CN111693605A - Vertical one-generation and multi-harvesting foundation pile sound wave velocity detection device and method - Google Patents
Vertical one-generation and multi-harvesting foundation pile sound wave velocity detection device and method Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vertical one-generation multi-harvesting foundation pile sound wave velocity detection device and method. Aiming at the integrity detection of the concrete cast-in-place pile, before the foundation pile is cast, the acoustic tube is embedded in the reinforcement cage to hang the acoustic transducer. During detection, a sound wave transmitting transducer is hung in the sound measuring tube on one side, a transducer string consisting of 3 sound wave receiving transducers with fixed intervals is simultaneously arranged in the sound measuring tube on the other side, and sound wave detection is carried out from bottom to top. The method achieves the purposes of measuring the sound velocity of concrete and identifying and positioning the defects of the pile body by calculating and analyzing the results of different sound times measured by a plurality of sound wave receiving transducers after sound waves are transmitted every time. The method overcomes the problems that the analysis and calculation result of the traditional foundation pile sound wave transmission method depends on the pile top measuring pipe distance data, single test data is not comprehensive enough and the like, completes the horizontal measurement and the bidirectional inclined measurement at one time, and has the characteristics of rapidness, accuracy, comprehensiveness and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a detection method for detecting the integrity of a pile body of a concrete cast-in-place pile by using a sound wave transmission principle, and particularly relates to a vertical one-generation multi-harvesting foundation pile sound wave speed detection device and method.
Background
The quality detection of the pile foundation, which is the most important basic form, has been concerned by the engineering industry. In common pile foundation nondestructive testing technologies, the sound wave transmission testing technology has the advantages of unlimited testing pile length, accurate and reliable testing results and the like, so that the sound wave transmission testing technology is widely applied to nondestructive testing of concrete cast-in-place piles, and particularly becomes the most important testing method for bridge piles with large diameter and long length.
The basic method comprises the following steps: the acoustic wave transmitting transducer and the acoustic wave receiving transducer are respectively placed at different positions of a measured medium, the distance between the acoustic wave transmitting transducer and the acoustic wave receiving transducer is known, the transmitting transducer transmits a group of acoustic waves, the acoustic waves pass through the medium to reach the acoustic wave receiving transducer, and the acoustic wave receiving transducer receives the group of acoustic wave signals. By analyzing various acoustic characteristics of the received sound wave, the purposes of detecting the wave speed of the medium sound wave and judging the uniformity of the medium are achieved.
In practical engineering tests, the acoustic transmission method also has the following problems: firstly, the sound velocity of each measuring point is generally calculated by directly adopting the distance of the sound measuring tube measured at the pile top. However, in actual engineering, it is often impossible to ensure that the sounding pipes are completely vertical and parallel, and the distance between the sounding pipes at a certain depth and the distance between the sounding pipes at the pile top are not equal any more, so that an error occurs in a sound velocity calculation result, and a wrong judgment and a missed judgment occur in a serious case; secondly, a mode of 'one-shot' is generally adopted in the traditional sound wave test, and a pile body crack in the same direction as a sound test line can be missed to be tested by independently carrying out horizontal measurement or obliquely measuring in one direction; thirdly, during testing, the sound wave transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer are required to be in the same depth (flat testing) or keep the same height difference (oblique testing), otherwise, errors can inevitably occur in a calculation result, so that the depth of the transducer and the height difference between a transmitting end and a receiving end need to be accurately checked in each lifting process of the transducer, and the testing work efficiency is reduced.
The invention adopts a one-shot multi-shot acoustic wave detection mode, can complete the flat test and the bidirectional oblique test by one-time test, and obtains more comprehensive test data. Meanwhile, the distance between the acoustic wave receiving transducers is skillfully fixed, so that the acoustic wave velocity calculation result is not related to the distance between the acoustic wave transmitting end and the acoustic wave receiving end any more, and the problem of large acoustic velocity test error when the acoustic tube inclines and deviates is solved to a certain extent. In addition, the sound wave transmitting transducer and a certain receiving transducer do not need to be completely ensured to be positioned at the same depth (or keep the same height difference) in the testing process of the method, and convenience is brought to testing work.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a device and a method for detecting the sound wave velocity of a vertical one-shot multi-shot foundation pile. The invention carries out sound wave detection from bottom to top on the foundation pile by arranging the sound wave transmitting transducer and the sound wave receiving transducer in a cross-hole manner, and carries out concrete wave velocity calculation and identification and positioning of pile body defects according to acoustic parameters measured by the sound wave receiving transducer.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a vertical one-transmitting-multiple-receiving foundation pile sound wave velocity detection device comprises a sound wave transmitting transducer, a sound wave receiving transducer string, a sound detection tube, a transducer connecting lead and a sound wave detector; at least two sound measuring tubes are vertically embedded in a reinforcement cage of a concrete cast-in-place pile; the sound wave receiving transducer string is formed by connecting an upper sound wave receiving transducer, a middle sound wave receiving transducer and a lower sound wave receiving transducer in series, and the sound wave transmitting transducer and the sound wave receiving transducer string are respectively hung in different sounding pipes; the sound wave transmitting transducer and the sound wave receiving transducer are connected with a sound wave detector on the ground through transducer connecting wires.
Preferably, the sounding pipes are arranged along the whole length of the pile body, and at least two sounding pipes are uniformly and symmetrically distributed at different positions of the cross section of the concrete cast-in-place pile; the material of the acoustic pipe is rigid, the lower end of the acoustic pipe is closed, the upper end of the acoustic pipe is covered, and no foreign matter exists in the acoustic pipe.
Preferably, in the sound wave receiving transducer string, the upper sound wave receiving transducer and the lower sound wave receiving transducer both maintain the same distance l with the middle sound wave receiving transducer0，l0＝30～50cm。
Preferably, the sound wave transmitting transducer and the sound wave receiving transducer string are cylindrical radial sound wave transducers with outer diameters smaller than the inner diameter of the sound measuring pipe, the sound wave transmitting transducer and the sound wave receiving transducer string are watertight, and each sound wave transmitting transducer and each sound wave receiving transducer string are provided with a centralizer to ensure the stability of test parameters.
Preferably, the transducer connecting lead is provided with a depth mark to meet the water tightness requirement, and the length of the transducer connecting lead is larger than that of the concrete cast-in-place pile to be detected.
Preferably, the sound wave detector can realize sound wave pulse emission and can display and record sound wave signals received by the sound wave receiving transducer in series in real time.
Preferably, the acoustic detector has at least 1 transmitting channel and at least 3 receiving channels.
Preferably, the diameter of the concrete cast-in-place pile is not less than 600 mm.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a vertical one-shot multiple-shot foundation pile acoustic wave velocity detection and analysis method using the detection apparatus of any of the above schemes, which is used for testing the acoustic wave velocity of the foundation pile concrete and identifying and positioning the defects of the pile body, and comprises the following steps:
1) before testing, checking the smoothness and the verticality of the acoustic testing pipes, and filling clear water into each acoustic testing pipe to serve as an acoustic coupling agent;
2) vertically combining 3 sound wave receiving transducers into a sound wave receiving transducer string, wherein the vertical spacing of adjacent sound wave receiving transducers is fixed to be l0Respectively numbering the 3 sound wave receiving transducers and accessing different receiving channels of the sound wave detector; another 1 sound wave transmitting transducer is taken as one of the transmitting ends connected with the sound wave detectorA transmission channel;
3) the sound wave transmitting transducer and the sound wave transmitting transducer string are respectively hung in the two sound measuring tubes as deep as possible by utilizing the transducer connecting lead, so that the depths of the sound wave transmitting transducer and the middle sound wave transmitting transducer are kept to be the same;
4) the sound wave transmitting transducer transmits primary ultrasonic waves, sound wave signals received by the upper sound wave receiving transducer, the middle sound wave receiving transducer and the lower sound wave receiving transducer are collected through the sound wave detector, and head wave sound time data of the 3 receiving transducers are read respectively and are Tu、TcAnd Td(ii) a Calculating according to the geometrical relationship to obtain the concrete sound velocity as follows:
in the formula: v is the concrete sound wave speed in the test range;
5) synchronously lifting the sound wave transmitting transducer and the sound wave receiving transducer from bottom to top once, wherein the single lifting height is not more than 100mm, and recording the depth of the lifted sound wave transmitting transducer;
6) continuously repeating the steps 4) to 5) until the full-length detection from the pile bottom to the pile top is completed, calculating and analyzing the detection data of each depth, drawing a sound velocity-depth curve, and completing the detection of the detection section formed by the two current sounding pipes;
7) if the number of the sounding pipes is more than two, placing the sound wave transmitting transducer and the sound wave transmitting transducer in series into other sounding pipe combinations, and repeating the steps 4) -6) until the detection of all the detection sections is completed;
8) and judging the integrity of the pile body according to the acoustic characteristics of the foundation pile from bottom to top.
Preferably, the principle of judging the integrity of the pile body is as follows: for one or more detection sections, if a sound velocity abnormal section which is longitudinally and continuously distributed exists, the waveform of a sound survey line of the abnormal section is distorted, and other acoustic parameters including wave amplitude and main frequency are abnormal, judging that the current foundation pile has defects and the pile body is incomplete; meanwhile, determining the depth of the defect according to the position of the sound velocity abnormal section on the sound velocity-depth curve; and comprehensively judging the spatial distribution of the pile body defects according to the test results of all the detection sections at the same depth, or further determining the spatial distribution of the pile body defects by carrying out encryption test on the sections with abnormal sound velocity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. on the basis of the traditional foundation pile sound wave transmission method, the invention adopts a one-shot and multi-shot sound wave detection mode, can complete the horizontal measurement and the bidirectional inclined measurement by one-time test, obtains more comprehensive and accurate test data, and overcomes the defect that the pile body crack in the same direction as the sound measurement line can be missed when the horizontal measurement or the unidirectional inclined measurement is singly adopted.
2. Compared with the traditional sound wave transmission method, the concrete sound velocity value can be accurately obtained through test and analysis without inputting the data of the pipe distance of the acoustic pipe, the defect that the sound velocity calculation result of the traditional method depends on the measurement data of the pipe distance of the pile top is overcome, and when the acoustic pipe is not completely vertical or parallel, the concrete sound velocity value can still be calculated and obtained accurately.
3. The height difference between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer does not influence the concrete sound velocity calculation result, so that the height difference between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer does not need to be strictly ensured to be consistent in a test range, the work of checking and correcting the depth of the transducers is reduced, and the efficiency of the whole test work is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vertical one-shot multiple-shot foundation pile acoustic wave velocity detection device;
the system comprises a sound wave transmitting transducer 1, an upper sound wave receiving transducer 2, a middle sound wave receiving transducer 3, a lower sound wave receiving transducer 4, a concrete cast-in-place pile 5, a sound detecting tube 6, a transducer 7, a connecting wire 8 and a sound wave detector.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the wave velocity of sound waves;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention for testing the integrity of a foundation pile;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of a foundation pile acoustic wave velocity detection method.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the vertical one-shot multiple-shot foundation pile acoustic wave velocity detection apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention includes an acoustic wave transmitting transducer 1, an upper acoustic wave receiving transducer 2, a middle acoustic wave receiving transducer 3, a lower acoustic wave receiving transducer 4, a concrete cast-in-place pile 5, an acoustic pipe 6, a transducer connecting lead 7, and an acoustic wave detector 8. The detection device is suitable for quality detection of the concrete cast-in-place pile with the pile diameter smaller than 600 mm. The detection device adopts a form of 'one-shot multiple-shot' and has one sound wave transmitting transducer suspended in one sound tube on one side and transducer strings comprising 3 or more than 3 sound wave receiving transducers with fixed intervals arranged in the other sound tube, so that sound wave detection is carried out from bottom to top. The method achieves the purposes of measuring the wave velocity of the concrete and identifying and positioning the defects of the pile body by calculating and analyzing the results of different sound times measured by a plurality of sound wave receiving transducers after sound waves are transmitted every time. The specific implementation structure of the detection device is described in detail below.
The device is provided with 4 sound wave transducers, namely a sound wave transmitting transducer 1, an upper sound wave receiving transducer 2, a middle sound wave receiving transducer 3 and a lower sound wave receiving transducer 4. The acoustic wave transducer is a device for realizing mutual conversion of an electric signal and an acoustic wave signal. When the transducer is used as a sound wave emitter, the transducer can convert the electric signal into a sound wave signal and radiate the sound wave into the pile body medium of the concrete cast-in-place pile 5; when acting as an acoustic receiver, the transducer may convert the received acoustic signal into an electrical signal for output to the acoustic detector 8. The acoustic wave transducers in the detection device all adopt cylindrical (nondirectional along horizontal plane vibration) radial transducers, and can be provided with centralizers to prevent the transducers from swinging, so that the stability of test parameters is ensured, and the radial size of the centralizers is consistent with the inner diameter of the acoustic pipe 6.
At least two acoustic pipes 6 are embedded in the cast-in-place concrete pile 5, and the acoustic pipes 6 are vertically fixed in a reinforcement cage of the foundation pile before concrete pouring and are poured together with the reinforcement cage. And after the concrete is poured, the acoustic pipe 6 is solidified in the foundation pile. The detection can be completed only by two or more than two sounding pipes 6, the embedding quantity of the sounding pipes 6 can meet the requirement of the existing foundation pile detection standard, and the sounding pipes 6 are uniformly arranged in a symmetrical shape along the circumference of the concrete cast-in-place pile 5. The plane where the two sounding pipes 6 in the concrete cast-in-place pile 5 are located is the detection section of the two sounding pipes 6. The acoustic pipe material should have sufficient radial stiffness to avoid radial deformation; the lower end of the sounding pipe is closed, and the upper end of the sounding pipe is covered with a cover, so that no foreign matter is in the sounding pipe.
Three or more than three sound wave transducers are combined to form a transducer string as a receiving end of sound wave test, and the vertical spacing of the transducers is ensured to be l by a reliable fixing mode0。l0The distance (or pile diameter) of the acoustic pipe 6 can be determined, and is preferably 30-50 cm. Three transducers in the transducer string are respectively numbered and connected to different receiving channels of the acoustic detector 8. Another sound wave transducer is taken as a sound wave transmitting transducer 1 to be connected into a transmitting channel of the sound wave detector 8.
The sound wave transmitting transducer 1 and the three sound wave receiving transducers are both hung in the sounding pipe 6 through transducer connecting wires 7, and the sound wave transmitting transducer 1 and the three sound wave receiving transducers need to be placed in different sounding pipes. The 4 transducers are each connected to an external acoustic detector 8 by respective leads 7. The transducer connecting wire 7 is used for connecting the four transducers and the acoustic wave detector 8 for data transmission; on the other hand, the acoustic transducer is suspended as a suspension rope into the acoustic pipe 6. Therefore, the length of the transducer connecting lead 7 should be larger than that of the concrete cast-in-place pile 5 to be tested, and a depth mark should be arranged on the transducer connecting lead so as to confirm the hoisting depth of the transducer in the pipe. The three sound wave receiving transducers can be hung by different connecting wires 7, or the same connecting wire 7 can be adopted, but the data transmission needs to be kept independent. In addition, since the acoustic pipe 6 needs to be filled with clear water as an acoustic coupling agent, the 4 acoustic transducers and the transducer connecting wires 7 all need to meet certain water tightness requirements.
The sound wave detector 8 equipped in the device needs to be capable of realizing sound wave pulse emission and displaying and recording received sound wave signals, and the instrument with the function of displaying the first wave in real time and capable of realizing spectrum analysis is good, and has at least 1 transmitting channel and 3 receiving channels.
The principle of detecting the concrete sound wave velocity of the foundation pile by the device is shown in fig. 2, wherein the dotted line is an acoustic line. Taking the case of three transducers at the receiving end as an example, the transducer at the upper position relative to the transducer string is referred to as an upper acoustic wave receiving transducer 2, the transducer at the middle position relative to the transducer string is referred to as a middle acoustic wave receiving transducer 3, and the transducer at the lower position relative to the transducer string is referred to as a lower acoustic wave receiving transducer 4. Due to the spacing l of the sound receiving transducers0Smaller, the upper acoustic wave receiving transducer 2, the middle acoustic wave receiving transducer 3, and the lower acoustic wave receiving transducer 4 can be approximately regarded as being on the same straight line. A rectangular coordinate system is established by taking the position of the medium sound wave receiving transducer 3 as an original point (0,0), the linear direction of the 3 sound wave receiving transducers is taken as an axis y, and the vertical direction is taken as an axis x. The coordinate of the upward sound wave receiving transducer 2 is known as (0, l)0) The coordinates of the lower acoustic wave receiving transducer 3 are (0, -l)0). Every time the sound wave transmitting transducer 1 transmits a sound wave, the sound wave passes through the pile body concrete and reaches the sound wave receiving transducer, and the upper sound wave receiving transducer 2, the middle sound wave receiving transducer 3 and the lower sound wave receiving transducer 4 can respectively measure three different sounds: t isu(upper) Tc(middle) and (T)d(below). Assuming that the coordinates of the acoustic wave transmitting transducer 1 are (x, y) and the sound velocity of the concrete in the test range is v, the following equation set can be obtained according to the geometric relationship:
solving the equation set can calculate the sound velocity of the pile body concrete in the test range as follows:
the calculation of the speed of sound calculation by the present method is only spaced l from the receiving transducer 2/3/40And receive the sound time (T) measured by the transducer 2/3/4u、Tc、Td) In this connection, it is therefore not necessary to measure and correct the distance between the sound tube 6 and it can also be used when there is a certain inclination and offset of the sound tube 6, and it is not necessary to ensure that the sound emitting transducer and the receiving transducer are at the same height. Compared with the traditional sound wave transmission method which adopts a tube distance/sound time calculation method, the method is more accurate and simpler.
According to the acoustic wave velocity calculation method, the vertical one-shot multiple-shot foundation pile sound velocity detection device provided by the invention can be used for detecting the concrete acoustic wave velocity of a foundation pile generally and identifying and positioning the defects of a pile body.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3. The sound emitting transducer 1 is suspended in the sound tube on one side and the sound receiving transducer string 2/3/4 is suspended in the sound tube on the other side. The acoustic transmitting transducer 1 is located at a depth ziThe sound wave transmitting transducer 1 transmits a sound wave, and the three receiving transducers 2/3/4 acquire a group of sound wave data (including T)u,i、Tc,i、Td,i) Thereby obtaining the wave velocity v of the sound wave in the test rangei. Then synchronously lifting the sound wave transmitting transducer 1 and the sound wave receiving transducer 2/3/4 to the sound wave transmitting transducer 1 with the depth zi+1Then, the sound wave emission is carried out again to obtain Tu,i+1、Tc,i+1、Td,i+1And the wave velocity v of the sound wave within the test rangei+1. To avoid missing a test, the difference in height Δ l (═ z) of the two testsi+1-zi) Should not be greater than 100 mm. And continuously lifting the sound wave transmitting transducer 1 and the sound wave receiving transducer 2/3/4 until the detection of the whole bottom-to-top section of the foundation pile is completed.
Therefore, n sound wave velocity values corresponding to the foundation pile near different depths of the detection section can be obtained through n times of detection, and a sound velocity-depth curve is drawn according to data. Determining the sound velocity abnormity judgment probability statistic value through n sound velocity values, and determining the sound velocity abnormity judgment critical value v of the section by combining the concrete sound velocity condition of a reserved sample under the same condition or a core sample obtained by a drilling coring methodc(the specific determination method can refer to the current foundation pile detection technical specification JGJ 106-2014). If v isi≤vcThen, the depth z is determinediThe nearby sound velocity is abnormal. When abnormal sound velocity conditions continuously occur in a certain section, the incomplete pile body can be judged.
The invention provides a vertical one-shot multiple-shot time-base pile sound velocity detection method based on the detection device and the sound velocity calculation principle, which can be used for simultaneously detecting the concrete sound wave velocity and the pile body integrity of a base pile, and the implementation process is as shown in fig. 4, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) before testing, relevant instruments (four acoustic wave transducers and an acoustic wave detector 8) are checked and debugged, the smooth and vertical conditions of the acoustic pipe 6 are checked, if the acoustic pipe 6 is blocked or bent, the method cannot be implemented, and other foundation pile detection methods need to be considered. After the examination is finished, the sound measuring tube 6 is filled with clear water;
2) three (or more) acoustic wave transducers are combined into a transducer string 2/3/4 in a reliable manner with a vertical transducer spacing of l0The transducers are respectively numbered and connected to different receiving channels of the acoustic detector 8, and the length of the transducers is fixed to be 30-50 cm (specifically, the distance between the acoustic tubes can be determined). Another acoustic wave transmitting transducer 1 is taken as a transmitting end and is connected into a transmitting channel of the acoustic wave detector;
3) the sound wave transmitting transducer 1, the upper sound wave receiving transducer 2, the middle sound wave receiving transducer 3 and the lower sound wave receiving transducer 4 are respectively hung in the two sound measuring tubes 6 as deep as possible by utilizing a transducer connecting lead 7;
4) checking whether the height difference between the acoustic emission transducer 1 and the middle receiving transducer 3 (when the number of the receiving transducers is an even number, the middle point of the transducer string is taken) is less than 100mm, and if the height difference does not meet the requirement, adjusting;
5) record sound wave emitting transducer 1 degree of depth, sound wave emitting transducer 1 transmits once ultrasonic wave, and the sound wave passes the concrete medium and reaches the receiving terminal, and sound wave detector 8 gathers the sound wave signal that sound wave receiving transducer 2, well sound wave receiving transducer 3 and lower sound wave receiving transducer 4 received, reads the first wave sound time data of 3 receiving transducers respectively: t isu(upper) Tc(middle) and Td(below), calculating the concrete sound velocity in the test range:
6) synchronously lifting the sound wave transmitting transducer 1 and the sound wave transmitting transducer string from bottom to top once, wherein the lifting height of each time is not more than 100mm, and recording the depth of the lifted sound wave transmitting transducer 1;
7) continuously repeating the steps 4) -6) until the transducer reaches the pile top, so that full-length detection from the pile bottom to the pile top is completed, analyzing the detection data of each depth, drawing a sound velocity-depth curve of the detection section, and completing the detection of the detection section formed by the two current sounding pipes 6;
8) if the number of the sounding pipes 6 is more than two, namely the number of the detection sections is multiple, placing the sound wave transmitting transducer 1 and the sound wave transmitting transducer in series in the combination of other sounding pipes 6, and repeating the steps 3) -7) until the detection of all the detection sections is completed;
9) and judging the integrity of the pile body according to the acoustic characteristics of the foundation pile from bottom to top. In this embodiment, the determination criteria may specifically adopt the following:
a. for each detection section, the sound velocities of all the measuring points are basically consistent, and the acoustic parameters and the sound wave waveforms of each acoustic line are not abnormal (or abnormal areas are not continuously distributed in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction), the current foundation pile is judged to have no defects, and the pile body is complete;
b. for one or more detection sections, if a continuously distributed sound velocity abnormal section exists (the sound velocity of the area is obviously lower than that of other areas of the pile body, or is obviously lower than the concrete sound velocity value determined by a reserved concrete sample/drilling coring core sample under the same condition, and can be determined by comparing the sound velocity abnormal judgment critical value with the sound velocity abnormal judgment critical value), and the sound survey line waveform of the abnormal section is distorted, and other acoustic parameters (wave amplitude, main frequency and the like) are also abnormal, the defect existing in the current foundation pile can be judged, and the pile body is incomplete;
10) the method for determining the position of the pile body defect comprises the following steps:
a. the depth of the defect can be determined by the position of the sound velocity abnormal section on the sound velocity-depth curve;
b. the (radial) spatial distribution of defects can be generally comprehensively judged according to the test results of all detection sections at the same depth;
c. the determination can be further made by performing encryption testing on the abnormal sound velocity zone.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the technical scheme obtained by adopting the mode of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a vertical one-generation multi-harvesting foundation pile sound wave speed detection device which characterized in that: comprises a sound wave transmitting transducer (1), a sound wave receiving transducer string, a sound detecting tube (6), a transducer connecting lead (7) and a sound wave detector (8); at least two sound measuring tubes (6) are vertically embedded in a reinforcement cage of a concrete cast-in-place pile (5); the sound wave receiving transducer string is formed by connecting an upper sound wave receiving transducer (2), a middle sound wave receiving transducer (3) and a lower sound wave receiving transducer (4) in series, and the sound wave transmitting transducer (1) and the sound wave receiving transducer string are respectively hung in different sound measuring tubes (6); the sound wave transmitting transducer (1) and the sound wave receiving transducer are connected with a sound wave detector (8) on the ground through transducer connecting wires (7).
2. The vertical one-generation multiple-harvesting foundation pile acoustic wave velocity detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the sounding pipes (6) are arranged along the whole length of the pile body, and at least two sounding pipes (6) are uniformly and symmetrically distributed at different positions of the cross section of the concrete cast-in-place pile (5); the acoustic pipe (6) is made of rigid material, the lower end of the acoustic pipe (6) is closed, the upper end of the acoustic pipe is covered, and no foreign matter exists in the acoustic pipe.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic wave velocity detection device is arranged on the vertical one-shot multiple-shot foundation pileIs characterized in that: in the sound wave receiving transducer string, the upper sound wave receiving transducer (2) and the lower sound wave receiving transducer (4) keep the same distance l with the middle sound wave receiving transducer (3)0，l0＝30～50cm。
4. The vertical one-generation multiple-harvesting foundation pile acoustic wave velocity detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the acoustic wave transmitting transducer (1) and the acoustic wave receiving transducer string are cylindrical radial acoustic wave transducers with outer diameters smaller than the inner diameter of the sounding pipe (6), the acoustic wave transmitting transducer and the acoustic wave receiving transducer string are watertight, and each acoustic wave transmitting transducer and each acoustic wave receiving transducer are provided with a centralizer to ensure the stability of test parameters.
5. The vertical one-generation multiple-harvesting foundation pile acoustic wave velocity detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the transducer connecting lead (7) is provided with a depth mark to meet the water tightness requirement, and the length of the transducer connecting lead is larger than that of the concrete cast-in-place pile (5) to be detected.
6. The vertical one-generation multiple-harvesting foundation pile acoustic wave velocity detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the sound wave detector (8) can realize sound wave pulse emission and can display and record sound wave signals received by the sound wave receiving transducer in series in real time.
7. The vertical one-generation multiple-harvesting foundation pile acoustic wave velocity detection device according to claim 6, wherein: the acoustic detector has at least 1 transmitting channel and at least 3 receiving channels.
8. The vertical one-generation multiple-harvesting foundation pile acoustic wave velocity detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the pile diameter of the concrete cast-in-place pile (5) is not less than 600 mm.
9. A vertical one-transmitting-multiple-receiving foundation pile acoustic wave velocity detection analysis method using the detection device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, which is used for testing the acoustic wave velocity of foundation pile concrete and identifying and positioning defects of a pile body, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) before testing, checking the smoothness and the verticality of the acoustic testing pipes (6), and filling clear water into each acoustic testing pipe to serve as an acoustic coupling agent;
2) vertically combining 3 sound wave receiving transducers into a sound wave receiving transducer string, wherein the vertical spacing of adjacent sound wave receiving transducers is fixed to be l03 sound wave receiving transducers are respectively numbered and connected to different receiving channels of the sound wave detector (8); taking another 1 sound wave transmitting transducer (1) as a transmitting end to be connected into a transmitting channel of the sound wave detector (8);
3) the sound wave transmitting transducer (1) and the sound wave transmitting transducer string are respectively hung in the two sounding pipes (6) as deep as possible by utilizing the transducer connecting lead (7), so that the depths of the sound wave transmitting transducer (1) and the medium sound wave transmitting transducer (3) are kept to be the same;
4) the sound wave transmitting transducer (1) transmits primary ultrasonic waves, sound wave signals received by the upper sound wave receiving transducer (2), the middle sound wave receiving transducer (3) and the lower sound wave receiving transducer (4) are collected through the sound wave detector (8), and data when head sound of the 3 receiving transducers is read respectively are Tu、TcAnd Td(ii) a Calculating according to the geometrical relationship to obtain the concrete sound velocity as follows:
in the formula: v is the concrete sound wave speed in the test range;
5) synchronously lifting the sound wave transmitting transducer (1) and the sound wave receiving transducer from bottom to top once, wherein the single lifting height is not more than 100mm, and recording the depth of the lifted sound wave transmitting transducer (1);
6) continuously repeating the steps 4) to 5) until the full-length detection from the pile bottom to the pile top is completed, calculating and analyzing the detection data of each depth, drawing a sound velocity-depth curve, and completing the detection of the detection section formed by the two current sounding pipes (6);
7) if the number of the sounding pipes (6) is more than two, placing the sound wave transmitting transducer (1) and the sound wave transmitting transducer in series in the combination of other sounding pipes (6), and repeating the steps 4) to 6) until the detection of all detection profiles is completed;
8) and judging the integrity of the pile body according to the acoustic characteristics of the foundation pile from bottom to top.
10. The method for detecting and analyzing the acoustic wave velocity of the vertical one-generation multiple-retraction type foundation pile according to claim 9, wherein the principle of judging the integrity of the pile body is as follows: for one or more detection sections, if a sound velocity abnormal section which is longitudinally and continuously distributed exists, the waveform of a sound survey line of the abnormal section is distorted, and other acoustic parameters including wave amplitude and main frequency are abnormal, judging that the current foundation pile has defects and the pile body is incomplete; meanwhile, determining the depth of the defect according to the position of the sound velocity abnormal section on the sound velocity-depth curve; and comprehensively judging the spatial distribution of the pile body defects according to the test results of all the detection sections at the same depth, or further determining the spatial distribution of the pile body defects by carrying out encryption test on the sections with abnormal sound velocity.
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