CN113280610B - Grain dryer with gradient dehydration - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a grain dryer for gradient dehydration. Use a vibrating stratifier to stratify the grain according to particle size and weight, and the stratified grain enters the drying bucket of the next layer in a top-to-bottom manner; the drying bucket has vibration, so that the grain inside it It is also stratified according to particle size and weight. The grains that have been dried more thoroughly will gradually move up to the edge of the drying bucket due to the reduction of moisture, so that the drier grains can preferentially enter the edge of the drying bucket, while the The grain with higher humidity is in the center of the drying bucket; the drier grain enters the drying bucket of the next layer and is gradually dried; it can avoid the problem of uneven drying caused by single drying; The drying bucket of the upper layer uses hot air directly, and the drying bucket on the upper layer uses the waste heat of the hot air used up by the next layer in turn, so on the one hand, it can save heat, and on the other hand, a temperature gradient is formed between the drying buckets of each layer. Avoid the problem of grain damage and uneven drying caused by direct drying with higher temperature hot air when the grain humidity is high; secondly, although the air used up in the lower layer has a certain humidity, it must be lower than the humidity that the upper layer can produce. Therefore, Does not affect the drying of the upper grain.

Description

Grain dryer with gradient dehydration

technical field

The invention relates to the field of grain drying, in particular to a grain dryer for gradient dehydration.

Background technique

For newly harvested high-moisture grains, due to the uneven maturity and moisture content of the grains, the surface of the grains has not been fully hardened. Therefore, lower temperature drying conditions should be used; if high-temperature drying conditions are used, the grains will be damaged, causing damage to grains. The surface of the grain is hardened, so that the capillaries on the surface of the grain are greatly damaged, which is not conducive to the drying process. For this reason, when drying newly harvested high-moisture grains, it is necessary to take into account their thermal stability and surface characteristics, and to adopt moderate drying conditions.

Application No. CN201510163269.6 discloses an intelligent energy-saving control system for a grain drying tower, which adopts a hot blast stove upper coal hopper control unit, a hot blast stove furnace temperature detection control unit, a furnace negative pressure value detection and control unit, and the front and rear ends of the heat exchanger. Temperature detection and control unit, gradient air supply temperature detection and control unit of each hot air blower, grain level control unit of grain storage section, grain temperature and moisture detection and control unit of each drying section, exhaust steam temperature and humidity of each drying section It is realized by the detection and control unit of the exhaust air speed, the grain temperature detection and control unit in the cooling section, and the grain moisture detection and control unit in the grain discharge part of the drying tower, and is intelligently controlled based on PLC.

Application No. CN201510501701.8 discloses that the inner cavity of the drying tower of the grain dryer is divided into a feed bin, a multi-stage drying bin and an alternate arrangement structure of the slow-suspension bin from top to bottom. , There is a hollow clapboard in the drying bin, the cavity of the hollow clapboard is ventilated, the gap between two adjacent hollow clapboards is filled with grain, the plate surface of the hollow clapboard is provided with through holes, and the air channel is divided into hot air channel and secondary hot air Channel, the hot air is transferred from bottom to top between the drying bins layer by layer through the hot air conveying pipeline. In the drying bin on each layer, the hot air penetrates from the hot air channel to the material channel through the through holes on the hollow partition, and then infiltrates the secondary The hot air channel enters the upper drying chamber. In the drying tower, the grain is dried in the parallel and countercurrent flow, and the high-temperature hot air exchanges heat with the high-moisture and low-temperature grain, so that the grain quickly heats up and evaporates the internal water. The moisture inside the grain is made to seep out, and the next drying is carried out, and the evaporation of the moisture in the grain is completed in a gradient manner.

Although the above-mentioned technology utilizes some methods to dry the grain in a gradient manner, due to the different grain size and humidity, some grains are over-dried and some grains are under-dried due to direct gradient drying.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above content, in order to solve the above problems, a Grain Dryer for Gradient Dehydration is provided, which includes a vibration stratifier, a drying controller, a drying tower, a grading feed head, a drying bucket, a hot air circulation system and a bottom discharge conveyor belt;

The vibrating stratifier is arranged on the top of the drying tower, which is used to vibrate and stratify the grain, so that the larger and heavier grain is in the lower layer, and the smaller and lighter grain is in the upper layer;

A grading feed head is set at the bottom of the vibrating stratifier, and the grading feed head is connected to the top of the drying tower, which is used to inject the grain in the vibrating stratifier into the drying tower according to the grade;

There are drying buckets in the drying tower, and the number of drying buckets is multiple. The drying buckets dry the grains in a gradient manner; the hot air circulation system is set on the side of the drying tower, which is used to inject hot air into the drying tower and recover it. The heat at the top of the drying tower; the bottom of the bottom drying bucket in the drying tower is connected to the air outlet of the hot air circulation system, and the hot air generated by the hot air circulation system is used to dry the grain; Check the grain humidity in the dry bucket;

The drying controller controls the feed switch of the grading feed head, and the drying controller is connected to the humidity sensor of the drying bucket to obtain the grain humidity;

The bottom of the drying tower is provided with a bottom discharge conveyor belt, which is used to transport the dried grains to the outside of the drying tower for other processing.

The vibrating layerer stratifies the internal grain by vibration, so that the larger and heavier grain is in the lower layer, and the smaller and lighter grain is in the upper layer; the grading feed head includes a porous outer tube, an adjustable inner tube and a driving roller;

The porous outer tube is vertically arranged at the bottom center of the vibrating stratifier, the upper end of the adjustable inner tube is located inside the porous outer tube, and the outer wall of the adjustable inner tube is in contact with the inner wall of the porous inner tube; the bottom outlet of the adjustable inner tube is located at The inner top of the drying tower allows the grain to enter the upper port of the adjustable inner pipe through the holes on the surface of the porous outer pipe, and then enter the drying tower through the lower port of the adjustable inner pipe;

The central axis of the adjustable inner tube coincides with the central axis of the drying tower; the driving roller is arranged at the top of the drying tower and is in contact with the outer wall of the adjustable inner tube to control the up and down movement of the adjustable inner tube, so that the adjustable inner tube can be moved up and down. The height of the upper port of the inner tube rises and falls to control the grains of different particle sizes entering the drying tower.

The number of drying buckets is 3 or more and all have the vibration function, and the opening of the drying bucket faces upwards to catch the grain falling from above; The larger and heavier grains are in the lower layer, and the smaller and lighter grains are in the upper layer near the edge of the drying bucket;

The diameter of the drying bucket on the upper layer is smaller than that of the drying bucket on the lower layer, so that the grains falling from the edge of the drying bucket on the upper layer can fall into the drying bucket on the lower layer; The falling direction of the grain falling from the edge of the drying bucket is close to the central axis of the drying tower;

The bottom of the bottom drying bucket is connected to the air outlet of the hot air circulation system, and the hot air of the hot air circulation system is used to dry the grain; and the hot air moves upward after contacting the grain, and the upper drying bucket directly uses the drying fan to dry the grain. The inner grain can be dried by inhaling the exhausted hot air in the next layer;

The bottom center of the drying buckets except the bottom drying bucket is provided with a conical surface protrusion, so that the grain is not easy to accumulate in the bottom center of the drying bucket during vibration; the side walls of the drying buckets except the bottom drying bucket are A drying fan is set at the bottom to blow the outside air into the drying bucket from the bottom of the drying bucket, and then air-dry the grain;

An air guide groove is set inside the side wall of the drying bucket, so that the air blown by the fan spirals up along the inner wall of the drying bucket, so that the wind and the grain are in better contact.

The hot air circulation system is equipped with a heater and a circulating fan. The air sucked from the top of the drying tower is heated by the heater and then injected into the drying bucket at the bottom of the drying tower by the circulating fan.

The drying controller controls the feed switch of the grading feed head and the drying controller is connected to the humidity sensor of the drying hopper to obtain the grain humidity as follows:

Before starting drying, inject the grain into the vibrating stratifier at one time, control the grading feed head to adjust to the highest position, and use vibration to stratify the grain, so that the larger and heavier grain is in the lower layer, and the smaller and lighter grain is in the lower layer. In the upper layer; no grain is added to the vibrating layerer during the drying process;

When drying starts, the inner tube of the grading feed head moves down a certain distance, so that the grain enters the uppermost drying bucket;

The uppermost drying hopper begins to vibrate and dry; the drying controller collects the grain humidity at the outer edge of the uppermost drying hopper side wall, and controls the grading feeding hopper if the grain humidity meets the conditions for entering the next drying hopper The inner tube moves down a certain distance to continue to feed the grain, the grain falls into the center of the uppermost drying bucket, and the grain on the edge of the uppermost drying bucket overflows into the next drying bucket;

The drying buckets on the uppermost layer and the lower layer are vibrated and dried, and the drying controller collects the grain humidity at the outer edge of the side wall of the drying bucket on the second layer. If the grain humidity is sufficient to enter the drying bucket on the next layer If the conditions are met, control the inner tube of the grading hopper to move down a certain distance and continue to feed the grain, the grain will fall into the center of the uppermost drying bucket, and the grain on the edge of the uppermost drying bucket will overflow into the center of the second drying bucket. position, the grain on the edge of the drying bucket on the second layer overflows into the center of the drying bucket on the third layer;

By analogy, every time the drying controller monitors the humidity of the humidity sensor on the edge of the drying bucket on the bottom layer with grain inside, so as to ensure that the final grain meets the humidity requirement.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The invention uses a vibrating layerer to layer the grains according to particle size and weight, and the layered grains enter the drying bucket of the next layer in a top-to-bottom manner; the drying bucket has vibration, so that the inside of the drying bucket is vibrated. The grains are also stratified according to particle size and weight. The grains that have been dried more thoroughly will gradually move up to the edge of the drying bucket due to the reduction of moisture, so that the drier grains can preferentially enter the edge of the drying bucket. , and the grain with higher humidity is in the center of the drying bucket; the drier grain enters the next layer of drying bucket to be gradually dried; it can avoid the problem of uneven drying caused by single drying; Vibration classification is carried out to ensure that the grain itself entering the drying tower will not move up more easily than the grain that enters first during vibration, thus ensuring that the grain entering later will not directly enter due to unevenness. The next layer of drying bucket;

Secondly, when drying, the drying bucket on the bottom layer directly uses hot air, while the drying bucket on the upper layer uses the residual heat of the hot air used up by the next layer. A temperature gradient is formed between the drying buckets to avoid the problem of grain damage and uneven drying caused by directly drying the grain with higher temperature hot air when the grain humidity is high. The humidity that can be generated is smaller, so it does not affect the drying of the upper grain.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosed subject matter, are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings also illustrate implementations of the disclosed subject matter, and together with the detailed description serve to explain principles of implementation of the disclosed subject matter. No attempt has been made to show more structural detail than is required for a basic understanding of the disclosed subject matter and its various ways of practicing.

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the grading feed head of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The advantages and features of the present invention and the method for achieving the stated objects will be apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description.

Example 1:

With reference to Figure 1-2, a gradient dehydration grain dryer includes a vibrating stratifier 1, a drying controller, a drying tower 2, a grading feed head 3, a drying bucket 4, a hot air circulation system 5 and a bottom Outlet conveyor belt 6;

The vibrating layerer 1 is arranged on the top of the drying tower 2, and is used to vibrate and layer the grains, so that the larger and heavier grains are in the lower layer, and the smaller and lighter grains are in the upper layer;

A grading feed head 3 is arranged at the bottom of the vibrating stratifier 1, and the grading feed head 3 is connected to the inner top of the drying tower 2, and is used to inject the grain in the vibrating stratifier 1 into the drying tower 2 according to the grade;

A drying bucket 4 is arranged in the drying tower 2, and the number of drying buckets 4 is multiple, and the drying bucket 4 performs gradient drying on the grain; the hot air circulation system 5 is arranged on the side of the drying tower 2, and is used for drying The hot air is injected into the tower 2 and the heat at the top of the drying tower 2 is recovered; the bottom of the bottom drying bucket 4 in the drying tower 2 is connected to the air outlet of the hot air circulation system 5, and the hot air generated by the hot air circulation system 5 is used to dry the grain. Drying; the drying bucket 4 is provided with a humidity sensor to detect the humidity of the grain in the drying bucket 4;

The drying controller controls the feed switch of the grading feed head 3 and the drying controller is connected to the humidity sensor of the drying hopper 4 to obtain the grain humidity;

The bottom of the drying tower 2 is provided with a bottom discharge conveyor 6, which is used to transport the dried grains to the outside of the drying tower 2 for other processing.

The vibrating stratifier 1 stratifies the internal grain by vibration, so that the larger and heavier grain is in the lower layer, and the smaller and lighter grain is in the upper layer; the grading feed head 3 includes a porous outer tube 7 and an adjustable inner tube 8 and drive roller 9;

The porous outer tube 7 is vertically arranged in the bottom center of the vibrating stratifier 1, the upper end of the adjustable inner tube 8 is located inside the porous outer tube 7, and the outer wall of the adjustable inner tube 8 is in contact with the inner wall of the porous inner tube 8; The bottom outlet of the inner pipe 8 is located at the inner top of the drying tower 2, so that the grain can enter the upper port of the adjustable inner pipe 8 through the holes on the surface of the porous outer pipe 7, and then enter the drying tower through the lower port of the adjustable inner pipe 8. 2;

The central axis of the adjustable inner tube 8 coincides with the central axis of the drying tower 2; the driving roller 9 is arranged on the top of the drying tower 2, and is in contact with the outer wall of the adjustable inner tube 8 to control the up and down movement of the adjustable inner tube 8 , so that the height of the upper port of the adjustable inner pipe 8 can be raised and lowered, so as to control the grains of different particle sizes to enter the drying tower 2 .

The number of drying buckets 4 is 3 or more and all have vibration function, and the opening of drying bucket 4 faces upwards to catch the grain falling from above; At the time, the larger and heavier grains are in the lower layer, and the smaller and lighter grains are in the upper layer close to the edge of the drying bucket 4;

The diameter of the drying bucket 4 of the upper layer is smaller than the diameter of the drying bucket 4 of the lower layer, so that the grain falling from the edge of the drying bucket 4 of the upper layer can fall into the drying bucket 4 of the lower layer; The deflector 10 makes the falling direction of the grain falling from the edge of the drying bucket 4 close to the central axis of the drying tower 2;

The bottom of the bottom drying bucket 4 is connected to the air outlet of the hot air circulation system 5, and the hot air of the hot air circulation system 5 is used to dry the grain; and the hot air moves upward after contacting the grain, and the upper drying bucket 4 directly utilizes the The drying fan can inhale the hot air used up in the next layer to dry the internal grain;

The bottom center of the drying buckets 4 except the bottommost drying bucket 4 is provided with a conical surface protrusion, so that the grain is not easy to accumulate in the bottom center of the drying bucket 4 during vibration; A drying fan is arranged at the bottom of the side wall of the drying bucket 4, and the outside air is blown into the drying bucket 4 from the bottom of the drying bucket 4, and then the grain is air-dried;

An air guide groove is arranged inside the side wall of the drying bucket 4, so that the air blown by the fan rises spirally along the inner wall of the drying bucket 4, so that the contact between the wind and the grain is better.

The hot air circulation system 5 is provided with a heater 11 and a circulating fan 12. The air sucked from the top of the drying tower 2 is heated by the heater and then injected into the drying bucket 4 at the bottom of the drying tower 2 by the circulating fan 12.

Example 2:

The drying controller controls the feed switch of the grading feed head 3 and the drying controller is connected to the humidity sensor of the drying hopper 4 to obtain the grain humidity as follows:

Before starting drying, inject the grain into the vibrating stratifier 1 at one time, control the grading feed head 3 to adjust to the highest position, and use vibration to stratify the grain, so that the larger and heavier grain is in the lower layer, and the smaller and lighter The grain is in the upper layer; during the drying process, no grain is added to the vibrating layerer 1;

Start drying, the inner pipe 8 of the grading feed head 3 moves down a certain distance, so that the grain enters the uppermost drying bucket 4;

The uppermost drying bucket 4 starts to vibrate and dry; the drying controller collects the grain humidity at the outer edge of the side wall of the uppermost drying bucket 4, and if the grain humidity meets the conditions for entering the next drying bucket 4, the grading is controlled. The inner pipe 8 of the feeding hopper moves down a certain distance to continue feeding grain, the grain falls into the center of the uppermost drying bucket 4, and the grain at the edge of the uppermost drying bucket 4 overflows into the next drying bucket 4;

The drying bucket 4 buckets on the uppermost layer and the lower layer are vibrated and dried, and the drying controller collects the grain humidity at the outer edge of the side wall of the drying bucket 4 on the second layer. The condition of the drying hopper 4 is to control the inner pipe 8 of the grading feeding hopper to move down a certain distance and continue to feed the grain. At the center of the second-layer drying bucket 4, the grain at the edge of the second-layer drying bucket 4 overflows into the center of the third-layer drying bucket 4;

By analogy, the drying controller monitors the humidity of the humidity sensor on the edge of the drying bucket 4 on the lowermost layer with grain every time, so as to ensure that the final grain meets the humidity requirement.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention. should be included within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (1)

1. A grain dryer with gradient dehydration comprises a vibration delayer (1), a drying controller, a drying tower (2), a grading feeding head (3), a drying hopper (4), a hot air circulating system (5) and a bottom discharging conveyor belt (6); the method is characterized in that:

the vibrating delayer (1) is arranged at the top of the drying tower (2) and is used for vibrating and delaminating the grains, so that the larger and heavier grains are on the lower layer, and the smaller and lighter grains are on the upper layer;

the bottom of the vibration delayer (1) is provided with a grading feed head (3), and the grading feed head (3) is connected to the top in the drying tower (2) and is used for injecting grains in the vibration delayer (1) into the drying tower (2) according to grades;

the drying tower (2) is internally provided with a plurality of drying hoppers (4), and the drying hoppers (4) carry out gradient drying on the grains; the hot air circulating system (5) is arranged on the side surface of the drying tower (2) and is used for injecting hot air into the drying tower (2) and recovering heat at the top of the drying tower (2); the bottom of the lowest drying bucket (4) in the drying tower (2) is connected with an air outlet of a hot air circulating system (5), and the hot air generated by the hot air circulating system (5) is used for drying the grains; the drying hopper (4) is provided with a humidity sensor for detecting the humidity of the grain in the drying hopper (4);

the drying controller controls a feeding switch of the grading feeding head (3) and is connected with a humidity sensor of the drying hopper (4) to acquire the humidity of the grains;

a bottom discharge conveyor belt (6) is arranged at the bottom of the drying tower (2) and is used for conveying the dried grains to the outside of the drying tower (2) for other treatment;

the vibrating delayer (1) is used for delaminating the grains inside through vibration, so that the larger and heavier grains are on the lower layer, and the smaller and lighter grains are on the upper layer; the grading feed head (3) comprises a porous outer pipe (7), an adjustable inner pipe (8) and a driving roller (9);

the porous outer pipe (7) is vertically arranged in the center of the bottom of the vibration delayer (1), the upper end of the adjustable inner pipe (8) is positioned inside the porous outer pipe (7), and the outer wall of the adjustable inner pipe (8) is in contact with the inner wall of the porous inner pipe (8); the bottom outlet of the adjustable inner pipe (8) is positioned at the inner top of the drying tower (2), so that grains can enter the upper port of the adjustable inner pipe (8) through the holes on the surface of the porous outer pipe (7) and then enter the drying tower (2) through the lower port of the adjustable inner pipe (8);

the central axis of the adjustable inner pipe (8) is superposed with the central axis of the drying tower (2); the driving roller (9) is arranged at the top in the drying tower (2), is in contact with the outer wall of the adjustable inner pipe (8) and is used for controlling the up-and-down movement of the adjustable inner pipe (8), so that the height of the upper port of the adjustable inner pipe (8) can be raised and lowered, and grains with different grain diameters can be controlled to enter the drying tower (2);

the number of the drying hoppers (4) is 3 or more, the drying hoppers have a vibration function, and openings of the drying hoppers (4) face upwards and are used for receiving grains falling from the upside; the side wall of the drying hopper (4) is obliquely arranged, so that when the drying hopper vibrates, larger and heavier grains are on the lower layer, and smaller and lighter grains are on the upper layer and are close to the edge of the drying hopper (4);

the diameter of the upper layer drying hopper (4) is smaller than that of the lower layer drying hopper (4), so that grains falling from the edge of the upper layer drying hopper (4) can fall into the lower layer drying hopper (4); a guide plate (10) is arranged below the outer part of the edge of each drying hopper (4), and the falling direction of grains falling from the edge of each drying hopper (4) is close to the central axis of the drying tower (2);

the bottom of the drying bucket (4) at the lowest part is connected to an air outlet of a hot air circulating system (5), and hot air of the hot air circulating system (5) is used for drying grains; the hot air moves upwards after contacting with the grains, and the upper layer of the drying hopper (4) directly utilizes the drying fan to suck the next layer of exhausted hot air to dry the inner grains;

the conical surface bulge is arranged at the center of the bottom of the drying bucket (4) except the lowest drying bucket (4), so that grains are not easy to accumulate at the center of the bottom of the drying bucket (4) during vibration; a drying fan is arranged at the bottom of the side wall of the drying hopper (4) except the drying hopper (4) at the lowest part, and outside air is blown into the drying hopper (4) from the bottom of the drying hopper (4) so as to dry grains in the air;

the air guide groove is formed in the side wall of the drying hopper (4), so that air blown in by the fan spirally rises along the inner wall of the drying hopper (4), and the contact between the air and grains is better;

the hot air circulating system (5) is provided with a heater (11) and a circulating fan (12), and air sucked from the top of the drying tower (2) is heated by the heater and then injected into the drying hopper (4) at the bottom of the drying tower (2) by the circulating fan (12);

the specific mode that the drying controller controls the feeding switch of the grading feeding head (3) and the drying controller is connected with the humidity sensor of the drying hopper (4) to acquire the grain humidity is as follows:

before drying, grains are injected into the vibration delayer (1) at one time, the grading feed head (3) is controlled to be adjusted to the highest position, and the grains are layered by using vibration, so that the grains with larger weight are on the lower layer, and the grains with smaller weight are on the upper layer; grain is not supplemented in the vibrating delayer (1) in the drying process;

drying is started, and the inner pipe (8) of the grading feeding head (3) moves downwards for a certain distance, so that grains enter the drying hopper (4) at the uppermost layer;

the drying bucket (4) at the uppermost layer starts to vibrate and dry; the drying controller collects grain humidity at the outer edge of the side wall of the drying bucket (4) at the uppermost layer, if the grain humidity meets the condition of entering the drying bucket (4) at the next layer, the inner pipe (8) of the grading feeding hopper is controlled to move downwards for a certain distance to continue feeding, the grain falls into the center of the drying bucket (4) at the uppermost layer, and the grain at the edge of the drying bucket (4) at the uppermost layer overflows and enters the drying bucket (4) at the next layer;

the uppermost layer and the lower layer of the drying bucket (4) are vibrated and dried, a drying controller collects grain humidity at the outer edge of the side wall of the second layer of the drying bucket (4), if the grain humidity meets the condition of entering the next layer of the drying bucket (4), an inner pipe (8) of a grading feed hopper is controlled to move downwards for a certain distance to continue feeding grains, the grains fall into the central position of the uppermost layer of the drying bucket (4), the grains at the edge of the uppermost layer of the drying bucket (4) overflow into the central position of the second layer of the drying bucket (4), and the grains at the edge of the second layer of the drying bucket (4) overflow into the central position of the third layer of the drying bucket (4);

by analogy, the drying controller monitors the humidity of the humidity sensor at the edge of the drying hopper (4) which is closest to the lower layer and is internally provided with grains every time, so that the final grains are ensured to meet the humidity requirement.

Images