CN113278603B - Low-energy-consumption high-reduction-rate perishable garbage treatment process - Google Patents

Low-energy-consumption high-reduction-rate perishable garbage treatment process Download PDF

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CN113278603B
CN113278603B CN202110381976.8A CN202110381976A CN113278603B CN 113278603 B CN113278603 B CN 113278603B CN 202110381976 A CN202110381976 A CN 202110381976A CN 113278603 B CN113278603 B CN 113278603B
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biochar
perishable garbage
acid
poplar
deionized water
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CN113278603A (en
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徐坚麟
付源
洪宗虎
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Hangzhou Nanda Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of perishable garbage treatment, in particular to a perishable garbage treatment process with low energy consumption and high decrement rate, which comprises the following steps: 1) picking out non-degradable substances from the perishable garbage, crushing the perishable garbage to pass through a 20-mesh sieve, and placing the crushed perishable garbage in a degradation bin; 2) adding 1.0-2.5 kg of compound microbial agent into each ton of perishable garbage every 12h, and carrying out aerobic degradation at normal temperature for 48-72 h, wherein the compound microbial agent is prepared by cross-linking polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, acid modified poplar powder and aminated biochar into a compound carrier and adsorbing microorganisms. The reduction rate of the perishable garbage is not less than 90% in a short time, organic macromolecules are degraded into micromolecular substances, low energy consumption conversion of the perishable garbage is realized, and the generation of peculiar smell is well controlled in the degradation process.

Description

Low-energy-consumption high-reduction-rate perishable garbage treatment process
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of perishable garbage treatment, in particular to a perishable garbage treatment process with low energy consumption and high decrement rate.
Background
The perishable garbage in the traditional sense refers to kitchen garbage, in particular to kitchen waste generated in the production and living processes of catering operators, unit dining halls, family life and the like, and leftovers, vegetable stems and leaves, meat viscera, fruit shells and melon peels and the like belong to perishable garbage. The composition and production of perishable waste varies depending on a number of factors, but generally has the following characteristics: 1) the water content is high, the water content of the perishable garbage is generally higher than 60 percent and even reaches 80 percent, the higher water content not only brings great difficulty and cost for collection, transportation and treatment, but also easily pollutes other recyclable wastes due to the flowing pollution, so that the recyclability of other wastes is reduced, the recycling cost is improved, and in addition, the perishable garbage leachate can pollute surface water and underground water through surface runoff and osmosis; 2) the perishable garbage has high water content and high organic matter content (accounting for about 95 percent of dry matter content), and is extremely easy to rot and smell due to the high organic matter content, so that pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms are bred, and if the perishable garbage is directly utilized without treatment, the pathogenic bacteria are spread and infected; 3) the perishable garbage is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and various trace elements besides high organic matter content, has the characteristics of complete nutrient elements and high recycling value, and the organic matter content in the perishable garbage is increased along with the improvement of the living standard of human substances, so that resource utilization is required to be implemented.
The perishable garbage contains huge material wealth, which is gradually discovered and recognized by people, the value of the current waste as fuel, feed, fertilizer and industrial raw material is developed, and the treatment and utilization of the perishable waste with large amount and concentration is not utilized due to the severe characters and the restriction of certain factors such as technical difficulty, investment benefit and the like, and a great deal of work is needed.
At the end of the 20 th century, the epidemic spread of livestock and poultry infectious diseases in the world such as mad cow disease, foot and mouth disease and the like makes people realize the huge sanitation potential safety hazard of directly feeding the pigs with perishable garbage, and some urban successive departure policies such as Shanghai, Hangzhou, Qingdao, Beijing, Guangzhou, Wuluqiqi, Ningbo and the like prohibit directly feeding the pigs with untreated perishable garbage, and urban organic waste and perishable garbage disposal engineering is established successively by utilizing technologies such as biological fermentation, heat treatment and the like. However, the problems of low resource recovery rate and product value, bad environmental odor, poor front-end classification efficiency and the like in the prior art become problems to be solved urgently by the perishable waste treatment industry. The traditional perishable garbage treatment process has obvious defects, for example, the perishable garbage is subjected to sanitary landfill treatment on polluted soil and underground water, and incineration treatment is very easy to generate air pollution such as dioxin and the like while the treatment cost is improved because the perishable garbage has high moisture and organic matter content; the high-temperature composting treatment has huge electric energy consumption, and the salt-containing oil content of the product is too high, so that the resource is difficult; the investment of the biogas power generation treatment project is large, and the stable operation is difficult. With the increasing situation of the refuse surrounding cities, the development of a low-energy consumption and high-reduction-rate perishable refuse treatment process is urgent.
The above background disclosure is only for the purpose of assisting understanding of the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present invention, and does not necessarily belong to the prior art of the present patent application, and should not be used for evaluating the novelty and inventive step of the present application in the case that there is no clear evidence that the above content is disclosed at the filing date of the present patent application.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at solving at least one technical problem in the background technology, the application provides a perishable garbage treatment method with low energy consumption and high reduction rate, which can realize the reduction rate of not less than 90 percent of perishable garbage in a short time, degrade organic macromolecules into micromolecular substances, realize the low energy consumption conversion of perishable garbage and well control the generation of peculiar smell in the degradation process.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the above technical problems or to achieve the above technical object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
In the first scheme, the compound microbial agent is composed of compound thalli and compound carrier solid carriers,
the compound thallus consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, pseudomonas azotoformis, pseudomonas yellowish, pseudomonas brucei, pseudomonas winklensis, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes;
the composite carrier consists of polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, acid modified poplar powder, aminated biochar and a cross-linking agent.
In some preferred embodiments, the composite bacteria is prepared by activating, culturing and mixing strains to obtain a total strain content of 1-2 × 1010cfu/mL of bacterial liquid.
In some preferred embodiments, the composite bacterial cells have a species content difference of no more than 50% between species.
In some preferred embodiments, the polyvinyl alcohol has a weight average molecular weight of 16000 to 20000.
In some preferred embodiments, the viscosity of sodium alginate is 100 to 500 cps.
In some preferred embodiments, the preparation method of the composite carrier comprises: dissolving polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate in a mass ratio of 7.5-9.5: 1 in a large amount of deionized water, heating to 95-98 ℃, and dissolving for 1-2 hours to obtain a uniform solution; cooling to room temperature, adding the acid modified populus diversifolia powder and the aminated charcoal, stirring and mixing for 30-45 min, dropwise adding into 1-2% calcium chloride solution, carrying out crosslinking reaction at 150-600 r/min for at least 24h, separating, washing with deionized water until the washing liquor is neutral, and soaking with deionized water to obtain the product.
In other preferred embodiments, the addition amount of the acid-modified populus diversifolia powder is 5-8% of the total weight of the polyvinyl alcohol and the sodium alginate.
In other preferred embodiments, the acid-modified populus diversifolia powder is prepared by: putting 60-mesh populus diversifolia powder into a sufficient amount of aqueous solution containing 0.8-1.0 per mill of 4-sulfocalixarene, stirring and dispersing at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ for modification for 30-60 min at a speed of 120-300 r/min, filtering, washing with deionized water until the washing liquid is neutral, and drying to obtain the product.
In other preferred embodiments, the populus diversifolia powder is obtained by crushing dried branches and/or dried leaves of populus diversifolia into 60-mesh powder.
The basic tree species of populus can neutralize the basic functional groups on the surface of powder to reduce the content and remove the gray matter on the surface of powder and can obviously increase the content of carboxyl and hydroxyl on the surface of populus diversifolia powder, the basic functional groups can be compounded with polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate to prepare the carrier, the content of reactive groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl on the surface of the carrier can be increased, the active groups can be bonded with the carrier in the process of solidifying microorganisms, in addition, 4-sulfocalixarene participates in introducing a group containing a cavity into the carrier, the cavity structure of the 4-sulfocalixarene participates in the adsorption of the microorganisms and the cross-linking of populus diversifolia powder cellulose, thereby greatly improving the stability of the carrier on the basis of obviously improving the adsorption rate of the immobilized microorganisms of the carrier, and keeping the structural integrity in the process of degrading perishable garbage, can regenerate and adsorb microorganisms for reuse.
In other preferred embodiments, the aqueous solution of the 4-sulfocalixarene contains 1-1.5% of alpha-ketobutyric acid; the composite modification of the populus euphratica powder by using a certain amount of alpha-tetronic acid and 4-sulfocalixarene can greatly improve the degradation capability of the composite microbial agent on perishable garbage, probably because the existence of the alpha-tetronic acid is beneficial to the cross-linking modification of the populus euphratica powder by the 4-sulfocalixarene, the structural strength of a carrier is improved, the adsorption rate and the stability are improved, and the alpha-tetronic acid is beneficial to the improvement of the growth and reproduction capability of microorganisms and further enhances the degradation treatment of the composite microbial agent on perishable garbage.
In other preferable embodiments, the addition amount of the aminated biochar is 2.5-4.0% of the total weight of the polyvinyl alcohol and the sodium alginate.
In other preferred embodiments, the preparation method of the aminated biochar comprises the following steps: immersing the populus diversifolia biochar after acid treatment in deionized water, adding industrial ammonia water in an amount which is 3-5 times the weight of the biochar and sodium dithionate in an amount which is 2-3 times the weight of the biochar, stirring for at least 5 hours at 450-900 r/min, filtering, and drying to obtain the aminated biochar.
In other preferred embodiments, the poplar biochar is obtained by taking 40-mesh poplar branches and/or leaves, and carbonizing the poplar branches and/or leaves in a muffle furnace at the temperature of 350-500 ℃ for at least 1.5h at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min.
In other preferred embodiments, the treatment with the carbonized acid of aspen wood specifically comprises: washing the poplar biochar with 15% hydrochloric acid and deionized water respectively, drying, soaking in a mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid in a volume ratio of 2-4: 1 for 1-2 hours, cooling, stirring at 300-900 r/min for at least 5 hours, filtering, and drying to obtain the poplar biochar.
In the carbonization process, fibrous tissues are cracked, so that functional groups such as aliphatic hydrocarbon, aromatic carbonyl and the like of cellulose components disappear, aromatic rings are reserved and exposed, and the increase of aromaticity is helpful for improving the adsorptivity of the biochar; the amination of the biochar can improve the amino content on the surface of the biochar, the increase of active groups is beneficial to the adsorption of the biochar on microorganisms, and the bacterium absorption amount of the composite carrier is obviously improved.
In some preferred embodiments, the method for preparing the complex microbial agent comprises:
1) preparing total strain content of 1-2 multiplied by 1010cfu/mL bacterial liquid;
2) adding 320-400 g/L of composite carrier into the bacterial liquid obtained in the step 1), fully mixing, standing for 12-36 h, and filtering to obtain the microbial inoculum.
In some preferred embodiments, the thorough mixing means stirring at a rotation speed of 60 to 180r/min for 10 to 30 min.
In the process of treating perishable garbage, the inventor finds that the composite microbial agent prepared by the method has excellent mechanical strength, and the damage rate and the deformation rate of the composite microbial agent are low through detection, and meanwhile, the adsorption rate of the composite microbial agent to microorganisms is high, so that the composite microbial agent has high adsorption effect of a composite carrier, even if no flocculant is added, the adsorption rate is not lower than 94%, the degradation efficiency can be obviously improved when the composite microbial agent is applied to the degradation process of perishable garbage, and the energy consumption and the reduction rate are expected to be reduced; meanwhile, the composite carrier can be applied to the degradation of the perishable garbage after being adsorbed by microorganisms again, so that the treatment cost is obviously reduced.
And in the second scheme, the composite microbial agent in the first scheme is applied to aerobic degradation of perishable garbage at normal temperature.
In a third aspect, a method for treating perishable waste includes:
1) picking out non-degradable substances from the perishable garbage, crushing the non-degradable substances to pass through a 20-mesh sieve, and placing the crushed material in a degradation bin;
2) adding 1.0-2.5 kg of the compound microbial agent in a scheme every 12 hours for every ton of perishable garbage, and carrying out aerobic degradation at normal temperature for 48-72 hours.
In some preferred embodiments, the non-degradable substance comprises metal, fabric, plastic, glass, rubber, stone, ceramic.
In some preferred embodiments, the aeration is performed 4-5 times/h during the aerobic degradation at normal temperature.
The composite microbial inoculum can be fully mixed with perishable garbage by utilizing conventional degradation equipment, and can keep the structural integrity in the normal-temperature aerobic degradation process of the perishable garbage due to the excellent mechanical strength, the composite microbial inoculum contains a high amount of microorganisms, organic macromolecules in the perishable garbage can be rapidly degraded into micromolecular substances through the synergistic effect of a plurality of strains under the normal-temperature aerobic condition, a large amount of humic acid, organic matters, low-molecular sugar, trace elements and the like are generated, the reduction rate of not less than 90% can be realized in a short time, degradation products can be used as organic fertilizers for development and utilization, the low-energy consumption conversion of the perishable garbage is realized, the generation of peculiar smell is well controlled in the degradation process, and the composite microbial inoculum is friendly to operators and staff.
The preferred conditions described above may be combined with each other to arrive at a specific embodiment, based on general knowledge in the art.
The raw materials or reagents involved in the invention are all common commercial products, and the operations involved are all routine operations in the field unless otherwise specified.
(III) advantageous effects
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the poplar branch and/or leaf powder can neutralize surface alkaline functional groups after being modified by acid, thereby removing powder gray matter, obviously increasing the content of carboxyl and hydroxyl on the surface of the powder, further increasing the content of carrier reactive groups and improving the adsorption rate and stability of carrier solidified microorganisms; the composite modification of the populus diversifolia powder by using a certain amount of alpha-ketobutyric acid and 4-sulfocalixarene can greatly improve the degradation capability of the composite microbial agent on perishable garbage, probably because the existence of the alpha-ketobutyric acid is beneficial to the cross-linking modification of the populus diversifolia powder by the 4-sulfocalixarene, the structural strength of a carrier is improved, the adsorption rate and the stability are improved, the alpha-ketobutyric acid is beneficial to improving the growth and reproduction capability of microorganisms, and the degradation treatment of the composite microbial agent on perishable garbage is further enhanced. .
In the modification process of the populus euphratica branch and/or leaf powder, the cavity structure of the 4-sulfonic acid calixarene can participate in the adsorption of microorganisms and the crosslinking of populus euphratica powder cellulose, so that the stability of the carrier is greatly improved on the basis of remarkably improving the adsorption rate of the carrier solidified microorganisms, the structural integrity can be kept in the process of degrading perishable garbage, and the carrier can be recycled after adsorbing the microorganisms.
The amination of the poplar biochar can improve the amino content on the surface of the poplar biochar, the increase of active groups is beneficial to the adsorption of the biochar on microorganisms, and the bacterium absorption amount of the composite carrier is obviously improved.
The composite microbial agent prepared by the method has excellent mechanical strength, is low in damage rate and deformation rate through detection, is high in adsorption rate to microorganisms, still has the adsorption rate not lower than 94% even under the condition that no flocculating agent is added, can obviously improve the degradation efficiency when being applied to the degradation process of perishable garbage, and is expected to reduce energy consumption and improve the reduction rate; meanwhile, the composite carrier can be applied to the degradation of the perishable garbage after being adsorbed by microorganisms again, so that the treatment cost is obviously reduced.
The composite microbial inoculum can be used for degrading perishable garbage by using conventional degradation equipment, has excellent mechanical strength, can keep structural integrity in the process of carrying out normal-temperature aerobic degradation on perishable garbage, can rapidly degrade organic macromolecules in the perishable garbage into micromolecular substances under the normal-temperature aerobic condition through the synergistic effect of multiple strains, can realize a reduction rate of not less than 90 percent in a short time, can be used as an organic fertilizer for additional development and utilization, realizes low energy consumption conversion of the perishable garbage, well controls the generation of peculiar smell in the degradation process, and is friendly to operators and staff.
The invention adopts the technical scheme for achieving the purpose, makes up the defects of the prior art, and has reasonable design and convenient operation.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the invention will be more readily understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing the complex microbial inoculant of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the calixarene 4-sulfonate according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the damage rate statistics of the complex microbial inoculant obtained in some embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a statistical representation of the perishable waste reduction rate of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Those skilled in the art can appropriately substitute and/or modify the process parameters to implement the present disclosure, but it is specifically noted that all similar substitutes and/or modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are deemed to be included in the present invention. While the products and methods of making described herein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the products and methods of making described herein may be made and utilized without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The present invention uses the methods and materials described herein; other suitable methods and materials known in the art may be used. The materials, methods, and examples described herein are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting. All publications, patent applications, patents, provisional applications, database entries, and other references mentioned herein, and the like, are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control.
The materials, methods, and examples described herein are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting unless otherwise specified. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, suitable methods and materials are described herein.
The starting materials described herein are commercially available and include, but are not limited to:
bacillus amyloliquefaciens, nitrogen-producing pseudomonas, pseudomonas flavus, pseudomonas brucei, pseudomonas winkle and yeast are purchased from Beijing Beinana Chuanglian Biotechnology research institute;
actinomycetes were purchased from Hezhong Biochemical manufacturing Co., Ltd, Wuhan City.
The present invention is described in detail below.
Example 1: a compound microbial agent:
1) the formulation contains 1.5X 109cfu/mL Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 1.7X 109cfu/mL Pseudomonas azotoformans, 1.5X 109cfu/mL Pseudomonas flacci, 1.5X 109cfu/mL Pseudomonas buchneri, 1.4X 109cfu/mL Pseudomonas winkle, 1.4X 109cfu/mL yeast and 1.5X 109Bacterial liquid of cfu/mL actinomycetes;
2) taking 100g of 60-mesh dried populus euphratica branch powder, placing the dried populus euphratica branch powder into 2000mL of aqueous solution containing 1% of alpha-ketobutyric acid and 0.8% per mill of 4-sulfocalixarene, stirring and dispersing for modification for 60min at the temperature of 45 ℃, filtering, washing with deionized water until the washing solution is neutral, and drying to obtain acid-modified populus euphratica powder;
3) taking populus euphratica branch powder of 40 meshes, heating to 350 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min in a muffle furnace, and carbonizing for 2h to obtain populus euphratica charcoal; washing with 15% hydrochloric acid and deionized water respectively, drying, soaking in a mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid in a volume ratio of 2:1 for 2h, cooling, stirring at 300r/min for 8h, filtering, drying to obtain acid-treated biochar, soaking in deionized water, adding industrial ammonia water (28%) 3 times the weight of the acid-treated biochar and sodium dithionate 2 times the weight of the acid-treated biochar, stirring at 450r/min for 8h, filtering, and drying to obtain aminated biochar;
4) dissolving 75g of polyvinyl alcohol (with weight-average molecular weight of 16000) and 10g of sodium alginate (200 +/-20 cps) in 2.5L of deionized water, heating to 95 ℃, and heating to dissolve for 2h to obtain a uniform solution; cooling to room temperature, adding 4.25g of the acid modified poplar powder obtained in the step 2) and 2.125g of the aminated charcoal obtained in the step 3), and stirring and mixing for 30min at a speed of 120 r/min; dropwise adding the mixed solution into 1% calcium chloride solution with 3 times volume of the mixed solution within 2h, carrying out crosslinking reaction at 150r/min for 48h, washing with deionized water after separation until the washing solution is neutral, and soaking with deionized water to obtain the composite carrier;
5) adding 320g/L of the composite carrier obtained in the step 4) into the bacterial liquid obtained in the step 1), stirring at the rotating speed of 60r/min for 30min, fully mixing, standing for 12h, and separating to obtain the composite microbial agent.
Example 2: a compound microbial agent:
1) the formulation contains 1.5X 109cfu/mL Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 1.5X 109cfu/mL Pseudomonas azotoformans, 1.4X 109cfu/mL Pseudomonas flacci, 1.5X 109cfu/mL Pseudomonas buchneri, 1.5X 109cfu/mL Pseudomonas wrinkle, 1.4X 109cfu/mL yeast and 1.5X 109Bacterial liquid of cfu/mL actinomycetes;
2) taking 100g of 60-mesh dry populus euphratica leaf powder, placing the powder into 2000mL of aqueous solution containing 1.5% of alpha-ketobutyric acid and 1.0% per mill of 4-sulfocalixarene, stirring and dispersing for modification for 30min at the temperature of 50 ℃, filtering, washing with deionized water until the washing liquor is neutral, and drying to obtain acid-modified populus euphratica powder;
3) taking 40-mesh populus euphratica branches, heating to 500 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min in a muffle furnace, and carbonizing for 1.5h to obtain populus euphratica charcoal; washing the populus diversifolia biochar with 15% hydrochloric acid and deionized water respectively, drying, soaking in a mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid in a volume ratio of 4:1 for 1h, cooling, stirring for 5h at 900r/min, filtering, drying to obtain acid-treated biochar, immersing with deionized water, adding industrial ammonia water (26%) which is 5 times of the weight of the acid-treated biochar and sodium dithionate which is 3 times of the weight of the acid-treated biochar, stirring for 5h at 900r/min, filtering, and drying to obtain aminated biochar;
4) dissolving 95g of polyvinyl alcohol (weight average molecular weight is 20000) and 10g of sodium alginate (200 +/-20 cps) in 3L of deionized water, heating to 98 ℃, and heating to dissolve for 1h to obtain a uniform solution; cooling to room temperature, adding 8.4g of acid modified poplar powder obtained in the step 2) and 4.2g of aminated charcoal obtained in the step 3), stirring and mixing at 120r/min for 45min, dropwise adding into 2% calcium chloride solution with 2 times of the volume of the mixed solution within 2h, carrying out crosslinking reaction at 600r/min for 24h, washing with deionized water after separation until the washing solution is neutral, and soaking with deionized water to obtain a composite carrier;
5) adding 400g/L of the composite carrier obtained in the step 4) into the bacterial liquid obtained in the step 1), stirring at the rotating speed of 180r/min for 10min for fully mixing, then standing for 36h, and separating to obtain the composite microbial agent.
Example 3: a compound microbial agent:
1) the formulation contains 1.5X 109cfu/mL Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 1.6X 109cfu/mL Pseudomonas azotoformans, 1.6X 109cfu/mL Pseudomonas flacci, 1.3X 109cfu/mL Pseudomonas buchneri, 1.5X 109cfu/mL Pseudomonas wrinkle, 1.3X 109cfu/mL yeast and 1.2X 109Bacterial liquid of cfu/mL actinomycetes;
2) taking 50g of 60-mesh dried poplar branch powder and 50g of 60-mesh dried poplar leaf powder, placing the powders into 2L of aqueous solution containing 1.2 percent of alpha-ketobutyric acid and 1.0 per thousand of 4-sulfocalixarene, stirring at the temperature of 48 ℃, dispersing and modifying for 45min at the speed of 240r/min, filtering, washing with deionized water until the washing liquor is neutral, and drying to obtain acid-modified poplar powder;
3) taking 40-mesh populus euphratica branches and leaves (weight ratio is 2:1) to be carbonized for 2 hours in a muffle furnace at the temperature of 8 ℃/min to 440 ℃, and obtaining populus euphratica charcoal; washing with 15% hydrochloric acid and deionized water respectively, drying, soaking in a mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid in a volume ratio of 3:1 for 1.5h, cooling, stirring at 600r/min for 6h, filtering, drying to obtain acid-treated biochar, immersing in deionized water, adding industrial ammonia water (25%) 4 times the weight of the acid-treated biochar and sodium dithionate 2 times the weight of the acid-treated biochar, stirring at 600r/min for 6h, filtering, and drying to obtain aminated biochar;
4) dissolving 90g of polyvinyl alcohol (with weight-average molecular weight of 18000) and 10g of sodium alginate (200 +/-20 cps) in 3L of deionized water, heating to 98 ℃, and heating for dissolving for 2h to obtain a uniform solution; cooling to room temperature, adding 7.5g of the acid modified poplar powder obtained in the step 2) and 3.5g of the aminated biochar obtained in the step 3), stirring and mixing for 45min at a speed of 90r/min, dropwise adding into a 1.5% calcium chloride solution with a volume 2 times that of the mixed solution within 2h, carrying out crosslinking reaction for 30h at a speed of 450r/min, washing with deionized water after separation until the washing solution is neutral, and soaking with the deionized water to obtain the composite carrier;
5) adding 380g/L of the composite carrier obtained in the step 4) into the bacterial liquid obtained in the step 1), stirring at the rotating speed of 120r/min for 15min, fully mixing, standing for 24h, and separating to obtain the composite microbial agent.
Example 4: a compound microbial agent:
1) same as step 1) of example 3;
2) taking 50g of 60-mesh dried poplar branch powder and 50g of 60-mesh dried poplar leaf powder, placing the powders into 2L of aqueous solution containing 1.2 percent of alpha-ketobutyric acid and 0.5 per thousand of 4-sulfocalixarene, stirring at the temperature of 48 ℃, dispersing and modifying for 45min at the speed of 240r/min, filtering, washing with deionized water until the washing liquor is neutral, and drying to obtain acid-modified poplar powder;
3) same as step 3 of example 3);
4) same as step 4 of example 3);
5) same as step 5 of example 3).
Example 5: a compound microbial agent:
1) same as step 1) of example 3;
2) taking 50g of 60-mesh dried poplar branch powder and 50g of 60-mesh dried poplar leaf powder, placing the powders into 2L of aqueous solution containing 1.2 percent of alpha-ketobutyric acid and 1.5 per thousand of 4-sulfocalixarene, stirring at 48 ℃ for dispersion modification at 240r/min for 45min, filtering, washing with deionized water until the washing solution is neutral, and drying to obtain acid modified poplar powder;
3) same as step 3 of example 3);
4) same as step 4 of example 3);
5) same as step 5 of example 3).
Example 6: a compound microbial agent:
1) same as step 1) of example 3;
2) taking 50g of 60-mesh dried poplar branch powder and 50g of 60-mesh dried poplar leaf powder, putting the powders into 2L of aqueous solution containing 1.2% of alpha-ketobutyric acid, stirring at 48 ℃, dispersing and modifying for 45min at 240r/min, filtering, washing with deionized water until the washing solution is neutral, and drying to obtain acid-modified poplar powder;
3) same as step 3 of example 3);
4) same as step 4 of example 3);
5) same as step 5 of example 3).
Example 7: a compound microbial agent:
1) same as step 1) of example 3;
2) placing 100g of 60-mesh corn straw powder into 2L of aqueous solution containing 1.2% of alpha-ketobutyric acid and 1.0% o 4-sulfocalixarene, stirring at 48 ℃ for dispersion modification for 45min at 240r/min, filtering, washing with deionized water until the washing solution is neutral, and drying to obtain acid-modified corn straw powder;
3) same as step 3 of example 3);
4) dissolving 90g of polyvinyl alcohol (with a weight-average molecular weight of 18000) and 10g of sodium alginate (200 +/-20 cps) in 3L of deionized water, heating to 98 ℃, and heating to dissolve for 2h to obtain a uniform solution; cooling to room temperature, adding 7.5g of the acid modified corn straw powder obtained in the step 2) and 3.5g of the aminated biochar obtained in the step 3), stirring and mixing for 45min at 90r/min, dropwise adding into a 1.5% calcium chloride solution with the volume 2 times that of the mixed solution within 2h, carrying out crosslinking reaction for 30h at 450r/min, washing with deionized water after separation until the washing solution is neutral, and soaking with deionized water to obtain a composite carrier;
5) same as step 5 of example 3).
Example 8: a compound microbial agent:
1) same as step 1) of example 3;
2) mixing 5g of soybean meal, 25g of bran, 25g of rice hull powder and 45g of tung wood shavings, crushing the mixture to 60 meshes, putting the mixture into 2L of aqueous solution containing 1.2 percent of alpha-ketobutyric acid and 1.0 thousandth of 4-sulfocalixarene, stirring the aqueous solution at the temperature of 48 ℃ for dispersion modification for 45min at the speed of 240r/min, filtering the aqueous solution, washing the aqueous solution with deionized water until the washing liquid is neutral, and drying the washing liquid to obtain acid modified powder;
3) same as step 3 of example 3);
4) dissolving 90g of polyvinyl alcohol (with weight-average molecular weight of 18000) and 10g of sodium alginate (200 +/-20 cps) in 3L of deionized water, heating to 98 ℃, and heating for dissolving for 2h to obtain a uniform solution; cooling to room temperature, adding 7.5g of the acid modified powder obtained in the step 2) and 3.5g of the aminated biochar obtained in the step 3), stirring and mixing for 45min at 90r/min, dropwise adding into 1.5% calcium chloride solution with 2 times of the volume of the mixed solution within 2h, carrying out crosslinking reaction for 30h at 450r/min, washing with deionized water after separation until the washing solution is neutral, and soaking with deionized water to obtain a composite carrier;
5) same as step 5 of example 3).
Example 9: a compound microbial agent:
1) same as step 1) of example 3;
2) taking 50g of 60-mesh dried poplar branch powder and 50g of 60-mesh dried poplar leaf powder, putting the powders into 2L of aqueous solution containing 1.5% of acetic acid and 1.0% per thousand of 4-sulfocalixarene, stirring and dispersing at the temperature of 48 ℃ for modification for 45min at 240r/min, filtering, washing with deionized water until the washing solution is neutral, and drying to obtain acid modified poplar powder;
3) same as step 3 of example 3);
4) same as step 4 of example 3);
5) same as step 5 of example 3).
Example 10: a compound microbial agent:
1) same as step 1) of example 3;
2) taking 50g of 60-mesh dried poplar branch powder and 50g of 60-mesh dried poplar leaf powder, putting the powders into 2L of aqueous solution containing 1.5% hydrochloric acid and 1.0% per mill 4-sulfocalixarene, stirring and dispersing at 48 ℃ for modification for 45min at 240r/min, filtering, washing with deionized water until the washing solution is neutral, and drying to obtain acid modified poplar powder;
3) same as step 3 of example 3);
4) same as step 4 of example 3);
5) same as step 5 of example 3).
Example 11: a compound microbial agent:
1) same as step 1) of example 3;
2) same as step 3 of example 3);
3) dissolving 90g of polyvinyl alcohol (with weight-average molecular weight of 18000) and 10g of sodium alginate (200 +/-20 cps) in 3L of deionized water, heating to 98 ℃, and heating for dissolving for 2h to obtain a uniform solution; cooling to room temperature, adding 3.75g of 60-mesh dried poplar branch powder, 3.75g of 60-mesh dried poplar leaf powder and 3.5g of the aminated charcoal obtained in the step 3), stirring and mixing at 90r/min for 45min, dropwise adding into 1.5% calcium chloride solution with 2 times of the volume of the mixed solution within 2h, performing crosslinking reaction at 450r/min for 30h, separating, washing with deionized water until the washing solution is neutral, and soaking with deionized water to obtain the composite carrier;
4) same as step 5 of example 3).
Example 12: a compound microbial agent:
1) same as step 1) of example 3;
2) same as step 2) of example 3;
3) taking dry reed of 40 meshes, heating to 440 ℃ at 8 ℃/min in a muffle furnace, and carbonizing for 2h to obtain reed biochar; washing with 15% hydrochloric acid and deionized water respectively, drying, soaking in a mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid in a volume ratio of 3:1 for 1.5h, cooling, stirring at 600r/min for 6h, filtering, drying to obtain acid-treated biochar, immersing in deionized water, adding industrial ammonia water (25%) 4 times the weight of the acid-treated biochar and sodium dithionate 2 times the weight of the acid-treated biochar, stirring at 600r/min for 6h, filtering, and drying to obtain aminated biochar;
4) same as step 4 of example 3);
5) same as step 5 of example 3).
Examples13: a compound microbial agent:
1) same as step 1) of example 3;
2) same as step 2) of example 3;
3) taking 40-mesh populus euphratica branches and leaves (weight ratio is 2:1) to be carbonized for 2 hours in a muffle furnace at the temperature of 8 ℃/min to 440 ℃, and obtaining populus euphratica charcoal;
4) dissolving 90g of polyvinyl alcohol (with weight-average molecular weight of 18000) and 10g of sodium alginate (200 +/-20 cps) in 3L of deionized water, heating to 98 ℃, and heating for dissolving for 2h to obtain a uniform solution; cooling to room temperature, adding 7.5g of the acid modified poplar powder obtained in the step 2) and 3.5g of the poplar biochar obtained in the step 3), stirring and mixing for 45min at 90r/min, dropwise adding into a 1.5% calcium chloride solution with the volume 2 times that of the mixed solution within 2h, carrying out crosslinking reaction for 30h at 450r/min, washing with deionized water after separation until the washing solution is neutral, and soaking with the deionized water to obtain the composite carrier;
5) same as step 5 of example 3).
Example 14: a compound microbial agent:
1) same as step 1) of example 3;
2) same as step 2) of example 3;
3) taking 40-mesh populus euphratica branches and leaves (weight ratio is 2:1) to be carbonized for 2 hours in a muffle furnace at the temperature of 8 ℃/min to 440 ℃, and obtaining populus euphratica charcoal; washing with 15% hydrochloric acid and deionized water respectively, drying, soaking in a mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid at a volume ratio of 3:1 for 1.5h, cooling, stirring at 600r/min for 6h, filtering, and drying to obtain acid-treated biochar;
4) dissolving 90g of polyvinyl alcohol (with weight-average molecular weight of 18000) and 10g of sodium alginate (200 +/-20 cps) in 3L of deionized water, heating to 98 ℃, and heating for dissolving for 2h to obtain a uniform solution; cooling to room temperature, adding 7.5g of the acid modified poplar powder obtained in the step 2) and 3.5g of the acid treated charcoal obtained in the step 3), stirring and mixing for 45min at a speed of 90r/min, dropwise adding the mixture into a 1.5% calcium chloride solution with a volume 2 times that of the mixed solution within 2h, carrying out crosslinking reaction for 30h at a speed of 450r/min, washing with deionized water after separation until the washing solution is neutral, and soaking with the deionized water to obtain the composite carrier;
5) same as step 5 of example 3).
Example 15: a compound microbial agent:
1) same as step 1) of example 3;
2) same as step 3 of example 3);
3) dissolving 90g of polyvinyl alcohol (with weight-average molecular weight of 18000) and 10g of sodium alginate (200 +/-20 cps) in 3L of deionized water, heating to 98 ℃, and heating for dissolving for 2h to obtain a uniform solution; cooling to room temperature, adding 3.5g of the aminated biochar obtained in the step 2), stirring and mixing for 45min at 90r/min, dropwise adding into 1.5% calcium chloride solution with 2 times of the volume of the mixed solution within 2h, carrying out crosslinking reaction for 30h at 450r/min, washing with deionized water after separation until the washing solution is neutral, and soaking in deionized water to obtain the composite carrier;
4) same as step 5 of example 3).
Example 16: a compound microbial agent:
1) same as step 1) of example 3;
2) same as step 2) of example 3;
3) dissolving 90g of polyvinyl alcohol (with weight-average molecular weight of 18000) and 10g of sodium alginate (200 +/-20 cps) in 3L of deionized water, heating to 98 ℃, and heating for dissolving for 2h to obtain a uniform solution; cooling to room temperature, adding 3.5g of the acid modified populus diversifolia powder obtained in the step 2), stirring and mixing for 45min at a speed of 90r/min, dropwise adding into a 1.5% calcium chloride solution with a volume 2 times that of the mixed solution within 2h, carrying out crosslinking reaction for 30h at a speed of 450r/min, washing with deionized water after separation until a washing solution is neutral, and soaking with deionized water to obtain the composite carrier;
4) same as step 5 of example 3).
Example 17: a compound microbial agent:
1) the preparation contains 2.5X 109cfu/mL Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 2.5X 109cfu/mL Pseudomonas azotoformans, 2.5X 109cfu/mL yeast and 2.5X 109Bacterial liquid of cfu/mL actinomycetes;
2) same as step 2) of example 3;
3) same as step 3 of example 3);
4) same as step 4 of example 3);
5) same as step 5 of example 3).
Example 18: a compound microbial agent:
1) the preparation contains 2.2X 109cfu/mL Pseudomonas flacci, 1.7X 109cfu/mL Pseudomonas brucei, 2.2X 109cfu/mL Pseudomonas wrinkle, 2.2X 109cfu/mL Yeast and 1.7X 109Bacterial liquid of cfu/mL actinomycetes;
2) same as step 2) of example 3;
3) same as step 3 of example 3);
4) same as step 4 of example 3);
5) same as step 5 of example 3).
Experimental example 1: detection of mechanical strength:
the compound microbial agents of the embodiments 1 to 16 are respectively used as detection objects, the mechanical strength of the compound microbial agents is detected, and the compound microbial agents are characterized by the breakage rate: respectively placing the composite microbial inoculum particles in a conical flask filled with 100mL of deionized water, placing the conical flask in a 120r/min shaking table, stirring and vibrating for 12h, taking out the conical flask, and recording the damage condition of the particles, wherein the ratio of the damaged particles to the initial particles is the damage rate. The breakage rate of each of the complex microbial agents of examples 1 to 16 was counted, and is shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the compound microbial inoculum obtained in the preferred embodiment of the application in examples 1-3 has good mechanical strength, and the corresponding inoculum breakage rate is not higher than 5%; as can be seen from examples 4 to 6, the structural strength of the composite microbial agent is obviously damaged when the addition amount of the 4-sulfocalixarene is too small or too much, so that the damage rate is obviously increased; in contrast to comparative examples 7 to 11, it can be seen that the mechanical strength of the final product composite microbial agent can be significantly affected by replacing poplar powder with corn straw powder, replacing poplar powder with a mixture of soybean meal, wheat bran, rice hull powder and tung wood shavings, performing acid modification with acetic acid or hydrochloric acid, or even not performing any acid modification, and the reactive groups on the surface of the wood powder cannot be enriched due to incomplete modification, so that the bonding strength is reduced, and the mechanical strength is reduced; in addition, in combination with examples 12 to 14, it can be seen that, similar to the acid modification of the wood powder, the thorough amination modification of the biochar has similar beneficial effects on the mechanical strength of the final product microbial inoculum; the microbial agents in examples 15 and 16, to which no acid-modified poplar powder or aminated biochar was added, were thus the lowest in mechanical strength; as can be seen from examples 7, 8 and 12, the selection of poplar branches and/or leaves to prepare acid-modified powders has a better effect of increasing the strength of immobilized microbial agents than the use of other plants, as compared to the use of aminated biochar, probably because the basic species of populus are more thoroughly modified.
Experimental example 2: and (3) detecting the adsorption rate:
respectively diluting each bacterial liquid adsorbed by the composite carrier in the embodiments 1 to 18 into an original volume, counting the residual bacterial concentration by a dilution method, and calculating the adsorption rate by combining the original bacterial concentration:
Figure BDA0003013319660000151
the results of counting the adsorption rates of the complex microbial agents of examples 1 to 18 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 adsorption statistics
Examples Original bacteria concentration/cfu mL-1 Residual bacteria concentration/cfu. mL-1 Adsorption rate/%)
1 1.05×1010 5.78×108 94.5
2 1.03×1010 5.82×108 94.3
3 1.0×1010 4.80×108 95.2
4 1.0×1010 1.54×109 84.6
5 1.0×1010 5.86×108 94.1
6 1.0×1010 2.07×109 79.3
7 1.0×1010 2.49×109 75.1
8 1.0×1010 2.44×109 75.6
9 1.0×1010 2.90×109 71.0
10 1.0×1010 2.96×109 70.4
11 1.0×1010 4.82×109 51.8
12 1.0×1010 2.15×109 78.5
13 1.0×1010 4.55×109 54.5
14 1.0×1010 4.28×109 57.2
15 1.0×1010 5.49×109 45.1
16 1.0×1010 5.74×109 42.6
17 1.0×1010 4.70×108 95.3
18 1.0×1010 5.00×108 95.0
As can be seen from Table 1, due to the modification of alpha-ketobutyric acid and 4-sulfocalixarene on populus euphratica branches and/or tree leaf powder and the amination modification on populus euphratica charcoal, the composite microbial agent obtained in the preferred embodiments of examples 1-3, 17 and 18 has excellent adsorption effect on microorganisms, the adsorption rate of the composite microbial agent is not lower than 94% under the condition of not adding any flocculant, and the data of examples 4-6 show that the influence on the adsorption rate of a carrier is large due to too little or no addition of 4-sulfocalixarene, and the corresponding adsorption rate of the composite microbial agent is not obviously improved when the addition amount of the 4-sulfocalixarene is increased to more than 1%, wherein the possible reasons are that the volume of the 4-sulfocalixarene group is large, and the excessive addition amount reacts to be unfavorable for the adsorption of microorganisms; in contrast, as can be seen from comparative analysis examples 7 to 16, no acid-modified poplar powder or aminated biochar is added to the carrier, the modification of the carriers is incomplete, and the poplar material is replaced, so that the adsorption rate of the obtained composite microbial agent on microorganisms is reduced to different degrees, and the composite microbial agent is inevitably not beneficial to further degrading the perishable garbage by utilizing the composite microbial agent.
Experimental example 3: and (3) treating perishable garbage:
selecting the same batch of perishable garbage, picking out nondegradable substances such as metal, fabric, plastic, glass, rubber, stones, ceramic and the like, wherein the perishable garbage mainly comprises melon peel and fruit shells, rice, flour products, meat, rotten vegetables, fish, broken bones and the like, has the water content of 77.4 percent and the organic matter moisture content of 73.8 +/-2.3 percent, crushing the materials to be 20-mesh sieved, placing the crushed materials in a degradation bin, adding 2kg of compound microbial agent into each ton of perishable garbage every 12 hours, ventilating once every 15 minutes, and carrying out aerobic degradation at normal temperature for 60 hours.
According to the treatment method, the composite microbial agents obtained in the embodiments 1 to 18 are respectively applied to aerobic degradation treatment of perishable garbage, unbroken composite microbial agents are screened out by a 20-mesh sieve after the aerobic degradation treatment is finished, the weight of the degradation bin and the perishable garbage before the microbial agents are added and the weight of the degradation bin and the perishable garbage after the microbial agents are screened out are combined, the reduction rate of the composite microbial agents in the embodiments 1 to 18 to the perishable garbage is counted,
Figure BDA0003013319660000161
the statistical results are shown in fig. 4. As can be seen from the graph of fig. 4, under the aerobic condition at normal temperature, the composite microbial degradation microbial inoculum in the preferred embodiments of examples 1 to 3 of the present application can rapidly degrade organic macromolecules in the perishable waste into micromolecular substances, and can achieve a reduction rate of not less than 90% in a short time, and the degradation products can be separately developed and utilized as organic fertilizers, thereby achieving low energy consumption conversion of the perishable waste. In addition, as can be seen from fig. 4, no acid-modified poplar powder or aminated biochar is added to the carrier, and the modification of the poplar powder or aminated biochar is incomplete, even the poplar material is replaced (examples 7 to 16), the degradation efficiency of the obtained composite microbial agent to perishable garbage is reduced to different degrees under the same conditions, the reduction trend of the composite microbial agent is basically consistent with the microbial adsorption rate, the reduction of the microbial adsorption amount tends to influence the degradation effect of the degrading microbial agent to perishable garbage, and the lower reduction rate of examples 9 and 10 can also show that the replacement of alpha-ketobutyric acid by acetic acid or hydrochloric acid is not favorable for the degradation effect of the degrading microbial agent to perishable garbage. In addition, although the composite microbial agents of examples 17 and 18 have high adsorption rates for microorganisms, the species of the microorganisms are reduced, and the reduction rate of the corresponding perishable wastes is greatly reduced; the inventor also carries out detection on the composite microbial agent after removing the bacillus amyloliquefaciens and/or the pseudomonas azotoformans and/or the pseudomonas yellowish and/or the pseudomonas brucei and/or the pseudomonas wrinkled and/or the saccharomycetes and the actinomycetes respectively under the same conditions to degrade the perishable garbage, and finds that the degradation effect of the microbial agent without the strains on the perishable garbage is reduced, and the corresponding reduction rate is different from 30-70%.
Example 19: a compound microbial agent:
1) same as step 1) of example 3;
2) same as step 2) of example 3);
3) same as step 3 of example 3);
4) dissolving 90g of polyvinyl alcohol (with weight-average molecular weight of 18000) and 10g of sodium alginate (200 +/-20 cps) in 3L of deionized water, heating to 98 ℃, and heating for dissolving for 2h to obtain a uniform solution; cooling to room temperature, adding 7.5g of the acid modified populus diversifolia powder obtained in the step 2), 3.5g of the populus diversifolia biochar obtained in the step 3) and calcium lactate, stirring and mixing at 90r/min for 45min, dropwise adding into a 1.5% calcium chloride solution with 2 times of the volume of the mixed solution within 2h, carrying out crosslinking reaction at 450r/min for 30h, washing with deionized water after separation until the washing solution is neutral, and soaking with deionized water to obtain the composite carrier;
5) same as step 5 of example 3).
Experimental example 5: removing odor:
the compound microbial agent obtained in example 19 was used for treating perishable waste by the same process as in example 3, and the odor removal effects of calcium lactate at different addition amounts on perishable waste before and after treatment were examined, respectivelySampling at a distance of 1m from the perishable garbage before and after treatment, sampling for three times to obtain an average value, and measuring NH3、H2S removal rate, NH3By sodium hypochlorite-salicylic acid spectrophotometry, H2S adopts an ammonium polyvinyl alcohol phosphate absorption-methylene blue colorimetric method, and the statistical result is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 odor removal statistics
Calcium lactate addition amount/g NH3Removal rate/%) H2S removal rate/%)
0 (i.e., example 3) 12.8 19.6
0.1 55.3 60.5
0.2 98.6 97.4
0.3 98.3 98.7
0.4 97.8 98.5
0.5 86.3 88.2
As can be seen from Table 2, the addition of a certain amount of calcium lactate during the preparation of the complex microbial inoculant is beneficial to reducing the concentration of off-flavor in the degradation process, and can reduce the NH content3And H2S has excellent removal effect, is friendly to operators and environment, and the addition amount of calcium lactate is preferably 0.2-0.4 g.
Experimental example 5: repeatedly applying the composite carrier;
the experiment of recycling the composite microbial agent obtained in the example 3 for degrading perishable garbage in the experimental example 3 shows that the washed composite carrier still has a primary recycling adsorption rate of 90.8% and a secondary recycling adsorption rate of 82.2%, which shows that the composite carrier has high recycling performance, can be applied to degradation of perishable garbage after being adsorbed by microorganisms again, and remarkably reduces the treatment cost; the composite microbial agents in examples 4-6 have insufficient mechanical strength and improved breakage rate due to excessive, too small or even no addition of 4-sulfocalixarene, and have a one-time regeneration adsorption rate of less than 60%, specifically 55.2% (example 4), 50.4% (example 5) and 58.0% (example 6), and no repeated application value.
Conventional techniques in the above embodiments are known to those skilled in the art, and therefore, will not be described in detail herein.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointed out novel features as applied to various embodiments, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the device or method illustrated may be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. In addition, the various features and methods described above may be used independently of one another, or may be combined in various ways. All possible combinations and sub-combinations are intended to fall within the scope of the present disclosure. Many of the embodiments described above include similar components, and thus, these similar components are interchangeable in different embodiments. While the invention has been disclosed in the context of certain embodiments and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. Accordingly, the invention is not intended to be limited by the specific disclosure of preferred embodiments herein.
The invention is not the best known technology.

Claims (5)

1. A compound microbial agent is characterized in that the compound microbial agent is composed of compound thalli and compound carriers,
the compound thallus consists of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, pseudomonas azotoformis, pseudomonas yellowish, pseudomonas brucei, pseudomonas winklensis, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes;
the composite carrier consists of polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, acid modified poplar powder, aminated biochar and a cross-linking agent;
the preparation method of the composite carrier comprises the following steps: dissolving polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate in a mass ratio of 7.5-9.5: 1 in a large amount of deionized water, heating to 95-98 ℃, and dissolving for 1-2 hours to obtain a uniform solution; cooling to room temperature, adding acid modified populus diversifolia powder and aminated charcoal, stirring and mixing for 30-45 min, dropwise adding into 1-2% calcium chloride solution, performing crosslinking reaction at 150-600 r/min for at least 24h, separating, washing with deionized water until the washing liquid is neutral, and soaking with deionized water to obtain the product;
the addition amount of the acid modified poplar powder is 5-8% of the total weight of the polyvinyl alcohol and the sodium alginate;
the preparation method of the acid modified populus diversifolia powder comprises the following steps: putting 60-mesh populus diversifolia powder into a sufficient amount of aqueous solution containing 0.8-1.0 thousandth of 4-sulfocalixarene, wherein the aqueous solution of the 4-sulfocalixarene contains 1-1.5% of alpha-ketobutyric acid, stirring at 45-50 ℃ for dispersion modification for 30-60 min at 120-300 r/min, filtering, washing with deionized water until washing liquor is neutral, and drying to obtain the product;
the addition amount of the aminated biochar is 2.5-4.0% of the total weight of the polyvinyl alcohol and the sodium alginate;
the preparation method of the aminated biochar comprises the following steps: immersing the populus diversifolia biochar after acid treatment with deionized water, adding industrial ammonia water with the weight being 3-5 times that of the biochar and sodium dithionate with the weight being 2-3 times that of the biochar, stirring for at least 5 hours at 450-900 r/min, filtering and drying to obtain aminated biochar;
the poplar biochar is obtained by taking 40-mesh poplar branches and/or leaves, heating the poplar branches and/or leaves to 350-500 ℃ at a speed of 5-10 ℃/min in a muffle furnace, and carbonizing the poplar branches and/or leaves for at least 1.5 h;
the treatment of the poplar biochar acid specifically comprises the following steps: washing the poplar biochar with 15% hydrochloric acid and deionized water respectively, drying, soaking in a mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid in a volume ratio of 2-4: 1 for 1-2 hours, cooling, stirring at 300-900 r/min for at least 5 hours, filtering, and drying to obtain the poplar biochar.
2. The complex microbial inoculant according to claim 1, wherein:
the composite bacteria is prepared by activating, expanding and culturing all strains and mixing the strains to obtain the total strain content of 1-2 multiplied by 1010cfu/mL bacterial liquid; and/or
The strain content difference among strains in the composite bacteria is not more than 50%.
3. The complex microbial inoculant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the preparation method of the complex microbial inoculant comprises:
1) preparing total strain content of 1-2 multiplied by 1010cfu/mL bacterial liquid;
2) adding 320-400 g/L of composite carrier into the bacterial liquid obtained in the step 1), fully mixing, standing for 12-36 h, and filtering to obtain the microbial inoculum.
4. Use of the composite microbial inoculant of any one of claims 1 to 3 for aerobic degradation of perishable waste at ambient temperature.
5. A method of treating perishable waste, comprising:
1) picking out non-degradable substances from the perishable garbage, crushing the perishable garbage to pass through a 20-mesh sieve, and placing the crushed perishable garbage in a degradation bin;
2) adding 1.0-2.5 kg of the compound microbial agent as defined in any one of claims 1-3 to each ton of perishable garbage per 12h, and carrying out aerobic degradation at normal temperature for 48-72 h.
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