CN113294801B - Combustion device capable of realizing high-efficiency clean combustion of pure ammonia and control method thereof - Google Patents

Combustion device capable of realizing high-efficiency clean combustion of pure ammonia and control method thereof Download PDF

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CN113294801B
CN113294801B CN202110579860.5A CN202110579860A CN113294801B CN 113294801 B CN113294801 B CN 113294801B CN 202110579860 A CN202110579860 A CN 202110579860A CN 113294801 B CN113294801 B CN 113294801B
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ammonia
combustion
pipeline
gas
combustion chamber
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CN113294801A (en
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涂垚杰
刘豪
徐顺塔
黄璞
朱宁静
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/002—Gaseous fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C01B3/047—Decomposition of ammonia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/002—Gaseous fuel
    • F23K5/007—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of clean combustion, and discloses a combustion device capable of realizing high-efficiency clean combustion of pure ammonia, which comprises a combustion chamber, an ammonia tank and an air preheater, wherein the ammonia tank and the air preheater are communicated with the combustion chamber; also discloses a control method thereof, which comprises the following steps: s1, starting; s2, combustion self-maintaining stage. The invention realizes the high-efficiency stable combustion of pure ammonia on the premise of not mixing other combustible gases, and can realize the low-level emission of nitrogen oxides in combustion tail gas in a single combustion chamber.

Description

Combustion device capable of realizing high-efficiency clean combustion of pure ammonia and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of clean combustion, in particular to a combustion device capable of realizing high-efficiency clean combustion of pure ammonia and a control method thereof.
Background
Under the current environment-friendly background of 'carbon peak reaching' and 'carbon neutralization', the proportion of the conventional fossil fuel in the energy consumption of China is greatly reduced. Because new energy cannot completely replace fossil fuel to become a main body of energy supply at present, the development of novel low-carbon and even zero-carbon fuel has important significance for the transformation of energy structures in China. Among them, hydrogen is currently the most interesting clean fuel, but hydrogen has extremely high production and storage costs, and the transportation process also has a high explosion risk. In view of these problems, ammonia gas has been widely used as a new hydrogen energy carrier and "zero-carbon" fuel, has the advantages of low storage cost and high safety performance, and has recently received much attention at home and abroad.
China is a large country for producing ammonia gas, but in recent years, the ammonia gas is continuously produced in excess. If the surplus ammonia gas can be utilized, the method is helpful for accelerating the realization of energy structure transformation in China. In addition, the cost of synthetic ammonia is decreasing with the continuous progress of production process in recent years, which also provides excellent technical support for the utilization of ammonia gas as fuel. However, the chemical activity of ammonia gas is poor, and the problems of unstable flame, low efficiency and even flameout easily occur when pure ammonia is combusted; meanwhile, the nitrogen oxide level discharged by combustion is obviously increased due to the nitrogen element. Therefore, in order to improve the utilization rate of ammonia gas in industrial production, the technical problems of poor combustion stability, low efficiency and high nitrogen oxide emission must be solved.
In order to improve the stability of ammonia combustion, it is common to mix and combust with combustible gas with higher activity, such as methane, propane and liquefied petroleum gas, as provided in chinese patent CN 110440251B. The combustion device described in this patent needs to additionally increase the supply of carbon-containing combustible gas in the starting stage, which not only makes the system more complicated, but also cannot realize real zero-carbon emission, and in addition, the device needs to additionally treat nitrogen oxides in flue gas, which increases the cost. On the other hand, chinese patent CN 107810365B mixes ammonia and hydrogen, realizes stable combustion of ammonia, and reduces emission of nitrogen oxides by staged combustion technology. However, the combustion device in the patent comprises two combustion chambers connected in series, and combustion needs to be carried out under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure (1400-2100K, 10-30 bar), so that the structure is complex, the control cost is higher, and the combustion device is difficult to popularize and apply in conventional industrial heating equipment.
Another effective way to improve the combustion characteristics of ammonia is to partially crack the ammonia so that the fuel becomes a mixture of ammonia, hydrogen and nitrogen. Because the hydrogen has higher chemical activity, the combustion speed of the mixture can be accelerated, and the combustion stability is improved. Chinese patent CN 210656142U provides a thermal cracking hydrogen production device for assisting ammonia combustion, and the thermal cracking hydrogen production device and the ammonia combustion device are integrated, so that stable combustion of ammonia gas can be realized. However, the thermal cracking temperature of ammonia gas under normal pressure is extremely high (>1000 ℃), the ammonia thermal cracking hydrogen production device in the patent is positioned at the downstream of the ammonia combustion device, the temperature of combustion tail gas is low, and the combustion tail gas may not be enough to generate enough ammonia thermal cracking gas, which will affect the stable combustion effect of ammonia gas. Chinese patent CN 102348504B provides a catalyst capable of realizing high-efficiency thermal decomposition of ammonia gas at a lower temperature, but the catalyst also contains ammonia combustion catalytic effect, which results in that ammonia pyrolysis gas contains a large amount of water vapor and nitrogen gas, not only is unfavorable for combustion of ammonia gas, but also heat of tail exhaust smoke gas cannot be recovered, and energy waste is caused.
In addition, the above patents do not control the emission of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas from ammonia combustion, and will restrict the large-scale application of ammonia.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a combustion device capable of realizing high-efficiency clean combustion of pure ammonia and a control method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a can realize high-efficient clean burner who burns of pure ammonia, includes combustion chamber and the ammonia gas pitcher and the air heater who communicate with the combustion chamber, connect ammonia evaporimeter and ammonia pyrolysis electric heater respectively along ammonia direction of admitting air between ammonia gas pitcher and the combustion chamber, air heater communicates in proper order has ammonia pyrolysis reactor and SCR reactor.
As a further scheme of the invention: the air preheater is connected with a blower.
As a further scheme of the invention: and a pipeline b is connected between the ammonia evaporator and the ammonia pyrolysis electric heater.
As a further scheme of the invention: and a pipeline a is connected between the ammonia evaporator and the combustion chamber.
As a further scheme of the invention: the ammonolysis reactor is respectively connected with an ammonolysis electric heater and an ammonia evaporator through pipelines c.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and a pipeline d is connected between the SCR reactor and the ammonia evaporator.
A control method for high-efficiency clean combustion of pure ammonia comprises the following steps:
s1, starting: the ammonia pyrolysis electric heater works to ensure that the internal working temperature is 350-550 ℃, and 20% -50% of ammonia gas is decomposed into H from the evaporator through the ammonia pyrolysis electric heater2/N2The mixture enters a combustion chamber for combustion, the remaining 50-80% of ammonia gas enters the combustion chamber from an ammonia gas evaporator through a pipeline a for combustion, and a valve of a pipeline c is closed at the moment;
s2, combustion self-maintaining stage: when the internal temperature of the ammonia decomposition reactor reaches above 400 ℃, the combustion enters a self-maintaining stage, at the moment, a valve of a pipeline c is opened, a valve of a pipeline b is closed, and 20-50% of ammonia gas is decomposed into H from the evaporator through the reactor2/N2The mixture is burnt in the combustion chamber, and the rest 50-80% of ammonia gas is burnt in the combustion chamber from the evaporator through the pipeline a.
As a further scheme of the invention: the method also comprises a tail gas control step, which specifically comprises the following steps: a small amount of ammonia gas is pumped into the SCR reactor through a pipeline d to perform reduction reaction with NO in the combustion tail gas
As a further scheme of the invention: the heater and the reactor are filled with a catalyst.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention has the advantages of compact structure and simple flow, and is suitable for newly-built equipment or old equipment reconstruction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a combustion apparatus capable of realizing high-efficiency clean combustion of pure ammonia.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the decomposition degree of ammonia gas.
In the figure: the device comprises a 1-ammonia tank, a 2-ammonia evaporator, a 3-ammonia pyrolysis electric heater, a 4-blower, a 5-combustion chamber, a 6-air preheater, a 7-ammonia pyrolysis reactor and an 8-SCR reactor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, a combustion apparatus capable of realizing high-efficiency clean combustion of pure ammonia includes a combustion chamber 5, and an ammonia tank 1 and an air preheater 6 which are communicated with the combustion chamber 5, an ammonia evaporator 2 and an ammonia pyrolysis electric heater 3 are respectively connected between the ammonia tank 1 and the combustion chamber 5 along an ammonia gas inlet direction, the air preheater 6 is sequentially communicated with an ammonia pyrolysis reactor 7 and an SCR reactor 8, and the air preheater 6 is connected with a blower 4.
The ammonia gas generator is characterized in that a pipeline b is connected between the ammonia gas evaporator 3 and the ammonia pyrolysis electric heater 3, a pipeline a is connected between the ammonia gas evaporator 2 and the combustion chamber 5, the ammonia pyrolysis reactor 7 is connected with the ammonia pyrolysis electric heater 3 and the ammonia gas evaporator 2 through pipelines c, and a pipeline d is connected between the SCR reactor 8 and the ammonia gas evaporator 2.
The ammonia gas tank 1 is used for providing liquid pure ammonia; the ammonia evaporator 2 is used for gasifying the liquid ammonia to generate gaseous ammonia; the ammonia pyrolysis electric heater 3 is used in an ignition starting stage and is used for pyrolyzing part of ammonia gas to generate a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen, and an ammonia pyrolysis catalyst is contained in the ammonia pyrolysis electric heater; the blower 4 is used for providing air for combustion; the combustion chamber 5 is used for completely oxidizing the fuel and transferring the heat emitted by the fuel to a water-cooled wall; the air preheater 6 is used for recovering heat in the combustion tail gas into air; the ammonia pyrolysis reactor 7 utilizes the waste heat of the combustion tail gas to pyrolyze part of ammonia gas into a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen under the action of a catalyst; the SCR reactor 8 is used for reducing NO in the exhaust gas into N2。
A control method for high-efficiency clean combustion of pure ammonia comprises the following steps:
s1, starting: the ammonia pyrolysis electric heater 3 works to ensure that the internal working temperature is 350-550 ℃, and 20% -50% of ammonia gas is decomposed into H from the ammonia gas evaporator 2 through the ammonia pyrolysis electric heater 32/N2The mixture enters a combustion chamber 5 for combustion, the remaining 50-80% of ammonia gas enters the combustion chamber 5 from an ammonia gas evaporator 2 through a pipeline a for combustion, and a valve of a pipeline c is closed at the moment;
s2, combustion self-maintaining stage: when the internal temperature of the ammonia decomposition reactor 7 reaches more than 400 ℃, the combustion enters a self-maintenance stage, at the moment, a valve of a pipeline c is opened, a valve of a pipeline b is closed, 20 to 50 percent of ammonia gas is decomposed into a mixture of H2/N2 from the evaporator 2 through the reactor 7 and enters a combustion chamber 5 for combustion, and the rest 50 to 80 percent of ammonia gas enters the combustion chamber 5 from the evaporator 2 through a pipeline a for combustion;
since there will be NOx emissions at the burner outlet in both stages, an SCR tail gas treatment step is required, which is embodied as: a small amount of ammonia gas is drawn through line d into the SCR reactor 8 to undergo a reduction reaction with NO in the combustion exhaust gases, both in stages S1 and S2.
The inside of the ammonolysis electric heater 3 and the inside of the ammonolysis reactor 7 are respectively filled with a catalyst, and the catalyst component is Co/CeO2Mixtures of/Ce or Ru/K/CaO, etc.
An NO concentration detector is arranged at the rear end of the SCR reactor 8, and the amount of ammonia gas extracted in the pipe d is 0.378 w 10-6 (ma + m1+ m 3); where w is the detected NO concentration (in ppm), ma is the mass flow rate of the blower, m1 is the mass flow rate of ammonia in line a, and m3 is the mass flow rate of ammonia in line c.
Referring to FIG. 2, ammonia gas is less reactive, and the laminar flame speed of pure ammonia (at 0 degree of decomposition) is 8cm/s, but that of pure methane is 38 cm/s. By partial decomposition of ammonia gas to NH3/H2/N2The reactivity of the mixture of (1) is gradually increased, and the laminar flame speed is gradually increased. When NH is present3Is divided intoWhen the decomposition degree reaches 67%, the laminar flame speed is equivalent to methane.
Based on the theory, the ammonia gas is partially pyrolyzed and combusted, one part of the ammonia gas is pyrolyzed, and the other part of the ammonia gas is directly combusted. Since the pyrolysis of ammonia gas under conventional conditions requires high temperature and high pressure, a catalyst is required, so that the pyrolysis of ammonia gas is performed at low temperature and normal pressure. The temperature required by the ammonia pyrolysis is from the waste heat of the combustion tail gas, so that the waste heat loss can be reduced. Ammonia gas used for SCR denitration is from a fuel ammonia tank, and no redundant ammonia storage equipment is needed.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity purposes only, and it is to be understood that all embodiments may be combined as appropriate by one of ordinary skill in the art to form other embodiments as will be apparent to those of skill in the art from the description herein.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a can realize burner of high-efficient clean burning of pure ammonia, include the combustion chamber and with ammonia gas pitcher and the air heater of combustion chamber intercommunication, its characterized in that, connect ammonia evaporimeter and ammonia pyrolysis electric heater respectively along ammonia direction of admitting air between ammonia gas pitcher and the combustion chamber, air heater communicates in proper order has ammonia pyrolysis reactor and SCR reactor, be connected with pipeline b between ammonia evaporimeter and the ammonia pyrolysis electric heater, be connected with pipeline a between ammonia evaporimeter and the combustion chamber, the ammonia pyrolysis reactor is connected with ammonia pyrolysis electric heater and ammonia evaporimeter through pipeline c respectively.
2. The combustion device capable of realizing high-efficiency clean combustion of pure ammonia according to claim 1, wherein the air preheater is connected with a blower.
3. The combustion device capable of realizing high-efficiency clean combustion of pure ammonia according to claim 2, characterized in that a pipeline d is connected between the SCR reactor and the ammonia gas evaporator.
4. A control method capable of realizing high-efficiency clean combustion of pure ammonia is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, starting: the ammonia pyrolysis electric heater works, the internal working temperature of the ammonia pyrolysis electric heater is 350-550 ℃, 20-50% of ammonia gas is decomposed into a mixture of H2/N2 from the evaporator through the ammonia pyrolysis electric heater and enters the combustion chamber for combustion, the rest 50-80% of ammonia gas enters the combustion chamber from the ammonia gas evaporator through a pipeline a for combustion, and a valve of the pipeline c is closed at the moment;
s2, combustion self-maintaining stage: when the internal temperature of the ammonia decomposition reactor reaches above 400 ℃, the combustion enters a self-maintenance stage, at the moment, a valve of a pipeline c is opened, a valve of a pipeline b is closed, 20-50% of ammonia gas is decomposed into a mixture of H2/N2 from the evaporator through the reactor and enters a combustion chamber for combustion, and the remaining 50-80% of ammonia gas enters the combustion chamber from the evaporator through a pipeline a for combustion.
5. The control method capable of realizing the high-efficiency clean combustion of the pure ammonia according to claim 4, characterized by further comprising a tail gas control step, specifically: a small amount of ammonia gas is pumped into the SCR reactor through a pipeline d to perform reduction reaction with NO in the combustion tail gas.
6. The control method for realizing high-efficiency clean combustion of pure ammonia according to claim 4, characterized in that the heater and the reactor are respectively filled with a catalyst.
CN202110579860.5A 2021-05-26 2021-05-26 Combustion device capable of realizing high-efficiency clean combustion of pure ammonia and control method thereof Active CN113294801B (en)

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EP4163488A1 (en) * 2021-10-08 2023-04-12 Alfa Laval Corporate AB An arrangement for preparing a gaseous ammonia based fuel to be combusted in a boiler and a method thereof
CN113750790A (en) * 2021-10-09 2021-12-07 南通中远海运川崎船舶工程有限公司 Discharge device and method for removing ship nitrogen oxides by using volatilized ammonia gas
CN115234905A (en) * 2022-06-14 2022-10-25 大连理工大学 Combustion system and method for ammonia decomposition hydrogen production blended combustion of ammonia gas

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CN104675580A (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-06-03 王海斌 Novel automobile engine hydrogen and ammonia blended fuel supply device
CN204476558U (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-07-15 王海斌 A kind of gasoline of motor car engine and ammonia double fuel feeding mechanism
CN107288780A (en) * 2017-06-09 2017-10-24 厦门大学 Actuating unit with ammonia cracker
CN207162558U (en) * 2017-08-23 2018-03-30 南京合创工程设计有限公司 A kind of processing system of high-purity ammon factory richness ammonia tail gas
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