Positive displacement solar heat absorber
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solar light-gathering and heat-collecting utilization, and particularly relates to a positive displacement solar heat absorber which absorbs heat by adopting transparent grids and spheres and exchanges heat with a gas working medium.
Background
Solar energy is clean, environment-friendly and widely distributed renewable energy, and the development and utilization of solar energy resources are one of important ways for realizing energy structure upgrading and assisting the aims of carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization in China. For example, solar energy is developed and utilized to perform high-temperature heat supply or thermal power generation, and the technology is generally realized by adopting a condenser consisting of a large-area reflector to gather low-density sunlight into a small cavity heat absorber and absorb the low-density sunlight by a heat absorber in the heat absorber, so that high temperature is generated to heat a heat transfer working medium, and the conversion of solar energy to working medium heat energy is realized; then, heat is supplied to the outside through the hot working mediums, or a heat engine (such as a steam turbine engine) is pushed to do work to drive a generator and produce electric energy. Whether medium-high temperature heat supply or high-grade solar photo-thermal power generation is utilized, the solar heat absorber is always the core device of the system, and the light-heat conversion performance and the operating temperature of the system directly influence the operating efficiency and the economical efficiency of the whole solar photo-thermal utilization system.
Because the working temperature of the air medium is not limited (can be more than 1000 ℃), the air medium does not have the problems of high-temperature decomposition (generally within 500 ℃) and low-temperature freezing and the like fused salt and heat conducting oil for solar photo-thermal, and the air medium is very convenient and cheap to obtain. Therefore, a positive displacement solar heat absorber using air as a heat transfer medium is one of important forms of solar high-temperature heat utilization. In the prior art (such as the publication No. CN103123175B and the patent No. ZL 201610803966.8), the positive displacement solar heat absorber generally comprises an outer cylinder in the shape of a cavity, a heat absorber made of a porous medium material and installed inside the outer cylinder, and a glass cover plate fixed at the front end opening position of the sealed cylinder and used for transmitting sunlight collected by a condenser to form a closed cavity; the heat absorber absorbs the gathered solar energy, air enters the cavity from the air inlet pipe on the side of the sealing cylinder body close to the glass cover plate, and then flows out along the air outlet pipe at the tail end of the sealing cylinder body after being heated by the heat absorber. In actual work, because the penetration distance of sunlight in the porous medium is very small, the main high-temperature areas are on the exposed surface layer, which causes serious infrared radiation heat loss; in addition, the existing porous medium heat absorber has insufficient heat storage capacity, and the heat storage capacity of the heat absorber is limited. Therefore, the traditional porous medium volumetric heat absorber concept is abandoned, and an integrated solar heat absorber with large heat storage capacity, high-efficiency light-heat conversion and low heat loss is invented and created, and is particularly important for improving the economic performance of a solar concentrating thermal power station.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a positive displacement solar heat absorber which has a simple structure, adopts transparent grids and spheres to absorb heat and exchanges heat with a gas working medium, and has the advantages of low heat loss, high-efficiency light-heat conversion effect and heat storage function.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a positive displacement solar heat absorber comprises a supporting cavity, at least one transparent grid positioned in the supporting cavity, a plurality of limiting rings, an elastic element, a heat absorbing ball element and a heat insulating layer wrapped on the outer surface of the supporting cavity; the supporting cavity consists of a cylinder body with a cylindrical or conical cavity of which the front end is fully opened, a front end plate fixedly arranged at the center of the front end surface of the opening of the cylinder body and provided with a circular through hole, and a quartz window fixedly arranged at the outer side of the front end plate and used for sealing the circular through hole of the front end plate; the transparent grid is formed by combining a concave curved surface provided with a plurality of holes and an annular body, the outer surface of the annular body is coaxial with the inner surface of the cylinder body and is slightly in clearance fit with the inner surface of the cylinder body, and the concave surface of the transparent grid faces the quartz window; the end face of one side of the annular body facing the front end plate is sequentially pressed against the front end plate through a limiting ring and an elastic element, and the other end of the annular body is tightly positioned against the limiting ring fixed on the inner surface of the cylinder body; the heat absorption sphere element comprises a sphere fixing net I, a sphere fixing net II, a sphere I and a sphere II, wherein the sphere fixing net I is fixed on the inner surface of the cylinder body at a certain distance from the convex surface of the transparent grid; the sphere fixing net I and the sphere fixing net II are high-temperature resistant metal mesh plates with large porosity for blocking sphere flow; the front end plate is provided with a working medium inflow hole, the bottom surface of the cylinder body is provided with a working medium outflow hole, and a high-temperature-resistant blocking net for blocking the outflow of the heat absorption ball body II is arranged inside the working medium outflow hole; the working medium is air or supercritical carbon dioxide.
In the positive displacement solar heat absorber, the outer surface of the sphere II is coated with a coating which has high sunlight absorption rate and low infrared emission; the sphere II is a spherical shell structure, the exterior of the sphere II is a metal or ceramic layer, and the interior of the sphere II is wrapped with a heat storage medium; the heat storage medium is a high-temperature phase-change material.
In the above volumetric solar heat absorber, there are 2 transparent grids, which are coaxially arranged in parallel and separated by a spacing ring; the transparent grid close to the front end plate is tightly propped against the front end plate through a limiting ring and an elastic element, and the transparent grid close to the heat absorption ball element is tightly positioned against the limiting ring fixed on the inner surface of the cylinder; the elastic element is a spring or a lamination with elasticity.
In the above positive displacement solar heat absorber, the transparent grid is made of quartz glass material, and the concave curved surface of the transparent grid is a conical curved surface, a spherical surface, a paraboloid or an ellipsoid; the concave surface of the curved surface is coated with an antireflection film for reducing the reflection of solar rays; the holes of the concave curved surface of the transparent grid are round, triangular, square or kidney-shaped holes; the holes are evenly arrayed along the circumference of the concave curved surface of the transparent grid.
In the above-mentioned positive displacement solar heat absorber, spheroid I and spheroid II all evenly range upon range of the arrangement, the diameter of spheroid I is greater than spheroid II.
In the above positive displacement solar heat absorber, the central circular through hole of the front end plate is coaxially arranged with the front end opening of the cylinder; the inner surface of the cylinder is coated with a high temperature resistant coating with low sunlight absorption rate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the invention, the transparent grid, the quartz heat absorption sphere I and the non-transparent heat absorption sphere II are sequentially arranged in the supporting cavity, sunlight collected by the condenser is transmitted and absorbs partial light energy sequentially through the transparent grid and the sphere I, and finally reaches the non-transparent heat absorption sphere II for complete absorption; gas working media flow through holes of the transparent grids and exchange heat, then sequentially enter the quartz spheres and the non-transparent spheres with heat storage to perform high-turbulence-intensity efficient heat exchange, so that a high-temperature heat exchange region is moved to a rear half region of the sphere I and a sphere II region, and the heat radiation low permeability of quartz materials is combined, so that the heat radiation loss to the external environment of the heat absorber can be effectively reduced; 2) the heat absorption, heat exchange and heat storage are carried out by adopting the sphere I and the sphere II wrapping the heat storage medium, so that the heat storage-heat transfer is effectively integrated, and the heat storage device has the characteristics of simple structure and reliable operation; 3) the low-temperature working medium firstly flows through the quartz window and the transparent grid of the heat absorber, so that the service temperature of the low-temperature working medium and the transparent grid can be effectively reduced, the heat loss can be reduced, the thermal stress of the low-temperature working medium and the transparent grid can be improved, and the service safety and reliability can be improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural sectional view of a positive displacement solar heat absorber according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a resilient element; 2-insulating layer; 3-a cylinder body; 4-a quartz window; 5-front end plate; 6-a limiting ring I; 7-transparent grid I; 8-a limiting ring II; 9-transparent grid II; 10-a stop collar III; 11-sphere fixing net I; 12-sphere I; 13-sphere fixing net II; 14-sphere II; 15-barrier net.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention comprises a supporting cavity, at least one transparent grid 7 located in the supporting cavity, a plurality of spacing rings (6, 8 and 10), an elastic element 1, a heat absorbing sphere element and an insulating layer 2 wrapped on the outer surface of the supporting cavity; the supporting cavity consists of a cylinder 3 with a cylindrical or conical cavity which is fully opened only at the front end, a front end plate 5 which is fixedly arranged at the center of the opening of the front end surface of the cylinder 3 and is provided with a circular through hole, and a quartz window 4 which is fixedly arranged at the outer side of the front end plate 5 and is used for sealing the circular through hole of the front end plate; the transparent grid 7 is formed by combining a concave curved surface provided with a plurality of holes and an annular body, the outer surface of the annular body is coaxial with the inner surface of the cylinder 3 and is slightly in clearance fit, and the concave surface of the transparent grid 7 faces the quartz window 4; the end face of one side of the annular body facing the front end plate 5 is sequentially pressed against the front end plate 5 through a limiting ring I6 and an elastic element 1, and the other end of the annular body is tightly positioned against a limiting ring III 10 fixed on the inner surface of the cylinder 3; the heat absorption sphere element comprises a sphere fixing net I11 which is fixed on the inner surface of the cylinder 3 at a certain distance from the convex surface of the transparent grid 7, a sphere fixing net II 13 which is positioned between the sphere fixing net I11 and the bottom surface of the cylinder 3 and is fixed on the inner surface of the cylinder, a sphere I12 which is made of quartz glass material and is arranged between the sphere fixing net I11 and the sphere fixing net II 13, and a sphere II 14 which is made of high-temperature-resistant metal or ceramic and is arranged between the sphere fixing net II 13 and the bottom surface of the cylinder 3; the sphere fixing net I11 and the sphere fixing net II 13 are high-temperature resistant metal mesh plates with large porosity for blocking sphere flow; the front end plate 5 is provided with a working medium inflow hole, the bottom surface of the cylinder 3 is provided with a working medium outflow hole, and a high-temperature resistant blocking net 15 for blocking the outflow of the heat absorption ball II 14 is arranged in the working medium outflow hole; the heat exchange working medium in the working medium inflow hole is air or gas working medium such as supercritical carbon dioxide.
Preferably, the outer surface of the sphere II 14 is coated with a coating which has high sunlight absorption rate and low infrared emission; the sphere II 14 is a spherical shell structure, the exterior of which is a metal or ceramic layer and the interior of which is wrapped with a heat storage medium; the heat storage medium is a high-temperature phase-change material.
Preferably, 2 transparent grids 7 are coaxially arranged in parallel and are separated by a limiting ring II 8; the transparent grid I7 close to the front end plate 5 is tightly propped against the front end plate 5 through the limiting ring I6 and the elastic element 1, and the transparent grid II 9 close to the heat absorption ball element is tightly positioned with the limiting ring III 10 fixed on the inner surface of the cylinder 3; the elastic element 1 is a spring or a laminate with elasticity.
Preferably, the transparent grid is made of quartz glass material, and the concave curved surface of the transparent grid is a conical curved surface, a spherical surface, a paraboloid or an ellipsoid; the concave surface of the curved surface is coated with an antireflection film for reducing the reflection of solar rays; the holes of the concave curved surface of the transparent grid are round, triangular, square or kidney-shaped holes; the holes are evenly arrayed along the circumference of the concave curved surface of the transparent grid.
Preferably, the spheres I12 and the spheres II 14 are uniformly stacked, and the diameter of the sphere I12 is larger than that of the sphere II 14.
Preferably, the central circular through hole of the front end plate 5 is coaxially arranged with the front end opening of the cylinder 3; the inner surface of the cylinder 3 is coated with a high temperature resistant coating having a low absorption of sunlight.