CN116103741A - Descaling device - Google Patents
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- CN116103741A CN116103741A CN202310247419.6A CN202310247419A CN116103741A CN 116103741 A CN116103741 A CN 116103741A CN 202310247419 A CN202310247419 A CN 202310247419A CN 116103741 A CN116103741 A CN 116103741A
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F1/00—Electrolytic cleaning, degreasing, pickling or descaling
- C25F1/02—Pickling; Descaling
- C25F1/04—Pickling; Descaling in solution
- C25F1/06—Iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic removal of material from objects; Servicing or operating
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a descaling device. The descaling device comprises: a cleaning head; a power source having one output end connected to the object to be cleaned and constituting a first electrode and the other output end connected to the cleaning head and constituting a second electrode; an electrolyte supply device for supplying an electrolyte to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; a detection device; and a control device. When the power supply supplies power to the first and second electrodes, an electric field is formed between the first and second electrodes, thereby causing the electrolyte provided on at least one of the first and second electrodes to generate nano-sized bubbles, and the scale formed on the object to be cleaned is physically removed by the cleaning head under the action of the electric field using the generated nano-sized bubbles, while achieving real-time control of the scale removal time of the scale removal device.
Description
The present application is a divisional application of patent application with application number 202110556810.5 and the name of "descaling device and descaling method" filed on day 21 and 5 in 2021.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a descaling and passivation protection technology for surfaces of metal objects such as steel, stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, copper and alloy products thereof, in particular to cleaning and passivation protection for large-scale metal parts (such as bridges, outdoor electric facilities, ships, petroleum and natural conveying pipelines, and the like) and cleaning and passivation protection for heavy oil dirt surfaces of metal tableware, kitchen tools, and the like.
Background
In the service process of metal products such as steel, stainless steel, titanium alloy and the like, oxidation reaction and galvanic reaction can occur due to acid-base and oxidation environment in the use environment, corrosion can occur, corrosion is formed on the surface, and the corrosion has a great damage effect on a matrix. In addition, tableware, kitchen ware (mainly kitchen ranges, cookware) and other articles are used in heavy oil pollution environments, oil stains are burnt Cheng Jiaozhi greasy objects and carbides and are attached to the surfaces of the kitchen ranges and the cookware, so that a substrate is further eroded, and the attractiveness and the sanitation are affected.
The current methods for treating the dirt on the surfaces of the metal objects are mainly divided into physical methods and chemical methods. In this specification, rust, sinter, oil stain, and the like are collectively referred to as dirt, and are not distinguished without any particular description.
On the one hand, the physical method mainly adopts methods such as iron sand, shot blasting, high-pressure air jet and water jet (hard particles are contained in the jet), ultrasonic waves and the like to remove dirt by grinding, beating and ultrasonic vibration (cavitation). In particular, such physical methods subject the surface of an object to uneven stress, leaving a rugged microstructure on the surface.
On the other hand, the chemical method mainly adopts liquid with corrosion function such as acid and alkali to chemically react with surface dirt, and the method can have corrosion effect on an object matrix, and meanwhile, the acid and alkali can pollute the natural environment. In addition, the electrochemical method adopts a high-frequency pulse direct current power supply to apply an electric field, the object is soaked in the bath liquid, and the purpose of removing dirt on the surface of the object is achieved through electrolysis or chemical reaction. At present, the electrolytic method is difficult to remove the dirt such as sinter. The method requires high frequency (0-30 kHz), high current (up to 400A), high dc voltage (up to 100V), large amount of solution (i.e., the object to be cleaned needs to be immersed in the bath solution), long rust removal time (up to several tens minutes), and is specifically disclosed in patent document 1 and patent document 2.
Since the above-mentioned various physical or chemical methods have various disadvantages or drawbacks in terms of performance, efficiency, environmental friendliness, and convenience in implementation, etc., for the soil cleaning method of metal articles, it is difficult to effectively remove various soil formed on the articles.
Citation document
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a descaling device and a descaling method, which are used for solving the descaling problem of the surface of a metal object. In order to solve the technical problems, the embodiment of the invention is realized as follows:
in a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a descaling device comprising: a cleaning head; a power source having one output terminal connected to an object to be cleaned, a part or all of a surface of the object to be cleaned being formed with dirt, thereby causing the object to be cleaned to constitute a first electrode, and the other output terminal connected to the cleaning head, thereby causing the cleaning head to constitute a second electrode; an electrolyte supply device for supplying an electrolyte to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode. When the power supply supplies power to the first electrode and the second electrode, an electric field is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, thereby causing an electrolyte provided on at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode to generate nano-sized bubbles, and dirt formed on the object to be cleaned is physically removed by the cleaning head under the formed electric field using the generated nano-sized bubbles.
The technical proposal (descaling device) provided by the invention is that a large number of micro-nano bubbles are generated between the surface of the cleaning object and the rolling brush head by applying an electric field, and the surface of the substrate is washed by a physical way at a high speed, so that oxide rust and dirt are stripped, and meanwhile, the surface of the stainless steel or steel substrate is polished and passivated by the protective agent of atomic oxygen and electrolyte, so that a compact passivation film is formed, and the surface of the object is fast bright and clean. The invention overturns the traditional physical or chemical cleaning method, and comprises an electrochemical method (micro-nano bubbles are generated in the early stage) and a physical method (the scale removal process of the micro-nano bubbles generated in the follow-up process). The application of an electric field to generate atomic oxygen and micro-nano bubbles belongs to an electrochemical method, but the atomic oxygen efficiency and the atomic oxygen speed generated by the existing method for generating atomic oxygen by electrolysis in a simple electrochemical mode are several orders of magnitude higher. The micro-nano bubble physical mode is used for scouring the basic surface at a high speed, cavitation bursts dirt and rust substances, and the efficiency is several orders of magnitude higher. Meanwhile, the technical scheme of the invention does not have the problem of local stress damage caused by hard particles contained in methods such as shot blasting, jet flow and the like.
According to some alternative embodiments of the invention, the nanoscale bubbles are nanoscale oxyhydrogen bubbles.
According to the technical scheme provided above, in general, the nanoscale bubbles preferably adopt the form of nanoscale oxyhydrogen bubbles to complete the scale removal treatment in a physical manner. Of course, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the nanoscale bubbles may also include other ionic components such as ammonia, chlorine, etc., based on the type of electrolyte in the applied electrolyte, and that the various embodiments of the present invention are described by way of example only with nanoscale oxyhydrogen bubbles and are not limited to specific components of nanoscale bubbles.
According to some optional embodiments of the invention, the descaling device may further comprise: a detection device for detecting an electrical parameter relating to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrical parameter comprising at least one of: (i) A current flowing through at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; (ii) A potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode; (iii) A current density of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; and a control device, the detection device compares the detection value of the electric parameter detected by the detection device with a preset target value stored by the control device, and changes the magnitude of the electric parameter in real time based on the comparison result.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the related electric parameters can be better controlled through the detection equipment and the control equipment, so that the high-speed and effective descaling effect can be better realized under the action of an electric field compared with a descaling device which does not contain the functions of the detection equipment and the control equipment.
According to some alternative embodiments of the invention, the power source is a direct current power source, an alternating current power source, or a pulsed power source.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the invention overturns the problem that the existing simple electrochemical method has selectivity to the power supply, and the invention can be realized by using the AC/DC of the power supply.
According to some alternative embodiments of the invention, the power source is a portable dc charging power source, the portable dc charging power source provides a dc output voltage of 26 volts or less, and the portable dc charging power source provides a dc output current of 10 amps or less.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the voltage of the power supply required by the invention is less than 26 volts, and the required current is less than 10 amperes, so that the technical scheme is very safe and convenient to implement.
According to some alternative embodiments of the invention, the electrolyte comprises one or more of citric acid, white vinegar, additives and water. Specifically, the electrolyte comprises 1-12% of citric acid, 3-8% of white vinegar, 0.5-5% of additive and the balance of water.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the electrolyte of the descaling method is edible citric acid, white vinegar, additives and the like. The electrolyte can be recycled and is environment-friendly and harmless to human bodies.
According to some alternative embodiments of the invention, the object to be cleaned and the cleaning head are both composed of metal.
According to some alternative embodiments of the invention, the cleaning head takes the form of a metal roller, a metal sheet, or a metal brush.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the design of the cleaning head has larger selection space, and the shape, the size and the adapting relation with the surface of the object to be cleaned of the cleaning head can be correspondingly provided according to actual needs.
According to some alternative embodiments of the invention, when the first electrode is an anode, the nanoscale bubbles are nanoscale oxygen bubbles. Alternatively, when the first electrode is a cathode, the nanoscale bubbles are nanoscale hydrogen bubbles.
According to some optional embodiments of the invention, the electrolyte providing apparatus comprises: an electrolyte container for containing the electrolyte; the pump body is connected with the electrolyte container through a conduit and is used for pumping the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte container; and a spray head connected to the electrolyte container and the pump body through a conduit, and for supplying an electrolyte to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode.
According to some alternative embodiments of the invention, one output of the power supply is connected to the object to be cleaned by means of a wire and a connection. Preferably, the connecting piece is crocodile pliers and is clamped on the edge of the object to be cleaned by the crocodile pliers.
According to some alternative embodiments of the invention, the electrolyte supply apparatus applies the electrolyte to the surface of the dirt by manual application, spraying or dipping.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention further provide a descaling method, for example, including the steps of: connecting an output terminal of a power source to an object to be cleaned, a part or all of a surface of the object to be cleaned having dirt formed thereon, thereby causing the object to be cleaned to constitute a first electrode; connecting the other output of the power supply to a cleaning head, thereby causing the cleaning head to form a second electrode; providing an electrolyte to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; supplying power to the first electrode and the second electrode by the power supply, forming an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode, thereby causing the electrolyte provided on at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode to generate nano-scale bubbles; and physically removing dirt formed on the object to be cleaned by the cleaning head under the action of the formed electric field by utilizing the generated nano-scale bubbles.
According to some optional embodiments of the invention, the descaling method further comprises the steps of: detecting, by a detection device, an electrical parameter relating to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrical parameter comprising at least one of: (i) A current flowing through at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; (ii) A potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode; (iii) A current density of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; and comparing the detection value of the electric parameter detected by the detection device with a preset target value stored by the control device through the control device, and changing the magnitude of the electric parameter in real time based on the comparison result.
The technical scheme (descaling method) provided by the invention is that a large number of micro-nano bubbles are generated between the surface of a cleaning object and a rolling brush head by applying an electric field, and the surface of a substrate is washed at a high speed in a physical mode, so that oxide rust and dirt are stripped, and meanwhile, the surface of a stainless steel or steel substrate is polished and passivated by an atomic oxygen and electrolyte protective agent to form a compact passivation film, so that the surface of the object is fast bright and clean. The invention overturns the traditional physical or chemical cleaning method, and comprises an electrochemical method (micro-nano bubbles are generated in the early stage) and a physical method (the scale removal process of the micro-nano bubbles generated in the follow-up process). The application of an electric field to generate atomic oxygen and micro-nano bubbles belongs to an electrochemical method, but the atomic oxygen efficiency and the atomic oxygen speed generated by the existing method for generating atomic oxygen by electrolysis in a pure chemical mode are several orders of magnitude higher. The micro-nano bubble physical mode is used for scouring the basic surface at a high speed, cavitation bursts dirt and rust substances, and the efficiency is several orders of magnitude higher. Meanwhile, the technical scheme of the invention does not have the problem of local stress damage caused by hard particles contained in methods such as shot blasting, jet flow and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the related art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the related technical descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings can be easily obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Fig. 1-1 schematically shows the prior art principle of cleaning grease on a metal surface by adsorption principle using micro-nano bubbles.
Fig. 1-2 schematically illustrate the principle of existing pure chemical nanotechnology for removing grease from a metal surface.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of removing dirt on a surface of a workpiece using an applied electric field formed as a nano bubble motion field according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 schematically illustrates the descaling principle and the protection principle simultaneously achieved by the descaling treatment using micro-nano bubbles according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 schematically shows a mechanical model of a single micro-nano bubble.
Fig. 5 schematically shows a mechanically simplified model of a nanobubble population.
Fig. 6 schematically shows an equivalent circuit of a descaling device provided according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 schematically shows a system block diagram of a descaling device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 schematically illustrates the basic principle of operation of the detection device and the control device comprised in the descaling device according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 schematically shows an enlarged partial schematic view between two electrode pads included in the descaling device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a control panel and a display panel provided on a control device included in a descaling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a flowchart of a descaling method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged, as appropriate, such that embodiments of the present application may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein, and that the objects identified by "first," "second," etc. are generally of a type and not limited to the number of objects, e.g., the first object may be one or more. Furthermore, in the description and claims, "and/or" means at least one of the connected objects, and the character "/", generally means that the associated object is an "or" relationship.
Important terminology
First, for convenience of description, definitions of some important terms involved in the present application are given.
Micro-nano bubbles
Micro-nano bubbles (micro-nano bubbles) refer to micro bubbles with a diameter of less than 100um, and are divided into micro bubbles (micro bubbles) with a diameter of 1-100 um and nano bubbles (nano bubbles) with a diameter of less than 1 um.
The micro-nano bubbles have the characteristics of low floating speed, large specific surface area, negatively charged surface, capability of generating free radicals and the like, and are widely applied to the fields of agriculture, fishery, industry, environment and the like.
Dirt and soil
In the present specification, rust, sinter, oil stain, and the like are collectively referred to as dirt, and are not distinguished without any particular description.
Current intensity and current density
The current intensity is the amount of electricity Q passing per unit time, and the current density is the current passing per unit area.
Passivation film
The electrochemical nanotechnology provided by the invention can also enable the metal matrix to be treated to generate a passivation film. The passivation film has the protection function principle that under the condition of electrifying, the metal on the surface of the base material loses electrons and is oxidized by atomic oxygen to form an oxide film, and the passivation film is inert, so that the corrosion speed of the metal can be slowed down, the purpose of protection is achieved, and the density of the atomic oxygen is the key for generating a compact oxide film.
For the study of the structure of the electrochemical nano passivation film, the surface oxide film of 304 stainless steel is generally considered to be a composite structure, and at least consists of an inner layer and an outer layer. The outermost layer is Fe 2 O 3 The inner layer is mainly Cr 2 O 3 . Wherein Cr is 2 O 3 Is compact and has protection effect on the matrix. The structure and thickness of the passivation film are critical to the protective properties of the metal object to be treated.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS) is used to analyze surface film structures.
Transmission electron microscope
A transmission electron microscope (Transmission Electron Microscope, TEM) was used to observe the microstructure, test thickness, etc., and the corrosion resistance of the passivation film was measured by salt spray experiments.
Nanobubbles and micro-nanobubbles
In the following description, nanobubbles and micro-nanobubbles may be used interchangeably without distinction unless specifically emphasized.
Traditional physical mode scale removal
The traditional physical descaling method utilizes the law of conservation of kinetic energy and momentum to generate impact force by the change of medium movement speed or the change of reciprocating (rotating) movement state of a mechanism, so as to break and strip dirt, thereby achieving the general name of a method for cleaning. The traditional physical mode descaling is characterized in that the substance composition of the dirt and the matrix is not changed in the descaling process. Common conventional physical descaling techniques mainly include: mechanical descaling method, ultrasonic descaling wave method, high-pressure water jet method, sand blasting method, etc.
Mechanical descaling method: the surface of dirt is scraped, polished and descaled by using cutting tools, iron sand and the like. Cutting tools, iron sand, etc. may damage the object to be cleaned during operation due to their own characteristics, and the minimum size of the parts may limit their use.
Ultrasonic descaling method: when ultrasonic wave is used for transmitting in the solution, the distance between liquid molecules is changed, and the cohesion of the molecules is greatly reduced, so that the viscosity of the solution is obviously reduced, and the surface tension is obviously reduced. Meanwhile, ultrasonic waves continuously oscillate, so that scale particles are dispersed, and the aim of removing scale is fulfilled.
High pressure water jet method: the clean water is subjected to high pressure by using the high-pressure pump, and the surface of the oil pipe is cleaned by using the high pressure, so that the aim of cleaning and descaling is fulfilled. The method is environment-friendly and has low labor intensity. In order to improve the descaling efficiency, tiny hard particles are generally added into the water flow.
Sand blasting: the surface of the object to be cleaned is impacted with a jet stream containing abrasive particles to remove rust and other impurities from the old metal surface.
The invention provides a physical mode descaling
The nano-scale bubbles generated on the bonding surface of the dirt and the metal surface in an electrochemical mode are utilized to wash the bonding surface of the dirt and the metal surface at a high speed under the action of electric field force, and the dirt is continuously impacted and permeated, so that the dirt is separated from the metal surface and falls off, and the purpose of descaling is achieved.
Explanation of important principles
In order to better understand the embodiments of the present invention, explanation of the principle is provided below, and in particular, the difference between the technology of removing scale by adsorption principle by using micro-nano bubbles generated by a micro-nano bubble generator and the technology of removing scale by using an external electric field to form a nano bubble motion field provided by the embodiments of the present invention, which causes nano hydrogen bubbles with negatively charged surfaces to gather to the surfaces of the workpieces to be cleaned at a high speed under the action of the external electric field, and the technology of removing scale by breaking and releasing pressure by agglomeration of nano bubbles is described below. Comparison of the existing bubble adsorption descaling technology and the micro-nano bubble physical mode high-speed impact scale physical descaling technology provided by the embodiment of the invention
Fig. 1-1 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a conventional principle of cleaning grease on a metal surface by using micro-nano bubbles generated by a micro-nano bubble generator through an adsorption principle. As shown in fig. 1-1, in state I, micro-nano bubbles 102 generated by a micro-nano bubble generator (not shown) are first adsorbed to the surface of grease and oil stain 103 adhering to the surface of a workpiece 101. Then, in state II, the grease and the oil stain 103 are peeled off from the metal surface of the work 101 due to the tendency of the micro-nano bubbles 102 to float up. Finally, in state III, the micro-nano bubbles 102 containing oil float to the water surface, and after being broken, the grease is concentrated on the water surface to wait for subsequent removal or collection.
In addition, for other aspects of the conventional principle of cleaning grease on a metal surface by using the adsorption principle of micro-nano bubbles generated by a micro-nano bubble generator, see non-patent document 1, "research on application of micro/nano bubble technology in degreasing treatment of a metal surface", cleaning world, volume 27, 10 th, pages 29 to 33, zhang Xuefa, 2011, 10 th month.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of removing dirt from a surface of a workpiece using an applied electric field formed as a nano-bubble motion field according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the workpiece 201 to be treated is connected to a positive electrode of a power supply, the brush head 205 is connected to a negative electrode of the power supply, oxygen nanobubbles 202 and 206 are generated on the surface of the workpiece 201 to be treated (on the joint surface between the dirt 203 and the surface of the workpiece), hydrogen bubbles are generated on the surface of the brush head 205, and a large amount of hydrogen peroxide (H) is generated in an acidic electrolyte 2 O 2 ) 207. The hydrogen peroxide is polar molecules, the hydrogen peroxide is orderly arranged under the action of an external electric field 204 to form a nano bubble motion field, the negative charges on the surfaces of the nano hydrogen bubbles are gathered to the surface of the workpiece 201 to be treated at a high speed under the action of the external electric field 204, and the nano bubble clusters are broken to release pressure and peel off dirt 203.
On the contrary, if the workpiece 201 to be processed is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply,the brush head 205 is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, then the surface of the workpiece 201 to be treated (the joint surface between the dirt 203 and the surface of the workpiece) generates hydrogen nano bubbles 202 and 206, the surface of the brush head generates oxygen bottle bubbles, and a large amount of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) 207, hydrogen peroxide is a polar molecule, and is orderly arranged under the action of an electric field to form a nano bubble playground, the surface of the nano hydrogen bubble is negatively charged to impact the dirt surface under the action of the electric field, and the dirt 203 is peeled off.
In addition, in the case of alternating current (not shown), nanoscale hydrogen bubbles and oxygen bubbles are formed on the surface of the dirt 203, and the dirt and the workpiece surface have impact force and release force of nano-clusters, and act on the inner wall of the dirt to peel the dirt.
From this, the difference between the prior art of descaling by adsorption principle using micro-nano bubbles generated by the micro-nano bubble generator shown in fig. 1-1 and the art of peeling off the scale by using the applied electric field to form the nano bubble motion field provided by the embodiments of the present invention shown in fig. 2 includes, but is not limited to:
(1) In the prior art of removing scale by using micro-nano bubbles generated by a micro-nano bubble generator through an adsorption principle, nano bubbles must be generated by an independent nano generator, and the scale and electrolyte interface (i.e. the outer surface of the scale) form adsorption according to the adsorption principle, as shown in fig. 1-1. In contrast, in the technology of breaking the nanobubble clusters to release the physical pressure to peel off the dirt provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the nanobubbles act on the bonding interface between the dirt and the substrate (i.e., the inner surface of the dirt), that is, by physically impacting the inner surface of the dirt at a high speed, and relatively enter the interior of the dirt to perform physical descaling, as shown in fig. 2.
(2) According to the prior art of descaling by using the adsorption principle of micro-nano bubbles generated by the micro-nano bubble generator, as shown in fig. 1-1, after the nano bubbles are combined with oil stains, the nano bubbles become neutral and are not influenced by an external electric field, that is, the prior art of descaling by using the adsorption principle of micro-nano bubbles generated by the micro-nano bubble generator does not have the necessity and feasibility of setting the external electric field.
(3) The solution cleaned according to the prior technology of descaling by utilizing micro-nano bubbles generated by a micro-nano bubble generator through an adsorption principle is generally a neutral environment. In contrast, in the technology of peeling off dirt by breaking up nanobubble clusters and releasing physical pressure provided in the various embodiments of the present invention, the cleaning solution is an acidic environment (due to the presence of acidic substances such as citric acid, acetic acid, etc. in the electrolyte) so as to generate a large amount of atomic oxygen and hydrogen peroxide (in particular, hydrogen peroxide is advantageous to enhance an external electric field to promote high-speed movement of nanobubbles, while atomic oxygen is advantageous to passivation reaction), and the concentration and movement speed of nanobubbles far exceed those of the above-mentioned nanogenerators used by the adsorption principle.
Comparison of the existing pure chemical descaling technology with the physical descaling technology for scouring dirt at high speed by the micro-nano bubble physical mode provided by the embodiment of the invention
Fig. 1-2 schematically illustrate the principle of the prior art pure chemical technology for removing scale from the inner surface of a metal pipe. As shown in fig. 1-2, two electrodes 123, 124 are provided respectively at opposite inner portions of a work piece (typically a metal pipe) 121 to be treated, a certain amount of an aqueous solution 122 (shown as wavy line 122 in fig. 1-2) is filled in the inner portion of the work piece 121 to be treated, and both electrodes 123, 124 are inserted in the aqueous solution 122. The two electrodes 123 and 124 are also connected to an external dc power supply 125, respectively, so that the cathode 123 and the anode 124 are formed on the premise that the dc power supply 126 is energized.
Under the condition that the direct current power supply 126 is electrified to form the cathode 123 and the anode 124, the aqueous solution 122 undergoes electrolytic reaction under the action of current, and a high-pH environment is generated at the cathode 123, and a specific chemical reaction formula is shown in the following formula (1):
O 2 +2H 2 O+4e - →4OH -
2H 2 O+2e - →2OH - +H 2 ∈formula (1)
Accordingly, cathode 123 produces a precipitation reaction, the specific chemical reaction formula is shown in formula (2) given below:
HCO 3 - +OH - →CO 3 2- +H 2 O
Ca 2+ +CO 3 2- →CaCO 3 ↓
Mg 2+ +2OH - →Mg(OH) 2 formula ∈2
Further, the surface of the anode 124 may generate highly oxidizing substances, such as hydroxyl radicals, chlorine gas, etc., which react with organic contaminants (i.e., the dirt 127 formed on the surface of the workpiece 121 to be treated), and the specific chemical reaction formula is shown in the following formula (3):
H 2 O-e - →·OH+H +
2Cl - -2e - →Cl 2
Cl 2 +H 2 O→HClO+Cl - +H +
HClO→ClO - +H +
2H 2 O-2e - →H 2 O 2 +2H +
4OH - -4e - →O 2 ↑+2H 2 O formula (3)
According to the chemical reaction, the alkaline environment can promote a large amount of HCO in the water body 3 - With OH - Reaction to form and CO 3 2- ，Ca 2+ And Mg (magnesium) 2+ Migrate under the influence of an electric field to the vicinity of the cathode plate (as indicated by reference numeral 128 in FIGS. 1-2) as CaCO 3 Calcium hardness and Mg (OH) in the form 2 The magnesium hardness is precipitated on the surfaces of the electrodes 123 and 124, so that the concentration of scale forming ions in water is greatly reduced, and the scale preventing effect is achieved. After the electrochemical device shown in fig. 1-2 is used for treatment, the scale structure precipitated on the surface of the cathode 123 is loose and is easily taken away by high-speed water flow, or is cleaned by a special cleaning scraper so as to ensure the cathode electrolysis effect.
In addition, regarding other aspects of removing scale from metal pipes by the existing pure chemical technology, non-patent document 2, "influence factor of electrochemical descaling equipment and pilot study", university of Hebei engineering (Unit code 10076) is a "Shuoshi" paper, classification No. TU99, pages 1-62, li Jiabin, month 12 in 2020.
From this, the difference between the technology of removing scale on the inner surface of the metal pipeline by using the existing pure chemical technology shown in fig. 1-2 and the technology of removing scale by using the applied electric field to form a nano bubble motion field according to the embodiments of the present invention shown in fig. 2, which causes micro nano hydrogen bubbles with negatively charged surface to gather at high speed to the surface of the workpiece to be cleaned under the action of the applied electric field, and the technology of removing scale by breaking and releasing pressure by micro nano bubble clusters includes but is not limited to:
(1) The descaling technology is carried out by utilizing the principle of removing scale on the inner surface of a metal pipeline by the existing pure chemical technology, as shown in fig. 1-2, an electric field of pure chemical reaction appears between the cathode plate 123 and the anode plate 124, and no electric field acts between the workpiece 121 to be treated and the scale 127 on the surface of the workpiece and any of the cathode plates 123 and 124. In contrast, in the technology of peeling dirt by breaking nanobubble clusters and releasing physical pressure provided in the various embodiments of the present invention, one of the anode and the cathode of the external power source acts on the workpiece 201 to be processed, and forms the working electric field 204 together with the brush head 205 acted on by the other of the anode and the cathode of the external electric field 204.
(2) The descaling technology is performed by utilizing the principle of removing scale on the inner surface of the metal pipeline by the existing pure chemical technology, as shown in fig. 1-2, micro-nano bubbles generated by the pure chemical reaction appear on the surfaces of the cathode and anode plates 123 and 124, but no micro-nano bubbles are generated between the workpiece 121 to be treated and the scale 127 on the surface of the workpiece 121 to be treated. In contrast, in the technology of peeling off the dirt by breaking the micro-nano bubble clusters and releasing the physical pressure provided by the embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, micro-nano bubbles are also generated between the dirt 203 and the workpiece 201 to be processed.
(3) Removing scale on inner surface of metal pipeline by using existing pure chemical technologyThe principle of (2) is that the electrical properties of the formed electrode are selective and normative, i.e. if the electrochemical descaling is performed with the workpiece 121 to be treated as cathode, ca 2+ And Mg (magnesium) 2+ Migration to the surface of the workpiece 121 to be treated by the electric field disadvantageously increases the thickness of the scale, and not only does it not remove the scale but it is also unnecessary to generate the scale. In contrast, in the technology of peeling dirt by breaking micro-nano bubble agglomerates and releasing physical pressure provided in the various embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, not only the workpiece 201 to be processed may operate as a cathode, but also the polarity of the workpiece 201 to be processed is not limited to the cathode, and the same applies if the workpiece 201 to be processed is used as an anode.
(4) Regarding the prior principle of removing scale on the inner surface of a metal pipeline by the pure chemical technology, the descaling technology obviously adopts a pure electrochemical treatment process (namely a chemical process) without any physical process in the whole descaling process. In contrast, in the technology of peeling dirt by breaking the micro-nano bubbles and releasing the physical pressure by agglomeration of micro-nano bubbles provided by the embodiments of the present invention, only the electrochemical mode is used in the early stage to generate micro-nano bubbles, and then the technology is converted into the following descaling process (i.e. physical process) by utilizing the physical characteristics of the micro-nano bubbles.
(5) The principle of removing rust on the metal surface is the same as that of removing scale on the inner surface of a metal pipeline by the existing pure chemical descaling technology, but metal cations are different (the cations of the scale are calcium and magnesium ions, and the rust is mainly iron ions, chromium ions and other metal ions) and are not repeated.
Overall system architecture
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made in detail and with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 3, the basic principle of electrochemical nano descaling and protection is that (1) an electric field is formed between the surface of an object and dirt by applying voltage, a large amount of atomic oxygen and micro-nano bubbles are rapidly generated by electrolyte under the action of the electric field, and the nano bubbles wash the surface of a matrix at a high speed so as to peel off the dirt; (2) The principle of electrochemical nano protection is that atomic oxygen generated by electrochemical nano and a protective agent in electrolyte are passivated with the surface of a 304 stainless steel substrate to form a compact passivation film, so that the purposes of quick brightness, cleaning and protecting the substrate are achieved.
When removing dirt from the can, an electric field needs to be applied, and the following reactions occur at the two electrodes (cathode and anode):
anode: 2OH - -2e→H 2 O+O,2O→O 2 Several O 2 And precipitating to form nano oxygen bubbles.
And (3) cathode: h + +e→H,2H→H 2 Several H 2 And precipitating to form nano oxygen bubbles.
The chemical principle of nanobubbles generation at the cathode and anode is clear. The nano bubbles can be used for descaling basically, and have high concentration, generate large force, and can be used for descaling in a short time by utilizing a physical principle, otherwise, the time is long, and the application is greatly limited. If a single bubble is represented by a mass-spring-damper model, it is shown in fig. 4. Specifically, please refer to the formula (4) given below:
wherein x is,
Respectively representing displacement, speed and acceleration; m, b and k are the mass, damping and elastic coefficients of the bubble respectively; f is the electric field force experienced. The mass-spring-damper model parallel and series can be used to approximate the expression for nanobubble populations as shown in fig. 5. Specifically, please refer to the formula (5) given below:
wherein,,
is all bubble matterQuantity m ij Equivalent mass of (i=1, … M, j=1, … N);
Is all bubble damping b ij Equivalent damping of (i=1, … M, j=1, … N);
Is the stiffness k of all bubbles ij (i=1, … M, j=1, … N);
Is f ij (i=1, … M, j=1, … N) equivalent electric field force.
Obtaining formulas (6) to (7) by utilizing Law transformation
If there is no contact with and scouring of the dirt,
at the same time->
Looking at the constant force applied when energized, is considered as a step signal +.>
Expression (8) and expression (9) of displacement and velocity can be obtained: />
Because the nano bubbles are very small in damping and approach to 0, whatAt a speed of
Large, very high velocity shifts are difficult to detect when viewed under an atomic force microscope (Atomic Force Microscope, AFM). In addition, the electrolyte solution also complies with ohm's law, i.e., as shown in formula (10):
in the formula (10), I, U is the voltage and current of the electrode; e (E) f The electric field intensity and the facing area between the s electrodes; r, κ are the resistance and conductivity of the electrolyte solution. Equation (11) is derived based on equation (10) and is shown below:
in the formula (11), j is the current density of the solution and the electrode plate. In addition, the electric field force is proportional to the product of the electric field strength and the area, as shown in the following formula (12):
since the current intensity is the amount of electricity Q passing in a unit time and the current density is the current passing in a unit area, equation (13) is obtained as follows:
wherein in the formula (12) and the formula (13), K i 、K j Is a proportionality coefficient. As is known from experiments, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the micro-nano bubble having a diameter of 1mm is about 0.003atm, and the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the micro-nano bubble having a diameter of 10um is about 0.3atm, and it is found that the pressure and the diameter of the micro-nano bubble are inversely proportional, so that the peel force T to which the dirt is subjected is directly proportional to the charge number Q, as shown in the following formula (14):
T=kq=kj equation (14)
K in equation (14) is a proportionality coefficient of current density and peeling force.
Equation (15) is also derived from ohm's law as follows:
equation (16) is derived from equations (14) (15) as follows:
when T is greater than the soil binding force, the soil can be rapidly peeled off. It can be seen that the solution of the nano concentration (number per unit time) required for descaling can be converted into control of the process electrical parameters, including: voltage V, regulating resistance R 0 Electrolyte resistance r, distance between plates h, electrode area s. The nano scale removal control basic principle is that the physical action of nano bubbles is more efficient than the prior chemical reactions such as simple electrolysis reaction scale removal, and the scale removal can be completed in a few seconds to tens of seconds.
The optimization of the process parameters requires knowledge of the coefficient k in equation (16) 0 The values of the electrolyte conductivity kappa, which are related to the dirt component and the electrolyte component, can be obtained by a least square fitting method through a parameter identification experiment. According to the related experiments of the previous study, the voltage V adjusts the resistance R 0 Electrolyte resistance r, distance between plates h, electrode area s. Earlier experiments show that the descaling time t has the following quantitative relation with the technological parameters, and the quantitative relation is shown in a formula (17):
Wherein, the electrolyte conductivity kappa is related to the dirt component and the electrolyte component, and can be obtained by adopting a least square fitting method according to an experiment in a table I. K is given below 0 Matrix lattice of least square method for kappa recognitionAnd (5) a formula algorithm.
Equation (18) is derived from equation (17) as follows:
wherein,,
can indirectly find k 0 ,κ
Equation (18) is written in matrix form, resulting in equation (19) as follows:
the matrix solution of equation (19) can be used to obtain equation (20):
α＝(A T A) -1 beta formula (20)
Wherein,,
here, as shown in fig. 6, an equivalent circuit of the descaling device according to the embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein the descaling device may be equivalently represented by a power source V and an adjusting resistor R 0 And an electrolyte resistance r.
In addition, except for the electrochemical nanotechnology, the scale removal treatment on the surface of the metal matrix can be aimed at, based on the above description, one skilled in the art can understand that the principle that the electrochemical nanotechnology can make the metal matrix produce the protection effect is that under the condition of power on, the catalyst auxiliary agent effect is provided, the metal on the surface of the substrate loses electrons and is oxidized by atomic oxygen to form an oxide film, and the passivation film is inert, so that the corrosion speed of the metal can be slowed down, and the purpose of protection is achieved, wherein the density of the atomic oxygen is the key for producing a compact oxide film.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, fig. 7 schematically illustrates a system block diagram of a descaling device 700 (shown in a dashed box in fig. 7) according to an embodiment of the present invention. The descaling device 700 mainly comprises three main parts (each shown by a dash-dot line box in fig. 7 respectively): (1) A portable power supply 710, one of which is connected to the metal object 7006 to be cleaned, for example, through a wire 7002 and a connection member 7003, to constitute one electrode (i.e., a first electrode), on a part or all of the surface of the metal object 7006 to be cleaned, dirt 7008 is formed; (2) The other pole of the portable power supply 710 is connected to the cleaning head 720 to form another electrode (i.e. the second electrode), here, as shown in fig. 7, the cleaning head 720 is in a hexagonal shape, but the cleaning head 720 may also take the form of a metal roller, a metal sheet, or a metal brush, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention; (3) The electrolyte supply apparatus 730 may be, for example, an electrolyte container 7011 (containing electrolyte) connected to a pump 7010 and a spray head 7009 through a conduit to form an electrolyte spraying system. Preferably, whatever the specific electrolyte supply means employed, it is necessary to enable the electrolyte to reach the junction of the surface of the metal object to be cleaned and the dirt (see, for example, the junction between the elements indicated by reference numerals 201 and 203 shown in fig. 2; or the junction between the elements indicated by reference numerals 7006 and 7008 shown in fig. 7), so that micro-nano bubbles can be formed at the junction.
Further, when the power supply 710 supplies power to the first electrode and the second electrode, an electric field is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, thereby causing the electrolyte provided on at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode to generate nano-sized oxyhydrogen bubbles, and the dirt formed on the object to be cleaned 7006 is physically removed by the cleaning head 720 using the generated nano-sized oxyhydrogen bubbles under the formed electric field.
The specific meaning of "physical manner" for descaling is also referred to the description in the above paragraph, and will not be repeated here.
In addition, "substantially" removal means that a substantial portion (e.g., greater than about 95%) of the soil is removed from the surface of the object to be cleaned in a very short period of time (e.g., within about 5 seconds).
Additionally, in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the descaling device 700 may further include: a detection device for detecting an electrical parameter relating to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrical parameter comprising at least one of: (i) A current flowing through at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; (ii) A potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode; (iii) A current density of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; and a control device, the detection device compares the detection value of the electric parameter detected by the detection device with a preset target value stored by the control device, and changes the magnitude of the electric parameter in real time based on the comparison result.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7 and 10, the above-described detection device may be used to directly or indirectly detect electric parameters such as a potential difference, a current value, and a current density, as shown by reference numerals 7004 and 7005. Further, referring to fig. 10, reference numeral 10001 in fig. 10 represents a display panel provided on a control device, in which electrical parameters 10015, including but not limited to electrode area, current density, voltage, current, etc., detected directly or indirectly as described above are displayed.
On the other hand, with continued reference to fig. 10, reference numerals 10002 and 10003 shown in fig. 10 represent that one output terminal of the power source is connected to the metal object 7006 to be cleaned (shown in fig. 7) through the wire 10002 and the connection member 10003, respectively.
Specifically, with continued reference to fig. 10, reference numerals 10014 and 10016 shown in fig. 10 provide buttons or knobs, respectively, for various operations by the user. The number, form and function provided of these buttons or knobs are not limited to that shown in fig. 10, but various additions, modifications and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art as they are required.
Specifically, with continued reference to fig. 10, the user may select either an automatic control mode or a manual control mode. In one aspect, in the automatic control mode, the detection device compares the detected value of the electrical parameter detected by the detection device with a preset target value stored by the control device, and automatically changes the magnitude of the electrical parameter in real time based on the comparison result.
On the other hand, in the manual control manner, the user may also change various electrical parameters as described above by himself through the knob 10014 shown in fig. 10, so as to achieve faster and better physical removal of the dirt formed on the object 7006 to be cleaned by the generated nano-sized oxyhydrogen bubbles under the action of the formed electric field through the cleaning head 720 shown in fig. 7.
In addition, with continued reference to fig. 8, as shown in fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electrical parameter control principle of the descaling device according to the embodiment of the present invention as shown in fig. 7. Wherein reference numerals 802 and 806 in fig. 8 denote a voltage detecting instrument and a current detecting instrument, respectively, so as to detect and provide a voltage value and a current value in real time. In addition, reference numeral 801 represents a power source, 803 represents an equivalent resistance formed by a connection member, 804 represents a variable resistor whose resistance value is changed by rotation of a knob 10014 shown in fig. 10, for example, and 807 represents a cleaning head.
With continued reference to fig. 9, fig. 9 schematically illustrates a partially enlarged schematic view between two electrode pads included in a descaling device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 9, an electric field is formed between the rightmost surface of the cleaning head 9007 (i.e., the rightmost one side of the hexagonal cleaning head 9007) and the opposite surface of the opposite object 9006 to be cleaned, as shown by reference numeral 9012. In addition, a large number of micro-nano bubbles 9013 are generated by the electric field 9012, and are distributed between the rightmost surface of the cleaning head 9007 and the opposite surface of the opposite object to be cleaned 9006.
In fact, although not shown in fig. 9, it is worth noting that micro-nano bubbles 9013 are also present inside reference numeral 9008 of fig. 10 under the action of an electric field, which is achieved by the physical action of micro-nano bubbles 9013 "penetrating" the dirt. To avoid confusion with other illustrated components, micro-nano bubbles distributed between the rightmost surface of the cleaning head 9007 and the opposing surface of the opposing object 9006 to be cleaned are not shown in fig. 10.
Therefore, an electric field is applied between the surface of the object to be cleaned and the cleaning head (e.g., rolling head) by the power supply, and under the action of the applied electric field, a large amount of atomic oxygen and nano gas are generated by the electrolyte, and the nano gas is flushed between the dirt and the surface of the object to be cleaned, so that the dirt is rapidly released. At the same time, atomic oxygen rapidly forms compact substances on the surface of the object to be cleaned, and protects the surface of the object to be cleaned from electrochemical corrosion. The descaling device provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the cleaning speed of the object surface is far higher than that of the object surface by a pure electrolysis method, and the decontamination process is usually completed within 10 seconds, so that the descaling device is an efficient, energy-saving and environment-friendly cleaning method.
Preferably, the power supply 710 may be a DC power supply, an AC power supply, or a pulsed power supply, thereby reducing power requirements.
Preferably, the power supply 710 may be a portable dc charging power supply, which may be used outdoors, or an ac input power supply may be selected.
Preferably, the power supply 710 is a power supply with a DC voltage below 26 volts, but is not limited to a power supply with a DC voltage below 26 volts. For safety reasons, the output voltage of the power supply 710 is controlled below 26 volts, which is less voltage demanding than conventional pure chemical electrolysis methods.
Preferably, the output current of the power supply is controlled to be within 10 amperes, but is not limited to be within 10 amperes. The output current of the power supply 710 is controlled to be within 10 amps for safety. The output current of the power supply 710 may also reach hundreds of amperes if under other electrical safety protection.
Preferably, the connecting piece 7003 is connected with the object 7006 to be cleaned, and crocodile pliers can be directly used for being added at the edge of the object 7006 to be cleaned, or other forms such as adhesion of an auxiliary electrode plate and the object 7006 to be cleaned can be used, so long as the connection is reliable.
The other pole of the power supply 710 is preferably connected by a metal roller 7007, rolls on the surface of the sintered material (or other dirt), or may be connected by a metal plate, a metal brush, or the like, so long as the other pole is sufficiently contacted with the electrolyte and the surface of the sintered material (or other dirt).
Preferably, the electrolyte solution adopts a mixed solution of citric acid, white vinegar, additives and distilled water, and can also adopt a large amount of other electrolyte solutions which can be electrolyzed under the action of an electric field. Preferably, the electrolyte comprises 1-12% of citric acid, 3-8% of white vinegar, 0.5-5% of additive and the balance of water.
Preferably, both the object to be cleaned 7006 and the cleaning head 7007 are composed of a common metal.
As described above, when the first electrode (e.g., the cleaning metal object 7006) is an anode, the nano-scale oxyhydrogen bubbles are nano-scale oxygen bubbles. In addition, when the first electrode (e.g., the cleaning metal object 7006) is a cathode, the nano-scale oxyhydrogen bubbles are nano-scale hydrogen bubbles.
Preferably, the electrolyte supply apparatus 730 supplies the electrolyte to the surface of the dirt, for example, by manual painting, spraying or dipping.
In addition, the portable nano electrochemical descaling and protecting device provided by the embodiment of the invention can also use technologies such as short-circuit protection, overcurrent, overvoltage protection, short-circuit alarm function, voltage regulation, current regulation, pump flow regulation and the like, which belong to general technologies and are not repeated herein.
Overall descaling process
Referring now to fig. 7 and 11, a flowchart of a descaling method according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. As shown in fig. 11, the embodiment of the invention provides a descaling method, for example, including the following steps:
s1401, connecting an output terminal of a power supply 710 to the object to be cleaned 7006 through a wire, thereby making the object to be cleaned 7006 constitute a first electrode;
s1402 connecting the other output terminal of the power supply 710 to a cleaning head 7007 through a wire, thereby making the cleaning head 7007 constitute a second electrode;
s1403 of supplying an electrolyte to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode;
s1404 supplying power to the first electrode and the second electrode through the power supply 710, forming an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode, thereby causing an electrolyte provided on at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode to generate nano-scale oxyhydrogen bubbles; and
s1405, the dirt formed on the object to be cleaned 7006 is physically removed by the cleaning head 7007 under the action of the formed electric field using the generated nano-scale oxyhydrogen bubbles.
Therefore, an electric field is applied between the surface of the object to be cleaned and the cleaning head (e.g., rolling head) by the power supply, and under the action of the applied electric field, a large amount of atomic oxygen and nano gas are generated by the electrolyte, and the nano gas is flushed between the dirt and the surface of the object to be cleaned, so that the dirt is rapidly released. At the same time, atomic oxygen rapidly forms compact substances on the surface of the object to be cleaned, and protects the surface of the object to be cleaned from electrochemical corrosion. The descaling device provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the cleaning speed of the object surface is far higher than that of the object surface by a pure electrolysis method, and the decontamination process is usually completed within 10 seconds, so that the descaling device is an efficient, energy-saving and environment-friendly cleaning method.
Preferably, the descaling method further comprises, for example, the steps of:
detecting, by a detection device, an electrical parameter relating to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrical parameter comprising at least one of: (i) A current flowing through at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; (ii) A potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode; (iii) A current density of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; and
And comparing the detection value of the electric parameter detected by the detection device with a preset target value stored by the control device through the control device, and changing the magnitude of the electric parameter in real time based on the comparison result.
Through the steps, rust matters (sinter matters, greasy dirt) and the like are rapidly removed, a compact protective film is formed on the surface of the substrate, and the method is portable, is not limited by sites, is safe and environment-friendly, can be used for removing corrosion and protecting the substrate of bridges, outdoor current facilities, ships, natural gas (petroleum) pipelines and the like, can also be used for removing and protecting dirt of blank pieces and semi-finished products in the machining process, and can also be used for removing greasy objects and carbides of tableware and kitchen ware which are burnt Cheng Jiaozhi.
Specific comparative examples embodying the principles of the present invention
Comparative example 1 sinter removal experiment
A commercial soup pot with 60cm is cleaned, wherein the base material of the pot is 304 stainless steel, the main dirt at the bottom of the pot is sinter and oily colloid, and the thickness is about 1-3 mm. With the portable descaling device 700 provided by the embodiment of the invention, electrolyte is mixed liquid of WT 5% edible citric acid, 1% white vinegar, 1% additive and the balance tap water, the power supply is controlled to be 6-12 v, the current is controlled to be 2-6 amperes, about 0.5-5 seconds after the power supply is turned on, the sintered material is completely separated, stainless steel is very clean, and the stainless steel is polished to be bright and mirrored. According to GB/T25148-2010 method for testing descaling rate and cleaning rate in chemical cleaning of industrial equipment and GB25146 standard for quality inspection and acceptance of chemical cleaning of industrial equipment, the cleaning is qualified. XPS and TEM analysis shows that the passivation film layer has a thickness of about 5nm and a composition of Fe 2 O 3 And Cr (V) 2 O 3 . According to GB/T10125-2012, salt fog experiment of artificial atmosphere corrosion experiment, the test is carried out for 24 hours.
Parameter identification experiment
The experimental power supply is a 24v direct current power supply, the area of the brush head (namely the electrode area) is 20cm & lt 2 & gt, the electrode voltage (namely the voltage between the brush head and a workpiece (to-be-cleaned object)) is regulated by regulating the resistor, the current and the current density are measured, the dirt shedding time is recorded, and the conductivity coefficient and the model proportionality coefficient k are solved according to the parameter identification algorithm 0 And kappa. Obtaining k 0 Kappa is 0.1,0.75, respectively. The specific parameters are also set forth in Table I below.
TABLE I
Through model calculation, a better process parameter range can be obtained as long as the current density is greater than 0.1A/cm 2, as shown in the following Table II.
Table II- -technological parameters and results of sinter removal experiments
Comparative example 2 degreasing test
The fume extractor is cleaned for more than two years, the fume extractor base material is 304 stainless steel, dirt is heavy oil dirt, the portable device is used, electrolyte solution is mixed solution of WT 5% edible citric acid, 2% white vinegar, 2% additive and the balance water, the power supply is 20-22V, the current is 3-5 amperes, the oil dirt is completely fallen off about 5-8 seconds after the power supply is switched on, and the brightness is as new. And (3) referring to the cleaning service specification of the SB/T11104-2014 household range hood and GB25146 industrial equipment chemical cleaning quality acceptance specification, and cleaning to be qualified. XPS and TEM analysis shows that the passivation film layer has a thickness of about 10nm and contains Fe 3 O 4 And Cr (V) 2 O 3 . According to GB/T10125-2012, salt fog experiment of artificial atmosphere corrosion experiment, the test is carried out for 48 hours.
Parameter identification experiment
The experimental power supply is a 24v DC power supply, the brush head area (i.e. electrode area) is 20cm & lt 2 & gt, the electrode voltage (i.e. the voltage between the brush head and the workpiece) is regulated by regulating the resistor, the current and the current density are measured, the dirt shedding time is recorded, and the conductivity coefficient and the model proportionality coefficient k are solved according to the parameter identification algorithm 0 And kappa. Obtaining k 0 Kappa is 0.2,0.03, respectively. The specific parameters are also set forth in Table III below.
Table III
Through model calculation, a better process parameter range can be obtained as long as the current density is greater than 0.15A/cm 2, as shown in the following Table IV.
Table IV-degreasing process parameters and results
Comparative example 3 rust removal experiment
A steel blank is cleaned, the substrate of the tool is Q235, dirt such as greasy dirt, rust and aged oxide scale, and the thickness of the aged oxide scale is about 1-4 mm. According to the portable descaling device 700 provided by the embodiment of the invention, electrolyte is mixed liquid of 5% of WT edible citric acid, 2% of white vinegar, 3% of additives and the balance of water, a power supply is 18-24V, current is 5-10 amperes, about 5-10 seconds after the power supply is turned on, dirt is completely removed, and a base material is well protected. According to GB/T25148-2010 method for testing descaling rate and cleaning rate in chemical cleaning of industrial equipment and GB25146 standard for quality inspection and acceptance of chemical cleaning of industrial equipment, the cleaning is qualified. XPS and TEM analysis shows that the passivation film layer has a thickness of about 10nm and contains Fe 3 O 4 . According to GB/T10125-2012, salt fog experiment of artificial atmosphere corrosion experiment, the test is carried out for 12 hours.
Parameter identification experiment
The experimental power supply is a 24v DC power supply, the brush head area (i.e. electrode area) is 20cm & lt 2 & gt, the electrode voltage (i.e. the voltage between the brush head and the workpiece) is regulated by regulating the resistor, the current and the current density are measured, the dirt shedding time is recorded, and the conductivity coefficient and the model proportionality coefficient k are solved according to the parameter identification algorithm 0 And kappa. Obtaining k 0 Kappa is 0.38,0.01, respectively. The specific parameters are also set forth in Table V below.
Table V
By model calculation, a better process parameter range can be obtained as long as the current density is greater than 0.3A/cm 2, as shown in Table VI below.
Table VI-descaling Process parameters and results
As can be seen from the experimental results of the respective comparative examples described above, the portable descaling device 700 and the descaling method thereof according to the embodiment of the present invention described above are feasible and effective.
Advantageous technical effects of various embodiments of the invention
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects obtained by the embodiments of the invention include but are not limited to:
firstly, the descaling method provided by the invention adopts an applied electric field to generate a large number of micro-nano bubbles between the surface of a cleaning object and a rolling brush head, and the surface of a substrate is flushed in a high-speed physical mode, so that oxide rust and dirt are peeled off, and meanwhile, the protective agent of atomic oxygen and electrolyte has polishing and passivating effects on the surface of a stainless steel or steel substrate to form a compact passivation film, so that the surface of the object is fast bright and clean.
Second, the invention overturns the traditional physical or chemical cleaning method, and the invention comprises an electrochemical method (micro-nano bubbles are generated in the early stage) and a physical method (the generated micro-nano bubbles are utilized for descaling later). The application of an electric field to generate atomic oxygen and micro-nano bubbles belongs to an electrochemical method, but the atomic oxygen efficiency and the atomic oxygen speed generated by the existing method for generating atomic oxygen by electrolysis in a pure chemical mode are several orders of magnitude higher. The micro-nano bubble physical mode is used for scouring the basic surface at a high speed, cavitation bursts dirt and rust substances, and the efficiency is several orders of magnitude higher. Meanwhile, the invention has no problem of local stress damage caused by hard particles contained in methods such as shot blasting, jet flow and the like.
Thirdly, the atomic oxygen and electrolyte protective agent produced by the invention has polishing and passivating effects on the surface of the stainless steel or steel matrix to form a compact passivation film, so that the surface of an object is quickly bright and clean, the object is effectively protected, and the problem of the protection which cannot be solved by the existing physical and chemical methods is solved. Specifically, under the condition of electrification, the catalyst auxiliary agent is used, and as the metal on the surface of the base material loses electrons and is oxidized by atomic oxygen, an M-O-M transparent film (M represents metal) is formed, and the passivation film is inert, so that the corrosion rate of the metal can be slowed down, and the purpose of protection is achieved.
Fourth, the invention subverts the existing simple electrochemical method to have the problem of selectivity to the power supply, and the invention can be realized by using the AC/DC power supply.
Fifth, the invention solves the technical problems of cleaning and passivation protection of large-scale metal parts (such as bridges, outdoor electric facilities, ships, petroleum and natural conveying pipelines, etc.). Because the traditional electrolytic method needs to soak the metal parts in the bath liquid, the large-scale metal parts are limited by the method, and the electrolytic method cannot be adopted for cleaning treatment.
Sixth, the invention solves the technical problems that the existing method can not quickly and efficiently remove the burnt Cheng Jiaozhi greasy substances, carbide, semi-dry greasy dirt and the like on the surfaces polluted by heavy greasy dirt such as tableware, kitchen ware and the like.
Seventh, the voltage of the power supply required by the invention is less than 26 volts, and the required current is less than 10 amperes, so that the invention is very safe and convenient.
Eighth, the descaling time of the invention is usually less than 10 seconds, which is increased by more than ten times compared with the traditional method.
Ninth, the electrolyte of the descaling method of the invention is edible citric acid, white vinegar, additives and the like. The electrolyte can be recycled and is environment-friendly and harmless to human bodies.
Tenth, the invention provides a set of metal cleaning, protecting and descaling device and a descaling method which are efficient, environment-friendly and low in cost and are not limited by places, and the metal cleaning, protecting and descaling device and the descaling method have great economic and social benefits.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatus in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to performing the functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing the functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in an opposite order depending on the functions involved, e.g., the described methods may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may also be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.
The embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many forms may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application and the scope of the claims, which are also within the protection of the present application.
Claims (12)
1. A descaling device, characterized in that it comprises:
a cleaning head;
a power source having one output terminal connected to an object to be cleaned, a part or all of a surface of the object to be cleaned being formed with dirt, thereby causing the object to be cleaned to constitute a first electrode, and the other output terminal connected to the cleaning head, thereby causing the cleaning head to constitute a second electrode;
an electrolyte supply device for supplying an electrolyte to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode;
a detection device for detecting an electrical parameter relating to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrical parameter comprising at least one of: (i) A current flowing through at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; (ii) A potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode; (iii) A current density of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; and
a control device which compares the detected value of the electric parameter detected by the detection device with a preset target value stored by the control device and changes the electric parameter in real time based on the comparison result so as to control the descaling time of the descaling device,
Wherein when the power supply supplies power to the first electrode and the second electrode, an electric field is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, thereby causing an electrolyte provided on at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode to generate nano-sized bubbles, and dirt formed on the object to be cleaned is physically removed by the cleaning head under the formed electric field using the generated nano-sized bubbles.
2. The descaling device according to claim 1, wherein the magnitude of the electrical parameter is changed in real time based on the comparison result, so that controlling the descaling time of the descaling device is performed according to the following formula:
wherein κ is the value of the conductivity of the electrolyte in the electrolyte, R 0 Is the resistance value of the regulating resistor, s is the electrode area, h is the distance between polar plates, k 0 Is a constant.
3. The descaling device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the nanoscale bubbles are nanoscale oxyhydrogen bubbles.
4. A descaling device according to claim 3, wherein the nanoscale oxyhydrogen bubbles comprise atomic oxygen; and is also provided with
The control device compares the detection value of the electric parameter detected by the detection device with a preset target value stored by the control device, and changes the magnitude of the electric parameter in real time based on the comparison result, so as to control the real-time density of the atomic oxygen, and enable a passivation film layer to be formed on the surface of the object to be cleaned.
5. The descaling device according to claim 4, wherein when the substrate of the object to be cleaned is 304 stainless steel and the scale formed on a part or all of the surface of the object to be cleaned is a sinter or an oily gel, the descaling device is powered on for about 0.5 to 5 seconds, and the passivation film layer has a thickness of about 5 nm.
6. The descaling device according to claim 4, wherein when the substrate of the object to be cleaned is 304 stainless steel and the dirt formed on a part or all of the surface of the object to be cleaned is heavy oil dirt, the descaling device is powered on for about 5 to 8 seconds, and the passivation film layer has a thickness of about 10 nm.
7. The descaling device according to claim 4, wherein when the substrate of the object to be cleaned is Q235 steel and the dirt formed on a part or all of the surface of the object to be cleaned is oil stain, rust and aged scale, the descaling device is powered on for about 5 to 10 seconds, and the passivation film layer has a thickness of about 10 nm.
8. The descaling device according to claim 4, wherein the passivation film layer is an M-O-M transparent film, wherein M represents a metal and O represents atomic oxygen.
9. The descaling device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the power source is a direct current power source, an alternating current power source, or a pulsed power source.
10. The descaling device of claim 9, wherein the power source is a portable dc charging power source that provides a dc output voltage of 26 volts or less and a dc output current of 10 amps or less.
11. The descaling device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the electrolyte comprises citric acid, white vinegar, additives and distilled water.
12. The descaling device according to claim 11, wherein the electrolyte comprises citric acid in an amount of 1-12%, white vinegar in an amount of 3-8%, additives in an amount of 0.5-5%, and distilled water as the rest.
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