CN113292312A - Waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to the field of building materials, and particularly discloses a waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile and a preparation method thereof, wherein the waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-85 parts of kaolin, 2-5 parts of calcium bentonite, 1-2.5 parts of an inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent, 0.1-0.5 part of a dispersing agent, 7-18 parts of Portland cement and 15-25 parts of water, wherein the weight ratio of the inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent to the Portland cement is 1: (5-9). The utility model provides a dampproofing and waterproofing ceramic tile has good dampproofing and waterproofing performance.

Description

Waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of building materials, in particular to a waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The ceramic tile is an acid and alkali resistant porcelain or stone building material formed by grinding, mixing, pressing, glazing and sintering refractory metal oxides and semimetal oxides, and is used for laying building surfaces such as floors and walls, has a certain protection effect on the floors and the walls, and also has a decoration effect.

The ceramic tile can be divided into an external wall tile, an internal wall tile, a floor tile, an industrial tile and the like according to the application, and can be divided into a glazed tile, a full-bodied tile, a polished tile, a vitrified tile and a ceramic mosaic tile according to the process. Among them, in places with high humidity such as kitchens or toilets, the requirements on the waterproof and moistureproof performance of the floor tiles are high. The ceramic floor tile has water absorption not greater than 0.5%, good waterproof and moistureproof performance, and is mostly applied to places with high humidity. However, the ceramic floor tile has a strict requirement on the sintering temperature, and if the sintering temperature is not reached, the waterproof performance of the ceramic tile is affected, so that the ceramic tile has the problems of water seepage, cracking, hollowing, falling off or mildewing and the like in the use process.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problem that the moisture-proof and waterproof performance is reduced when the sintering temperature of the ceramic tile is improperly controlled, the application provides the moisture-proof and waterproof ceramic tile and the preparation method thereof.

First aspect, this application provides a dampproofing and waterproofing ceramic tile, and it adopts following technical scheme:

the waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-85 parts of kaolin, 2-5 parts of calcium bentonite, 1-2.5 parts of an inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent, 0.1-0.5 part of a dispersing agent, 7-18 parts of Portland cement and 15-25 parts of water, wherein the weight ratio of the inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent to the Portland cement is 1: (5-9).

By adopting the technical scheme, in the application, the calcium bentonite has high cohesiveness, stability, water absorbability and large effective pore volume, so that the calcium bentonite has strong adsorption capacity, can reduce free water in the slurry, effectively prevents water molecules from passing through, and forms good waterproof slurry after being mixed with other raw materials. The main component of the portland cement is tricalcium silicate, and after the inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent is mixed with the portland cement, the inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent and the tricalcium silicate in the portland cement are subjected to chemical reaction to generate water-insoluble colloid substances such as metal hydroxide and the like, and simultaneously can react with calcium aluminate hydrate in the portland cement to generate double-salt calcium sulphoaluminate crystals with certain expansibility. The colloid and the crystal substances block and fill capillary channels and pores formed in the hardening process of the ceramic tile, so that the compactness of the ceramic tile can be improved under the condition of relatively reducing the sintering temperature, and the aims of water resistance and moisture resistance are fulfilled.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 77-83 parts of kaolin, 2.5-4 parts of calcium bentonite, 1.5-2 parts of an inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent, 0.1-0.5 part of a dispersing agent, 10-14 parts of Portland cement and 15-25 parts of water.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the dispersing agent is obtained by carrying out composite modification treatment on superfine silicon dioxide and superfine titanium dioxide.

By adopting the technical scheme, the dispersing agent added in the raw materials of the waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile has a certain adsorption effect, molecules of the dispersing agent and affinity groups on the surface of waterproof slurry are anchored on the surface of powder particles, the non-anchoring chain segment extends into water to form a coating layer for the particles, and the coating layer carries a certain charge, so that the dispersed particles carry the charge. The particles with the same charges repel each other to achieve a stable effect, so that stable dispersoid is formed, the particles are prevented from precipitating and condensing, the inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent in the waterproof slurry is uniformly distributed, the waterproof performance of the ceramic tile is improved, meanwhile, the grinding time of the ceramic tile raw material can be shortened, the luster of the surface of the ceramic tile is improved, and floating color and floating are prevented. The composite powder is obtained by carrying out composite treatment on the superfine silicon dioxide and the superfine titanium dioxide, wherein the superfine silicon dioxide has high mechanical stability and thermal stability, but the particle size of the superfine silicon dioxide is 20-40 nm, and the superfine silicon dioxide is easy to agglomerate; the superfine titanium dioxide has high covering power, decoloring power, dispersing power and binding power. The two are mixed, the structure of the superfine silicon dioxide and the functionality of the superfine titanium dioxide are fully exerted, and the cheap superfine silicon dioxide is adopted to replace part of the superfine titanium dioxide, so that the cost of raw materials can be greatly reduced.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the operation of the composite modification treatment of the superfine silicon dioxide and the superfine titanium dioxide is as follows:

wet grinding the superfine silicon dioxide to obtain superfine silicon dioxide dispersion slurry;

wet grinding the superfine titanium dioxide to obtain superfine titanium dioxide dispersion slurry;

mixing and stirring the superfine silicon dioxide dispersion slurry and the superfine titanium dioxide dispersion slurry according to the weight ratio of 3 to 8, wet grinding and drying to obtain the dispersing agent.

By adopting the technical scheme, the superfine silicon dioxide and the superfine titanium dioxide are mixed, the structural characteristics of the superfine silicon dioxide and the functional characteristics of the superfine titanium dioxide are fully exerted, the superfine silicon dioxide has many hydroxyl groups on the surface, the superfine silicon dioxide is easy to agglomerate to form agglomerates, the uniformity of the superfine silicon dioxide dispersed in the slurry is reduced, the agglomerates are dissociated through grinding, and the dispersibility of the superfine silicon dioxide in the slurry is improved. The superfine titanium dioxide can greatly improve the caking property of the waterproof slurry and has stronger dispersing ability, and the superfine titanium dioxide is dispersed, ground, stirred and the like, so that the superfine titanium dioxide and the waterproof slurry are more uniform when being compounded in the later period.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: when the superfine titanium dioxide is subjected to wet grinding, a grinding dispersant is added, wherein the grinding dispersant is sodium polyacrylate with the solid content of 30%, and the use amount of the sodium polyacrylate is 5-8% of the total weight of the superfine titanium dioxide dispersing pulp.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-22 parts of calcium carbonate, 1-3 parts of metal aluminum, 5-7 parts of ferrous sulfate, 21-25.5 parts of hydrochloric acid, 0.3-0.8 part of ferric oxide, 0.5-1 part of superfine silicon dioxide, 1-2.5 parts of diethanolamine and 55-63 parts of water.

By adopting the technical scheme, hydrochloric acid added into the inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent is used for dissolving calcium carbonate, metallic aluminum and ferrous sulfate; the function of adding the superfine silicon dioxide is that after the superfine silicon dioxide is uniformly dispersed in the inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent, silanol groups on the surfaces of different particles form bridges through the interaction of hydrogen bonds, so that a superfine silicon dioxide aggregate network can be formed, and the effects of thickening stability and preventing sedimentation are achieved; diethanolamine is added into inorganic aluminum salt water repellent to promote calcium carbonate, metal aluminum and ferrous sulfate to produce certain double salt in the slurry, with the double salt of Al and Ca such as CaO. Al₂O₃·CaCl₂·10H₂O, which is easy to form mineral colloid penetrating into the gaps of the ceramic tile with calcium silicate salt in Portland cement, so that the ceramic tile has high waterproof capability.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the superfine silicon dioxide is hydrophilic superfine silicon dioxide subjected to surface modification treatment by a silane coupling agent.

By adopting the technical scheme, the superfine silicon dioxide refers to micron, submicron and superfine silicon dioxide with the particle size of less than 0.1mm, and the surface of the superfine silicon dioxide is modified by the silane coupling agent, so that the superfine silicon dioxide is not easy to agglomerate, an aggregate grid is better formed, the effects of stability and sedimentation prevention are achieved, and the waterproof performance of the inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent is further improved.

In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing the above waterproof and moistureproof tile, which is specifically realized by the following technical scheme:

a preparation method of a waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile comprises the following operation steps:

uniformly mixing kaolin, calcium bentonite and portland cement to obtain a mixture;

grinding and crushing the mixture to obtain mixed powder, and sieving the mixed powder by a sieve of 20-60 meshes; adding water into the sieved mixed powder, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry A;

adding an inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent and a dispersing agent into the mixed pulp A, uniformly mixing, and ageing for 20-24 hours to obtain mixed pulp B;

and sequentially pressing, glazing and sintering the mixed slurry B at the sintering temperature of 950-1200 ℃ to obtain the waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile.

By adopting the technical scheme, the inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent and the dispersing agent are added into the mixed slurry A and matched with other raw materials, so that the waterproof performance of the waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile can be improved on the basis of relatively reducing the sintering temperature.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

(1) the water absorption rate, the breaking strength and the modulus of rupture of the waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile meet the standard requirements, the performance is excellent, the water absorption rate is below 0.5 percent, and the lowest water absorption rate can reach 0.1 percent; the destruction strength is over 1231N, and the highest destruction strength can reach 2650N; the breaking modulus is more than 34MPa, and the highest breaking modulus can reach 46 MPa.

(2) The waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile has high glaze crack resistance, does not crack, and has the glossiness of over 53 degrees and the highest glossiness of 64 degrees.

Detailed Description

The present application will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.

The following raw materials are commercially available products in the present applicationThe method specifically comprises the following steps: the kaolin is selected from Jiashuo building materials processing Co., Ltd, Hubei Lingshu county, with particle size of 1250 mesh; the calcium bentonite is selected from Wancheng bentonite, Limited liability company in Heishan county, and has a particle size of 200 meshes; the Portland cement is selected from Sanhe Dingxuan-Sansheng Shang trade company Limited; the superfine silicon dioxide is selected from Nantong Runfeng petrochemical company Limited, the content of effective substances is 90 percent, and the grain diameter is 12 mu m; the superfine titanium dioxide is selected from Shanghai Hughai titanium products Limited, and has a particle size of 23 μm; the sodium polyacrylate is selected from sodium polyacrylate Derin 42N; the particle size of the calcium carbonate is 800 meshes; 99.5 percent of metal aluminum effective substance; the particle size of the ferrous sulfate is 20 meshes; diethanolamine is selected from chemical Limited of Jinan Boao, and has a density of 1.097g/cm³The cargo number is 03; the trimethyl siloxane is selected from Shandong Boguan materials Co., Ltd, and the content of effective substances is 99.3%; the ammonia water is selected from chemical industry Limited of Jinzhengkang, and the content of effective substances is 25 percent; cetyl acrylate is selected from Wuhan Hua Zhi scientific Biotech limited company, and the content of effective substance is 96%; the hydroxyethyl acrylate is selected from Shandong Xin chemical industry Co., Ltd, and the content of effective substances is 99%.

The following are examples of the preparation of inorganic aluminum salt waterproofing agents in the present application:

preparation example 1

The inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent in the application is prepared by the following specific steps:

1. according to the mixing amount in the table 1, 70g of hydrochloric acid with the mass percentage of 31% is prepared in a first reaction tank, calcium carbonate is added into the hydrochloric acid, and after 25 hours of reaction, filtration is carried out to obtain filtrate;

2. according to the mixing amount in the table 1, 140g of hydrochloric acid with the mass percentage of 31% is prepared in a second reaction tank, metal aluminum, solid ferrous sulfate, ferric oxide and diethanol amine are added into the hydrochloric acid, the reaction is carried out for 13 hours, and the filtrate is obtained after filtration;

3. and (3) mixing the filtrate obtained in the step (1) and the filtrate obtained in the step (2), adding superfine silicon dioxide, reacting for 3 hours, cooling the reaction liquid to 25 ℃, filtering, and taking the filtrate to obtain the inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent.

Preparation example 2

The inorganic aluminum salt waterproofing agent of preparation example 2 was prepared in the same manner as in preparation example 1 except that the ultrafine silica was pretreated by the following method before addition: adding 1L of 95 mass percent ethanol, 1g of 25 mass percent ammonia water of active substances, 40g of deionized water and 300g of unmodified superfine silicon dioxide into a stirring tank, uniformly mixing, and adding 580g of trimethylsiloxane into the stirring tank in a dropwise manner within 4 hours; heating to 35 ℃, and stirring for reacting for 6 hours to obtain a modified superfine silicon dioxide solution; and then, dissolving 5g of hexadecyl acrylate and 400g of hydroxyethyl acrylate in 2kg of ethanol, dropwise adding the solution into the modified superfine silicon dioxide solution within 2h, stirring for reacting for 4h, filtering, reserving a solid, and drying at 80 ℃ for 2h to obtain the superfine silicon dioxide stably dispersed in an aqueous system.

Preparation examples 3 to 5

The inorganic aluminum salt water repellent of production examples 3 to 5 was prepared in the same manner as in production example 2 except that the blending amounts of the respective raw materials were as shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 amount of each raw material for inorganic aluminum salt water repellent in preparation examples 1 to 5 (unit: g)

	Preparation examples 1 to 2	Preparation example 3	Preparation example 4	Preparation example 5
					Calcium carbonate	180	150	190	220
Metallic aluminium	20	10	20	30
					Ferrous sulfate	60	50	60	70
Hydrochloric acid in the first reaction tank	70	55	75	85
					Hydrochloric acid in the second reaction tank	140	110	150	170
Iron oxide	5	8	12	15
					Ultra-fine silica	7	5	9	10
Diethanolamine (DEA)	10	10	15	25
					Water (W)	580	550	600	630

The following are examples of the preparation of the dispersant in the present application:

preparation example 6

The dispersant in the application is obtained by carrying out composite modification treatment on superfine silicon dioxide and superfine titanium dioxide, and the concrete operations are as follows:

adding water into a stirring barrel, stirring, and adding weighed superfine silicon dioxide while stirring, wherein the weight ratio of the water to the superfine silicon dioxide is 3: 1; carrying out ultrasonic dispersion for 15min, carrying out dispersion rotation speed of 600r/min, and finally carrying out superfine grinding for 1.5h to obtain nano silicon dioxide dispersion slurry, wherein the ball material weight ratio is 6: 1;

adding superfine titanium dioxide into water, wherein the weight ratio of water to the superfine titanium dioxide is 1:2, then adding a grinding dispersant sodium polyacrylate with the solid content of 30%, stirring and dispersing, wherein the addition amount accounts for 6% of the total weight of the superfine titanium dioxide dispersion slurry, the dispersion rotation speed is 600r/min, the dispersion is 15min, carrying out superfine grinding, the weight ratio of ball materials is 5:1, grinding is 55min, and fully stirring to obtain the superfine titanium dioxide dispersion slurry;

mixing and stirring the superfine silicon dioxide dispersion slurry and the superfine titanium dioxide dispersion slurry according to the weight ratio of 3:7, stirring at the rotating speed of 600r/min for 15min, carrying out superfine grinding, and carrying out screening and stirring at the ball material weight ratio of 5:1, then compounding for 40min, thus obtaining the superfine silicon dioxide and superfine titanium dioxide composite slurry with the particle size of 7-10 mu m; drying to obtain the superfine silicon dioxide and superfine titanium dioxide composite powder.

Preparation examples 7 to 8

The dispersants of preparation examples 7 to 8 differ from preparation example 6 in that: the ultrafine silica dispersion slurry and the ultrafine titania dispersion slurry were mixed and stirred in a weight ratio of 3:6 and 3:8, respectively, and the rest was the same as in preparation example 6.

Preparation examples 9 to 10

The dispersants of preparation examples 9 to 10 differ from preparation example 6 in that: the grinding dispersant sodium polyacrylate was added in amounts of 5% and 8% by weight, respectively, based on the total weight of the ultrafine titanium dioxide dispersion slurry, and the rest was the same as in preparation example 6.

Example 1

A waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile is prepared by the following method: according to the mixing amount shown in table 2, kaolin, calcium bentonite and portland cement are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture; grinding and crushing the mixture to obtain mixed powder, sieving the sieved mixed powder by a 40-mesh sieve, adding water into the sieved mixed powder, and uniformly stirring; adding the inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent of the preparation example 2 and the dispersing agent of the preparation example 6, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed slurry powder, and ageing for 22 hours for later use; pressing the mixed slurry powder into a green brick, then drying the green brick at the drying temperature of 200 ℃ for 12 hours, and glazing; and sintering the green brick to obtain the waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile, wherein the firing temperature is set to 950 ℃, and the time is 20 hours.

Example 2

The waterproof and moistureproof tile of example 2 was identical to the tile of example 1 in the kind and amount of raw materials except that the firing temperature was set to 1000 ℃.

Examples 3 to 6

The waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tiles of examples 3 to 6 were prepared in the same manner and using the same types of raw materials as those of example 2, except that the amounts of the raw materials were different, as detailed in table 2.

TABLE 2 blending amounts (unit: g) of respective materials of the water and moisture resistant tiles of examples 1 to 6

	Examples 1 to 2	Example 3	Example 4	Example 5	Example 6
						Kaolin clay	7500	7700	7900	8300	8500
Calcium bentonite	200	250	300	400	500
						Inorganic aluminium salt water-proofing agent	200	200	200	200	200
Dispersing agent	30	30	30	30	30
						Portland cement	1500	1500	1500	1500	1500
Water (W)	1500	2000	2000	2500	2500

Examples 7 to 11

The waterproof and moistureproof tiles of examples 7 to 11 were prepared in the same manner and with the same kinds of raw materials as in example 2, except that the amounts of the raw materials were different, as shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 blending amounts (unit: g) of respective materials for the water and moisture resistant tiles of examples 7 to 11

	Example 7	Example 8	Example 9	Example 10	Example 11
						Kaolin clay	7900	7900	7900	7900	7900
Calcium bentonite	300	300	300	300	300
						Inorganic aluminium salt water-proofing agent	100	150	200	200	250
Dispersing agent	30	30	30	30	30
						Portland cement	700	900	1100	1400	1600
Water (W)	2000	2000	2200	2200	2200

Examples 12 to 15

The waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tiles of examples 12 to 15 were prepared in the same manner and using the same types of raw materials as in example 2, except that the amounts of the raw materials were different, as shown in table 4.

TABLE 4 blending amounts (unit: g) of respective materials for the water and moisture resistant tiles of examples 12 to 15

	Example 12	Example 13	Example 14	Example 15
					Kaolin clay	7900	7900	7900	7900
Calcium bentonite	300	300	300	300
					Inorganic aluminium salt water-proofing agent	200	200	200	200
Dispersing agent	10	20	40	50
					Portland cement	1400	1400	1400	1400
Water (W)	2100	2000	2200	2300

Examples 16 to 20

The waterproof and moistureproof tiles of examples 16 to 20 were prepared in the same manner and in the same types as those of example 2 except for the difference in the amount of each raw material, as shown in table 5.

TABLE 5 blending amounts (unit: g) of respective materials for the water and moisture resistant tiles of examples 16 to 20

Example 21

The waterproof and moisture-proof tile of example 21 was prepared in the same manner as in example 19 except that the inorganic aluminum salt water repellent prepared in production example 1 was used.

Examples 22 to 24

The waterproof and moisture-proof tiles of examples 22 to 24 were prepared in the same manner as in example 19 except that the inorganic aluminum salt water repellent prepared in production examples 3 to 5 was used as the inorganic aluminum salt water repellent.

Examples 25 to 28

The waterproof and moistureproof tiles of examples 25 to 28 were prepared in the same manner and in the same amounts as in example 19 except that the dispersants prepared in production examples 7 to 10 were used as the dispersants, respectively.

Example 29

The waterproof and moistureproof tile of example 29 was prepared in the same manner and in the same amount as in example 19 except that the same amount of unmodified ultrafine silica was used as the dispersant.

Example 30

The waterproof and moisture-proof tile of example 30 was prepared in the same manner as in example 19 except that the sintering temperature was 1200 ℃ in the preparation process, and the contents were the same as in example 19.

Comparative example 1

The waterproof and moistureproof tile of comparative example 1 was prepared in the same manner as example 1 except that: the portland cement in the raw materials of the waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile is replaced by the same amount of high belite cement, and the other raw materials and the mixing amount are the same as those in the example 1.

Comparative example 2

The waterproof and moistureproof tile of comparative example 2 was prepared in the same manner as example 1 except that: the inorganic aluminum salt water repellent was not added to the raw materials, and the other raw materials and the amount of the water repellent were the same as in example 1.

Comparative example 3

The waterproof and moistureproof tile of comparative example 3 was prepared in the same manner as example 1 except that: the calcium bentonite was replaced with the same amount of sodium bentonite, and the other raw materials and blending amounts were the same as in example 1.

Comparative example 4

The composition of the waterproof and moistureproof tile in comparative example 4 is the same as that of the raw materials in example 1, the grinding dispersant is different from that used in the dispersant, sodium polyacrylate is replaced by sodium methylene bis (methylsulphonate) in equal amount, and the rest is the same as that in example 1.

Comparative example 5

The water and moisture resistant tile of comparative example 5 was identical in composition to each of the raw materials of example 1 except that the preparation method of the dispersant was different: mixing superfine silicon dioxide, superfine titanium dioxide and sodium polyacrylate uniformly, adding water, and directly stirring and grinding to obtain the product.

Performance detection

The performance of the waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tiles of examples 1 to 30 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were respectively tested by the test method and standard of GB/T3810.3-2016 appendix g, and the test results are shown in Table 6. The indexes of the performances are as follows:

resistance to glaze cracking: no crack is generated;

water absorption (%): immersing the ceramic tile sample dried to constant weight in boiling water for two hours, wiping off the water on the surface of the ceramic tile after water cooling, measuring the mass, and calculating the water absorption rate;

the breaking strength/N is more than or equal to 1300N, namely, placing the ceramic tile sample dried to constant weight on a modulus tester, and measuring the breaking load of the ceramic tile sample;

the average value of the modulus of rupture is more than or equal to 35MPa, and the single value is more than or equal to 32 MPa;

the glossiness is more than or equal to 55 degrees.

TABLE 6 Performance test results for different water-proof and moisture-proof tiles

The test results in table 6 show that comparative example 2 does not meet the standard requirements for tile testing, and that the moisture and water resistant tiles of the other examples and comparative examples all meet the standard requirements. The water absorption of the tile of example 4 was 0.2% lower than that of the tiles of examples 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6; the tile of example 4 had breaking strength, modulus of rupture and gloss of 2542N, 44MPa and 62 degrees, respectively, which were higher than those of the tiles of examples 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6, respectively, and thus it was found that the tile of example 4 had the best water and moisture proofing effects among examples 1 to 6, and the weight of the selected raw materials was the most preferable. Example 9 the waterproof and moistureproof effects were the best in examples 7 to 11, and it was confirmed that the waterproof and moistureproof effects of the tile were the best when the weight ratio of the ultrafine silica to the ultrafine titania was 3:7 and the weight ratio of the sodium polyacrylate was 6% by weight of the ultrafine titania, and the tile of example 9 had a water absorption of 0.2%, a breaking strength as high as 2559N, and a modulus of rupture of 45 MPa. The waterproof and moistureproof effects of the ceramic tile in the embodiment 19 are the most excellent in waterproof and moistureproof effects in all the embodiments, that is, the best effect is achieved when the weight part ratio of the inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent to the portland cement is 1:8, the water absorption rate is the lowest and is only 0.1%, and the ceramic tile has excellent waterproof effects; the destruction strength is the highest and reaches 2650N; the modulus of rupture is up to 46 MPa; the glossiness is as high as 64 degrees. The water absorption of the tile of example 1 was lower than that of the tile of comparative examples 1-5, and the breaking strength, modulus of rupture and gloss were all higher than those of comparative examples 1-5, and the sintering temperature of the tile of example 1 was 900 deg.c, thus it was seen that the tile still had good waterproof and moistureproof properties and high strength when the sintering temperature was lowered to 900 deg.c during the preparation of the tile.

The detection result of the comparative example 1 shows that the silicate cement is replaced by the same amount of high belite cement, so that the components of tricalcium silicate are reduced, fewer colloids and crystals are generated after the inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent reacts with the high belite cement, the effect of blocking capillary vessels and water channels is reduced, the water absorption rate is 5%, and the waterproof performance is slightly poor; comparative example 2 no inorganic aluminum salt waterproofing agent was added, resulting in a higher water absorption of the waterproof and moistureproof tile than examples 1 to 22, with a water absorption of 5% and a weaker water resistance; comparative example 3 the calcium bentonite with strong water resistance was replaced with the same amount of sodium bentonite with strong water absorption, and the water absorption was higher than that of examples 1 to 22, thereby reducing the moisture resistance of the waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile. Comparative example 5 superfine silica, superfine titanium dioxide and sodium polyacrylate in the dispersant were directly mixed, and water was added to stir, improving the water absorption of the water-proof and moisture-proof tile, while the breaking strength, modulus of rupture and gloss of the tile were all reduced, reducing the water-proof and moisture-proof properties of the tile.

The performance of the waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tiles of the embodiment 1, the embodiment 19 and the comparative examples 1 to 5 is respectively tested, and the specific operation is as follows: carrying out flatness detection before paving and pasting, namely pressing opposite corners of the ceramic tile by hand and observing whether raised edges exist or not; detecting whether hollowing occurs or not after the tiles are paved and pasted for 24 hours, knocking the tiles on the ground by an iron rod, wherein hollowing occurs when the tiles are crisp, and hollowing does not occur when the tiles are stuffy; and observing whether the ceramic tiles fall off and go mouldy after being laid and pasted for 30 days. The specific test results are shown in Table 7.

TABLE 7 Performance test results for different water-proof and moisture-proof tiles

As can be seen from table 7, in comparative example 1, the portland cement in the raw materials is replaced by high belite cement, and although the tile does not have the phenomena of edge lifting, hollowing and falling off, the mildew phenomenon occurs, so that the waterproof performance of the tile is reduced; however, the tiles of comparative examples 3 and 4 have a mildew phenomenon during detection, sodium bentonite in the raw material has water absorption, and the methylene bis (methyl) sodium sulfonate has a poor dispersing effect on the ultrafine titanium dioxide, so that the waterproof performance of the tiles is reduced. The tile of comparative example 5 was examined for the presence of hollowing, flaking and mildew, and the water resistance of the tile was weak, indicating the importance of the dispersing agent in the tile material. The phenomena of edge warping, hollowing, falling off and mildewing do not occur in the detection of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 19. However, the tiles of comparative example 2 were examined for edge lifting, hollowing, flaking and mold formation. From this, it is understood that, in the present application, the inorganic aluminum salt water repellent is added to the tile raw material, and even if the tile sintering temperature is reduced to 900 ℃, the moisture and water resistance and strength of the tile are not reduced.

The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (8)

1. The waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-85 parts of kaolin, 2-5 parts of calcium bentonite, 1-2.5 parts of an inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent, 0.1-0.5 part of a dispersing agent, 7-18 parts of Portland cement and 15-25 parts of water, wherein the weight ratio of the inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent to the Portland cement is 1: (5-9).

2. The waterproof and moistureproof tile according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 77-83 parts of kaolin, 2.5-4 parts of calcium bentonite, 1.5-2 parts of an inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent, 0.1-0.5 part of a dispersing agent, 10-14 parts of Portland cement and 15-25 parts of water.

3. The water-proof and moisture-proof tile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dispersant is obtained by composite modification of ultra-fine silica and ultra-fine titanium dioxide.

4. The waterproof and moistureproof tile as claimed in claim 3, wherein the operation of the composite modification treatment of the superfine silica and the superfine titanium dioxide is as follows:

wet grinding the superfine silicon dioxide to obtain superfine silicon dioxide dispersion slurry;

wet grinding the superfine titanium dioxide to obtain superfine titanium dioxide dispersion slurry;

mixing and stirring the superfine silicon dioxide dispersion slurry and the superfine titanium dioxide dispersion slurry according to the weight ratio of 3 to 8, wet grinding and drying to obtain the dispersing agent.

5. The water-proof and moisture-proof tile as claimed in claim 4, wherein a grinding dispersant is added during the wet grinding of the ultra fine titanium dioxide, the grinding dispersant is sodium polyacrylate with a solid content of 30%, and the amount of the sodium polyacrylate is 5-8% of the total weight of the ultra fine titanium dioxide dispersion slurry.

6. The water-proof and moisture-proof ceramic tile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inorganic aluminum salt waterproofing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-22 parts of calcium carbonate, 1-3 parts of metal aluminum, 5-7 parts of ferrous sulfate, 21-25.5 parts of hydrochloric acid, 0.3-0.8 part of ferric oxide, 0.5-1 part of superfine silicon dioxide, 1-2.5 parts of diethanolamine and 55-63 parts of water.

7. The water-proof and moisture-proof tile as claimed in claim 6, wherein the ultra-fine silica is hydrophilic ultra-fine silica surface-modified with a silane coupling agent.

8. A process for the preparation of a water and moisture resistant tile according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:

uniformly mixing kaolin, calcium bentonite and portland cement to obtain a mixture;

grinding and crushing the mixture to obtain mixed powder, and sieving the mixed powder by a sieve of 20-60 meshes; adding water into the sieved mixed powder, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry A;

adding an inorganic aluminum salt waterproof agent and a dispersing agent into the mixed pulp A, uniformly mixing, and ageing for 20-24 hours to obtain mixed pulp B;

and sequentially pressing, glazing and sintering the mixed slurry B at the sintering temperature of 950-1200 ℃ to obtain the waterproof and moistureproof ceramic tile.