CN113294919A - Positive displacement solar cavity heat absorber with rotary heat absorber - Google Patents

Positive displacement solar cavity heat absorber with rotary heat absorber Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113294919A
CN113294919A CN202110640084.5A CN202110640084A CN113294919A CN 113294919 A CN113294919 A CN 113294919A CN 202110640084 A CN202110640084 A CN 202110640084A CN 113294919 A CN113294919 A CN 113294919A
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China
Prior art keywords
heat
absorber
working medium
cavity
heat absorber
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CN202110640084.5A
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Chinese (zh)
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颜健
刘永祥
田勇
聂笃忠
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Hunan University of Science and Technology
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Hunan University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN202110640084.5A priority Critical patent/CN113294919A/en
Publication of CN113294919A publication Critical patent/CN113294919A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/40—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors responsive to temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a positive displacement solar cavity heat absorber with a rotating heat absorber, which comprises an outer cylinder, the heat absorber, a glass cover plate, a motor, a controller, a temperature sensor and the like; the heat absorbing body consists of a heat absorbing main body in a concave cavity, a plurality of outer fins arranged on the outer side surface and the outer bottom surface of the heat absorbing main body, a plurality of inner fins arranged on the inner side surface of the heat absorbing main body and a transmission shaft arranged at the bottom of the heat absorbing main body; the inner surface of the concave cavity of the heat absorption main body absorbs sunlight; the side wall and the bottom of the heat absorption main body and the outer fins are provided with a plurality of through holes; the transmission shaft is matched with a stepped hole at the bottom of the outer cylinder body through a shaft surface and a mounted bearing, and the tail end of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor through a connecting sleeve. The motor is controlled to drive the heat absorbing body to rotate, so that the convective heat transfer strength between the heat absorbing body and the heat transfer working medium is improved, the working temperature distribution of the heat absorbing body and the uniformity of the absorbed solar energy distribution are improved, and the safe, reliable and efficient operation of the solar heat absorber is realized.

Description

Positive displacement solar cavity heat absorber with rotary heat absorber
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solar light-gathering heat-collecting utilization, and relates to a solar heat absorber, in particular to a positive displacement solar cavity heat absorber with a rotating heat absorber.
Background
Solar energy is clean, environment-friendly and widely distributed renewable energy, and the development and utilization of solar energy for high-temperature heat supply or thermal power generation is one of important ways for realizing sustainable development of human beings. The technology is usually realized by adopting a condenser consisting of a large-area reflector to gather low-density sunlight into a small cavity heat absorber and absorb the low-density sunlight by a heat absorber in the heat absorber, so that high temperature is generated to heat a heat transfer working medium, and the conversion of solar light energy into working medium heat energy is realized; then, heat is supplied to the outside through the hot working mediums, or a heat engine (such as a steam turbine engine) is pushed to do work to drive a generator and produce electric energy. No matter medium-high temperature heat supply or high-grade solar photo-thermal power generation utilization, the solar heat absorber is always the core device of the system, and the photo-thermal conversion performance of the system directly influences the operation efficiency and the economical efficiency of the whole solar photo-thermal utilization system.
Because the working temperature of the air medium is not limited (can be more than 1000 ℃), the air medium does not have the problems of high-temperature decomposition (generally within 500 ℃) and low-temperature freezing and the like fused salt and heat conducting oil for solar photo-thermal, and the air medium is very convenient and cheap to obtain. Therefore, a positive displacement solar heat absorber using air as a heat transfer medium is one of important forms of solar high-temperature heat utilization. In the prior art (such as the publication No. CN103123175B and the patent No. ZL 201610803966.8), the positive displacement solar heat absorber generally comprises an outer cylinder in the shape of a cavity, a heat absorber made of a porous medium material and installed inside the outer cylinder, and a glass cover plate fixed at the front end opening position of the sealed cylinder and used for transmitting sunlight collected by a condenser to form a closed cavity; the heat absorber absorbs the gathered solar energy, air enters the cavity from the air inlet pipe on the side of the sealing cylinder body close to the glass cover plate, and then flows out along the air outlet pipe at the tail end of the sealing cylinder body after being heated by the heat absorber. During actual operation, the radiation energy collected on the heat absorber in the solar light-collecting and heat-collecting system is extremely uneven in distribution, and the working medium usually flows in from one side of the heat absorber and flows out from the other side of the heat absorber, so that the whole heat exchange contact frequency is limited; and along with the dual influence of on-way flow resistance and temperature difference (working medium and heat absorbing body), the heat exchange intensity near the outlet side is obviously reduced, especially for the high heat flow area if the heat exchange is not timely will lead to the heat absorbing body to produce high temperature difference and high temperature hot spot, easily make the heat absorbing body produce unfavorable problems such as thermal stress destruction and thermal ablation. Therefore, the invention creates a new type of volumetric solar heat absorber, improves the flow heat exchange capability of the volumetric solar heat absorber, improves the light-heat conversion efficiency and the temperature distribution uniformity of the heat absorber, and is particularly important for engineering practice.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a positive displacement solar cavity heat absorber with a rotating heat absorber, which has a simple structure and is convenient to operate; the heat absorber in the outer barrel is driven by the motor to rotate, so that the convective heat transfer strength between the heat absorber and the heat transfer working medium is enhanced, the solar energy absorbed in the circumferential direction of the heat absorber can be dynamically homogenized, the light-heat conversion efficiency of the solar heat absorber and the temperature distribution uniformity of the heat absorber are effectively improved, and the safe, reliable and efficient operation of the volumetric solar heat absorber is realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a positive displacement solar cavity heat absorber with a rotary heat absorber comprises an outer cylinder body in an axisymmetric cavity structure, a heat absorber, a glass cover plate, a heat insulation layer, a working medium inflow pipe and a working medium outflow pipe, wherein the front end plate of the outer cylinder body is provided with a hole; the heat absorbing body consists of a heat absorbing main body with a concave cavity structure with an opening at one side, a plurality of outer fins uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer side surface and the outer bottom surface of the heat absorbing main body, a plurality of inner fins uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner side surface of the heat absorbing main body and a transmission shaft with steps fixedly connected to the outer surface of the bottom of the heat absorbing main body; the inner surface of the concave cavity of the heat absorption body faces the glass cover plate and absorbs solar light energy transmitted from the glass cover plate; the side wall and the bottom of the heat absorption main body and the outer fins are provided with a plurality of through holes; the transmission shaft is provided with a bearing, the shaft surface of the transmission shaft and the outer ring of the bearing are matched with a stepped hole arranged at the center of the bottom of the outer cylinder body, and the axial positioning of the transmission shaft is carried out through an end cover arranged at the bottom of the outer cylinder body; the tail end of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor through a connecting sleeve.
In the above volumetric solar cavity heat absorber with a rotating heat absorber, the concave cavity structure of the heat absorbing body is a cylindrical cavity, a conical cavity or a spherical cavity structure; the heat absorbing body is made of porous medium materials.
In the positive displacement solar cavity heat absorber with the rotating heat absorbing body, the working medium inflow pipe is positioned near the glass cover plate, and the tail end of the working medium inflow pipe extending into the inner cavity of the outer cylinder body is positioned in the concave cavity of the heat absorbing body; the working medium outflow pipe is positioned at the bottom of the outer cylinder body.
In the above volumetric solar cavity heat absorber with a rotating heat absorber, the outer fins and the inner fins are vertically or spirally arranged along the height direction of the heat absorbing body; the cross-sectional shapes of the outer fin and the inner fin are rectangular, crescent or circular arc.
In the positive displacement solar cavity heat absorber with the rotating heat absorber, the positive displacement solar cavity heat absorber also comprises a working medium pump, a controller, a direct solar radiation sensor, a temperature sensor and a flow sensor, wherein the working medium pump is communicated with a working medium inflow pipe; the temperature sensor and the flow sensor are arranged in the working medium outflow pipe; the controller controls the operation parameters of the motor and the working medium pump according to the maximum target of the conversion efficiency of collected signals from solar energy to working medium heat energy.
In the positive displacement solar cavity heat absorber with the rotating heat absorbing body, the sealing ring is arranged at the part of the transmission shaft directly matched with the stepped hole of the outer cylinder body, so that the leakage of a heat exchange working medium in the outer cylinder body is prevented.
In the above volumetric solar cavity heat absorber with a rotating heat absorbing body, the inner surface and the outer surface of the heat absorbing body are provided with a plurality of raised T-shaped bags for enhancing heat exchange, and the T-shaped bags are of triangular, cylindrical and rectangular structures.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has simple structure, convenient operation and low cost; the heat absorber comprises a heat absorbing body, a plurality of outer fins and inner fins, wherein the outer fins and the inner fins are arranged on the heat absorbing body and used for enhancing the heat exchange capacity; in addition, the heat absorber also comprises a working medium pump communicated with the working medium inflow pipe, a controller, a direct solar radiation sensor, a temperature sensor and a flow sensor which are arranged in the working medium outflow pipe, and according to the measurement information of the direct solar radiation sensor, the temperature sensor and the flow sensor, the controller controls the operation parameters of the motor and the working medium pump according to the maximum target of the conversion efficiency from solar energy to working medium heat energy, so that the light-heat conversion efficiency of the positive displacement solar heat absorber is fully improved, and the safe, reliable and efficient operation of the solar heat absorber is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a positive displacement solar heat absorber according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the heat absorber in the positive displacement solar heat absorber of the present invention.
In the figure: 1, a frame; 2, insulating layer; 3, an outer cylinder body; 301 — front end plate; 302-working medium outflow pipe; 303-working medium inflow pipe; 4-a heat absorber; 401 — a heat absorbing body; 402-outer fins; 403 — inner fins; 404-a drive shaft; 405-D package; 5, sealing rings; 6, a bearing; 7-end cover; 8, connecting a sleeve; 9-an electric motor; 10-a glass cover plate; 11-a temperature sensor; 12-a flow sensor; 13-a controller; 14-direct solar radiation sensor; 15-working medium pump.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention includes an outer cylinder 3 having an axisymmetric cavity structure, a through hole formed on a front end plate 301 thereof, a heat absorbing body 4 disposed in the outer cylinder 3 and coaxially disposed with the outer cylinder 3, a glass cover plate 10 installed at an opening of the front end plate 301 and sealing the outer cylinder 3, a heat insulating layer 2 wrapped outside the outer cylinder 3 for heat insulation, a working medium inflow pipe 303 and a working medium outflow pipe 302 communicated with an inner cavity of the outer cylinder 3; the heat absorbing body 4 consists of a heat absorbing main body 401 with a concave cavity structure with an opening at one side, a plurality of outer fins 402 uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the outer side surface and the outer bottom surface of the heat absorbing main body 401, a plurality of inner fins 403 uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner side surface of the heat absorbing main body 401 and a transmission shaft 404 with steps fixedly connected to the outer surface of the bottom of the heat absorbing main body 401; the inner surface of the concave cavity of the heat absorbing body 401 faces the glass cover plate 10 and serves to absorb solar light energy transmitted from the glass cover plate 10; the side wall and the bottom of the heat absorption body 401 and the outer fins 402 are provided with a plurality of through holes; the transmission shaft 404 is provided with a bearing 6, the shaft surface of the transmission shaft 404 and the outer ring of the bearing 6 are matched with a stepped hole arranged at the center of the bottom of the outer cylinder 3, and the axial positioning of the transmission shaft 404 is carried out through an end cover 7 arranged at the bottom of the outer cylinder 3; a sealing ring 5 is arranged at the part of the transmission shaft 401 directly matched with the stepped hole of the outer cylinder 3 and is used for preventing the heat exchange working medium in the outer cylinder 3 from leaking; the tail end of the transmission shaft 404 is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor 9 through a connecting sleeve 8, and the motor 9 is fixed on the frame 1. The working medium inflow pipe 303 is located near the glass cover plate 10, the end of the working medium inflow pipe 303 extending into the inner cavity of the outer cylinder 3 is located in the concave cavity of the heat absorption main body 401, and the working medium outflow pipe 302 is located at the bottom of the outer cylinder 3. The heat absorber 4 is driven by the motor 9 to rotate reasonably, the heat exchange working medium in the outer cylinder 3 is disturbed fully, the convective heat exchange strength between the heat absorber 4 and the heat transfer working medium is enhanced effectively, the density of solar energy absorbed in the circumferential direction of the heat absorber 4 can be homogenized dynamically by the rotation, and the temperature distribution uniformity of the heat absorber 4 is improved.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention further includes a working medium pump 15 communicated with the working medium inflow pipe 303, a controller 13, a direct solar radiation sensor 14, a temperature sensor 11 and a flow sensor 12; the temperature sensor 11 and the flow sensor 12 are arranged inside the working fluid outflow pipe 302; the direct solar radiation sensor 14, the temperature sensor 11 and the flow sensor 12 transmit measurement signals to the controller 13, the controller 13 controls the operation parameters of the motor 9 and the working medium pump 15 according to the maximum conversion efficiency of collected signals from solar energy to working medium heat energy, so that the light-heat conversion efficiency of the solar heat absorber is fully improved, and the safe, reliable and efficient operation of the solar heat absorber is realized.
As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of raised buns 405 for enhancing heat exchange are arranged on the inner surface and the outer surface of the heat absorption body 401, the buns 405 can be in a triangular, cylindrical or rectangular structure, and the convective heat exchange capability is increased by adding the buns on the surface of the heat absorption body 401. The concave cavity structure of the heat absorption body 401 can be a cylindrical cavity, a conical cavity or a spherical cavity, and the like, and the heat absorption body 401 can be made of porous medium materials, so that the heat exchange capacity of solid and gas working media is improved. The outer fins 402 and the inner fins 403 are vertically or spirally arranged along the height direction of the heat absorption body 401; the cross-sectional shapes of the outer fin 402 and the inner fin 403 are rectangular, crescent, or circular arc.

Claims (7)

1. A positive displacement solar cavity heat absorber with a rotary heat absorber comprises an outer cylinder body in an axisymmetric cavity structure, a heat absorber, a glass cover plate, a heat insulation layer, a working medium inflow pipe and a working medium outflow pipe, wherein the front end plate of the outer cylinder body is provided with a hole; the heat absorption body is characterized by comprising a heat absorption body with a concave cavity structure with an opening at one side, a plurality of outer fins uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the outer side surface and the outer bottom surface of the heat absorption body, a plurality of inner fins uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner side surface of the heat absorption body and a transmission shaft with steps fixedly connected to the outer surface of the bottom of the heat absorption body; the inner surface of the concave cavity of the heat absorption body faces the glass cover plate and absorbs solar light energy transmitted from the glass cover plate; the side wall and the bottom of the heat absorption main body and the outer fins are provided with a plurality of through holes; the transmission shaft is provided with a bearing, the shaft surface of the transmission shaft and the outer ring of the bearing are matched with a stepped hole arranged at the center of the bottom of the outer cylinder body, and the axial positioning of the transmission shaft is carried out through an end cover arranged at the bottom of the outer cylinder body; the tail end of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor through a connecting sleeve.
2. A volumetric solar cavity heat absorber with rotating absorber as defined in claim 1 wherein: the concave cavity structure of the heat absorption main body is a cylindrical cavity, a conical cavity or a spherical cavity structure; the heat absorbing body is made of porous medium materials.
3. A volumetric solar cavity heat absorber with rotating absorber as defined in claim 1 wherein: the working medium inflow pipe is positioned near the glass cover plate, and the tail end of the working medium inflow pipe extending into the inner cavity of the outer cylinder body is positioned in the concave cavity of the heat absorption main body; the working medium outflow pipe is positioned at the bottom of the outer cylinder body.
4. A volumetric solar cavity heat absorber with rotating absorber as defined in claim 1 wherein: the outer fins and the inner fins are vertically or spirally arranged along the height direction of the heat absorption main body; the cross-sectional shapes of the outer fin and the inner fin are rectangular, crescent or circular arc.
5. A volumetric solar cavity heat absorber with rotating absorber as defined in claim 1 wherein: the device also comprises a working medium pump, a controller, a direct solar radiation sensor, a temperature sensor and a flow sensor which are communicated with the working medium inflow pipe; the temperature sensor and the flow sensor are arranged in the working medium outflow pipe; the controller controls the operation parameters of the motor and the working medium pump according to the maximum target of the conversion efficiency of collected signals from solar energy to working medium heat energy.
6. A volumetric solar cavity heat absorber with rotating absorber as defined in claim 1 wherein: the part of the transmission shaft directly matched with the stepped hole of the outer cylinder body is provided with a sealing ring, so that the leakage of a heat exchange working medium in the outer cylinder body is prevented.
7. A volumetric solar cavity heat absorber with rotating absorber as defined in claim 1 wherein: the inner surface and the outer surface of the heat absorption main body are respectively provided with a plurality of raised T-shaped bags for enhancing heat exchange, and the T-shaped bags are of triangular, cylindrical or rectangular structures.
CN202110640084.5A 2021-06-09 2021-06-09 Positive displacement solar cavity heat absorber with rotary heat absorber Withdrawn CN113294919A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114440476A (en) * 2022-02-28 2022-05-06 湖南科技大学 Positive displacement solar heat absorber

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101122425A (en) * 2007-05-10 2008-02-13 中国科学院电工研究所 Silicon carbide foam ceramic solar energy air heat-absorbing device
CN201401973Y (en) * 2009-04-03 2010-02-10 方欣怡 Concentration system for disc solar rotary parabolic reflector
CN104197537A (en) * 2014-09-24 2014-12-10 中国科学院电工研究所 Positive displacement air thermal absorber with rotary heat absorption body
CN205373077U (en) * 2015-12-09 2016-07-06 福建工程学院 High -efficient heat transfer solar energy heat sink of efflux
CN107514823A (en) * 2017-08-10 2017-12-26 中广核工程有限公司 A kind of rotary photo-thermal power station heat dump and control method of uniformly absorbing heat
CN110762855A (en) * 2019-10-28 2020-02-07 湖南科技大学 Solar heat absorber driven by wind power to rotate and translate and working method thereof

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101122425A (en) * 2007-05-10 2008-02-13 中国科学院电工研究所 Silicon carbide foam ceramic solar energy air heat-absorbing device
CN201401973Y (en) * 2009-04-03 2010-02-10 方欣怡 Concentration system for disc solar rotary parabolic reflector
CN104197537A (en) * 2014-09-24 2014-12-10 中国科学院电工研究所 Positive displacement air thermal absorber with rotary heat absorption body
CN205373077U (en) * 2015-12-09 2016-07-06 福建工程学院 High -efficient heat transfer solar energy heat sink of efflux
CN107514823A (en) * 2017-08-10 2017-12-26 中广核工程有限公司 A kind of rotary photo-thermal power station heat dump and control method of uniformly absorbing heat
CN110762855A (en) * 2019-10-28 2020-02-07 湖南科技大学 Solar heat absorber driven by wind power to rotate and translate and working method thereof

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114440476A (en) * 2022-02-28 2022-05-06 湖南科技大学 Positive displacement solar heat absorber
CN114440476B (en) * 2022-02-28 2023-06-23 湖南科技大学 Volumetric solar heat absorber

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Application publication date: 20210824