CN113279044A

CN113279044A - Descaling device and descaling method

Info

Publication number: CN113279044A
Application number: CN202110556810.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡家语; 师玉英; 胡国辉; 胡韶华; 秦芷涵; 刘腾; 段潇; 赵黎宁; 彭欣; 高官荣
Original assignee: Chongqing Lidao New Material Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Lidao New Material Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-04-06
Filing date: 2021-05-21
Publication date: 2021-08-20
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-21
Also published as: CN116103741A; CN113279044B

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a descaling device and a descaling method. This scale removal device includes: a cleaning head; a power supply, one output terminal of which is connected to the object to be cleaned and constitutes a first electrode, and the other output terminal of which is connected to the cleaning head and constitutes a second electrode; an electrolyte supply apparatus for supplying electrolyte to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode. When the power supply supplies power to the first and second electrodes, an electric field is formed between the first and second electrodes, thereby causing the electrolyte provided on at least one of the first and second electrodes to generate nano-scale bubbles, and the generated nano-scale bubbles are used by the cleaning head under the action of the electric field to physically remove the dirt formed on the object to be cleaned.

Description

Descaling device and descaling method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a technology for descaling and passivating the surfaces of metal objects such as steel, stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, copper and alloy products thereof, in particular to the cleaning and passivating protection of large metal parts (such as bridges, outdoor power facilities, ships, petroleum and natural conveying pipelines and the like) and the cleaning and passivating protection of heavy oil dirt surfaces of metal tableware, kitchenware and the like.

Background

In the service process of metal products such as steel, stainless steel, titanium alloy and the like, oxidation reaction and galvanic couple reaction occur due to acid-base and oxidation environment in the use environment, corrosion can occur, corrosion is formed on the surface, and the metal products have great damage effect on a matrix. In addition, tableware, kitchenware (mainly stoves and pots) and other articles are used in heavy oil pollution environment, and oil stain is burnt into colloidal greasy substances and carbide and attached to the surfaces of stoves and pots to further erode the substrate, so that the appearance and the sanitation are affected.

The current treatment methods for the fouling of the surfaces of these metal objects are mainly divided into physical and chemical methods. In the present specification, rusty matter, burned matter, oil stain and the like are collectively referred to as "dirt", and no particular description is made for distinguishing them.

On the other hand, the physical methods mainly include methods of removing dirt by grinding, beating, and ultrasonic vibration (cavitation) using iron sand, shot blasting, high-pressure gas jet, water jet (including hard particles in the jet), and ultrasonic waves. In particular, such physical methods subject the surface of the object to uneven stresses, leaving an uneven microstructure on the surface.

On the other hand, the chemical method mainly adopts the chemical reaction between the liquid with the corrosion function such as acid and alkali and the surface dirt, the method has the corrosion effect on the object matrix, and simultaneously the acid and the alkali pollute the natural environment. In addition, the electrochemical method adopts a high-frequency pulse type direct current power supply to apply an electric field, an object is soaked in the bath solution, and the purpose of removing dirt on the surface of the object is achieved through electrolysis or chemical reaction. At present, the electrolytic method is difficult to remove dirt such as sinter. The method needs high frequency (0-30 kHz), large current (as high as 400A), high direct current voltage (as high as 100V), large required solution amount (namely, the object to be cleaned needs to be soaked in the bath solution), and long rust removal time (as long as tens of minutes), and the specific methods can be seen in patent document 1 and patent document 2.

Since the above-mentioned various physical or chemical methods for cleaning metal articles from dirt have various disadvantages or drawbacks in terms of performance, efficiency, environmental friendliness, convenience of implementation, and the like, it is difficult to effectively remove various kinds of dirt formed on the articles.

Citations

Patent document 1, CN 111621840A.

Patent document 2, CN 103343381A.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a descaling device and a descaling method, which are used for solving the descaling problem of the surface of a metal object. In order to solve the above technical problem, the embodiment of the present invention is implemented as follows:

in a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a descaling device, including: a cleaning head; a power supply, one output terminal of which is connected to an object to be cleaned, on a part or all of the surface of which dirt is formed, thereby causing the object to be cleaned to constitute a first electrode, and the other output terminal of which is connected to the cleaning head, thereby causing the cleaning head to constitute a second electrode; an electrolyte supply apparatus for supplying electrolyte to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode. When the power supply supplies power to the first electrode and the second electrode, an electric field is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, so that nano-scale bubbles are generated in the electrolyte provided on at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode, and dirt formed on the object to be cleaned is substantially removed by the cleaning head under the action of the formed electric field in a physical manner by using the generated nano-scale bubbles.

The technical scheme (descaling device) provided by the invention is that an electric field is applied to generate a large amount of micro-nano bubbles between the surface of a cleaned object and a rolling brush head, and the surface of a matrix is scoured at a high speed in a physical mode, so that oxidized rusty objects and dirt are stripped, and meanwhile, a protective agent of atomic oxygen and electrolyte generates polishing and passivation effects on the surface of a stainless steel or steel matrix to form a compact passivation film, so that the surface of the object is quickly bright and clean. The invention subverts the traditional physical or chemical cleaning method and comprises an electrochemical method (micro-nano bubbles are generated in the early stage) and a physical method (the subsequent descaling process by utilizing the generated micro-nano bubbles). The atomic oxygen and the micro-nano bubbles generated by applying an electric field belong to electrochemical methods, but the efficiency and the speed of the atomic oxygen generated by the method are higher by orders of magnitude than those of the atomic oxygen generated by the existing method for generating the atomic oxygen by electrolysis in a pure electrochemical mode. The basic surface is scoured at a high speed by a micro-nano bubble physical mode, dirt and rusty materials are blasted by cavitation, the physical category is the physical category, but the efficiency is several orders of magnitude higher. Meanwhile, the technical scheme of the invention does not have the problem of local stress damage caused by hard particles contained in methods such as shot blasting, jet flow and the like.

According to some alternative embodiments of the invention, the nano-sized bubbles are nano-sized oxyhydrogen bubbles.

According to the technical solution given above, the nanoscale bubbles are preferably physically descaled in the form of nanoscale oxyhydrogen bubbles. Of course, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the nano-scale bubbles may also include other ionic components such as ammonia, chlorine, etc., depending on the type of electrolyte in the applied electrolyte, and that the various embodiments of the present invention are described by way of example only with respect to nano-scale oxyhydrogen bubbles, and are not limited to the specific components of nano-scale bubbles.

According to some alternative embodiments of the invention, the descaling device may further comprise: a detection device for detecting an electrical parameter with respect to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrical parameter comprising at least one of: (i) a current flowing through at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; (ii) a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode; (iii) a current density of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; and a control device, wherein the detection device compares the detection value of the electrical parameter detected by the detection device with a preset target value stored by the control device, and changes the magnitude of the electrical parameter in real time based on the comparison result.

According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the relevant electrical parameters can be better controlled through the detection equipment and the control equipment, so that the high-speed and effective descaling effect can be better realized under the action of an electric field compared with a descaling device without the functions of the detection equipment and the control equipment.

According to some alternative embodiments of the invention, the power supply is a dc power supply, an ac power supply or a pulsed power supply.

According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the problem that the existing simple electrochemical method has selectivity on a power supply is solved, and the method can be realized by using alternating current and direct current of the power supply.

According to some alternative embodiments of the present invention, the power supply is a portable dc charging power supply that provides a dc output voltage of 26 volts or less and a dc output current of 10 amps or less.

According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the voltage of the power supply required by the invention is less than 26 volts, and the required current is less than 10 amperes, so that the technical scheme is very safe and convenient to implement.

According to some alternative embodiments of the invention, the electrolyte comprises one or more of citric acid, white vinegar, additives and water. Specifically, the electrolyte comprises 1-12% of citric acid, 3-8% of white vinegar, 0.5-5% of an additive and the balance of water.

According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the electrolyte of the descaling method is edible citric acid, white vinegar, additives and the like. The electrolyte can be recycled, is environment-friendly and harmless to human bodies.

According to some alternative embodiments of the invention, the object to be cleaned and the cleaning head are both made of metal.

According to some alternative embodiments of the invention, the cleaning head takes the form of a metal roller, a metal sheet, or a metal brush, or the like.

According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the design of the cleaning head has larger selection space, and the shape, the size and the fitting relation with the surface of the object to be cleaned of the cleaning head can be correspondingly provided according to actual requirements.

According to some alternative embodiments of the invention, when the first electrode is an anode, the nano-sized gas bubbles are nano-sized oxygen bubbles. Alternatively, when the first electrode is a cathode, the nano-scale bubbles are nano-scale hydrogen bubbles.

According to some alternative embodiments of the present invention, the electrolyte solution supplying apparatus includes: an electrolyte container for containing the electrolyte; a pump body connected to the electrolyte container through a conduit and configured to pump the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte container; and a spray head connected with the electrolyte container and the pump body through a guide pipe and used for supplying electrolyte to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode.

According to some alternative embodiments of the invention, one output of the power supply is connected to the object to be cleaned by a wire and a connector. Preferably, the connecting piece is an alligator clamp, and the alligator clamp clamps the edge of the object to be cleaned.

According to some alternative embodiments of the invention, the electrolyte supply apparatus supplies the electrolyte to the soiled surface by means of manual spreading, spraying or soaking.

In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention further provide a descaling method, for example, including the following steps: connecting an output terminal of a power source to an object to be cleaned, the object to be cleaned having dirt formed on a part or all of a surface thereof, thereby making the object to be cleaned constitute a first electrode; connecting the other output of the power supply to a cleaning head, whereby the cleaning head constitutes a second electrode; providing an electrolyte to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; supplying power to the first electrode and the second electrode through the power supply, forming an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode, thereby causing the electrolyte provided on at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode to generate nano-scale bubbles; and physically removing dirt formed on the object to be cleaned by the cleaning head under the action of the formed electric field by using the generated nano-scale bubbles.

According to some alternative embodiments of the invention, the descaling method further comprises the steps of: detecting, by a detection device, an electrical parameter with respect to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrical parameter including at least one of: (i) a current flowing through at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; (ii) a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode; (iii) a current density of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; and comparing, by a control device, the detected value of the electrical parameter detected by the detection device with a preset target value stored by the control device, and changing the magnitude of the electrical parameter in real time based on the comparison result.

The technical scheme (descaling method) provided by the invention is that an electric field is applied to generate a large amount of micro-nano bubbles between the surface of a cleaned object and a rolling brush head, and the surface of a matrix is scoured at a high speed in a physical mode, so that oxidized rusty objects and dirt are stripped, and meanwhile, a protective agent of atomic oxygen and electrolyte generates polishing and passivation effects on the surface of a stainless steel or steel matrix to form a compact passivation film, so that the surface of the object is quickly bright and clean. The invention subverts the traditional physical or chemical cleaning method and comprises an electrochemical method (micro-nano bubbles are generated in the early stage) and a physical method (the subsequent descaling process by utilizing the generated micro-nano bubbles). The atomic oxygen and the micro-nano bubbles generated by applying an electric field belong to electrochemical methods, but the efficiency and the speed of the atomic oxygen generated by the method are higher by several orders of magnitude than those generated by the existing method for generating the atomic oxygen by electrolysis in a single pure chemical mode. The basic surface is scoured at a high speed by a micro-nano bubble physical mode, dirt and rusty materials are blasted by cavitation, the physical category is the physical category, but the efficiency is several orders of magnitude higher. Meanwhile, the technical scheme of the invention does not have the problem of local stress damage caused by hard particles contained in methods such as shot blasting, jet flow and the like.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or technical solutions in related arts, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related arts will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings can be easily obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive exercise.

Fig. 1-1 schematically illustrates a conventional principle of cleaning grease on a metal surface by using micro-nano bubbles through an adsorption principle.

Fig. 1-2 schematically illustrate the principle of prior pure electrochemical nanotechnology for grease removal from metal surfaces.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of removing dirt on the surface of a workpiece by using an applied electric field to form a nano-bubble motion field according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 schematically illustrates a descaling principle and a protection principle simultaneously achieved by using micro-nano bubbles for descaling treatment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 schematically shows a mechanical model of a single micro-nano bubble.

Figure 5 schematically shows a mechanically simplified model of the nanobubble population.

Fig. 6 schematically shows an equivalent circuit of a descaling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 schematically shows a system block diagram of a descaling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 schematically shows the basic principle of operation of the detection means and the control means comprised by the descaling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 schematically shows a partially enlarged schematic view between two electrode plates included in the descaling device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a control panel and a display panel provided on a control device included in the descaling apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a descaling method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It will be appreciated that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the application may be practiced in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein, and that the terms "first," "second," and the like are generally used herein in a generic sense and do not limit the number of terms, e.g., the first term can be one or more than one. In addition, "and/or" in the specification and claims means at least one of connected objects, a character "/" generally means that a preceding and succeeding related objects are in an "or" relationship.

Important terms

First, definitions of some important terms referred to in the present application are given for convenience of description.

Micro-nano bubble

Micro-nano bubbles (micro-bubbles) refer to micro-bubbles with a diameter smaller than 100um, and are divided into micro-bubbles (micro-bubbles) with a diameter of 1-100 um and nano-bubbles (nano-bubbles) with a diameter smaller than 1 um.

The micro-nano bubbles have the characteristics of low floating speed, large specific surface area, negative charge on the surface, free radical generation and the like, and are widely applied to the fields of agriculture, fishery, industry, environment and the like.

Fouling material

In the present specification, rusty matter, burned matter, oil stain and the like are collectively referred to as "dirt", and no distinction is made unless otherwise specified.

Current intensity and current density

The current intensity is the amount of electricity Q passing per unit time, and the current density is the current passing per unit area.

Passivation film

The electrochemical nanotechnology provided by the invention can also enable the metal matrix to be treated to generate a passivation film. The principle of the protective action of the passive film is that under the power-on condition, the passive film has the function of a catalytic assistant, the metal on the surface of the substrate loses electrons and is oxidized by atomic oxygen to form an oxide film, the passive film is inert and can slow down the corrosion speed of the metal to achieve the purpose of protection, and the density of the atomic oxygen is the key for generating a compact oxide film.

For the electrochemical nano passive film structure research, the surface oxide film of 304 stainless steel is considered to be a composite structure, which is composed of at least an inner layer and an outer layer. The outermost layer is Fe₂O₃The inner layer is mainly Cr₂O₃. Wherein Cr is₂O₃Is compact and has protective effect on the matrix. The structure and thickness of the passivation film is critical to the protective properties of the metal object to be treated.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the surface film structure.

Transmission electron microscope

A Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) is used to observe the microstructure and measure the thickness, etc., and the corrosion resistance of the passivation film is measured by a salt spray experiment.

Nanobubbles and nanobubbles

In the following description, the nanobubbles and the micro-nanobubbles may be used interchangeably without distinction unless particular emphasis is placed thereon.

Traditional physical descaling

The traditional physical descaling method is a general term for a method for breaking and stripping dirt and achieving the purpose of cleaning by utilizing the principle of conservation of kinetic energy and momentum to generate impact force by the change of the motion speed of a medium or the change of the reciprocating (rotating) motion state of a mechanism. The traditional physical descaling method has the remarkable characteristic that the material composition of the scale and the matrix is not changed in the descaling process. Common conventional physical descaling techniques mainly include: mechanical descaling, ultrasonic descaling, high-pressure water jet, sand blasting, etc.

Mechanical descaling method: the surface of the dirt is scraped, abraded and descaled by using a cutting tool, iron sand and the like. Cutting tools, iron sand, etc. may damage the object to be cleaned during operation due to their own characteristics, and the minimum size of the portion may limit the use thereof.

Ultrasonic descaling method: when ultrasonic wave is transmitted in the solution, the distance between liquid molecules is changed, the cohesive force of the molecules is greatly reduced, and the viscosity and the surface tension of the solution are obviously reduced. Meanwhile, the ultrasonic wave is continuously oscillated to disperse the scale particles, thereby achieving the purpose of descaling.

High-pressure water jet method: the high pressure pump is used to generate high pressure for cleaning the surface of the oil pipe, so as to clean and descale the oil pipe. The method is environment-friendly and has low labor intensity. Generally, in order to improve the descaling efficiency, tiny hard particles are added into the water flow.

A sand blasting method: the surface of the object to be cleaned is impacted by a jet flow containing abrasive particles, and rust and other impurities on the old metal surface are removed.

The invention provides a physical descaling method

The generated nano-scale bubbles are utilized to scour the joint surface of the dirt and the metal surface at a high speed under the action of the electric field force, and continuously impact and penetrate the dirt, so that the dirt is separated from the metal surface and falls off, and the purpose of descaling is achieved.

Explanation of important principles

Next, for better understanding of each embodiment of the present invention, a principle explanation is provided as follows, and particularly, differences between the existing technology for removing scale by using the adsorption principle of micro-nano bubbles generated by a micro-nano bubble generator and the technology for removing scale by forming a nano bubble motion field by using an external electric field, so that nano hydrogen bubbles with negative surface are gathered at high speed to the surface of a workpiece to be cleaned under the action of the external electric field, and the nano bubble clusters are broken to release pressure to peel off the scale are explained as follows.

The existing bubble adsorption descaling technology is compared with the physical descaling technology for impacting the dirt at a high speed in a micro-nano bubble physical mode provided by the embodiment of the invention

Fig. 1-1 schematically illustrates a principle schematic diagram of a micro-nano bubble generated by a micro-nano bubble generator for cleaning grease on a metal surface by an adsorption principle in the prior art. As shown in fig. 1-1, in state I, micro-nano bubbles 102 generated by a micro-nano bubble generator (not shown) are firstly adsorbed to the surface of grease and oil stain 103 attached to the surface of a workpiece 101. In the state II, the oil ester and the oil stain 103 are peeled off from the metal surface of the workpiece 101 due to the tendency of the micro-nano bubbles 102 to float upward. Finally, in the state III, the oil-containing micro-nano bubbles 102 float to the water surface, and the oil is concentrated on the water surface after being broken to wait for subsequent removal or collection.

In addition, regarding other aspects of the principle of cleaning grease on a metal surface by adsorption principle using micro-nano bubbles generated by a micro-nano bubble generator in the prior art, non-patent document 1, "study on application of micro-nano bubble technology to degreasing treatment of a metal surface", world of cleaning, volume 27, No. 10, pages 29 to 33, published by zhang, 10 months 2011 can also be referred to.

Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 schematically illustrates a principle of removing dirt on a surface of a workpiece by forming a nanobubble motion field using an applied electric field according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 2, the workpiece 201 to be processed is connected to the positive electrode of a power supply, for example, the brush head 205 is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, for example,

oxygen nanobubbles

202 and 206 are generated on the surface of the workpiece 201 to be processed (on the junction surface of the dirt 203 and the surface of the workpiece), hydrogen gas bubbles are generated on the surface of the brush head 205, and a large amount of hydrogen peroxide (H) is generated in an acidic electrolyte₂O₂)207. Hydrogen peroxide is polar molecules, is orderly arranged under the action of an external electric field 204 to form a nano bubble motion field, the surface of the nano hydrogen bubbles with negative charges is gathered at high speed to the surface of the workpiece 201 to be processed under the action of the external electric field 204, and the nano bubble clusters are broken to release pressure and peel off dirt 203.

On the contrary, if the workpiece 201 to be processed is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply and the brush head 205 is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the

hydrogen nanobubbles

202 and 206 are generated on the surface of the workpiece 201 to be processed (on the junction surface of the dirt 203 and the surface of the workpiece), and the hydrogen nanobubbles are generated on the surface of the brush headThe oxygen generating gas bubbles to generate a large amount of hydrogen peroxide (H) in the acid electrolyte₂O₂)207, hydrogen peroxide is a polar molecule, and is orderly arranged under the action of an electric field to form a nano bubble motion field, and the surface of the nano hydrogen bubble with negative charge impacts the dirt surface under the action of the electric field to peel off the dirt 203.

In addition, if an alternating current (not shown) is applied, hydrogen bubbles and oxygen bubbles are formed on the surface of the dirt 203 in a nanometer order, and the dirt has both an impact force with the surface of the workpiece and a release force of the nano-agglomerates, and acts on the inner wall of the dirt to peel off the dirt.

It can be seen that the differences between the existing technology for removing scale by using micro-nano bubbles generated by a micro-nano bubble generator according to the adsorption principle shown in fig. 1-1 and the technology for removing scale by using an external electric field to form a nano bubble motion field provided by each embodiment of the present invention shown in fig. 2, so that nano hydrogen bubbles with negative surface are gathered at high speed to the surface of a workpiece to be cleaned under the action of the external electric field, and the nano bubble clusters break to release pressure to peel off the scale include, but are not limited to:

(1) in the existing technology for descaling by utilizing micro-nano bubbles generated by a micro-nano bubble generator through an adsorption principle, nano bubbles must be generated by an independent nano generator, and adsorption is formed on a dirt and electrolyte interface (namely the outer surface of the dirt) according to the adsorption principle, as shown in fig. 1-1. In contrast, the nanobubbles generated in the technique of breaking the nanobubble clusters to release the physical pressure to peel off the dirt according to the embodiments of the present invention act on the interface between the dirt and the substrate (i.e., the inner surface of the dirt), i.e., impact the inner surface of the dirt at a high speed by a physical means, and relatively enter the interior of the dirt to perform physical descaling, as shown in fig. 2.

(2) According to the existing technology for descaling by using the adsorption principle of micro-nano bubbles generated by a micro-nano bubble generator, as shown in fig. 1-1, after the nano bubbles and oil stains are combined, the nano bubbles become neutral and are not influenced by an external electric field, that is, the necessity and feasibility for setting the external electric field do not exist in the existing technology for descaling by using the adsorption principle of the micro-nano bubbles generated by the micro-nano bubble generator.

(3) The solution cleaned by the technology of descaling by utilizing the micro-nano bubbles generated by the existing micro-nano bubble generator through the adsorption principle is generally in a neutral environment. In contrast, in the technology of breaking the nano-bubble clusters to release physical pressure to peel off the dirt provided by the embodiments of the present invention, the cleaning solution is an acidic environment (due to the presence of acidic substances such as citric acid, acetic acid, etc. in the electrolyte) so as to generate a large amount of atomic oxygen and hydrogen peroxide (specifically, hydrogen peroxide is beneficial to enhance the external electric field to promote the high-speed movement of the nano-bubbles, and atomic oxygen is beneficial to the passivation reaction), and the concentration and movement speed of the nano-bubbles are far higher than those generated by the nano-generator used by the adsorption principle.

The existing pure electrochemical descaling technology is compared with the physical descaling technology for scouring the dirt at high speed in a micro-nano bubble physical mode provided by the embodiment of the invention

Fig. 1-2 schematically show a schematic diagram of the prior pure electrochemical technology for removing scale on the inner surface of a metal pipeline. As shown in fig. 1-2, two

electrodes

123, 124 are respectively provided in opposite interiors of a workpiece to be processed (typically, a metal pipe) 121, an amount of an aqueous solution 122 (shown by a wavy line 122 in fig. 1-2) is filled in the interior of the workpiece to be processed 121, and both

electrodes

123, 124 are inserted in the aqueous solution 122. In addition, an external dc power supply 125 is connected to each of the two

electrodes

123, 124, so that the cathode 123 and the anode 124 are formed on the premise that the dc power supply 126 is energized.

Under the condition that the cathode 123 and the anode 124 are formed under the condition that the direct current power supply 126 is electrified, the aqueous solution 122 is subjected to an electrolytic reaction under the action of current, and a high-pH environment is generated at the cathode 123, and a specific chemical reaction formula is shown as the following formula (1):

O₂+2H₂O+4e^-→4OH^-

2H₂O+2e^-→2OH^-+H₂formula ↓ (1)

Accordingly, the cathode 123 generates a precipitation reaction, and the specific chemical reaction formula is shown in the following formula (2):

HCO₃ ^-+OH^-→CO₃ ^2-+H₂O

Ca²⁺+CO₃ ^2-→CaCO₃↓

Mg²⁺+2OH^-→Mg(OH)₂equation ↓ (2)

Further, a strongly oxidizing substance, such as hydroxyl radical, chlorine gas, etc., is generated on the surface of the anode 124, and reacts with the organic contaminant (i.e., the dirt 127 formed on the surface of the workpiece 121 to be treated), and the specific chemical reaction formula is shown in formula (3) given below:

H₂O-e^-→·OH+H⁺

2Cl^--2e^-→Cl₂

Cl₂+H₂O→HClO+Cl^-+H⁺

HClO→ClO^-+H⁺

2H₂O-2e^-→H₂O₂+2H⁺

4OH^--4e^-→O₂↑+2H₂O

formula (3)

According to the chemical reaction, the alkaline environment can promote a large amount of HCO in the water body₃ ^-With OH^-Reaction to form and CO₃ ^2-，Ca²⁺And Mg²⁺Migrate under electric field to the vicinity of the cathode plate (as shown by reference numeral 128 in FIGS. 1-2) as CaCO₃Forms of calcium hardness and Mg (OH)²The magnesium hardness in the form is precipitated on the surfaces of the

electrodes

123 and 124, so that the concentration of scaling ions in the water is greatly reduced, and the scale prevention effect is achieved. After the treatment by the electrochemical equipment shown in fig. 1-2, the scale deposited on the surface of the cathode 123 has a loose structure and is easily carried away by high-speed water flow, or a special cleaning scraper is adopted to clean the scale, so as to ensure the cathode electrolysis effect.

In addition, for other aspects of removing metal pipeline scale by the existing pure electrochemical technology, see non-patent document 2, "influencing factors and pilot research of electrochemical descaling equipment", university of north and Hei engineering (unit code 10076) Master academic thesis, classification number TU99, pages 1-62, Lijiabin, 12 months 2020.

Therefore, the differences between the technology for removing the scale on the inner surface of the metal pipeline by using the existing pure electrochemical technology shown in fig. 1-2 and the technology for removing the scale on the inner surface of the metal pipeline by using the external electric field to form the nano bubble motion field provided by each embodiment of the invention shown in fig. 2, so that the negatively charged micro-nano hydrogen bubbles are gathered on the surface of the workpiece to be cleaned at a high speed under the action of the external electric field, and the micro-nano bubble clusters break to release pressure to peel off the scale include but are not limited to:

(1) the descaling technology is carried out by utilizing the principle of removing the water scale on the inner surface of the metal pipeline by the existing pure electrochemical technology, as shown in fig. 1-2, an electric field of pure electrochemical reaction is generated between a cathode plate 123 and an anode plate 124, and no electric field action exists between the workpiece 121 to be treated and the dirt 127 on the surface of the workpiece 121 and any one of the

pole plates

123 and 124. In contrast, in the technique of removing the dirt by breaking the nano-bubble clusters and releasing the physical pressure provided by the embodiments of the present invention, one of the anode and the cathode of the external power source acts on the workpiece 201 to be processed, and forms the working electric field 204 together with the brush head 205 acted on by the other of the anode and the cathode of the applied electric field 204.

(2) The descaling technology is carried out by utilizing the principle of removing the scale on the inner surface of the metal pipeline by the existing pure electrochemical technology, as shown in fig. 1-2, micro-nano bubbles generated by pure electrochemical reaction appear on the surfaces of the cathode plate 123 and the anode plate 124, but no micro-nano bubbles are generated between the workpiece 121 to be treated and the dirt 127 on the surface of the workpiece 121 to be treated. In contrast, in the technique of peeling off the dirt by breaking the micro-nano bubble clusters and releasing the physical pressure, as shown in fig. 2, micro-nano bubbles are also generated between the dirt 203 and the workpiece 201 to be processed.

(3) The existing pure electrochemical technology is used for removing scale on the inner surface of the metal pipeline, as shown in fig. 1-2, the electrical property of the formed electrode has selectivityAnd normative, that is to say Ca if the electrochemical descaling is carried out with the workpiece 121 to be treated as cathode²⁺And Mg²⁺The migration to the surface of the workpiece 121 to be processed under the action of the electric field disadvantageously increases the thickness of the dirt, and not only the dirt cannot be removed but also the dirt is unnecessarily generated. In contrast, in the micro-nano bubble conglomeration breaking and releasing physical pressure to peel off the dirt provided by the embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, not only the workpiece 201 to be processed can be operated as a cathode, but also the polarity of the workpiece 201 to be processed is not limited to the cathode, and the same is true if the workpiece 201 to be processed is used as an anode.

(4) The descaling technology is carried out by the principle of removing the scale on the inner surface of the metal pipeline by the existing pure electrochemical technology, and obviously, the whole descaling process is a pure electrochemical treatment process (namely a chemical process) and has no any physical process. In contrast, in the technology for peeling off the dirt by breaking the micro-nano bubble clusters and releasing the physical pressure, provided by the embodiments of the present invention, only the electrochemical method is used to generate the micro-nano bubbles in the early stage, and then the subsequent descaling process (i.e., the physical process) is completed by using the physical characteristics of the micro-nano bubbles.

(5) The principle of removing rust on the metal surface by the existing pure electrochemical descaling technology is the same as that of removing scale on the inner surface of a metal pipeline, and only metal cations are different (the cations of the scale are calcium and magnesium ions, and the rust is mainly iron ions, chromium ions and other metal ions), so that the details are not repeated.

Overall system architecture

In the following, various technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 3, the basic principle of electrochemical nano descaling and protection is as follows: (1) by applying voltage, an electric field is formed between the surface of the object and the dirt, the electrolyte rapidly generates a large amount of atomic oxygen and micro-nano bubbles under the action of the electric field, and the nano bubbles scour the surface of the substrate at a high speed so as to strip the dirt; (2) the principle of the electrochemical nanometer protection is that atomic oxygen generated by electrochemical nanometer and a protective agent in electrolyte and the surface of a 304 stainless steel substrate are passivated to form a compact passivation film, so that the purposes of rapid brightness, cleanness and substrate protection are achieved.

When removing the dirt in the tank, an electric field is applied, and the following reactions occur at the two electrodes (cathode and anode):

anode: 2OH^--2e→H₂O+O，2O→O²A plurality of O₂Separating out and forming nano oxygen bubbles.

Cathode: h⁺+e→H，2H→H²Plural number of H₂Separating out and forming nano oxygen bubbles.

The chemical principles of the creation of nanobubbles at the cathode and anode are clear. The basis of the nano bubbles for descaling is that the nano bubbles have high concentration and generate large force to descale by utilizing the physical principle in a short time, otherwise, the nano bubbles have long time and are greatly limited in application. If a single bubble is represented by a mass-spring-damping model, as shown in FIG. 4. Specifically, please refer to formula (4) given below:

wherein x,

Respectively representing displacement, velocity and acceleration; m, b and k are respectively the mass, damping and elastic coefficient of the air bubble; f is the force of the electric field applied. The nanobubble group can be approximately expressed by adopting a mass-spring-damping model in parallel and in series, as shown in fig. 5. Specifically, please refer to formula (5) given below:

wherein,

is the mass m of all bubbles_ij(i 1, … M, j 1, … N);

is all bubble damping b_ij(i 1, … M, j 1, … N);

is the stiffness k of all bubbles_ij(i 1, … M, j 1, … N);

is f_ij(i 1, … M, j 1, … N) equivalent electrical force.

Obtaining formula (6) to formula (7) by using Laplace transform

If the dirt is not contacted and washed away,

at the same time

When the constant force is applied during electrification, the constant force is regarded as a step signal

Expression (8) and expression (9) of displacement and velocity can be obtained:

since the nano-bubbles have very small damping approaching 0, the velocity

Large, observed under an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), the velocity shift is very high and difficult to detect. In addition, the electrolyte solution also complies with ohm's law, i.e., as shown in equation (10):

in the formula (10), I, U represents the voltage and current of the electrode; e_fS inter-electrode electric field strength and dead-front area; r, κ are the resistance and conductivity of the electrolyte solution. Equation (11) is derived based on the transpose of equation (10), as follows:

in formula (11), j is the current density of the solution and the electrode plate. In addition, the electric field force is proportional to the product of the electric field strength and the area, as shown in equation (12) given below:

since the current intensity is the amount of electricity Q passing per unit time and the current density is the current passing per unit area, equation (13) is obtained as follows:

wherein in the formula (12) and the formula (13), K_i、K_jIs a scaling factor. Experiments show that the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the micro-nano bubbles with the diameter of 1mm is about 0.003atm, and the micro-nano bubbles with the diameter of 10umThe pressure difference between the inside and the outside is about 0.3atm, the pressure and the diameter of the visible micro-nano bubbles are in inverse proportion, so that the peeling force T borne by the dirt is in direct proportion to the charge number Q, as shown in the following formula (14):

T-kQ-kj formula (14)

In the formula (14), k is a coefficient of proportionality between the current density and the peeling force.

Equation (15) is derived from ohm's law again, as follows:

from equations (14) (15), equation (16) is derived, as follows:

when T is greater than the dirt-binding force, the dirt can be quickly peeled off. It follows that the concentration of nanometers (quantity per unit time) required to address scale removal can be translated into control of process electrical parameters, including: voltage V, regulating resistance R₀Electrolyte resistance r, inter-plate distance h, electrode area s. The basic principle of nano descaling control is that the physical action of nano bubbles is more efficient than chemical reactions such as descaling through simple electrolytic reaction, and can be finished within seconds to tens of seconds.

Optimization of the process parameters requires knowledge of the coefficient k in equation (16)₀The values of the electrolyte conductivity κ, which are related to the fouling components and the electrolyte components, can be determined by a least squares fit through a parameter identification experiment. According to the related experiment of the earlier research, the voltage V and the regulating resistor R₀Electrolyte resistance r, inter-plate distance h, electrode area s. The early-stage experiment shows that the descaling time t and the process parameters have the following quantitative relationship, and the quantitative relationship is shown in a formula (17):

the electrolyte conductivity κ is related to the fouling component and the electrolyte component, and can be determined by experiment in table 1 and least squares fitting. K is given below₀The matrix format algorithm of the least squares method of kappa identification.

From equation (17), equation (18) can be derived, as follows:

wherein,

can indirectly calculate k₀,κ

When equation (18) is written in matrix form, equation (19) is obtained, as follows:

the matrix of equation (19) can be solved to obtain equation (20):

α＝(A^TA)^-1beta equation (20)

Wherein,

here, as shown in FIG. 6, there is shown an equivalent circuit of the descaling device provided by the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the descaling device can be equivalent to a device composed of a power supply V and a regulating resistor R₀And an electrolyte resistance r.

In addition, except that the electrochemical nanotechnology can be used for descaling on the surface of a metal substrate, based on the above description, a person skilled in the art can understand that the principle that the electrochemical nanotechnology can enable the metal substrate to generate a protective effect is that under the condition of electrification, a catalytic assistant effect is provided, the metal on the surface of the substrate loses electrons and is oxidized by atomic oxygen to form an oxide film, the passivation film is inert, the corrosion rate of the metal can be slowed down, and the purpose of protection is achieved, wherein the density of the atomic oxygen is the key for generating a dense oxide film.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, fig. 7 schematically shows a system block diagram of a descaling device 700 (shown by a dashed box in fig. 7) provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. The descaling device 700 mainly comprises three main parts (each shown by a dot-dash line block in fig. 7): (1) a portable power supply 710 in which one output terminal is connected to a metal object 7006 to be cleaned, for example, through a wire 7002 and a connection member 7003, constituting one electrode (i.e., a first electrode) on a part or all of the surface of the metal object 7006 to be cleaned on which a dirt 7008 is formed; (2) a cleaning head 720, the other pole of the portable power source 710 is connected to the cleaning head 720 to form another electrode (i.e. a second electrode), here, as shown in fig. 7, the cleaning head 720 is in a hexagonal shape, for example, but the cleaning head 720 can also be in the form of a metal roller, a metal sheet, or a metal brush, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto; (3) the electrolyte supplying apparatus 730, and the embodiment of the electrolyte supplying apparatus 730 may be, for example, an electrolyte container 7011 (containing electrolyte) connected to a pump 7010 and a shower head 7009 through a pipe to form an electrolyte spraying (sprinkling) system. Preferably, whatever the specific electrolyte supply means, it is necessary to enable the electrolyte to reach the bonding surface of the metal object to be cleaned and the dirt (for example, see the bonding surface between the elements indicated by

reference numerals

201 and 203 shown in fig. 2, or the bonding surface between the elements indicated by

reference numerals

7006 and 7008 shown in fig. 7) so as to enable micro-nano bubbles to be formed at the bonding surface.

Further, when the power supply 710 supplies power to the first electrode and the second electrode, an electric field is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, whereby nano-sized oxyhydrogen gas bubbles are generated from the electrolyte provided on at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode, and the dirt formed on the object 7006 to be cleaned is substantially removed by the cleaning head 720 using the generated nano-sized oxyhydrogen gas bubbles under the formed electric field.

For the specific meaning of "physical descaling", please refer to the description in the above paragraphs, and the detailed description is omitted here.

Further, "substantially" removing means that a substantial portion (e.g., more than about 95%) of the soil is removed from the surface of the object to be cleaned in a very short time (e.g., within about 5 seconds).

In addition, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the descaling device 700 may further include: a detection device for detecting an electrical parameter with respect to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrical parameter comprising at least one of: (i) a current flowing through at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; (ii) a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode; (iii) a current density of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; and a control device, wherein the detection device compares the detection value of the electrical parameter detected by the detection device with a preset target value stored by the control device, and changes the magnitude of the electrical parameter in real time based on the comparison result.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 7 and 10, the above-described detection device may be used for directly or indirectly detecting electrical parameters such as a potential difference, a current value, and a current density, as shown by

reference numerals

7004 and 7005. Further, referring to fig. 10, reference numeral 10001 in fig. 10 represents a display panel disposed on the control device, wherein the directly or indirectly detected electrical parameters 10015, including but not limited to electrode area, current density, voltage, current, etc., as described above, are displayed.

On the other hand, with continued reference to fig. 10,

reference numerals

10002 and 10003 shown in fig. 10 respectively denote an output terminal of a power source connected to the metal object 7006 to be cleaned (shown in fig. 7) through the wire 10002 and the connector 10003.

In particular, with continued reference to fig. 10,

reference numerals

10014 and 10016, respectively, illustrated in fig. 10 provide buttons or knobs for various operations by the user. The number, form and functions provided by these buttons or knobs are not limited to those shown in fig. 10, but various additions, modifications and substitutions according to actual needs may be made by those skilled in the art.

In particular, with continued reference to FIG. 10, the user may select either an automatic control mode or a manual control mode. In one aspect, in the automatic control mode, the detection device compares a detection value of the electrical parameter detected by the detection device with a preset target value stored by the control device, and automatically changes the magnitude of the electrical parameter in real time based on the comparison result.

On the other hand, in the manual control mode, the user can also change the various electrical parameters as described above by himself/herself through the knob 10014 as shown in fig. 10, so as to achieve faster and better physical removal of the dirt formed on the object 7006 to be cleaned by the cleaning head 720 as shown in fig. 7 under the effect of the formed electric field using the generated nano-sized oxyhydrogen bubbles.

In addition, with continuing reference to fig. 8, as shown in fig. 8, fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of the electrical parameter control principle of the descaling device provided according to the embodiment of the present invention as shown in fig. 7. Therein,

reference numerals

802 and 806 in fig. 8 denote a voltage detecting instrument and a current detecting instrument, respectively, so as to detect and supply a voltage value and a current value in real time. In addition, reference numeral 801 denotes a power source, 803 denotes an equivalent resistance formed by a connecting member, 804 denotes a variable resistor whose resistance value is changed by, for example, rotation of a knob 10014 shown in fig. 10, and 807 denotes a cleaning head.

With continued reference to fig. 9, fig. 9 schematically shows a partially enlarged schematic view between two electrode plates included in the descaling device according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 9, an electric field is formed between the rightmost surface of the cleaning head 9007 (i.e., one of the rightmost sides of the hexagonal cleaning head 9007) and the opposing surface of the opposing object 9006 to be cleaned, as indicated by reference numeral 9012. In addition, under the action of the electric field 9012, a large number of micro-nano bubbles 9013 are generated and distributed between the rightmost surface of the cleaning head 9007 and the opposite surface of the opposite object 9006 to be cleaned.

In fact, although not shown in fig. 9, it is worth noting that the micro-nano bubbles 9013 are also present inside the reference numeral 9008 of fig. 10 under the action of the electric field, which is achieved by "penetrating" the dirt through the physical action of the micro-nano bubbles 9013. To avoid confusion with other illustrated components, micro-nano bubbles distributed between the rightmost surface of the cleaning head 9007 and the opposing surface of the opposing object 9006 to be cleaned are not shown in fig. 10.

Therefore, an electric field is applied between the surface of the object to be cleaned and the cleaning head (e.g., a rolling head) through the power supply, under the action of the applied electric field, the electrolyte liquid generates a large amount of atomic oxygen and nano gas, and the nano gas washes away between dirt and the surface of the object to be cleaned, so that the dirt is quickly removed. Meanwhile, atomic oxygen quickly forms compact substances on the surface of the object to be cleaned, so that the surface of the object to be cleaned is protected from electrochemical corrosion. Through the treatment of the descaling device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the cleaning speed of the surface of an object is far higher than that of a pure chemical electrolysis method, and the decontamination process is often completed within 10 seconds, so that the descaling device is a high-efficiency, energy-saving and environment-friendly cleaning method.

Preferably, the power supply 710 can be a dc power supply, an ac power supply, or a pulse power supply, thereby reducing the power supply requirements.

Preferably, the power supply 710 can be a portable dc charging power supply, so that it is convenient for outdoor use, and of course, an ac input power supply can be selected.

Preferably, the power supply 710 is a dc voltage supply below 26 volts, but is not limited to a power supply below 26 volts. For safety reasons, the output voltage of the power supply 710 is controlled below 26 volts, which is less voltage demanding than conventional pure chemical electrolysis.

Preferably, the output current of the power supply is controlled to within 10 amps, but is not limited to within 10 amps. The output current of the power supply 710 is controlled to within 10 amps for safety reasons. The output current of the power supply 710 may also reach hundreds of amperes under other electrical safety precautions.

Preferably, the connecting piece 7003 is connected with the object 7006 to be cleaned, and the connecting piece can be directly attached to the edge of the object 7006 to be cleaned by using alligator pliers, or can be attached to the object 7006 to be cleaned by using an auxiliary electrode plate, or other forms as long as the connecting piece is reliably connected.

Preferably, the other pole of the power source 710 is connected by a metal roller 7007 and rolls on the surface of the sintered object (or other dirt), or may be connected by a metal sheet, a metal brush, or the like, as long as the other pole is in sufficient contact with the electrolyte and the surface of the sintered object (or other dirt).

Preferably, the electrolyte solution is a mixed solution of citric acid, white vinegar, an additive and distilled water, and a large amount of other electrolyte solutions capable of electrolyzing under the action of an electric field can also be used. Preferably, the electrolyte comprises 1-12% of citric acid, 3-8% of white vinegar, 0.5-5% of additives and the balance of water.

Preferably, the object 7006 to be cleaned and the cleaning head 7007 are both formed of a common metal.

As described above, when the first electrode (e.g., the clean metal object 7006) is an anode, the nano-sized oxyhydrogen gas bubbles are nano-sized oxygen gas bubbles. Additionally, when the first electrode (e.g., the clean metal object 7006) is a cathode, the nano-sized oxyhydrogen gas bubbles are nano-sized hydrogen gas bubbles.

Preferably, the electrolyte supplying device 730 supplies the electrolyte to the surface of the dirt, for example, by manually applying, spraying or soaking.

In addition, technologies such as short-circuit protection, over-current protection, over-voltage protection, short-circuit alarm function, voltage regulation, current regulation, pump flow regulation and the like can also be used in the portable nano-electrochemical descaling and protection device provided by the embodiment of the invention, which belong to general technologies and are not described herein again.

Overall descaling process flow

Referring now to fig. 7 and 11, shown therein are flow charts of descaling methods provided according to embodiments of the present invention. As shown in fig. 11, an embodiment of the present invention provides a descaling method, for example, including the following steps:

s1401, connecting one output terminal of a power source 710 to the object 7006 to be cleaned through a wire, thereby making the object 7006 to be cleaned constitute a first electrode;

s1402, connecting another output of the power supply 710 to a cleaning head 7007 through a wire, thereby making the cleaning head 7007 constitute a second electrode;

s1403, supplying an electrolyte to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode;

s1404, supplying power to the first electrode and the second electrode through the power supply 710, forming an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode, thereby causing the electrolyte provided on at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode to generate nano-sized oxyhydrogen gas bubbles; and

s1405, physically removing the dirt formed on the object 7006 to be cleaned by the cleaning head 7007 under the action of the formed electric field using the generated nano-sized oxyhydrogen bubbles.

Preferably, the descaling method further comprises, for example, the steps of:

detecting, by a detection device, an electrical parameter with respect to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrical parameter including at least one of: (i) a current flowing through at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; (ii) a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode; (iii) a current density of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; and

and comparing the detected value of the electrical parameter detected by the detection device with a preset target value stored by the control device through a control device, and changing the magnitude of the electrical parameter in real time based on the comparison result.

Through the steps, rusty materials (sinter, oil stains) and the like are quickly removed, a compact protective film is formed on the surface of a base body, the descaling method is portable, is not limited by places, is safe and environment-friendly, can be used for removing corrosion of bridges, outdoor current facilities, ships, natural gas (oil) pipelines and the like and protecting the base body, can also be used for removing and protecting dirt of blanks and semi-finished products in the machining process, and can also be used for removing oil stains of tableware and kitchenware by burning into colloidal grease and carbide.

Specific comparative examples implementing the principles of the present invention

Comparative example 1 sinter removal experiment

A commercial soup pot with 60cm by 60cm is cleaned, the base material of the pot is 304 stainless steel, the main dirt on the bottom of the pot is sinter and oily colloid, and the thickness is about 1-3 mm. By using the portable descaling device 700 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the electrolyte solution is a mixed solution of WT 5% edible citric acid, 1% white vinegar, 1% additive and the balance tap water, the power supply is controlled to be 6-12V, the current is 2-6 amperes, about 0.5-5 seconds after the power supply is switched on, sinter completely falls off, the stainless steel is cleaned completely, and the stainless steel is polished to be bright and enters the mirror. According to GB/T25148-Cleaning rate test method and GB25146 'Standard for quality acceptance of chemical cleaning of Industrial Equipment', the cleaning is qualified. XPS and TEM are used for analyzing that the thickness of the passivation film layer is about 5nm and the component is Fe₂O₃And Cr₂O₃. The evaluation is carried out for 24 hours according to GB/T10125-2012 salt fog experiment of artificial atmosphere corrosion experiment.

Experiment of parameter identification

The experimental power supply is a 24v direct-current power supply, the brush head area (namely the electrode area) is 20cm ^2, the electrode voltage (namely the voltage between the brush head and the workpiece (to-be-cleaned object)) is adjusted by adjusting the resistance, the current and the current density are measured, the dirt falling time is recorded, the conductance and the model proportionality coefficient k are solved according to the parameter identification algorithm₀And κ. Find k₀And κ is 0.1 and 0.75, respectively. See also table I below for specific parameters.

TABLE I

Through model calculation, a better process parameter range can be obtained as long as the current density is greater than 0.1A/cm 2, as shown in the following table II.

TABLE II- -Process parameters and results of the sinter removal experiment

Comparative example 2 degreasing test

When the portable device is used, electrolyte solution is mixed solution of WT 5% edible citric acid, 2% white vinegar, 2% additives and the balance of water, a power supply is 20-22V, current is 3-5 amperes, and after the power supply is switched on for about 5-8 seconds, the oil stain completely falls off and is bright as new. The cleaning is qualified by referring to SB/T11104-. Analysis by XPS and TEMThe thickness of the passivation film layer is about 10nm, and the component is Fe₃O₄And Cr₂O₃. The evaluation is carried out for 48h according to GB/T10125-2012 salt fog experiment of artificial atmosphere corrosion experiment.

Experiment of parameter identification

The experimental power supply is a 24v direct current power supply, the brush head area (namely the electrode area) is 20cm ^2, the electrode voltage (namely the voltage between the brush head and the workpiece) is adjusted by adjusting the resistance, the current and the current density are measured, the dirt falling time is recorded, and the conductance and the model proportionality coefficient k are solved according to the parameter identification algorithm₀And κ. Find k₀And κ is 0.2 and 0.03, respectively. See also table III below for specific parameters.

TABLE III

Through model calculation, a better process parameter range can be obtained as long as the current density is greater than 0.15A/cm 2, as shown in the following table IV.

TABLE IV-degreasing Process parameters and results

Comparative example 3 Rust removal experiment

Cleaning a steel blank, wherein the base material of the tool is Q235, the dirt is oil stain, floating rust and aged scale, and the thickness of the aged scale is about 1-4 mm. By using the portable descaling device 700 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the electrolyte solution is a mixed solution of WT 5% edible citric acid, 2% white vinegar, 3% additives and the balance of water, the power supply is 18-24V, the current is 5-10 amperes, and after the power supply is switched on, the dirt completely falls off in about 5-10 seconds, so that the base material is well protected. And the cleaning is qualified according to GB/T25148-. Analysis of passivation film layer by XPS and TEMThe thickness is about 10nm, and the component is Fe₃O₄. The evaluation is carried out for 12h according to GB/T10125-2012 salt fog experiment of artificial atmosphere corrosion experiment.

Experiment of parameter identification

The experimental power supply is a 24v direct current power supply, the brush head area (namely the electrode area) is 20cm ^2, the electrode voltage (namely the voltage between the brush head and the workpiece) is adjusted by adjusting the resistance, the current and the current density are measured, the dirt falling time is recorded, and the conductance and the model proportionality coefficient k are solved according to the parameter identification algorithm₀And κ. . Find k₀And κ is 0.38 and 0.01, respectively. See also table V below for specific parameters.

TABLE V

Through model calculation, as long as the current density is greater than 0.3A/cm 2, a better process parameter range can be obtained, as shown in the following table VI.

TABLE VI descaling Process parameters and results

As can be seen from the experimental results of the above comparative examples, the above portable descaling device 700 and the descaling method thereof according to the embodiments of the present invention are feasible and effective.

Advantageous technical effects of the various embodiments of the present invention

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects obtained by the various embodiments of the invention include but are not limited to:

firstly, the descaling method provided by the invention adopts the technical scheme that an electric field is applied to generate a large amount of micro-nano bubbles between the surface of a cleaning object and a rolling brush head, the surface of a matrix is washed in a high-speed physical mode, so that oxidized rusty objects and dirt are stripped, meanwhile, a protective agent of atomic oxygen and electrolyte generates polishing and passivation effects on the surface of a stainless steel or steel matrix, a compact passivation film is formed, and the surface of the object is quickly bright and clean.

Secondly, the invention subverts the traditional physical or chemical cleaning method, and comprises an electrochemical method (micro-nano bubbles are generated at the early stage) and a physical method (the scale removal process of the generated micro-nano bubbles is utilized subsequently). The atomic oxygen and the micro-nano bubbles generated by applying an electric field belong to electrochemical methods, but the efficiency and the speed of the atomic oxygen generated by the method are higher by several orders of magnitude than those generated by the existing method for generating the atomic oxygen by electrolysis in a single pure chemical mode. The basic surface is scoured at a high speed by a micro-nano bubble physical mode, dirt and rusty materials are blasted by cavitation, the physical category is the physical category, but the efficiency is several orders of magnitude higher. Meanwhile, the invention does not have the problem of local stress damage caused by hard particles contained in methods such as shot blasting, jet flow and the like.

Thirdly, the protective agent of atomic oxygen and electrolyte produced by the invention produces polishing and passivation effects on the surface of a stainless steel or steel matrix to form a compact passivation film, so that the surface of an object is fast bright and clean and is effectively protected, and the protection problem which cannot be solved by the existing physical and chemical methods is solved. Specifically, under the condition of electrifying, the catalyst has the function of a catalytic assistant, and because the metal on the surface of the substrate loses electrons and is oxidized by atomic oxygen, an M-O-M transparent film (M represents metal) is formed, and the passivation film is inert, so that the corrosion speed of the metal can be slowed down, and the purpose of protection is achieved.

Fourthly, the invention subverts the problem that the existing pure electrochemical method has selectivity to the power supply, and the invention can be realized by using alternating current and direct current of the power supply.

Fifth, the present invention solves the technical problem of cleaning and passivation protection of large metal parts (such as bridges, outdoor power facilities, ships, oil and natural pipelines, etc.). Because the traditional electrolytic method needs to soak the metal piece in the bath solution, the large-scale metal piece is limited by the bath solution, and the cleaning treatment by the electrolytic method cannot be adopted.

Sixth, the invention solves the technical problems that the surface polluted by heavy oil dirt such as tableware, kitchenware and the like can not be quickly and efficiently removed by the existing method and is burnt into colloidal grease, carbide, semi-dry oil dirt and the like.

Seventh, the voltage of the power supply required by the invention is less than 26 volts, and the required current is less than 10 amperes, so that the invention is very safe and convenient.

Eighth, the descaling time of the invention is usually less than 10 seconds, which is improved by more than tens of times compared with the traditional method.

Ninth, the electrolyte of the descaling method of the invention is edible citric acid, white vinegar, additives and the like. The electrolyte can be recycled, is environment-friendly and harmless to human bodies.

Tenth, the invention provides a set of metal cleaning and protecting descaling device and a descaling method which are efficient, environment-friendly and low in cost, are not limited by sites, and have great economic and social benefits.

It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. Further, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatus of the embodiments of the present application is not limited to performing the functions in the order illustrated or discussed, but may include performing the functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in a reverse order based on the functions involved, e.g., the methods described may be performed in an order different than that described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. In addition, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

While the present embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise embodiments described above, which are meant to be illustrative and not restrictive, and that various changes may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A descaling device, comprising:

a cleaning head;

a power supply, one output terminal of which is connected to an object to be cleaned, on a part or all of the surface of which dirt is formed, thereby causing the object to be cleaned to constitute a first electrode, and the other output terminal of which is connected to the cleaning head, thereby causing the cleaning head to constitute a second electrode; and

an electrolyte supply device for supplying an electrolyte to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode,

wherein, when the power supply supplies power to the first electrode and the second electrode, an electric field is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, thereby causing the electrolyte provided on at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode to generate nano-scale bubbles, and the dirt formed on the object to be cleaned is substantially removed by the cleaning head in a physical manner using the generated nano-scale bubbles under the formed electric field.

2. The descaling device according to claim 1, wherein the nano-scale bubbles are nano-scale oxyhydrogen bubbles.

3. The descaling device according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:

a detection device for detecting an electrical parameter with respect to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrical parameter comprising at least one of: (i) a current flowing through at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; (ii) a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode; (iii) a current density of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; and

and the detection device compares the detection value of the electrical parameter detected by the detection device with a preset target value stored by the control device, and changes the magnitude of the electrical parameter in real time based on the comparison result.

4. A descaling device according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the power source is a direct current power source, an alternating current power source or a pulse power source.

5. The descaling device according to claim 4, wherein the power supply is a portable DC charging power supply, the portable DC charging power supply provides a DC output voltage of 26 volts or less, and the portable DC charging power supply provides a DC output current of 10 amps or less.

6. A descaling device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the electrolyte comprises one or more of citric acid, white vinegar, additives and water.

7. A descaling device according to claim 6, wherein the electrolyte comprises 1-12% of citric acid, 3-8% of white vinegar, 0.5-5% of additives, and the balance of water.

8. A descaling device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the cleaning object and the cleaning head are both composed of metal.

9. A descaling device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the cleaning head takes the form of a metal roller, or a metal sheet, or a metal brush.

10. The descaling device according to any one of claims 1 to 9,

when the first electrode is an anode, the nano-scale bubbles are nano-scale oxygen bubbles; or

When the first electrode is a cathode, the nano-scale bubbles are nano-scale hydrogen bubbles.

11. A descaling device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the electrolyte supply apparatus comprises:

an electrolyte container for containing the electrolyte;

a pump body connected to the electrolyte container through a conduit and configured to pump the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte container; and

a spray head connected to the electrolyte reservoir and the pump body by a conduit and configured to supply electrolyte to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode.

12. A descaling device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein one output of the power supply is connected to the object to be cleaned through a wire and a connector.

13. A descaling device according to claim 12, wherein the connecting member is an alligator clamp, and is held at the edge of the object to be cleaned by the alligator clamp.

14. A descaling device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the electrolyte supplying means supplies the electrolyte to the surface of the scale by manually smearing, spraying or soaking.

15. A descaling method, comprising the steps of:

connecting an output terminal of a power source to an object to be cleaned, the object to be cleaned having dirt formed on a part or all of a surface thereof, thereby making the object to be cleaned constitute a first electrode;

connecting the other output of the power supply to a cleaning head, whereby the cleaning head constitutes a second electrode;

providing an electrolyte to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode;

supplying power to the first electrode and the second electrode through the power supply, forming an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode, thereby causing the electrolyte provided on at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode to generate nano-scale bubbles; and

and physically removing dirt formed on the object to be cleaned by the cleaning head under the action of the formed electric field by using the generated nano-scale bubbles.

16. The descaling method according to claim 15, further comprising the steps of: