CN113290846A - DLP and FDM-based composite multi-material additive manufacturing device and method - Google Patents

DLP and FDM-based composite multi-material additive manufacturing device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113290846A
CN113290846A CN202110429259.8A CN202110429259A CN113290846A CN 113290846 A CN113290846 A CN 113290846A CN 202110429259 A CN202110429259 A CN 202110429259A CN 113290846 A CN113290846 A CN 113290846A
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China
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optical machine
fdm
plate
dlp
additive manufacturing
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CN202110429259.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113290846B (en
Inventor
沈理达
吴海东
杨钰隆
刘富玺
张寒旭
谢德巧
赵剑峰
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Priority to CN202110429259.8A priority Critical patent/CN113290846B/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/091529 priority patent/WO2022222184A1/en
Publication of CN113290846A publication Critical patent/CN113290846A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
    • B29C64/129—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
    • B29C64/135—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask the energy source being concentrated, e.g. scanning lasers or focused light sources
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/214—Doctor blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/227—Driving means
    • B29C64/236—Driving means for motion in a direction within the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/245—Platforms or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/321—Feeding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a DLP and FDM based composite multi-material additive manufacturing device and method, belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional printing, and realizes multi-material composite additive processing by combining DLP photocuring and FDM fused deposition molding technologies. After the photosensitive resin is exposed and processed and molded through the DLP optical machine, the residual processing can be carried out by the FDM spray head according to the design or the structural requirement, and meanwhile, the spray head converter can be used for carrying out the replacement processing process of different materials, so that the conversion of the materials is realized. The machining plane needs to be accurately positioned before switching the machining method so as not to cause errors. The multi-material gradient additive manufacturing can be realized by the reciprocating operation. According to the composite multi-material additive manufacturing device utilizing DLP and FDM, the simple processing method is adopted for switching, so that the equipment space is effectively saved, the actions among the working procedures are coherent, the forming time is saved, the cost is reduced, and the composite multi-material additive manufacturing device has a good application prospect in the aspects of multi-material composite processing and the like.

Description

DLP and FDM-based composite multi-material additive manufacturing device and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional printing, and particularly relates to a composite multi-material additive manufacturing device and method based on DLP and FDM.
Background
With the continuous development of various subjects such as additive manufacturing technology, material technology, aerospace, biomedicine and the like and the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, people pay more attention to the problems of multi-material composite processing and application thereof, the demand on equipment capable of realizing multi-material composite processing is stronger and stronger, meanwhile, the application prospect in various fields such as the aerospace field and the biomedicine field also promotes the forward development of the equipment, and the multi-material composite processing technology and equipment are bound to become an important step for promoting the development of the various fields. However, the development of the additive manufacturing technology for processing different materials by the same processing method or processing different materials by different processing methods is difficult at present, and the main reason is that different materials have different physicochemical properties, and when different materials are used for manufacturing the same workpiece, the manufacturing difficulty and error are often large.
Aiming at materials and technologies which can be processed by the existing additive manufacturing technology, the problems that materials with different properties such as metal, ceramic or resin are required to be subjected to composite printing, the material switching and positioning are accurately controlled, the bonding strength of the dissimilar materials is improved, the error is reduced, the surface quality is improved and the like are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a DLP and FDM-based composite multi-material additive manufacturing device and method, which have the advantages that the actions among the working procedures are coherent, the forming time is saved, the cost is reduced, the materials can be switched by adopting a simple processing method, the equipment space is effectively saved, the multi-material composite additive manufacturing is realized, and the device and method have good application prospects in the aspects of multi-material composite processing and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a DLP and FDM-based composite multi-material additive manufacturing device comprises an upper DLP optical machine surface exposure part, a middle FDM two-dimensional movement convertible printing spray head system and a lower liftable movement printing platform system, wherein the three layers are connected through a mechanical part to form an upper step, a middle step and a lower step;
the DLP optical mechanical surface exposure part of the upper layer comprises: an exposure device motor 21 is fixed on a side support plate 25 through an exposure device motor base 16, a tooth-shaped connecting plate is fixed on a moving connecting plate and is driven by the exposure device motor 21 through a belt by using a tooth-shaped pressing plate 17, the moving connecting plate is connected with two bare engine platform connecting ribs 22, the bare engine platform connecting ribs 22 are connected with a slider connecting plate 18 and a bare engine platform 23, the slider connecting plate 18 is connected with a slider, the slider is matched with a guide rail 19 arranged on the side support plate to realize the longitudinal movement of the platform, and a surface exposure system 6 is arranged on the bare engine platform 23 and moves together with the bare engine platform 23 and the bare engine platform connecting ribs 22;
the surface exposure system 6 includes: the optical machine fixing plate comprises an optical machine fixing plate 1, an optical machine level adjusting plate 2, an optical machine 3, an optical machine longitudinal adjusting plate 4 and an optical machine mounting fixing base 5; the optical machine 3 is fixedly arranged on the optical machine fixing plate 1, the optical machine fixing plate 1 is arranged on the optical machine horizontal adjusting plate 2, the optical machine horizontal adjusting plate 2 is arranged on the side surface of the optical machine longitudinal adjusting plate 4, and the bottom of the optical machine longitudinal adjusting plate 4 is arranged on the upper surface of the optical machine mounting fixing base 5;
the convertible printing shower nozzle system of FDM two-dimentional removal in middle level includes: the top frame 12 is fixed on the bottom plate frame 33 through four upright post supports 15, certain rigidity is ensured, an x-direction motor 14 and a y-direction motor 44 which provide power for the movement of the FDM printing device in the x direction and the y direction are connected with the top frame 12 through a motor base 13, meanwhile, an x-direction guide rail 20 is installed on the top frame 12 and is provided with a corresponding x-direction sliding block 10, a y-direction guide rail 36 is arranged on a connecting plate of the x-direction sliding block 10, a corresponding y-direction sliding block 37 is arranged on the y-direction guide rail 36, and the FDM two-dimensional movement convertible printing nozzle is installed on the y-direction sliding block 37, so that the two-dimensional movement of the FDM.
The convertible printing shower nozzle of FDM two-dimensional removal includes: a head changer 39, a detachable head 41; the spray head converter 39 is arranged on a right-angle plate 38 connected with the y-direction sliding block 37, a plurality of detachable spray heads 41 are uniformly distributed and arranged on the spray head converter 39, and each spray head can be opposite to the forming substrate 28 when being converted to the processing position;
liftable remove print platform system includes: a lifting platform motor 24 for providing power for the movement of the lifting printing platform is connected with the side supporting plate 25 through a lifting platform motor base 26, and the ball screw transmission device 7 and the motor 24 form a movement relation to drive the printing platform to realize longitudinal movement;
the printing platform comprises: the ball screw transmission device 7, the screw nut connecting block 8, the motion connecting plate 9, the forming substrate pull rod a27, the forming substrate pull rod b29 and the forming substrate 28; the forming base plate 28 is connected to the moving connecting plate 9 through a forming base plate pull rod a27 and a forming base plate pull rod b29, the moving connecting plate 9 is connected with the ball screw transmission device 7 through a lead screw nut connecting block 8, the lifting platform motor 24 drives the ball screw transmission device 7 to move, so that the motion is transmitted to finally realize the longitudinal movement of the forming substrate 28, the screw nut connecting block 8 and the motion connecting plate 9 form fixed connection through bolts, the motion connecting plate 9, the forming substrate pull rod a27 and the forming substrate pull rod b29 form fixed connection in sequence, the integral rigidity is ensured, the obvious shaking or tilting cannot occur in the operation process of the device, the forming substrate 28 and the forming substrate pull rod b29 form fixed connection through bolts, leveling the forming substrate 28 in the horizontal direction by adjusting the screwing degree of the bolts, so as to ensure the precision of a printed sample;
the scraper 42 is arranged on a scraper fixing plate which is arranged on a scraper guide rail 43 with a sliding block, and the scraper motor 34 which provides power for the scraper drives the scraper 42 to move through belt transmission; the material liquid tank 30 is fixed on a material tank base table 32 below through three long bolts, the material liquid tank is leveled in the horizontal direction by adjusting the screwing degree of the three bolts, the upper surface of the material liquid tank 30 is slightly higher than the upper surface of the forming base plate 28, the scraper 42 is ensured to smoothly scrape the material in the liquid tank onto the forming base plate 28 so as to carry out photocuring treatment, and the material tank base table 32 is arranged on a bottom plate frame 33 through four material tank base table upright columns 31 to ensure the overall stability; two lower reinforcing plates 35 and two support rods 45 connect the bottom plate border 33 and the bottom plate 46 together to provide support for the entire device.
In the structure, the surface exposure system 6 adopts a DLP ultraviolet digital projection technology to selectively project a surface light source into the material liquid tank 30 and solidify and form the lower layer; the FDM two-dimensional movable convertible printing nozzle is used for switching different wire materials by utilizing a nozzle converter;
the material liquid tank 30 is equipped with a heating and heat dissipating device to ensure that the temperature in the material liquid tank meets the requirements.
A multi-material composite additive manufacturing method adopting the device comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional model to be processed by using three-dimensional modeling software in a computer, wherein the size of the model meets the requirement that the size of the model does not exceed the maximum size which can be printed by printing equipment, storing the model as an STL file after modeling is completed, partitioning the model file according to the requirements which need to be met by different material areas, and selecting different processing modes for different areas;
(2) importing the processed model file into a system, and selecting a corresponding processing mode by the system according to preset information;
(3) when the device is used for processing and manufacturing, the forming substrate 28 of the lower layer is placed in the material liquid tank 30 filled with enough A material 47, the optical machine 3 in the surface exposure system 6 is switched on, the A material 47 is subjected to layer-by-layer photocuring, the surface exposure photocuring forming of the A material 47 is completed, when the B material needs to be formed, the forming substrate 28 of the lower layer is lifted to the position below the detachable spray head 41, the overlapping composite processing of the B material 49 is performed on the basis that the A material 47 is formed, if the conversion processing of different wire materials needs to be performed, the spray head converter 39 can be rotated according to actual requirements to perform the conversion of different wire materials, and the material increasing manufacturing processing of multiple composite materials is completed in a circulating reciprocating mode.
In the above step, the preset information in step (2) includes: material selection, positioning and placement modes;
the liquid light-cured material contained in the liquid tank in the step (3) is a liquid high polymer material added with ceramic, metal particles or fibers as a reinforcing phase, and the proportion of the reinforcing phase is not more than 15 percent;
the nozzle converter 19 can be rotated according to actual requirements to convert different wires in the FDM processing process, so that the diversity of processing materials is realized.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a DLP and FDM-based composite multi-material additive manufacturing device and method, and compared with the prior art, the DLP and FDM-based composite multi-material additive manufacturing device has the following advantages:
(1) the method is beneficial to the development of additive manufacturing equipment for composite multi-material, provides an integrated manufacturing method for realizing the formation of the composite multi-material, and solves the problem that the traditional processing method is difficult to realize the integrated gradient processing of the multi-material;
(2) the invention utilizes DLP surface exposure light curing technology and combines FDM fusion deposition technology to complete the composite additive manufacturing of various materials, takes surface exposure technology and fusion deposition technology molding materials as a matrix, and realizes the composite processing integration of various materials by integrating two technical means on the same machine;
(3) the invention adopts a simple processing method for switching, realizes multi-material composite processing, effectively saves equipment space, has continuous actions among working procedures, saves forming time, reduces cost, has good application prospect in the aspects of multi-material composite processing and the like, and opens up a new research field for additive manufacturing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a model of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein a is a front view and b is a side view;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an upper layer structure in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein a is a front view and b is a left view;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a middle level showerhead converter in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a lower layer of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a surface exposure process in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a fused deposition take-over process in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a sample multi-material composite integrated additive manufacturing process in an embodiment of the invention;
in the figure: 1 is a fixing plate of the optical machine, 2 is a horizontal adjusting plate of the optical machine, 3 is the optical machine, 4 is a longitudinal adjusting plate of the optical machine, 5 is a mounting fixing base of the optical machine, 6 is a surface exposure system, 7 is a ball screw transmission device, 8 is a screw nut connecting block, 9 is a motion connecting block, 10 is an x-direction slider, 11 is a connecting plate, 12 is a top frame, 13 is a motor base, 14 is an x-direction motor, 15 is a stand column bracket, 16 is an exposure device motor base, 17 is a tooth-shaped pressing plate, 18 is a slider connecting plate, 19 is a side support plate guide rail, 20 is an x-direction guide rail, 21 is an exposure device motor, 22 is an optical machine platform connecting rib, 23 is an optical machine platform, 24 is a lifting platform motor, 25 is a side support plate, 26 is a lifting platform motor base, 27 is a forming substrate pull rod a, 28 is a forming substrate, 29 is a forming substrate pull rod b, 30 is a material liquid tank, 31 is a material tank stand column, 32 is a material tank, 33 is the bottom plate frame, 34 is the scraper motor, 35 is lower reinforcing plate, 36 is the y to guide rail, 37 is the y to slider, 38 is the right angle board, 39 is the shower nozzle converter, 40 is the connecting block, 41 is the removable shower nozzle, 42 is the scraper, 43 is the scraper guide rail, 44 is the y to motor, 45 is the bracing piece, 46 is the bottom plate, 47 is A material entity, 48 is liquid material, 49 is B material entity.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, a DLP and FDM-based composite multi-material additive manufacturing device comprises an upper DLP optical machine surface exposure part, a middle FDM two-dimensional movable convertible printing nozzle system and a lower liftable movable printing platform system, wherein the three layers are connected through a mechanical part to form an upper, middle and lower ladder configuration;
as shown in fig. 2, the DLP optical bench exposure portion of the upper layer includes: an exposure device motor 21 is fixed on a side support plate 25 through an exposure device motor base 16, a tooth-shaped connecting plate is fixed on a moving connecting plate and is driven by the exposure device motor 21 through a belt by using a tooth-shaped pressing plate 17, the moving connecting plate is connected with two bare engine platform connecting ribs 22, the bare engine platform connecting ribs 22 are connected with a slider connecting plate 18 and a bare engine platform 23, the slider connecting plate 18 is connected with a slider, the slider is matched with a guide rail 19 arranged on the side support plate to realize the longitudinal movement of the platform, and a surface exposure system 6 is arranged on the bare engine platform 23 and moves together with the bare engine platform 23 and the bare engine platform connecting ribs 22;
the surface exposure system 6 includes: the optical machine fixing plate comprises an optical machine fixing plate 1, an optical machine level adjusting plate 2, an optical machine 3, an optical machine longitudinal adjusting plate 4 and an optical machine mounting fixing base 5; the optical machine 3 is fixedly arranged on the optical machine fixing plate 1, the optical machine fixing plate 1 is arranged on the optical machine horizontal adjusting plate 2, the optical machine horizontal adjusting plate 2 is arranged on the side surface of the optical machine longitudinal adjusting plate 4, and the bottom of the optical machine longitudinal adjusting plate 4 is arranged on the upper surface of the optical machine mounting fixing base 5;
the convertible printing shower nozzle system of FDM two-dimentional removal in middle level includes: the top frame 12 is fixed on the bottom plate frame 33 through four upright post supports 15, certain rigidity is ensured, an x-direction motor 14 and a y-direction motor 44 which provide power for the movement of the FDM printing device in the x direction and the y direction are connected with the top frame 12 through a motor base 13, meanwhile, an x-direction guide rail 20 is installed on the top frame 12 and is provided with a corresponding x-direction sliding block 10, a y-direction guide rail 36 is arranged on a connecting plate of the x-direction sliding block 10, a corresponding y-direction sliding block 37 is arranged on the y-direction guide rail 36, and the FDM two-dimensional movement convertible printing nozzle is installed on the y-direction sliding block 37, so that the two-dimensional movement of the FDM two-dimensional printing nozzle in the horizontal direction is realized.
As shown in fig. 3, the FDM two-dimensional movable convertible printing nozzle includes: a head changer 39, a detachable head 41; the spray head converter 39 is arranged on a right-angle plate 38 connected with the y-direction sliding block 37, a plurality of detachable spray heads 41 are uniformly distributed and arranged on the spray head converter 39, and each spray head can be opposite to the forming substrate 28 when being converted to the processing position;
liftable remove print platform system includes: a lifting platform motor 24 for providing power for the movement of the lifting printing platform is connected with the side supporting plate 25 through a lifting platform motor base 26, and the ball screw transmission device 7 and the motor 24 form a movement relation to drive the printing platform to realize longitudinal movement;
as shown in fig. 4, the printing platform includes: the ball screw transmission device 7, the screw nut connecting block 8, the motion connecting plate 9, the forming substrate pull rod a27, the forming substrate pull rod b29 and the forming substrate 28; the forming base plate 28 is connected to the moving connecting plate 9 through a forming base plate pull rod a27 and a forming base plate pull rod b29, the moving connecting plate 9 is connected with the ball screw transmission device 7 through a lead screw nut connecting block 8, the lifting platform motor 24 drives the ball screw transmission device 7 to move, so that the motion is transmitted to finally realize the longitudinal movement of the forming substrate 28, the screw nut connecting block 8 and the motion connecting plate 9 form fixed connection through bolts, the motion connecting plate 9, the forming substrate pull rod a27 and the forming substrate pull rod b29 form fixed connection in sequence, the integral rigidity is ensured, the obvious shaking or tilting cannot occur in the operation process of the device, the forming substrate 28 and the forming substrate pull rod b29 form fixed connection through bolts, leveling the forming substrate 28 in the horizontal direction by adjusting the screwing degree of the bolts, so as to ensure the precision of a printed sample;
the scraper 42 is arranged on a scraper fixing plate which is arranged on a scraper guide rail 43 with a sliding block, and the scraper motor 34 which provides power for the scraper drives the scraper 42 to move through belt transmission; the material liquid tank 30 is fixed on a material tank base table 32 below through three long bolts, the material liquid tank is leveled in the horizontal direction by adjusting the screwing degree of the three bolts, the upper surface of the material liquid tank 30 is slightly higher than the upper surface of the forming base plate 28, the scraper 42 is ensured to smoothly scrape the material in the liquid tank onto the forming base plate 28 so as to carry out photocuring treatment, and the material tank base table 32 is arranged on a bottom plate frame 33 through four material tank base table upright columns 31 to ensure the overall stability; two lower reinforcing plates 35 and two support rods 45 connect the bottom plate border 33 and the bottom plate 46 together to provide support for the entire device.
In the structure, the surface exposure system 6 adopts a DLP ultraviolet digital projection technology to selectively project a surface light source into the material liquid tank 30 and solidify and form the lower layer; the FDM two-dimensional movable convertible printing nozzle is used for switching different wire materials by utilizing a nozzle converter; the material liquid tank 30 is equipped with a heating and heat dissipating device to ensure that the temperature in the material liquid tank meets the requirements.
A multi-material composite additive manufacturing method adopting the device comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional model to be processed by using three-dimensional modeling software in a computer, wherein the size of the model meets the requirement that the size of the model does not exceed the maximum size which can be printed by printing equipment, storing the model as an STL file after modeling is completed, partitioning the model file according to the requirements which need to be met by different material areas, and selecting different processing modes for different areas;
(2) the processed model file is imported into a system, the system selects a corresponding processing mode according to preset information (material selection, positioning and placement modes), and the whole process can realize automatic station switching and processing position adjustment according to programming;
(3) when the device is used for processing and manufacturing, the forming substrate 28 of the lower layer is placed in the material liquid tank 30 filled with enough A material 47, as shown in fig. 5, the optical machine 3 in the surface exposure system 6 is switched on, the A material 47 is subjected to layer-by-layer photocuring, the surface exposure photocuring forming of the A material 47 is completed, when the B material needs to be formed, the forming substrate 28 of the lower layer is lifted to the position below the detachable spray head 41, as shown in fig. 6, the B material 49 is superposed and composite processed on the basis of the formed A material 47, if different wires need to be converted, the spray head converter 39 can be rotated according to actual requirements to convert the different wires, and the material adding manufacturing processing of multiple composite materials is completed in a circulating and reciprocating mode.
The liquid photo-curing material contained in the material liquid tank 30 in the step (3) is a liquid polymer material added with ceramic, metal particles or fibers as a reinforcing phase, and the proportion of the reinforcing phase is not more than 15%.
In summary, the DLP and FDM based composite multi-material additive manufacturing device and method of the present invention combine DLP photocuring and FDM fused deposition modeling technologies to achieve multi-material composite additive manufacturing. The invention efficiently utilizes the forming space, saves the forming space due to the design of the rotating structure, reduces the cost and has compact structure of the whole system.
The following description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A DLP and FDM-based composite multi-material additive manufacturing device is characterized by comprising an upper DLP optical machine surface exposure part, a middle FDM two-dimensional movable convertible printing spray head system and a lower liftable movable printing platform system, wherein the three layers are connected through a mechanical part to form an upper step, a middle step and a lower step;
the DLP optical mechanical surface exposure part of the upper layer comprises: an exposure device motor (21) is fixed on a side support plate (25) through an exposure device motor base (16), a tooth-shaped connecting plate is fixed on a moving connecting plate and is driven by the exposure device motor (21) through a belt by a tooth-shaped pressing plate (17), the moving connecting plate is connected with two optical machine platform connecting ribs (22), the optical machine platform connecting ribs (22) are connected with a slider connecting plate (18) and an optical machine platform (23), the slider connecting plate (18) is connected with a slider, the slider is matched with a guide rail (19) arranged on the side support plate to realize the longitudinal movement of the platform, a surface exposure system (6) is arranged on the optical machine platform (23) and moves together with the optical machine platform (23) and the optical machine platform connecting ribs (22);
the convertible printing shower nozzle system of FDM two-dimentional removal in middle level includes: the top frame (12) is fixed on a bottom plate frame (33) through four upright post supports (15), certain rigidity is ensured, an x-direction motor (14) and a y-direction motor (44) which provide power for the movement of the FDM printing device in the x direction and the y direction are connected with the top frame (12) through a motor base (13), meanwhile, an x-direction guide rail (20) is installed on the top frame (12) and is provided with a corresponding x-direction sliding block (10), a y-direction guide rail (36) is arranged on a connecting plate of the x-direction sliding block (10), a corresponding y-direction sliding block (37) is arranged on the y-direction guide rail (36), and the FDM two-dimensional movement convertible printing nozzle is installed on the y-direction sliding block (37), so that the two-dimensional movement of the FDM two-dimensional printing nozzle in the horizontal direction is realized;
the liftable of lower floor removes print platform system includes: a lifting platform motor (24) for providing power for the movement of the lifting printing platform is connected with a side supporting plate (25) through a lifting platform motor base (26), and a ball screw transmission device (7) and the motor (24) form a movement relation to drive the printing platform to realize longitudinal movement.
2. The DLP and FDM based composite multi-material additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the area exposure system (6) comprises: the optical machine comprises an optical machine fixing plate (1), an optical machine horizontal adjusting plate (2), an optical machine (3), an optical machine longitudinal adjusting plate (4) and an optical machine mounting fixing base (5); the optical machine fixing device is characterized in that the optical machine (3) is fixedly installed on the optical machine fixing plate (1), the optical machine fixing plate (1) is installed on the optical machine level adjusting plate (2), the optical machine level adjusting plate (2) is installed on the side face of the optical machine longitudinal adjusting plate (4), and the bottom of the optical machine longitudinal adjusting plate (4) is installed on the upper surface of the optical machine installation fixing base (5).
3. The DLP and FDM based composite multi-material additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1 wherein the printing platform comprises: the device comprises a ball screw transmission device (7), a screw nut connecting block (8), a moving connecting plate (9), a forming substrate pull rod a (27), a forming substrate pull rod b (29) and a forming substrate (28); the forming base plate (28) is connected to the moving connecting plate (9) through a forming base plate pull rod a (27) and a forming base plate pull rod b (29), the moving connecting plate (9) is connected with the ball screw transmission device (7) through a screw nut connecting block (8), the lifting platform motor (24) drives the ball screw transmission device (7) to move, so that the motion is transmitted to finally realize the longitudinal movement of the forming substrate (28), the screw nut connecting block (8) is fixedly connected with the motion connecting plate (9), the forming substrate pull rod a (27) and the forming substrate pull rod b (29) are fixedly connected in sequence, the forming substrate (28) is fixedly connected with the forming substrate pull rod b (29) through bolts, the molding base plate (28) is leveled in the horizontal direction by adjusting the screwing degree of the bolts, so that the precision of a printed sample is ensured.
4. The DLP and FDM based composite multi-material additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 or 3 wherein the FDM two dimensional mobile convertible print jet comprises: a nozzle changer (39), a detachable nozzle (41); the nozzle converter (39) is arranged on a right-angle plate (38) connected with the y-direction sliding block (37), a plurality of detachable nozzles (41) are uniformly distributed and arranged on the nozzle converter (39), and each nozzle can be opposite to a forming substrate in the printing platform when being converted to the processing position.
5. The DLP and FDM based composite multi-material additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1 or 3 wherein the lower layer liftable mobile printing platform system comprises: the scraper (42) is arranged on a scraper fixing plate which is arranged on a scraper guide rail (43) with a sliding block, and a scraper motor (34) for providing power for the scraper drives the scraper (42) to move through belt transmission; material cistern (30) are on silo base station (32) of below is fixed through three stay bolts, the degree of screwing through adjusting three bolts carries out the horizontal direction leveling for the material cistern, material cistern (30) upper surface should be a little higher than forming substrate (28) upper surface, thereby guarantee that scraper (42) can scrape the material in the cistern smoothly and carry out the photocuring processing to forming substrate (28) on, silo base station (32) are installed through four silo base station stands (3) and are guaranteed overall stability on bottom plate frame (33).
6. The DLP and FDM based composite multi-material additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1 wherein two lower reinforcement plates 35 and two support rods 45 are used lowermost to connect the bottom plate rim 33 and bottom plate 46 together to provide support for the entire apparatus.
7. The DLP and FDM based composite multi-material additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1 or 2 wherein the surface exposure system (6) employs DLP ultraviolet digital projection technology to selectively project surface light source onto underlying layers for curing and forming.
8. The DLP and FDM based composite multi-material additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 4 wherein the FDM two dimensional movement convertible print head switches different filaments by utilizing a head converter.
9. DLP and FDM based composite multi-material additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
the device is characterized in that the material liquid tank (30) is provided with a heating and radiating device to ensure that the temperature in the material liquid tank meets the requirement.
10. A method of composite multi-material additive manufacturing using the apparatus of any one of claims 1-9, comprising the steps of:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional model to be processed by using three-dimensional modeling software in a computer, wherein the size of the model meets the requirement that the size of the model does not exceed the maximum size which can be printed by printing equipment, storing the model as an STL file after modeling is completed, partitioning the model file according to the requirements which need to be met by different material areas, and selecting different processing modes for different areas;
(2) importing the processed model file into a system, and selecting a corresponding processing mode by the system according to preset information;
(3) when the device is used for processing and manufacturing, the forming substrate (28) of the lower layer is placed in a material liquid tank (30) filled with a sufficient amount of A material (47), a light machine (3) in a surface exposure system (6) is connected, the A material (47) is subjected to layer-by-layer photocuring, surface exposure photocuring forming of the A material (47) is completed, when the B material needs to be formed, the forming substrate (28) of the lower layer is lifted to the position below a detachable spray head (41), overlaying composite processing of the B material (49) is performed on the basis that the A material (47) is formed, if conversion processing of different wires needs to be performed, a spray head converter (39) can be rotated according to actual requirements to perform conversion of different wires, and the material adding manufacturing processing of multiple composite materials is completed in a circulating reciprocating mode.
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