CN113280610B - Grain drying-machine of gradient dehydration - Google Patents

Grain drying-machine of gradient dehydration Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113280610B
CN113280610B CN202110598626.7A CN202110598626A CN113280610B CN 113280610 B CN113280610 B CN 113280610B CN 202110598626 A CN202110598626 A CN 202110598626A CN 113280610 B CN113280610 B CN 113280610B
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drying
grains
hopper
layer
grain
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CN113280610A (en
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鲁永为
黄鹏
唐少星
邹运飞
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Anhui Huagu Machinery Technology Co ltd
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Anhui Huagu Machinery Technology Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/001—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement the material moving down superimposed floors
    • F26B17/006—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement the material moving down superimposed floors the movement being imparted by oscillation or vibration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
    • A23B9/08—Drying; Subsequent reconstitution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/004—Nozzle assemblies; Air knives; Air distributors; Blow boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/001—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
    • F26B25/002—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements for bulk goods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/06—Grains, e.g. cereals, wheat, rice, corn
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying

Abstract

The invention relates to a grain dryer with gradient dehydration. Using a vibration delayer to layer the grains according to the grain diameter and the weight, and enabling the layered grains to enter a next-layer drying hopper from top to bottom; the drying hopper is vibrated, so that grains in the drying hopper are layered according to particle size and weight, and the grains which are dried more thoroughly move upwards to the edge of the drying hopper gradually due to the reduction of moisture, so that the dried grains can preferentially enter the edge of the drying hopper, and the grains with higher humidity are in the center of the drying hopper; the drier grains enter the next layer of drying hopper to be gradually dried; the problem of uneven drying caused by single drying can be avoided; secondly, when the grain is dried, the drying hopper on the lowest layer directly uses hot air, and the drying hopper on the upper layer sequentially uses the waste heat of the hot air used up by the next layer, so that on one hand, the heat can be saved, on the other hand, a temperature gradient is formed among the drying hoppers on all layers, and the problems of grain damage and uneven drying caused by directly using high-temperature hot air for drying when the grain humidity is high are avoided; and secondly, the air used up in the lower layer has certain humidity but is necessarily lower than the humidity which can be generated by the upper grain layer, so that the drying of the upper grain layer is not influenced.

Description

Grain drying-machine of gradient dehydration
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of grain drying, in particular to a grain dryer with gradient dehydration.
Background
The newly harvested high-moisture grains have the defects that the surface layers of the grains are not fully hardened due to the uneven maturity and moisture content of the grains, so that the drying condition at a lower temperature is adopted; if high-temperature drying conditions are adopted, grains can be damaged on the contrary, the surface of the grains is hardened, and capillaries on the surface of the grains are greatly damaged, so that the drying process is not facilitated. For this reason, when newly harvested high-moisture grains are dried, mild drying conditions must be adopted in consideration of their thermal stability and surface characteristics.
Application number CN201510163269.6 discloses a grain drying tower intelligence energy-saving control system, adopt hot-blast furnace coal charging bucket the control unit, hot-blast furnace temperature detection control unit, furnace negative pressure value detects and the control unit, heat exchanger front end and rear end temperature detection control unit, each air heater gradient air supply temperature detects and the control unit, store up grain section grain level control unit, each drying section grain temperature and moisture detect and the control unit, each drying section steam exhaust mouth exhaust steam temperature, humidity and the detection and the control unit of steam extraction wind speed, cooling section grain temperature detects and the control unit, drying tower row grain part grain moisture detects and the control unit realizes, and carry out intelligent control based on PLC.
Application number CN201510501701.8 discloses grain drying machine's drying tower inner chamber top-down divides into feeding storehouse and multistage stoving storehouse and the alternative arrangement structure in slow su storehouse, establish blanking storehouse again under the lowest floor slow su storehouse, establish hollow partition in the stoving storehouse, hollow partition's cavity ventilates, the grain is led to in the clearance of two adjacent hollow partition, establish the through-hole on hollow partition's the face, the wind passageway divide into hot-blast passageway and secondary hot air channel, hot-blast passing through hot-blast pipeline from bottom to top transmits between the stoving storehouse from the layer to the top, in the stoving storehouse on every layer, hot-blast is permeated to material passageway through the through-hole on the hollow partition by hot-blast passageway, the secondary hot-blast passageway that permeates again gets into upper strata stoving storehouse. Grain is through in the drying tower, drying against the current, and high temperature hot-blast and high moisture, microthermal grain carry out the heat exchange, make grain rapid heating up with inside moisture evaporation, and grain can get into tempering storehouse after the stoving and carry out tempering of a period of time, makes the inside moisture of grain outwards ooze, carries out drying next time, and the evaporation to the moisture in the grain is accomplished to the gradient formula.
Although the above-mentioned technology utilizes some methods to perform gradient drying on grains, because grain granularity is different and humidity is also different, the situation that some grains are excessively dried and some grains are insufficiently dried can still occur when the grain is directly subjected to gradient drying.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the content, the grain dryer for gradient dehydration is provided for solving the problems, and comprises a vibration delayer, a drying controller, a drying tower, a grading feeding head, a drying hopper, a hot air circulation system and a bottom discharge conveyor belt;
the vibrating delayer is arranged at the top of the drying tower and is used for vibrating and delaminating the grains, so that the larger and heavier grains are on the lower layer, and the smaller and lighter grains are on the upper layer;
the bottom of the vibration layering device is provided with a grading feeding head, and the grading feeding head is connected to the top in the drying tower and is used for injecting the grains in the vibration layering device into the drying tower according to grades;
a plurality of drying hoppers are arranged in the drying tower, and the drying hoppers perform gradient drying on the grains; the hot air circulating system is arranged on the side surface of the drying tower and is used for injecting hot air into the drying tower and recovering heat at the top of the drying tower; the bottom of the lowest drying bucket in the drying tower is connected with an air outlet of a hot air circulating system, and hot air generated by the hot air circulating system is used for drying grains; the drying hopper is provided with a humidity sensor for detecting the humidity of the grain in the drying hopper;
the drying controller controls a feeding switch of the grading feeding head and is connected with a humidity sensor of the drying hopper to acquire the grain humidity;
and a bottom discharge conveyor belt is arranged at the bottom of the drying tower and used for conveying the dried grains to the outside of the drying tower for other treatment.
The vibrating delayer delaminates the grain inside through vibration, so that the larger and heavier grain is on the lower layer, and the smaller and lighter grain is on the upper layer; the grading feeding head comprises a porous outer pipe, an adjustable inner pipe and a driving roller;
the porous outer pipe is vertically arranged in the center of the bottom of the vibration delayer, the upper end of the adjustable inner pipe is positioned in the porous outer pipe, and the outer wall of the adjustable inner pipe is in contact with the inner wall of the porous inner pipe; the bottom outlet of the adjustable inner pipe is positioned at the inner top of the drying tower, so that grains can enter the upper port of the adjustable inner pipe through the holes on the surface of the porous outer pipe and then enter the drying tower through the lower port of the adjustable inner pipe;
the central axis of the adjustable inner pipe is superposed with the central axis of the drying tower; the driving roller sets up top in the drying tower, with adjustable inner tube outer wall contact for control reciprocating of adjustable inner tube, thereby can be so that the high rising and the decline of the last port of adjustable inner tube, the grain that realizes the different particle diameters of control gets into the drying tower.
The number of the drying hoppers is 3 or more, the drying hoppers have a vibration function, and openings of the drying hoppers face upwards and are used for receiving grains falling from the drying hoppers; the side wall of the drying bucket is obliquely arranged, so that when the drying bucket vibrates, larger and heavier grains are on the lower layer, and smaller and lighter grains are on the upper layer and close to the edge of the drying bucket;
the diameter of the upper layer drying hopper is smaller than that of the lower layer drying hopper, so that grains falling from the edge of the upper layer drying hopper can fall into the lower layer drying hopper; a guide plate is arranged below the outer part of the edge of each drying bucket, and the falling direction of grains falling from the edge of each drying bucket is close to the central axis of the drying tower;
the bottom of the drying bucket at the lowest part is connected to an air outlet of a hot air circulating system, and hot air of the hot air circulating system is used for drying the grains; the hot air moves upwards after contacting with the grains, and the upper layer of drying hopper directly utilizes the drying fan to suck the next layer of exhausted hot air to dry the inner grains;
the center of the bottom of the drying bucket except the lowermost drying bucket is provided with a conical surface bulge, so that grains are not easy to accumulate in the center of the bottom of the drying bucket during vibration; a drying fan is arranged at the bottom of the side wall of the drying bucket except the lowermost drying bucket, and outside air is blown into the drying bucket from the bottom of the drying bucket so as to dry the grains;
the inside wind-guiding groove that sets up of stoving fill lateral wall for the air that the fan insufflates rises along stoving fill inner wall spiral, thereby makes wind and grain contact better.
The hot air circulating system is provided with a heater and a circulating fan, and air sucked from the top of the drying tower is heated by the heater and then injected into the drying hopper at the bottom of the drying tower by the circulating fan.
The specific mode that the drying controller controls the feeding switch of the grading feeding head and the humidity sensor of the drying hopper connected with the drying controller acquires the grain humidity is as follows:
before drying, grains are injected into the vibration layering device at one time, the grading feeding head is controlled to be adjusted to the highest position, and the grains are layered by using vibration, so that the grains with larger weight are on the lower layer, and the grains with smaller weight are on the upper layer; grain is not supplemented in the vibration delayer in the drying process;
starting drying, and moving an inner pipe of the grading feeding head downwards for a certain distance so as to enable grains to enter the drying hopper on the uppermost layer;
the drying bucket on the uppermost layer starts to vibrate and dry; the drying controller collects grain humidity at the outer edge of the side wall of the drying bucket at the uppermost layer, if the grain humidity meets the condition of entering the drying bucket at the next layer, the inner pipe of the grading feeding hopper is controlled to move downwards for a certain distance to continue feeding, the grain falls into the center of the drying bucket at the uppermost layer, and the grain at the edge of the drying bucket at the uppermost layer overflows and enters the drying bucket at the next layer;
the uppermost layer and the lower layer of the drying bucket are vibrated and dried, the drying controller collects the grain humidity at the outer edge of the side wall of the second layer of the drying bucket, if the grain humidity meets the condition of entering the next layer of the drying bucket, the inner pipe of the grading feeding hopper is controlled to move downwards for a certain distance to continue feeding grains, the grains fall into the central position of the uppermost layer of the drying bucket, the grains at the edge of the uppermost layer of the drying bucket overflow into the central position of the second layer of the drying bucket, and the grains at the edge of the second layer of the drying bucket overflow into the central position of the third layer of the drying bucket;
by parity of reasoning, the drying controller monitors the humidity of the humidity sensor at the edge of the drying hopper, which is closest to the lower layer and is provided with grains inside, every time, so that the final grains can meet the humidity requirement.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention uses a vibration layering device to layer the grains according to the grain diameter and the weight, and the layered grains enter the next layer of drying hopper from top to bottom; the drying hopper is vibrated, so that grains in the drying hopper are layered according to particle size and weight, and the grains which are dried more thoroughly move upwards to the edge of the drying hopper gradually due to the reduction of moisture, so that the dried grains can preferentially enter the edge of the drying hopper, and the grains with higher humidity are in the center of the drying hopper; the drier grains enter the next layer of drying hopper to be gradually dried; the problem of uneven drying caused by single drying can be avoided; and because the vibration classification is carried out before feeding, the grains entering the drying tower later are ensured not to move upwards more easily in vibration than the grains entering the drying tower earlier in vibration when vibrating, so that the grains entering later are ensured not to directly enter the next layer of drying hopper because of unevenness;
secondly, when the grain is dried, the drying hopper on the lowest layer directly uses hot air, and the drying hopper on the upper layer sequentially uses the waste heat of the hot air used up by the next layer, so that on one hand, the heat can be saved, on the other hand, a temperature gradient is formed among the drying hoppers on all layers, and the problems of grain damage and uneven drying caused by directly using high-temperature hot air for drying when the grain humidity is high are avoided; and the air used up in the lower layer has certain humidity but is necessarily lower than the humidity which can be generated by the upper layer of grains, so that the drying of the upper layer of grains is not influenced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosed subject matter, are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate the implementations of the disclosed subject matter and, together with the detailed description, serve to explain the principles of implementations of the disclosed subject matter. No attempt is made to show structural details of the disclosed subject matter in more detail than is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the disclosed subject matter and various modes of practicing the same.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the staged feed head of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The advantages, features and methods of accomplishing the same will become apparent from the drawings and the detailed description that follows.
Example 1:
with reference to fig. 1-2, a grain dryer with gradient dehydration comprises a vibration delayer 1, a drying controller, a drying tower 2, a grading feed head 3, a drying hopper 4, a hot air circulation system 5 and a bottom discharge conveyor belt 6;
the vibrating delayer 1 is arranged at the top of the drying tower 2 and is used for vibrating and delaminating the grains, so that the larger and heavier grains are on the lower layer, and the smaller and lighter grains are on the upper layer;
the bottom of the vibration delayer 1 is provided with a grading feed head 3, and the grading feed head 3 is connected to the top in the drying tower 2 and is used for injecting the grains in the vibration delayer 1 into the drying tower 2 according to grades;
the drying tower 2 is internally provided with a plurality of drying hoppers 4, and the drying hoppers 4 perform gradient drying on the grains; the hot air circulating system 5 is arranged on the side surface of the drying tower 2 and is used for injecting hot air into the drying tower 2 and recovering heat at the top of the drying tower 2; the bottom of the lowest drying bucket 4 in the drying tower 2 is connected with an air outlet of a hot air circulating system 5, and hot air generated by the hot air circulating system 5 is used for drying grains; the drying hopper 4 is provided with a humidity sensor for detecting the humidity of the grain in the drying hopper 4;
the drying controller controls a feeding switch of the grading feeding head 3 and is connected with a humidity sensor of the drying hopper 4 to obtain the grain humidity;
and a bottom discharge conveyor belt 6 is arranged at the bottom of the drying tower 2 and used for conveying the dried grains to the outside of the drying tower 2 for other treatment.
The vibrating delayer 1 is used for delaminating the grains inside by vibration, so that the larger and heavier grains are on the lower layer, and the smaller and lighter grains are on the upper layer; the grading feed head 3 comprises a porous outer pipe 7, an adjustable inner pipe 8 and a driving roller 9;
the porous outer pipe 7 is vertically arranged in the center of the bottom of the vibration delayer 1, the upper end of the adjustable inner pipe 8 is positioned inside the porous outer pipe 7, and the outer wall of the adjustable inner pipe 8 is in contact with the inner wall of the porous inner pipe 8; the bottom outlet of the adjustable inner pipe 8 is positioned at the inner top of the drying tower 2, so that grains can enter the upper port of the adjustable inner pipe 8 through the holes on the surface of the porous outer pipe 7 and then enter the drying tower 2 through the lower port of the adjustable inner pipe 8;
the central axis of the adjustable inner pipe 8 is superposed with the central axis of the drying tower 2; the drive roller 9 sets up top in drying tower 2, and with 8 outer wall contacts of adjustable inner tube for the reciprocating of adjustable inner tube 8 of control can make the high rising and the decline of the last port of adjustable inner tube 8, realize that the grain of the different particle diameters of control gets into drying tower 2.
The number of the drying hoppers 4 is 3 or more, the drying hoppers have a vibration function, and openings of the drying hoppers 4 face upwards and are used for receiving grains falling from the upside; the side wall of the drying bucket 4 is obliquely arranged, so that when the drying bucket vibrates, larger and heavier grains are on the lower layer, and smaller and lighter grains are close to the edge of the drying bucket 4 on the upper layer;
the diameter of the upper drying bucket 4 is smaller than that of the lower drying bucket 4, so that grains falling from the edge of the upper drying bucket 4 can fall into the lower drying bucket 4; a guide plate 10 is arranged below the outer part of the edge of each drying bucket 4, and the falling direction of grains falling from the edge of each drying bucket 4 is close to the central axis of the drying tower 2;
the bottom of the drying bucket 4 at the lowest part is connected to an air outlet of a hot air circulating system 5, and hot air of the hot air circulating system 5 is used for drying the grains; the hot air moves upwards after contacting with the grains, and the drying hopper 4 on the upper layer directly utilizes the drying fan to suck the used hot air on the next layer so as to dry the inner grains;
the conical surface bulge is arranged at the center of the bottom of the drying bucket 4 except the lowermost drying bucket 4, so that grains are not easy to accumulate at the center of the bottom of the drying bucket 4 during vibration; a drying fan is arranged at the bottom of the side wall of the drying bucket 4 except the lowermost drying bucket 4, and outside air is blown into the drying bucket 4 from the bottom of the drying bucket 4 so as to dry the grains;
inside wind-guiding groove that sets up of 4 lateral walls of drying bucket for the air that the fan insufflates rises along 4 inner wall spirals of drying bucket, thereby makes wind and grain contact better.
The hot air circulation system 5 is provided with a heater 11 and a circulating fan 12, and heats air sucked from the top of the drying tower 2 by the heater and injects the heated air into the drying hopper 4 at the bottom of the drying tower 2 by the circulating fan 12.
Example 2:
the specific mode that the drying controller controls the feeding switch of the grading feeding head 3 and the humidity sensor of the drying hopper 4 connected with the drying controller obtains the grain humidity is as follows:
before drying, grains are injected into the vibration layering device 1 at one time, the grading feeding head 3 is controlled to be adjusted to the highest position, and vibration is used for layering the grains, so that the grains with larger weight are on the lower layer, and the grains with smaller weight are on the upper layer; grain is not supplemented in the vibration delayer 1 in the drying process;
starting drying, wherein the inner pipe 8 of the grading feeding head 3 moves downwards for a certain distance, so that grains enter the drying hopper 4 at the uppermost layer;
the drying bucket 4 on the uppermost layer starts to vibrate and dry; the drying controller collects grain humidity at the outer edge of the side wall of the drying bucket 4 at the uppermost layer, if the grain humidity meets the condition of entering the drying bucket 4 at the next layer, the inner pipe 8 of the grading feed hopper is controlled to move downwards for a certain distance to continue feeding, the grain falls into the center of the drying bucket 4 at the uppermost layer, and the grain at the edge of the drying bucket 4 at the uppermost layer overflows and enters the drying bucket 4 at the next layer;
the uppermost layer and the lower layer of the drying bucket 4 are vibrated and dried, the drying controller collects the grain humidity at the outer edge of the side wall of the second layer of the drying bucket 4, if the grain humidity meets the condition of entering the next layer of the drying bucket 4, the inner pipe 8 of the grading feed hopper is controlled to move downwards for a certain distance to continue feeding grains, the grains fall into the central position of the uppermost layer of the drying bucket 4, the grains at the edge of the uppermost layer of the drying bucket 4 overflow into the central position of the second layer of the drying bucket 4, and the grains at the edge of the second layer of the drying bucket 4 overflow into the central position of the third layer of the drying bucket 4;
by analogy, the drying controller monitors the humidity of the humidity sensor at the edge of the drying bucket 4 closest to the lower layer with grains inside every time, so that the final grains are ensured to meet the humidity requirement.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (1)

1. A grain dryer with gradient dehydration comprises a vibration delayer (1), a drying controller, a drying tower (2), a grading feeding head (3), a drying hopper (4), a hot air circulating system (5) and a bottom discharging conveyor belt (6); the method is characterized in that:
the vibrating delayer (1) is arranged at the top of the drying tower (2) and is used for vibrating and delaminating the grains, so that the larger and heavier grains are on the lower layer, and the smaller and lighter grains are on the upper layer;
the bottom of the vibration delayer (1) is provided with a grading feed head (3), and the grading feed head (3) is connected to the top in the drying tower (2) and is used for injecting grains in the vibration delayer (1) into the drying tower (2) according to grades;
the drying tower (2) is internally provided with a plurality of drying hoppers (4), and the drying hoppers (4) carry out gradient drying on the grains; the hot air circulating system (5) is arranged on the side surface of the drying tower (2) and is used for injecting hot air into the drying tower (2) and recovering heat at the top of the drying tower (2); the bottom of the lowest drying bucket (4) in the drying tower (2) is connected with an air outlet of a hot air circulating system (5), and the hot air generated by the hot air circulating system (5) is used for drying the grains; the drying hopper (4) is provided with a humidity sensor for detecting the humidity of the grain in the drying hopper (4);
the drying controller controls a feeding switch of the grading feeding head (3) and is connected with a humidity sensor of the drying hopper (4) to acquire the humidity of the grains;
a bottom discharge conveyor belt (6) is arranged at the bottom of the drying tower (2) and is used for conveying the dried grains to the outside of the drying tower (2) for other treatment;
the vibrating delayer (1) is used for delaminating the grains inside through vibration, so that the larger and heavier grains are on the lower layer, and the smaller and lighter grains are on the upper layer; the grading feed head (3) comprises a porous outer pipe (7), an adjustable inner pipe (8) and a driving roller (9);
the porous outer pipe (7) is vertically arranged in the center of the bottom of the vibration delayer (1), the upper end of the adjustable inner pipe (8) is positioned inside the porous outer pipe (7), and the outer wall of the adjustable inner pipe (8) is in contact with the inner wall of the porous inner pipe (8); the bottom outlet of the adjustable inner pipe (8) is positioned at the inner top of the drying tower (2), so that grains can enter the upper port of the adjustable inner pipe (8) through the holes on the surface of the porous outer pipe (7) and then enter the drying tower (2) through the lower port of the adjustable inner pipe (8);
the central axis of the adjustable inner pipe (8) is superposed with the central axis of the drying tower (2); the driving roller (9) is arranged at the top in the drying tower (2), is in contact with the outer wall of the adjustable inner pipe (8) and is used for controlling the up-and-down movement of the adjustable inner pipe (8), so that the height of the upper port of the adjustable inner pipe (8) can be raised and lowered, and grains with different grain diameters can be controlled to enter the drying tower (2);
the number of the drying hoppers (4) is 3 or more, the drying hoppers have a vibration function, and openings of the drying hoppers (4) face upwards and are used for receiving grains falling from the upside; the side wall of the drying hopper (4) is obliquely arranged, so that when the drying hopper vibrates, larger and heavier grains are on the lower layer, and smaller and lighter grains are on the upper layer and are close to the edge of the drying hopper (4);
the diameter of the upper layer drying hopper (4) is smaller than that of the lower layer drying hopper (4), so that grains falling from the edge of the upper layer drying hopper (4) can fall into the lower layer drying hopper (4); a guide plate (10) is arranged below the outer part of the edge of each drying hopper (4), and the falling direction of grains falling from the edge of each drying hopper (4) is close to the central axis of the drying tower (2);
the bottom of the drying bucket (4) at the lowest part is connected to an air outlet of a hot air circulating system (5), and hot air of the hot air circulating system (5) is used for drying grains; the hot air moves upwards after contacting with the grains, and the upper layer of the drying hopper (4) directly utilizes the drying fan to suck the next layer of exhausted hot air to dry the inner grains;
the conical surface bulge is arranged at the center of the bottom of the drying bucket (4) except the lowest drying bucket (4), so that grains are not easy to accumulate at the center of the bottom of the drying bucket (4) during vibration; a drying fan is arranged at the bottom of the side wall of the drying hopper (4) except the drying hopper (4) at the lowest part, and outside air is blown into the drying hopper (4) from the bottom of the drying hopper (4) so as to dry grains in the air;
the air guide groove is formed in the side wall of the drying hopper (4), so that air blown in by the fan spirally rises along the inner wall of the drying hopper (4), and the contact between the air and grains is better;
the hot air circulating system (5) is provided with a heater (11) and a circulating fan (12), and air sucked from the top of the drying tower (2) is heated by the heater and then injected into the drying hopper (4) at the bottom of the drying tower (2) by the circulating fan (12);
the specific mode that the drying controller controls the feeding switch of the grading feeding head (3) and the drying controller is connected with the humidity sensor of the drying hopper (4) to acquire the grain humidity is as follows:
before drying, grains are injected into the vibration delayer (1) at one time, the grading feed head (3) is controlled to be adjusted to the highest position, and the grains are layered by using vibration, so that the grains with larger weight are on the lower layer, and the grains with smaller weight are on the upper layer; grain is not supplemented in the vibrating delayer (1) in the drying process;
drying is started, and the inner pipe (8) of the grading feeding head (3) moves downwards for a certain distance, so that grains enter the drying hopper (4) at the uppermost layer;
the drying bucket (4) at the uppermost layer starts to vibrate and dry; the drying controller collects grain humidity at the outer edge of the side wall of the drying bucket (4) at the uppermost layer, if the grain humidity meets the condition of entering the drying bucket (4) at the next layer, the inner pipe (8) of the grading feeding hopper is controlled to move downwards for a certain distance to continue feeding, the grain falls into the center of the drying bucket (4) at the uppermost layer, and the grain at the edge of the drying bucket (4) at the uppermost layer overflows and enters the drying bucket (4) at the next layer;
the uppermost layer and the lower layer of the drying bucket (4) are vibrated and dried, a drying controller collects grain humidity at the outer edge of the side wall of the second layer of the drying bucket (4), if the grain humidity meets the condition of entering the next layer of the drying bucket (4), an inner pipe (8) of a grading feed hopper is controlled to move downwards for a certain distance to continue feeding grains, the grains fall into the central position of the uppermost layer of the drying bucket (4), the grains at the edge of the uppermost layer of the drying bucket (4) overflow into the central position of the second layer of the drying bucket (4), and the grains at the edge of the second layer of the drying bucket (4) overflow into the central position of the third layer of the drying bucket (4);
by analogy, the drying controller monitors the humidity of the humidity sensor at the edge of the drying hopper (4) which is closest to the lower layer and is internally provided with grains every time, so that the final grains are ensured to meet the humidity requirement.
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