spectrogram, calibrating the time corresponding to all the maximum peak values as the time tA, and taking the time tA as the time numerical line corresponding to the bottom reflection occurrence time of the characteristic stress wave in normal concrete (non-defective similar structure).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: the method has the advantages of reliable detection result, simple operation, saving a large amount of engineering test time, storing and recording all detection process data, and no doping of subjective factors of artificial judgment.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of offset test lines.
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of example 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of example 3.
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of example 5.
Fig. 6 is a layout diagram of test lines of the comparative example.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the placement of the measurement system of the comparative example.
Fig. 8 is a diagram of the original waveform obtained for the comparative example.
Fig. 9 is a MEM power spectrum obtained for the comparative example.
Fig. 10 is a chromatogram obtained for the comparative example.
Fig. 11 is a chromatogram of a standard time scale-containing numerical line obtained for the comparative example.
Fig. 12 is a layout diagram of test lines of the comparative example.
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the placement of the measurement system of example 6.
Fig. 14 is a diagram of original waveforms obtained in example 6.
Fig. 15 is a MEM power spectrum obtained in example 6.
FIG. 16 is a chromatogram obtained in example 6.
Fig. 17 is a chromatogram of a standard time scale curve containing a defect determination standard obtained in example 6.
Fig. 18 is a schematic view of the propagation of stress waves in different pipe grouting situations.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a method for detecting grouting defect of a duct includes the following steps:
s1, taking a position line after parallel deflection with a pipeline center line of the tested prestressed concrete beam as a reference as a deflection test line, and calibrating a plurality of excitation point positions and fluctuation test point positions corresponding thereto on the deflection test line, see fig. 1, where a specific deflection test line may arbitrarily select 1 test line from the test area in fig. 1, for example, a center line of the test area in fig. 1 is selected as the deflection test line, or a center line translation line of the test area in fig. 1 is selected as the deflection test line. The central line of the test area or the central line translation line belongs to the category of position lines which are subjected to parallel offset by taking the central line of the pipeline as a reference. Wherein the test area is arranged at a position shifted up or down by d/4 of the area between the central line and the upper edge of the measured object, or at a position shifted up or down by d/4 of the area between the central line and the lower edge of the measured object: wherein d is the diameter of the pore canal of the measured object: the signal source generating device generates vibration on the same line with the distance D from the fluctuation signal pickup device.
S2, knocking and triggering the induced stress wave by using an excitation hammer at the position of an excitation point, and acquiring a mixed fluctuation signal by using a signal pickup device at the position of a fluctuation measuring point;
s3, processing the mixed fluctuation signal of each fluctuation measuring point position into an original waveform diagram;
s4, converting the original waveform map of each fluctuation measuring point position into an MEM power spectrogram;
s5, converting the MEM power spectrogram into a chromatogram TU 1;
s6, in the chromatogram TU1, determining a time numerical line corresponding to the bottom reflection occurrence time representing the stress wave in normal concrete (defect-free homogeneous structure) as a standard time numerical line of defect judgment, so as to obtain the chromatogram TU1 containing the standard time numerical line of defect judgment;
s7, positioning and judging the grouting compactness: if the 'bottom reflection occurrence time range' corresponding to each fluctuation measuring point position in the chromatogram TU1 is overlapped with the standard time numerical line of defect judgment, judging that the grouting at the fluctuation measuring point position is compact; and if the 'bottom reflection occurrence time range' corresponding to each fluctuation measuring point position in the chromatogram TU1 deviates from the defect judgment standard line, judging that the grouting at the fluctuation measuring point position is not compact, and judging the non-compact degree according to the deviation degree.
And when the original waveform diagram is converted into the MEM power spectrogram, maximum entropy analysis conversion processing is adopted.
In S4, the method further includes a process of combining the MEM power spectrograms of all the fluctuation measurement point positions into 1 MEM power spectrogram, where the abscissa of the combined MEM power spectrogram is the fluctuation measurement point position corresponding to each MEM power spectrogram, and the ordinate is time T.
In S5, the process of converting the MEM power spectrum into the chromatogram TU1 is as follows: the combined MEM power spectrum was converted into 1 chromatogram TU 1.
In S5, the process of converting the MEM power spectrum into the chromatogram TU1 is as follows: and (4) converting the MEM power spectrogram of each fluctuation measuring point position into a chromatogram TU1 in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
The chromatogram TU1 is constructed by performing color filling according to a power spectrum estimation value in the MEM power spectrum;
the chromatogram TU1 includes: a color fill area;
the color fill area includes: a first color area representing the power spectrum estimated to be without peak value, a second color area representing the power spectrum estimated to be with maximum peak value, and a third color area or a plurality of color areas or a gradient color area representing the power spectrum estimated to be without peak value and with maximum peak value for transition;
the "time range" corresponding to the position region of the second color region in the chromatogram TU1 is characterized as the "bottom reflection occurrence time range" of each of the fluctuation measurement point positions.
Example 2:
on the basis of the above-described embodiment 1, with reference to fig. 3,
in S6, the method for determining the time value line corresponding to the "bottom reflection appearance time" of the normal concrete (defect-free homogeneous structure) for representing the stress wave is as follows:
calibrating the maximum peak value of the power spectrum estimated value of the MEM power spectrogram at all the fluctuation measuring point positions, calibrating the time corresponding to all the maximum peak values, selecting the minimum time from all the calibrated times as time tmin, and taking the time tmin as a time numerical line corresponding to the bottom reflection occurrence time representing the stress wave in normal concrete (defect-free similar structure).
Example 4:
on the basis of the above-described embodiment 1, with reference to fig. 4,
in S6, the method for determining the time value line corresponding to the "bottom reflection appearance time" of the normal concrete (defect-free homogeneous structure) for representing the stress wave is as follows: using equation (1): determining a time t which is a time numerical line corresponding to the bottom reflection occurrence time representing the stress wave in normal concrete (a non-defective homogeneous structure);
in the formula (1), H is the thickness of the prestressed concrete beam to be tested, and V is the wave velocity corresponding to the prestressed concrete beam to be tested.
Example 4:
on the basis of the above-described embodiment 1, with reference to fig. 3 and 4,
in S6, the method for determining the time value line corresponding to the "bottom reflection appearance time" of the normal concrete (defect-free homogeneous structure) for representing the stress wave is as follows:
calibrating the maximum peak value of the power spectrum estimation value of the MEM power spectrogram at the positions of all fluctuation measuring points, calibrating the corresponding time of all the maximum peak values, selecting the minimum time from all the calibrated time as the time tmin,
using equation (1): determining time t, wherein in the formula (1), H is the thickness of the tested concrete, and V is the wave velocity corresponding to the concrete grade of the tested concrete;
if the time tmin is greater than or equal to the time t, the time tmin is taken as a time numerical line corresponding to the bottom reflection occurrence time representing the stress wave in normal concrete (non-defective homogeneous structure);
and if the time tmin is smaller than the time t, taking the time t as a time numerical line corresponding to the bottom reflection occurrence time representing the stress wave in normal concrete (non-defective homogeneous structure).
Example 5:
on the basis of the above-described embodiment 1, with reference to fig. 5,
in S6, the method for determining the time value line corresponding to the "bottom reflection appearance time" of the normal concrete (defect-free homogeneous structure) for representing the stress wave is as follows:
a1, calibrating a test line on normal concrete (defect-free homogeneous structure) without a pipeline, and calibrating the position of an excitation point and the position of a corresponding fluctuation measuring point on the test line;
a2, knocking and triggering the induced stress wave by using an excitation hammer at the position of an excitation point, and acquiring a mixed fluctuation signal by using a signal pickup device at the position of a fluctuation measuring point;
a3, processing the mixed fluctuation signal into an original waveform diagram;
a4, converting the original waveform into an MEM power spectrogram;
a5, calibrating the maximum peak value of the power spectrum estimation value of the MEM power spectrogram, calibrating the time corresponding to all the maximum peak values as the time tA, and taking the time tA as the time numerical line corresponding to the bottom reflection occurrence time of the characteristic stress wave in normal concrete (non-defective similar structure).
In order to express the particularity of the invention using offset measuring lines, the invention carried out a comparative experiment with the help of comparative example and example 6 to analyze the particularity of the arrangement, the purpose of which is: the corrugated pipes made of different materials are respectively tested at the positions along the central line of the pipe and the position deviated from the central line of the pipe, and the influence on the detection result is obtained by comparing the two testing methods.
Comparative example:
referring to figures 6-11 of the drawings,
the test process steps are abbreviated as follows:
s1, exciting at the center line position of the corrugated pipe and receiving signals (as shown in figure 6);
s2, testing the position of the model of the un-grouted corrugated pipe and the grouting compaction position, namely, performing grouting compaction treatment on a half area in one corrugated pipe and not performing grouting treatment on a half area, and observing the test result, wherein the reference is shown in the attached figure 7;
description of the test: on site, a No. 17 exciting small hammer (diameter 17mm) is adopted to test 5 data on the unslotted corrugated pipe, and 5 data are tested at the grouting compaction position.
S3, acquiring field test data, and analyzing the field test data to obtain an original signal waveform;
a total test is carried out on the spot to obtain 10 original signal waveforms; referring to fig. 8, the original signal waveform is shown for only 1 point.
And S4, converting the original waveform diagram into an MEM power spectrogram through analysis software by adopting an MEM maximum entropy analysis function of a software interface, wherein the MEM power spectrogram is shown in an attached figure 9. Fig. 9 shows an MEM power spectrum obtained by converting all original signal waveforms of 10 point locations, that is, 10 MEM power spectrums are combined and displayed in 1 graph, wherein the abscissa represents the position of a fluctuation measurement point corresponding to each MEM power spectrum, and the ordinate represents time. The process of maximum entropy analysis is a conventional technique, and is not described herein again.
S5, converting the original waveform map into an MEM power spectrogram, specifically, converting the MEM power spectrogram into a chromatogram by a "spectrogram" transform function of software, wherein the software automatically performs color filling according to each power spectrum estimation value, a colored band is provided on the right side in fig. 10 for quantizing chromaticity, "0" represents no peak, "1" represents a maximum peak, a transition segment is provided in the middle of 0-1, and a color filling region is provided in fig. 10, and the color filling region includes: a first color region (blue) representing an estimate of the power spectrum as being without a peak, a second color region (red) representing an estimate of the power spectrum as being with a maximum peak, a third color region or a plurality of color regions or a gradient color region representing a transition of the power spectrum from being without a peak to a maximum peak;
the "time range" corresponding to the position region of the second color region in the chromatogram TU1 is characterized as the "bottom reflection occurrence time range" of each of the fluctuation measurement point positions.
S6, determining a time value line corresponding to the "bottom reflection appearance time" of the normal concrete (defect-free homogeneous structure) representing the stress wave, in fig. 11, determining 0.18 ms as the "bottom reflection appearance time" of the normal concrete (defect-free homogeneous structure) representing the stress wave, and in fig. 11, drawing 1 time value line along the position of 0.18 ms.
If the above-mentioned method 2 is adopted to determine the "time when the bottom reflection should occur", the thickness of the concrete to be tested is 0.4m (40cm) in the test, wherein the wave speed is 4300m/s, t is 2 × 0.4m/4300m/s is 1.860ms, and is about 1.8 ms. If the above-described method 1 is adopted, the length is 1.75ms, and therefore, the length is finally 1.8 ms.
S7, positioning and judging the grouting compactness:
the judgment basis is as follows: if the 'bottom reflection occurrence time range' corresponding to each fluctuation measuring point position in the chromatogram TU1 is overlapped with the standard time numerical line of defect judgment, judging that the grouting at the fluctuation measuring point position is compact; and if the 'bottom reflection occurrence time range' corresponding to each fluctuation measuring point position in the chromatogram TU1 deviates from the defect judgment standard line, judging that the grouting at the fluctuation measuring point position is not compact, and judging the non-compact degree according to the deviation degree.
As can be seen from the observation in fig. 11, the relationship between the second color region and the time value line can be determined as follows:
only the 1 st measuring point has defects, and the measuring points 2 to 10 are judged to be compact. But the actual arrangement is that the 1 st to 5 th measuring points are defects (the defect type is not grouting), and the 6 th to 10 th measuring points are grouting compact; it can be seen that the difference of the final determination result is large when the measuring point is arranged at the center line position of the corrugated pipe.
Example 6
Referring to figures 12-17 of the drawings,
the test process steps are abbreviated as follows:
s1, exciting and receiving signals at the center line position of the corrugated pipe (as shown in figure 12);
s2, testing the position of the model of the un-grouted corrugated pipe and the grouting compaction position, namely, performing grouting compaction treatment on a half area in one corrugated pipe and not performing grouting treatment on a half area, and observing the test result, wherein the reference is shown in the attached figure 13;
description of the test: on site, a No. 17 exciting small hammer (diameter 17mm) is adopted to test 5 data on the unslotted corrugated pipe, and 5 data are tested at the grouting compaction position.
S3, acquiring field test data, and analyzing the field test data to obtain an original signal waveform;
a total test is carried out on the spot to obtain 10 original signal waveforms; referring to fig. 14, the original signal waveform is shown for only 1 point.
And S4, converting the original waveform diagram into an MEM power spectrogram through analysis software by adopting an MEM maximum entropy analysis function of a software interface, wherein the MEM power spectrogram is shown in the attached figure 15. Fig. 15 shows an MEM power spectrum obtained by converting all original signal waveforms of 10 point locations, that is, 10 MEM power spectrums are combined and displayed in 1 graph, wherein the abscissa represents the position of a fluctuation measurement point corresponding to each MEM power spectrum, and the ordinate represents time. The process of maximum entropy analysis is a conventional technique, and is not described herein again.
S5, converting the original waveform map into an MEM power spectrogram, specifically, converting the MEM power spectrogram into a chromatogram by a "spectrogram" transform function of software, wherein the software automatically performs color filling according to each power spectrum estimation value, a colored band is provided on the right side in fig. 16 for quantizing chromaticity, "0" represents no peak, "1" represents a maximum peak, a transition segment is provided in the middle of 0-1, and a color filling region is provided in fig. 16, the color filling region includes: a first color region (blue) representing an estimate of the power spectrum as being without a peak, a second color region (red) representing an estimate of the power spectrum as being with a maximum peak, a third color region or a plurality of color regions or a gradient color region representing a transition of the power spectrum from being without a peak to a maximum peak;
the "time range" corresponding to the position region of the second color region in the chromatogram TU1 is characterized as the "bottom reflection occurrence time range" of each of the fluctuation measurement point positions.
S6, determining a time value line corresponding to the "bottom reflection appearance time" of the normal concrete (defect-free homogeneous structure) representing the stress wave, in fig. 11, determining 0.18 ms as the "bottom reflection appearance time" of the normal concrete (defect-free homogeneous structure) representing the stress wave, and in fig. 17, drawing 1 time value line along the position of 0.18 ms.
If the above method 2 is adopted to determine the "time when the bottom reflection should occur", the thickness of the concrete to be tested is 0.4m in the test, wherein the wave speed is selected to be 4300m/s, and t is 1.860ms, which is about 1.8 ms. If the above-described method 1 is adopted, the length is 1.75ms, and therefore, the length is finally 1.8 ms.
S7, positioning and judging the grouting compactness:
the judgment basis is as follows: if the 'bottom reflection occurrence time range' corresponding to each fluctuation measuring point position in the chromatogram TU1 is overlapped with the standard time numerical line of defect judgment, judging that the grouting at the fluctuation measuring point position is compact; and if the 'bottom reflection occurrence time range' corresponding to each fluctuation measuring point position in the chromatogram TU1 deviates from the defect judgment standard line, judging that the grouting at the fluctuation measuring point position is not compact, and judging the non-compact degree according to the deviation degree.
As can be seen from the observation in fig. 17, the relationship between the second color region and the time value line can be determined as follows:
obvious defects exist at the 1 st to 5 th measuring points, and the measuring points 6 to 10 are judged to be compact. The practical arrangement is that the 1 st to 5 th measuring points are defects (the defect type is not grouting), and the 6 th to 10 th measuring points are grouting compact; and finally, judging that the test result is completely consistent with the actual result.
And (4) comparing and concluding:
through testing different material bellows respectively along bellows central line and skew bellows central line position, discover through the result contrast:
vibration excitation and signal reception are carried out at the central line position of the corrugated pipe, and the result accuracy is poor.
And the vibration excitation and the signal reception are carried out at the position deviating from the central line of the bellows, so that the result accuracy is higher.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for detecting grouting defects of a pore passage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, taking a position line subjected to parallel deflection by taking the pipeline center line of the tested prestressed concrete beam as a reference as a deflection test line, and calibrating a plurality of excitation point positions and corresponding fluctuation test point positions on the deflection test line;
s2, knocking and triggering the induced stress wave by using an excitation hammer at the position of an excitation point, and acquiring a mixed fluctuation signal by using a signal pickup device at the position of a fluctuation measuring point;
s3, converting the mixed fluctuation signal of each fluctuation measuring point position into an original waveform diagram;
s4, converting the original waveform map of each fluctuation measuring point position into an MEM power spectrogram;
s5, converting the MEM power spectrogram into a chromatogram TU 1;
s6, in the chromatogram TU1, determining a time numerical line corresponding to the bottom reflection occurrence time value representing the stress wave in normal concrete as a standard time numerical line of defect judgment, and thus obtaining the chromatogram TU1 containing the standard time numerical line of defect judgment;
s7, judging grouting defect degree: if the 'bottom reflection occurrence time range' corresponding to each fluctuation measuring point position in the chromatogram TU1 is overlapped with the standard time numerical line of defect judgment, and the overlap allows an error within 2 percent, judging that the grouting at the fluctuation measuring point position is compact and indicates no defect; and if the 'bottom reflection occurrence time range' corresponding to each fluctuation measuring point position in the chromatogram TU1 deviates from the standard time numerical line of defect judgment, judging that the grouting at the fluctuation measuring point position is not compact and indicates that a defect exists, and judging the non-compact degree and indicates the size of the defect according to the deviation degree.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of,
and when the original waveform diagram is converted into the MEM power spectrogram, maximum entropy analysis conversion processing is adopted.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of,
in S4, the method further includes a process of combining the MEM power spectrograms of all the fluctuation measurement point positions into 1 MEM power spectrogram, where the abscissa of the combined MEM power spectrogram is the fluctuation measurement point position corresponding to each MEM power spectrogram, and the ordinate is time T.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of detecting the grouting defect of the duct,
in S5, the process of converting the MEM power spectrum into the chromatogram TU1 is as follows: the combined MEM power spectrum was converted into 1 chromatogram TU 1.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of,
in S5, the process of converting the MEM power spectrum into the chromatogram TU1 is as follows: and (4) converting the MEM power spectrogram of each fluctuation measuring point position into a chromatogram TU1 in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of,
the chromatogram TU1 is constructed by performing color filling according to a power spectrum estimation value in the MEM power spectrum;
the chromatogram TU1 includes: a color fill area;
the color fill area includes: a first color area representing the power spectrum estimated to be without peak value, a second color area representing the power spectrum estimated to be with maximum peak value, and a third color area or a plurality of color areas or a gradient color area representing the power spectrum estimated to be without peak value and with maximum peak value for transition;
the "time range" corresponding to the position region of the second color region in the chromatogram TU1 is characterized as the "bottom reflection occurrence time range" of each of the fluctuation measurement point positions.
7. The method for detecting grouting defect of a duct according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
in S6, the mode of determining the time value line corresponding to the "bottom reflection appearance time" of the normal concrete, which characterizes the stress wave, is:
calibrating the maximum peak value of the power spectrum estimation value of the MEM power spectrogram at all fluctuation measuring point positions, calibrating the corresponding time of all the maximum peak values, selecting the minimum time from all the calibrated time and recording the minimum time as the time tminTime tminThe time value line corresponding to the bottom reflection appearance time of the normal concrete is used as a characteristic stress wave.
8. The method for detecting grouting defect of a duct according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
in S6, the mode of determining the time value line corresponding to the "bottom reflection appearance time" of the normal concrete, which characterizes the stress wave, is: using equation (1): determining time t which is a time numerical line corresponding to the bottom reflection appearance time of the normal concrete for representing the stress wave, wherein the time t is 2H/V;
in the formula (1), H is the thickness of the tested prestressed concrete beam, and V is the wave velocity corresponding to the tested prestressed concrete beam.
9. The method for detecting grouting defect of a duct according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
in S6, the mode of determining the time value line corresponding to the "bottom reflection appearance time" of the normal concrete, which characterizes the stress wave, is:
calibrating the maximum peak value of the power spectrum estimation value of the MEM power spectrogram at all fluctuation measuring point positions, calibrating the corresponding time of all the maximum peak values, selecting the minimum time from all the calibrated time and recording the minimum time as the time tmin，
Using equation (1): determining the time t, wherein in the formula (1), H is the thickness of the prestressed concrete beam to be tested, and V is the wave velocity corresponding to the prestressed concrete beam to be tested;
if at time tminGreater than or equal to time t, then time tminThe time value line corresponding to the bottom reflection appearance time representing the stress wave in the normal concrete is used;
if at time tminAnd if the time t is less than the moment t, the moment t is taken as a time numerical line corresponding to the bottom reflection appearance moment of the normal concrete for representing the stress wave.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of,
in S6, the mode of determining the time value line corresponding to the "bottom reflection appearance time" of the normal concrete, which characterizes the stress wave, is:
a1, calibrating a test line on normal concrete without a pipeline, and calibrating the position of an excitation point and the position of a corresponding fluctuation test point on the test line;
a2, knocking and triggering the induced stress wave by using an excitation hammer at the position of an excitation point, and acquiring a mixed fluctuation signal by using a signal pickup device at the position of a fluctuation measuring point;
a3, converting the mixed fluctuation signal into an original waveform diagram;
a4, converting the original waveform into an MEM power spectrogram;
a5, calibrating the maximum peak value of the power spectrum estimation value of the MEM power spectrogram, and marking the time corresponding to all the maximum peak values as the time tATime tAThe time value line corresponding to the bottom reflection appearance time of the normal concrete is used as a characteristic stress wave.
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