CN113293750B - Comprehensive ecological restoration method for moving dune - Google Patents
Comprehensive ecological restoration method for moving dune Download PDFInfo
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- CN113293750B CN113293750B CN202110584604.5A CN202110584604A CN113293750B CN 113293750 B CN113293750 B CN 113293750B CN 202110584604 A CN202110584604 A CN 202110584604A CN 113293750 B CN113293750 B CN 113293750B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
- E01F7/02—Snow fences or similar devices, e.g. devices affording protection against sand drifts or side-wind effects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of sand dune treatment, in particular to a comprehensive ecological restoration method for a moving sand dune. The restoration method comprises the steps of restoring the bottom of the sand dune, restoring the middle of the sand dune and restoring the top of the sand dune. According to the invention, sand dunes are divided into different parts according to different harmfulness degrees of wind sand, and a corresponding repairing method is adopted, so that a good repairing effect is achieved, and the cost is saved. The restoration method of the invention reduces the sand erosion modulus by more than 63%, the living planting survival rate of the shrub plants reaches more than 85%, the preservation rate reaches more than 80%, the vegetation coverage reaches more than 70%, and the annual growth of the shrub plants reaches more than 6 cm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sand dune treatment, in particular to a comprehensive ecological restoration method for a moving sand dune.
Background
The floating sand dunes are one of sand dune types classified according to the mobility of the sand dunes and are widely distributed in desert areas. The characteristics of a moving dune are: the vegetation on the ground surface is rare, the sand dune shape is typical, and the sand dune is easy to move along the wind direction under the action of wind power, so that the sand dune has great threat to traffic, industrial and agricultural construction.
At present, a restoration method is generally adopted for the treatment of a moving sand dune, such as a method for constructing a grass square sand barrier, and the restoration is carried out from bottom to top. However, different parts of a sand dune are damaged by wind and sand and have different erosion degrees, so that the water content and the nutrients of the soil are different, the repairing effect of the existing repairing method is not obvious, and the cost is wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a comprehensive ecological restoration method for a moving dune. The comprehensive ecological restoration method for the moving dune provided by the invention not only has a good restoration effect on the moving dune, but also saves the cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a comprehensive ecological restoration method for a moving sand dune, which is divided into three areas, namely a sand dune bottom area, a sand dune middle area and a sand dune top area according to the vertical height of the sand dune, wherein the three areas comprise the sand dune bottom ecological restoration, the sand dune middle ecological restoration and the sand dune top ecological restoration;
ecological restoration of sand dune bottom includes: transplanting the fertile shrub plants to the bottom area of the sand dune, and sowing grass seeds of the fertile herbaceous plants to the bottom area of the sand dune; after grass seeds are sown, spreading cow dung and/or sheep dung in the area where the grass seeds are sown;
ecological restoration in the middle of the sand dune comprises the following steps: laying a grid sand barrier, transplanting the proper-growing shrub plants to the inner side of the sand barrier, and sowing grass seeds of the proper-growing herbaceous plants to the area on the inner side of the grid sand barrier;
ecological restoration in sand dune top includes: sowing grass seeds of the fertile herbaceous plants to the top area of the sand dune; after grass seeds are sown, spreading cow dung and/or sheep dung in the area where the grass seeds are sown.
Preferably, the method for transplanting the shrub plants comprises the following steps: transplanting more than 2 species of suitable shrub plants in each hole; the transplanting quantity of each species of the suitable shrub plants is more than or equal to 2 plants/hole.
Preferably, the method for transplanting the shrub plant further comprises: when the suitable shrub plants are bare-rooted seedlings, the diameter of a transplanted seedling hole is 30m, and the depth of the transplanted seedling hole is 35cm; the height of the bare-rooted seedling is 45-90 cm, the ground diameter is 2-6 cm, the number of lateral roots is 5-10, the width of the lateral root is 25-40 cm, and the average root length is 18-25 cm;
when the proper shrub plants are container seedlings, the diameter and the depth of the transplanted seedling holes are 3-5 cm larger than those of the container; the height of the container seedling is 30-70 cm, the ground diameter is 1.5-5 cm, and the number of the first-level branches is 8-13.
Preferably, the species of said shrub plant comprises: salix matsudana, sea buckthorn, artemisia sphaerocephala and cypress twig with scale;
the species of the volunteer herbaceous plant include: elymus nutans, agropyron arenarium, poa annua, lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea.
Preferably, during sand dune bottom ecological remediation, mix sow behind the seed of suitable for living herbaceous plant, the volume of sowing is respectively: the leaf of Toxicodendron nutans is 10kg/hm 2 20kg/hm of sand-grown wheatgrass 2 15kg/hm of bluegrass 2 Ryegrass 10kg/hm 2 10kg/hm of festuca arundinacea 2 (ii) a The sowing mode is broadcast sowing;
when ecological restoration is carried out on the middle part of a sand dune, the sowing mode comprises drill sowing, the ditching direction of the drill sowing is vertical to the main wind direction, the width of the drill sowing is 10cm, and the depth of the drill sowing is 6cm; sowing after mixing the seeds of the proper-growth herbaceous plant, wherein the sowing amount is respectively as follows: the content of the elymus nutans is 8kg/hm 2 The content of the agropyron cristatum is 10kg/hm 2 Annual bluegrass 8kg/hm 2 Black, blackWheat straw 8kg/hm 2 8kg/hm of festuca arundinacea 2 ；
During sand dune top ecological remediation, mix sow behind the seed of suitable living herbaceous plant, the seeding rate is respectively: the content of the Elymus nutans is 15kg/hm 2 The content of the agropyron cristatum is 16kg/hm 2 Poa annua 14kg/hm 2 Ryegrass 10kg/hm 2 10kg/hm of festuca arundinacea 2 (ii) a The sowing mode comprises dibbling.
Preferably, when the cow dung is paved on the grass seed sowing area, the paving thickness of the cow dung is 1-2 cm, and the using amount of the cow dung is 4500-5000 kg/hm 2 ；
When sheep manure is paved in the grass seed sowing area, the paving thickness of the sheep manure is 2-3 cm, and the using amount of the sheep manure is 5500-6500 kg/hm 2 。
Preferably, when ecological restoration is carried out at the bottom of a sand dune, the plant row spacing of the suitable shrub plants is 1m multiplied by 1m;
when ecological restoration is carried out on the middle part of a sand dune, the grid sand barrier sets a main belt and an auxiliary belt according to a main wind direction, the main belt is perpendicular to the main wind direction, and the auxiliary belt is parallel to the main wind direction; the plants of the suitable shrub transplanted close to the inner side of the main belt are mountain-grown willow and sea buckthorn, and the plant spacing is 50cm; the plant of the shrub planted close to the inner side of the auxiliary belt is Artemisia sphaerocephala and Cypress with scale of 100cm.
Preferably, the grid sand barrier comprises a grass grid sand barrier, a nylon net grid sand barrier or a cow dung grid sand barrier;
the preparation raw materials of the cow dung grid sand barrier comprise: every 1m 3 The cow dung contains 0.5kg of elymus nutans grass seeds, 0.5kg of prematurus grass seeds, 1kg of ryegrass grass seeds, 0.5kg of festuca arundinacea seeds, 0.25kg of adhesive and 5kg of water; the adhesive comprises polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate or ammonium polyacrylate.
Preferably, the height of the cow dung square sand barrier is 12-15 cm, the single side of the cow dung square sand barrier is in a trapezoid shape, the width of the bottom of the cow dung square sand barrier is 10-15 cm, and the width of the top of the cow dung square sand barrier is 8-12 cm.
Preferably, the laying thickness of the main belt of the grass square grid sand barrier is 5-6 cm, and the laying thickness of the auxiliary belt is 4-5 cm.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a comprehensive ecological restoration method for a moving dune, which is divided into three areas, namely a dune bottom area, a dune middle area and a dune top area according to the vertical height of the dune, and comprises the ecological restoration of the dune bottom area, the ecological restoration of the dune middle area and the ecological restoration of the dune top area; ecological restoration in sand dune bottom includes: transplanting the proper shrub plants to the bottom area of the sand dune, and sowing grass seeds of the proper herbaceous plants to the bottom area of the sand dune; after grass seeds are sown, spreading cow dung and/or sheep dung in the areas where the grass seeds are sown; ecological restoration in the middle of the sand dune comprises the following steps: paving a square sand barrier, transplanting the proper shrub plants to the inner side of the sand barrier, and sowing grass seeds of the proper herbaceous plants to the area on the inner side of the square sand barrier; ecological restoration in sand dune top includes: sowing grass seeds of the fertile herbaceous plants to the top area of the sand dune; after grass seeds are sown, spreading cow dung and/or sheep dung in the area where the grass seeds are sown. According to the invention, sand dunes are divided into different parts according to different harmfulness degrees of sand blown by the wind, and corresponding restoration methods are adopted, so that a good restoration effect is achieved, and the cost is saved. The repairing method of the invention can reduce the sand erosion modulus by more than 63%, the living planting survival rate of the shrub plants reaches more than 85%, the preservation rate reaches more than 80%, the vegetation coverage reaches more than 70%, and the annual growth of the shrub plants reaches more than 6 cm.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a comprehensive ecological restoration method for a moving sand dune, which is divided into three areas, namely a sand dune bottom area, a sand dune middle area and a sand dune top area according to the vertical height of the sand dune, wherein the three areas comprise the sand dune bottom ecological restoration, the sand dune middle ecological restoration and the sand dune top ecological restoration; ecological restoration of sand dune bottom includes: transplanting the fertile shrub plants to the bottom area of the sand dune, and sowing grass seeds of the fertile herbaceous plants to the bottom area of the sand dune; after grass seeds are sown, spreading cow dung and/or sheep dung in the areas where the grass seeds are sown; ecological restoration in the middle of the sand dune includes: paving a square sand barrier, transplanting the proper shrub plants to the inner side of the sand barrier, and sowing grass seeds of the proper herbaceous plants to the area on the inner side of the square sand barrier; ecological restoration in sand dune top includes: sowing grass seeds of the grassy plants suitable for growth to the top area of the sand dune; after grass seeds are sown, spreading cow dung and/or sheep dung in the area where the grass seeds are sown.
In the present invention, it is preferable to divide the sand dune into three regions of the sand dune bottom, the sand dune middle and the sand dune top on average according to the vertical height of the sand dune.
In the present invention, the species of the shrub plant preferably include: salix matsudana, sea buckthorn, artemisia sphaerocephala and cypress twig with scale; the nursery stock of the viable shrub plant preferably comprises a 1 year old nursery stock; the species of said volunteer herbaceous plant preferably include: elymus nutans, agropyron arenarium, poa pratensis, lolium perenne, and Festuca arundinacea.
In the invention, before transplanting the suitable plants, the ecological restoration of the bottom of the sand dune preferably further comprises the step of carrying out sampling point arrangement treatment on a sand dune area at the bottom; the sampling point arrangement processing preferably includes: and integrally planning the bottom area of the sand dune, and uniformly marking lines and points according to the specification of 1m multiplied by 1m after planning. The invention can ensure the transplanting of the suitable shrub plants to be standard, neat and in line with the specification through the arrangement of the sampling points.
After the sampling points are arranged, the invention transplants the suitable shrub plants into the bottom area of the sand dune. In the present invention, the method for transplanting the shrub plant preferably comprises: transplanting more than 2 species of suitable shrub plants in each hole; the transplanting quantity of each species of the suitable shrub plants is more than or equal to 2 plants/hole. The invention can improve the survival rate of the suitable shrub plants in each hole by the principle of multiple plants in each hole.
In the invention, the planting is preferably carried out by a group of 2-3 persons, one person supports seedlings, one person aligns the direction to ensure that the seedlings are strictly lined vertically and horizontally, and the other person fills the soil; when the suitable shrub plants are bare-rooted seedlings, the diameter of a transplanted seedling hole is preferably 30cm, and the depth of the transplanted seedling hole is preferably 35cm; the height of the bare-rooted seedling is preferably 45-90 cm, more preferably 50-70 cm, and even more preferably 55-60 cm; the ground diameter is preferably 2-6 cm, more preferably 3-5 cm; the number of lateral roots is preferably 5 to 10, more preferably 6 to 8; the root width of the lateral roots is preferably 25-40 cm, and more preferably 30-35 cm; the average root length is preferably 18 to 25cm, more preferably 20 to 23cm; during planting, the seedlings are placed in the center of the planting hole, root systems are well managed, the seedlings are enabled to be evenly spread, no root is sunk, the seedlings cannot be tilted up and exposed, and meanwhile, the depth is kept; then, covering soil layer by layer, filling fertile and moist sandy soil in the rhizosphere, when the soil is filled for a half, holding a seedling to slightly shake the seedling, slightly lifting the seedling to stretch the root system, basically enabling the root neck part to be close to the depth of the seedling in a nursery, then compacting the seedling by feet, filling the soil layer by layer, tightly connecting the sandy soil with the root system, preventing dry air from invading, and keeping the root system moist; filling water once, strengthening the nursery stock the next morning, applying a layer of fine sand soil, and leveling the ground surface;
when the suitable shrub plants are container seedlings, the diameter and the depth of the transplanted seedling holes are preferably 3-5 cm larger than the diameter and the depth of the container; the height of the container seedling is preferably 30-70 cm, and more preferably 40-50 cm; the ground diameter is preferably 1.5-5 cm, more preferably 2-3 cm; the number of primary branches is preferably 8 to 13, more preferably 9 to 11; before planting, preferably watering 2-5 kg of water in the dug tree pit, and more preferably 3-4 kg of water; then putting the container end into the pit in time, filling soil and treading, wherein the filling soil is in a degree that the nutrient soil mass does not expose out of the ground and the soil mass in the container is not damaged during treading; during planting, a container which is not easy to wear or decompose is removed firstly so as to avoid influencing the growth of the seedling root system; after planting, a layer of fine sand is preferably applied to level the ground surface.
After transplanting the proper shrub plants, the invention seeds grass seeds of the proper herbaceous plants to the bottom area of the sand dune. In the present invention, it is preferable that the seeds of the suitable herbaceous plant are mixed and sown, and the sowing amount is: the content of Elymus nutans is 10kg/hm 2 The content of the agropyron cristatum is 18kg/hm 2 10kg/hm of bluegrass 2 Ryegrass 10kg/hm 2 10kg/hm of festuca arundinacea 2 (ii) a The means of sowing preferably comprises broadcasting. The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned spreading method, and the spreading method known to those skilled in the art may be used.
After grass seeds are sowed, cow dung and/or sheep dung are/is paved in the area where the grass seeds are sowed. In the invention, when the cow dung is paved on the area for sowing the grass seeds, the paving thickness of the cow dung is preferably 1-2 cm, and the using amount of the cow dung is preferably 4500～5000kg/hm 2 More preferably 4750kg/hm 2 (ii) a When sheep manure is paved in the grass seed sowing area, the pavement thickness of the sheep manure is preferably 2-3 cm, and the using amount of the cattle manure is preferably 5500-6500 kg/hm 2 More preferably 6000kg/hm 2 (ii) a The laying method preferably comprises broadcasting, and the sand surface at the bottom of the sand dune is preferably completely covered during the broadcasting; the cow dung preferably comprises decomposed cow dung, and the sheep dung preferably comprises decomposed sheep dung. The method for preparing the decomposed cattle manure or the decomposed sheep manure is not limited, and a preparation method known by those skilled in the art can be adopted.
In the invention, before laying the grid sand barriers, the ecological restoration of the middle part of the sand dune preferably also comprises the step of carrying out sample point laying treatment on the middle sand dune area; the sampling point arrangement processing preferably includes: sample lines are arranged in the middle of the sand dune comprehensively according to the specification of a sand barrier of 1m multiplied by 1m, namely, weft sample lines are drawn along the contour line direction of the sand dune, and warp sample lines are drawn perpendicular to the contour line direction of the sand dune; firstly, making horizontal wefts from top to bottom and then making vertical warps; working downwards in sequence. The grid sand barrier can be ensured to be standard, neat and in line with the specification through the distribution of the sampling points.
In the invention, the grid sand barrier preferably comprises a grass grid sand barrier, a nylon net grid sand barrier or a cow dung grid sand barrier; the laying method of the grass square sand barrier preferably comprises the following steps:
vertically paving grass (wheat straw, rice straw and elymus nutans) on the longitude and latitude sample lines, and meanwhile, placing grass (wheat straw, rice straw and elymus nutans) at the crossing part of the longitude and latitude sample lines to form a complete closed square grid, so as to avoid wind erosion at the interface part, thereby forming a grass square grid type sand barrier; the sand barrier is formed by longitudinally and transversely interweaving a main belt and an auxiliary belt, the main belt is vertical to the main wind direction, and the auxiliary belt is parallel to the main wind direction; the grass paved on the main belt is uniform in thickness of 5-6 cm, and the grass paved on the auxiliary belt is slightly thinner and uniform in thickness of 4-5 cm; the amount of the grass is 6000kg/hm 2 (namely 0.35kg of grass for per meter of sand barrier);
spreading grass (wheat straw, rice straw and elymus nutans) as required, putting a square spade in the center of the grass, pressing downwards with force to tilt the two ends of the grass, pressing the middle part of the grass into quicksand, and taking care not to press the grass too hard to break; the depth of the middle part of the grass in the sand is 7-10 cm, the raised parts at the two ends of the grass are 15-18 cm higher than the sand surface, and the base is buried and reinforced by using a shovel to scrape the sand (22665659), so that the laying of the grass grid sand barrier is completed; when the grass square sand barrier is laid, the method preferably further comprises the following steps: the weft sample lines are constructed firstly, then the warp sample lines are constructed, sand barrier materials are stacked near a construction site, and the construction is carried out in sequence from the upper part of a sand dune downwards according to the height or the distance of the stacked materials, so that the materials are conveniently conveyed, or the condition that constructors trample the well-paved sand barriers carelessly is avoided.
The paving method of the nylon net grid sand barrier preferably comprises the following steps: inserting 1 upright post at the intersection of the weft and the warp according to the sample wires laid in advance, thereby completing the task of erecting the upright posts; then, the sand barrier is arranged into a complete closed semi-hidden type sand barrier according to a Z shape from top to bottom, so that the pavement of the nylon square sand barrier is completed; the preparation raw materials of the nylon net sand barrier preferably comprise: the porosity is 45%, and the net height is 20 cm.
The preparation raw materials of the cow dung grid sand barrier preferably comprise: every 1m 3 The cow dung contains 0.5kg of elymus nutans grass seeds, 0.5kg of prematurus grass seeds, 1kg of ryegrass grass seeds, 0.5kg of festuca arundinacea seeds, 0.25kg of adhesive and 5kg of water; the binder preferably comprises polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate or ammonium polyacrylate, more preferably polyacrylamide; the laying method of the cow dung square sand barrier preferably comprises the following steps: mixing the preparation raw materials, uniformly stirring, paving the mixture on a sample line to form a complete closed cow dung square, scattering a small amount of water on the surface of the cow dung square, and smearing smooth to finish the paving of the cow dung square sand barrier; the height of the cow dung check sand barrier is preferably 12-15 cm, and more preferably 13-14 cm; the single side of the cow dung grid sand barrier is preferably in a trapezoid shape, the bottom width is preferably 10-15 cm, more preferably 11-14 cm, and even more preferably 12-13 cm; the width of the top is preferably 8 to 12cm, more preferably 9 to 11cm, and still more preferably 10cm.
After the square sand barrier is laid, the invention transplants the suitable shrub plants to the inner side of the sand barrier. In the invention, the transplanting method refers to the method, and is not described herein again; the method for transplanting the shrub plants suitable for growing in the sand dune preferably further comprises: the suitable shrub plants transplanted at the inner side of the main belt are salix paradoxa and sea buckthorn, and the plant spacing is 50cm; the plant spacing of the plant transplanted to the inner side of the auxiliary belt is 100cm.
After the shrub plants are transplanted, grass seeds of the herbaceous plants suitable for growing are sown in the area on the inner side of the grid sand barrier. In the present invention, the sowing preferably comprises drill sowing; the furrow width of the drill is preferably 10cm, and the furrow depth is preferably 6cm; after ditching, sowing is preferably carried out after the seeds of the proper-growth herbaceous plants are mixed, and the sowing amount is preferably as follows: the content of the Elymus nutans is 8kg/hm 2 The content of the agropyron cristatum is 10kg/hm 2 8kg/hm of bluegrass 2 Ryegrass 8kg/hm 2 8kg/hm of festuca arundinacea 2 (ii) a After sowing, the sand is preferably covered and compacted.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the grass seeds of the grass-adapted plants are sown before the top area of the sand dune, and further include: and leveling the top of the sand dune. The leveling method is not limited in the present invention, and a leveling method known to those skilled in the art may be used.
In the invention, when ecological restoration is carried out on the top of a sand dune, seeds of the growth-adapted herbaceous plant are preferably mixed and then sowed, and the sowing amount is preferably as follows: the content of the Elymus nutans is 15kg/hm 2 The content of the agropyron cristatum is 16kg/hm 2 Annual bluegrass 14kg/hm 2 Ryegrass 10kg/hm 2 10kg/hm of festuca arundinacea 2 (ii) a The method of seeding preferably comprises dibbling. The method of the present invention for the on-demand is not limited, and an on-demand method known to those skilled in the art may be used.
After the proper-growth herbaceous plants are sowed, cow dung and/or sheep dung are/is paved in the area where grass seeds are sowed; the laying method and the using amount are referred to the laying method and the using amount in the ecological restoration of the bottom of the sand dune, and are not described in detail herein.
According to the invention, sand dunes are divided into different parts according to different harmfulness degrees of wind sand, and a corresponding repairing method is adopted, so that a good repairing effect is achieved, and the cost is saved.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the method for comprehensive ecological restoration of a moving dune according to the present invention is described in detail with reference to the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A comprehensive ecological restoration method for a moving sand dune comprises the following steps:
dividing the sand dune into three areas, namely the bottom of the sand dune, the middle of the sand dune and the top of the sand dune according to the vertical height of the sand dune (a river tramadol field in Maqu county, autonomous Nakan, gansu province);
1. ecological restoration of the bottom of a sand dune comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) laying sampling points: the bottom of a sand dune is comprehensively and integrally planned, and then unified marking is carried out according to the specification of 1m multiplied by 1m, so that a sampling point layout task is completed;
(2) Planting shrub plants in vivo: and (3) digging tree pits on the punched points according to the principle that each hole contains multiple plants, planting 1-year-old salix paradisi, sea buckthorn, artemisia sphaerocephala and qualified plantlets with Lespedeza pulcherrima branches into each hole, wherein at least 2 plants are planted in each hole, and at least 2 plants are planted in each hole, so that the living plant planting task is completed.
When planting, 2-3 persons form a group, one person supports the seedling, and the other person aligns the seedling in the direction, so that the seedlings are strictly lined vertically and horizontally, and the other person fills the soil.
Planting bare-rooted seedlings by a hole planting method, wherein the diameter of a tree hole is 30cm, and the depth of the tree hole is 35cm. The nursery stock is a first-grade bare-rooted seedling: the height of the seedling is 55-60 cm, the ground diameter is 3-5 cm, the number of lateral roots is 6-8, the width of the lateral roots is 30-35 cm, and the average root length is 20-23 cm. During planting, the seedlings can be placed in the center of the planting holes, root systems are well arranged, the seedlings are enabled to be evenly spread, roots are not sunk, the seedlings cannot be tilted up and exposed, and meanwhile, the depth is kept. And then, covering soil layer by layer, filling fertile and moist sandy soil into the rhizosphere, when the soil is filled for a half, holding the seedling by a nursery man to slightly shake the seedling, slightly lifting the seedling to enable the root system to be stretched, enabling the root neck part to be basically close to the depth of the seedling in a nursery garden, then treading the seedling tightly by feet, filling the soil layer by layer, enabling the sandy soil to be tightly connected with the root system, preventing dry air from invading, and keeping the root system moist. Filling water once, strengthening the nursery stock the next morning, applying a layer of fine sand soil, and leveling the ground surface.
Thereby completing the planting task of the selected adaptable shrubs.
(3) Broadcasting the living herbaceous plants: uniformly broadcasting selected proper herbaceous plant mixed seeds in a sand covered by proper shrubs, wherein the mixed seeds are as follows: elymus nutans, bluegrass, ryegrass, festuca arundinacea and agropyron arenarium, the seeding amount is as follows: lindley elymus nutans 10kg/hm 2 20kg/hm of agropyron cristatum 2 15kg/hm of bluegrass 2 Ryegrass 10kg/hm 2 10kg/hm of festuca arundinacea 2 The grass seeds are uniformly mixed and then are uniformly sowed in the sand covered by the suitable shrubs by a dibbler. Thereby completing the sowing task of the selected proper herbaceous plant.
(4) Spreading cow dung: and uniformly spreading cow dung on the sand surface of the sand area covered by the suitable plant species.
Evenly spreading cow dung to form a thin layer of 1-2 cm, wherein the using amount of the cow dung is 4500-5000 kg/hm 2 During the spreading process, care should be taken not to expose the sand surface. Thereby completing the cow dung spreading task.
And the rest is done in turn to complete the ecological restoration task at the bottom of the whole sand dune.
2. Ecological restoration of the middle part of a sand dune comprises the following steps:
(1) In order to ensure that the sand barrier is standard, orderly and in line with the specification, the sample lines are arranged on the middle part of the sand dune comprehensively according to the specification of the sand barrier of 1m multiplied by 1m, namely, the weft sample lines are drawn along the contour line direction of the sand dune, and the warp sample lines are drawn perpendicular to the contour line direction of the sand dune. First, the horizontal latitude lines are made from top to bottom, and then the vertical longitude lines are made. Working downwards in sequence.
Laying grass square sand barriers:
during specific construction, the weft sample lines are constructed firstly, then the warp sample lines are constructed, sand barrier materials are stacked near a construction site, and construction is performed in a distance sequence from the upper portion of a sand dune to the lower portion according to the height or the stacking of the materials, so that the materials can be conveniently conveyed, or constructors are prevented from trampling carelessly to lay the intact sand barriers.
Vertically spreading grass (wheat straw, rice straw and elymus nutans) on the longitude and latitude lines, and placing grass (wheat straw, rice straw and elymus nutans) at the crossing part of the longitude and latitude lines to form a complete closed squareAnd the grid avoids forming wind erosion at the interface, so that the grass grid type sand barrier is formed. The sand barrier is formed by vertically and horizontally interweaving a main belt and an auxiliary belt, wherein the main belt is vertical to the main wind direction, and the auxiliary belt is parallel to the main wind direction. The uniform thickness of grass paved on the main belt is 5-6 cm, the thickness of grass paved on the auxiliary belt is slightly thinner, and the uniform thickness is 4-5 cm. The amount of the grass is 6000kg/hm 2 (i.e. 0.35kg of grass per meter of sand-protecting barrier).
After the grass (wheat straw, rice straw and elymus nutans) is laid according to the requirements, a square spade is placed in the center of the grass and is pressed downwards with force, so that two ends of the grass are tilted, the middle part of the grass is pressed into the quicksand, and the grass is not cut off with too strong force. The depth of the middle part of the grass in the sand is 8-9 cm, the raised parts at the two ends of the grass are 16-17 cm higher than the sand surface, and then the base is buried and reinforced by using a shovel to scrape the sand 2266565so as to finish the laying task of the grass square lattice sand barrier.
(3) And planting salix matsudana and sea buckthorn shrubs close to the inner side of the main belt of the grid sand barrier, planting the phellodendron amurense and artemisia sphaerocephala in the auxiliary belt, arranging a plurality of latticed plant belts, wherein the plant spacing of the main belt is 50cm, and the plant spacing of the auxiliary belt is 100cm, and thus completing the planting task of the plant living sand barrier.
(4) And finally, sowing perennial native herbaceous plant mixed seeds which are suitable for growing under local habitat conditions in a ditching and drilling mode in the square sand barrier perpendicular to the main wind direction, wherein the mixed seeds are as follows: elymus nutans, bluegrass, ryegrass, festuca arundinacea and agropyron arenarium, the seeding amount is as follows: lindley shawl grass 8kg/hm 2 10kg/hm of agropyron cristatum 2 8kg/hm of bluegrass 2 Ryegrass 8kg/hm 2 8kg/hm of festuca arundinacea 2 The grass seeds are uniformly mixed, the width of the furrow is 10cm, the depth of the furrow is 6cm, the seeds are uniformly sowed and then the seeds are trampled, and the ditching, sowing and soil covering are completed at one time. Thereby completing the sowing task of the plant living sand barrier.
And the rest is done in sequence to complete the ecological restoration task in the middle of the whole sand dune.
3. Ecological restoration of the top of a sand dune comprises the following steps:
the top of the sand dune is firstly leveled manually or mechanically. And (3) evenly dibbling the selected proper herbaceous plant mixed seeds in the flat sand area by using a dibbling machine, wherein the mixed seeds are as follows: elymus nutans, bluegrass, ryegrass,Festuca arundinacea and agropyron arenarium, the seeding rate is as follows: manchurian elymus nutans 15kg/hm 2 16kg/hm of sand-grown wheatgrass 2 Poa annua 14kg/hm 2 Ryegrass 10kg/hm 2 10kg/hm of festuca arundinacea 2 The grass seeds are mixed evenly and sown evenly, and then raked lightly by a rake for 1 to 2 times, so that most of the seeds are put into sandy soil, and the sand surface is flat. Thereby completing the sowing task of the selected proper-growing herbaceous plants;
(4) Spreading cow dung: and uniformly spreading cow dung on the sand surface of the sand area covered by the suitable plant species.
Uniformly spreading cow dung to form a thin layer of 1-2 cm, wherein the using amount of the cow dung is 4750kg/hm 2 During the spreading process, care should be taken not to expose the sand surface. Thereby completing the cow dung spreading task.
And the rest is done in turn to complete the ecological restoration task of the top of the whole moving dune.
And the rest is done in turn to complete the comprehensive ecological restoration task of the whole moving dune.
Example 2
A restoration method similar to that of example 1, the only difference being that the steps (4) of the bottom and top of the sand dune are: and (3) uniformly spreading the decomposed sheep manure on the sand surface of the sand area covered by the suitable plant seeds.
Evenly spreading decomposed sheep manure to form a thin layer of 2-3 cm, wherein the dosage of the decomposed sheep manure is 6000kg/hm 2 During the spreading process, care should be taken not to expose the sand surface. Thus completing the spreading task of the decomposed sheep manure.
Example 3
A restoration method similar to that of example 1, the only difference being that the sand barrier laid in the middle of the sand dune is a nylon mesh grid sand barrier.
Paving a nylon grid sand barrier: the nylon net sand barrier is prepared from the following raw materials: the sand fixing net is woven in the warp and weft directions, the porosity is 45%, and the net height is 20 cm.
According to the method, 1 upright post is inserted at the intersection of the weft and the warp according to the sample lines laid in advance, thereby completing the task of erecting the upright posts. And then, the sand-fixing grid sand barrier is arranged into a complete closed semi-hidden sand barrier from top to bottom according to a Z shape, so that the sand-fixing grid sand barrier setting task is completed.
Example 4
A restoration method similar to that of example 1, the only difference being that the sand barrier laid in the middle of the sand dune is a cow dung square sand barrier.
Laying a cow dung square sand barrier:
and (3) cow dung treatment: mixing thoroughly decomposed cattle manure with elymus nutans, bluegrass, ryegrass and fescue, and adding an adhesive for preventing the dried cattle manure from cracking. The proportion is as follows: cow dung 1m 3 : 0.5kg of elymus nutans seeds: 0.5kg of early-maturing grass seeds: 1kg of ryegrass seeds: 0.5kg of seeds of the fescue: 0.25kg of polyacrylamide, 5kg of water and even stirring until the polyacrylamide is not scattered by hand pinching.
Laying a cow dung square sand barrier: and (3) spreading the treated cow dung on a sample line to form a complete closed cow dung square grid, wherein the height of the cow dung square grid is 13-14 cm, the single side of the cow dung square grid sand barrier is in a trapezoid shape, the width of the bottom of the cow dung square grid sand barrier is 12-13 cm, the width of the top of the cow dung square grid sand barrier is 10cm, a small amount of water is scattered on the surface of the cow dung square grid sand barrier, and the cow dung square grid sand barrier is smeared smoothly. And finishing the laying operation of the cow dung square sand barriers in sequence.
Comparative example 1
A restoration method similar to that of example 1 except that the entire dune was restored using the bottom of example 1.
Comparative example 2
A restoration method similar to that of example 1 except that the entire dune was entirely restored by the middle portion of example 1.
Comparative example 3
A restoration method similar to example 1 except that the entire dune was restored using the top portion of example 1.
Comparative example 4
A restoration method similar to that of example 3 except that the entire dune was entirely restored by the middle of example 3.
Comparative example 5
A restoration method similar to that of example 4 except that the entire dune was entirely restored by the middle portion of example 4.
Comparative example 6
A restoration method similar to that of example 4, except that the size of the cow dung sand barrier is 0.5m × 0.5m in the middle ecological restoration.
Comparative example 7
A restoration method similar to that of example 4, except that the size of the cow dung sand barrier is 1.5m × 1.5m in the middle ecological restoration.
Comparative example 8
A repair method similar to example 4, except that polyacrylamide was replaced with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
Comparative example 9
A repair process similar to that of example 4, except that every 1m 3 The cattle manure contains 2kg of elymus nutans grass seeds, 1kg of festuca arundinacea seeds, 2kg of ryegrass seeds, 1kg of oat grass seeds, 0.25kg of polyacrylamide and 5kg of water.
Application example 1
The repairing effects of the examples 1 to 4 and the comparative examples 1 to 9 were measured, the observation method is described in "ecological observation research method for desert" (Gansu science and technology Press, published 11/1/2010, P61 to 67), and the measurement results are shown in Table 1, wherein the repairing cost includes material and labor cost.
TABLE 1 repairing effects of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 9
As can be seen from table 1, if a sand dune with the same area is restored, if only one of the top or bottom ecological restoration methods of the sand dune in the present application is used to restore the whole sand dune, although the sand control cost is lower than that of the middle ecological restoration method of the sand dune in the present application, the sand control effect is not as significant as the sand control effect of the middle ecological restoration method of the sand dune due to different wind erosion degrees of different parts of the sand dune and different soil moisture and nutrients; the method for restoring the middle part of the sand dune by the ecological restoration method in the application has the advantages of relatively obvious sand control effect and highest cost.
From the experimental results of the embodiment 4 and the comparative example 6, it can be known that when the specification of the cow dung sand barrier is 0.5m × 0.5m, each monitoring index changes little, the recovery effect is not improved much, but the cost is multiplied; from the experimental results of the example 4 and the comparative example 7, it is known that when the specification of the cow dung sand barrier is 1.5m × 1.5m, although the cost is reduced compared with the example 2, the change of each monitoring index is large, and the recovery effect is weak; in comprehensive consideration, the proper specification of the cow dung sand barrier is set, so that the effects of preventing and controlling sand are achieved, and the repair cost is saved.
As can be seen from the experimental results of example 4 and comparative example 8, the invention not only achieves good effects of preventing and controlling sand, but also saves the repair cost by selecting proper adhesive.
From the experimental results of the example 4 and the comparative example 9, it can be seen that the method of the comparative example 9 has poor repairing effect although the amount of grass seeds is increased, because the amount of grass seeds in the cow dung sand barrier is increased, on one hand, because the moisture and the nutrient in the cow dung are limited, the water and the nutrient can not be provided for too many grass seeds, so that the emergence rate of the grass seeds is reduced and the preservation rate is reduced, on the other hand, because the amount of the grass seeds is increased, the water and the nutrient are contended with shrubs, so that the survival rate, the preservation rate and the growth rate of the shrubs are reduced, and the whole repairing effect is weakened; in addition, the amount of grass seeds in the cow dung sand barrier is increased, so that the grass seeds are wasted, and the cost is increased. According to the method, by selecting the grass seeds with proper types and proportion, the repairing mode is guaranteed to achieve a good repairing effect, and the repairing cost is saved.
According to the method, different parts of the sand dune are subjected to different wind erosion degrees, the soil moisture and the soil nutrient are different, and the different parts adopt the corresponding suitable ecological restoration method, so that the cost can be saved, and the remarkable sand control effect can be achieved.
In conclusion, the sand dunes are divided into different parts according to different harmfulness degrees of the wind sand, and the corresponding repairing method is adopted, so that a good repairing effect is achieved, and the cost is saved.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A comprehensive ecological restoration method for a moving dune is characterized in that the method is divided into three areas, namely a dune bottom area, a dune middle area and a dune top area according to the vertical height of the dune, and comprises the ecological restoration of the dune bottom area, the ecological restoration of the dune middle area and the ecological restoration of the dune top area;
ecological restoration in sand dune bottom includes: transplanting the proper shrub plants to the bottom area of the sand dune, and sowing grass seeds of the proper herbaceous plants to the bottom area of the sand dune; after grass seeds are sown, spreading cow dung and/or sheep dung in the areas where the grass seeds are sown;
ecological restoration in the middle of the sand dune includes: laying a grid sand barrier, transplanting the proper-growing shrub plants to the inner side of the sand barrier, and sowing grass seeds of the proper-growing herbaceous plants to the area on the inner side of the grid sand barrier;
the grid sand barrier is a cow dung grid sand barrier;
the preparation raw materials of the cow dung grid sand barrier comprise: every 1m 3 The cow dung contains 0.5kg of elymus nutans grass seeds, 0.5kg of prematurus grass seeds, 1kg of ryegrass grass seeds, 0.5kg of festuca arundinacea seeds, 0.25kg of adhesive and 5kg of water; the adhesive comprises polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate or ammonium polyacrylate;
ecological restoration in sand dune top includes: sowing grass seeds of the grassy plants suitable for growth to the top area of the sand dune; after the grass seeds are sowed, spreading cow dung and/or sheep dung in the areas where the grass seeds are sowed.
2. The method of remediating as defined in claim 1, wherein the method of transplanting the viable shrub plants comprises: transplanting more than 2 species of suitable shrub plants in each hole; the transplanting quantity of each species of the suitable shrub plants is more than or equal to 2 plants/hole.
3. The method of remediating as defined in claim 2, wherein the method of transplanting the viable shrub plants further comprises: when the suitable shrub plants are bare-rooted seedlings, the diameter of a transplanted seedling hole is 30m, and the depth of the transplanted seedling hole is 35cm; the bare-rooted seedling has the seedling height of 45-90 cm, the ground diameter of 2-6 cm, the number of lateral roots of 5-10, the width of the lateral roots of 25-40 cm and the average root length of 18-25 cm;
when the proper shrub plants are container seedlings, the diameter and the depth of the transplanted seedling holes are 3-5 cm larger than those of the container; the height of the container seedling is 30-70 cm, the ground diameter is 1.5-5 cm, and the number of the first-level branches is 8-13.
4. The method of restoration according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the species of said shrub plant comprises: salix matsudana, sea buckthorn, artemisia sphaerocephala and cypress twig with scale;
the species of the volunteer herbaceous plant include: elymus nutans, agropyron arenarium, poa annua, lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea.
5. The restoration method according to claim 4, wherein in the ecological restoration of the bottom of a sand dune, the seeds of the proper herbaceous plant are mixed and sowed, and the sowing amount is as follows: the content of Elymus nutans is 10kg/hm 2 The content of the agropyron cristatum is 20kg/hm 2 15kg/hm of bluegrass 2 Ryegrass 10kg/hm 2 10kg/hm of festuca arundinacea 2 (ii) a The sowing mode is broadcast sowing;
when ecological restoration is carried out on the middle part of a sand dune, the sowing mode comprises drill sowing, the ditching direction of the drill sowing is vertical to the main wind direction, the width of the drill sowing is 10cm, and the depth of the drill sowing is 6cm; sowing after mixing the seeds of the proper-growth herbaceous plant, wherein the sowing amount is respectively as follows: the content of the Elymus nutans is 8kg/hm 2 The content of the agropyron cristatum is 10kg/hm 2 8kg/hm of bluegrass 2 Ryegrass 8kg/hm 2 8kg/hm of festuca arundinacea 2 ；
During sand dune top ecological remediation, mix and sow behind the seed of fitting living herbaceous plant, the seeding volume is respectively: lindley shawl grass 15kg/hm 2 16kg/hm of sand-grown wheatgrass 2 Annual bluegrass 14kg/hm 2 Ryegrass 10kg/hm 2 10kg/hm of festuca arundinacea 2 (ii) a The sowing mode comprises dibbling.
6. The method for restoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the cow dung is laid on the grass seed sowing area, the laying thickness of the cow dung is 1-2 cm, and the amount of the cow dung is 4500-5000 kg/hm 2 ；
When sheep manure is paved in the grass seed sowing area, the paving thickness of the sheep manure is 2-3 cm, and the using amount of the sheep manure is 5500-6500 kg/hm 2 。
7. The restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the plant-row spacing of the shrubbery plants is 1m x 1m during ecological restoration of the bottom of a sand dune;
when ecological restoration is carried out on the middle part of a sand dune, the grid sand barrier sets a main belt and an auxiliary belt according to a main wind direction, the main belt is perpendicular to the main wind direction, and the auxiliary belt is parallel to the main wind direction; the suitable shrub plants transplanted close to the inner side of the main belt are mountain-grown willow and sea buckthorn, and the plant spacing is 50cm; the plant of the shrub planted close to the inner side of the auxiliary belt is Artemisia sphaerocephala and Cypress with scale of 100cm.
8. The repair method of claim 1, wherein the height of the cow dung check sand barrier is 12-15 cm, the single side of the cow dung check sand barrier is in a trapezoid shape, the width of the bottom of the cow dung check sand barrier is 10-15 cm, and the width of the top of the cow dung check sand barrier is 8-12 cm.
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