CN113275478A

CN113275478A - Method for forming tableware and deburring die

Info

Publication number: CN113275478A
Application number: CN202110430059.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 拉尔斯·阿尔姆布拉德
Original assignee: Ikea Supply AG
Current assignee: Inter Ikea Systems BV
Priority date: 2014-07-04
Filing date: 2015-07-03
Publication date: 2021-08-20
Also published as: RU2692139C2; RU2017101001A3; WO2016003362A1; EP3164232A1; EP3164232A4; US20170157663A1; RU2017101001A; JP2017524533A; KR20170041689A; EP3164232B1; CN106660104A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for forming tableware and a deburring die. In one aspect, a method of forming a piece of cutlery is provided, the method comprising blanking an outer periphery of pre-finished cutlery blank material in one or more blanking strokes, and forming a radius on an edge of the piece of cutlery by pressing the blanked piece of cutlery into a tool having a radius surface to form the radius of the edge.

Description

Method for forming tableware and deburring die

This application is a divisional application of an application having an international application date of 3/7/2015, a national application number of 201580036073.9 (international application number of PCT/SE2015/050790), and an invention name of "method for producing tableware and tableware blanking tool".

Technical Field

The invention relates to the production of tableware. The invention relates to a method for producing cutlery and to a blanking tool for producing cutlery.

Background

Current cutlery is typically made in multiple steps, including blanking, trimming and grinding. The edging step and the grinding step are generally performed a plurality of times between the other steps. Each cutlery piece is usually made by blanking a stainless steel metal plate.

In the blanking step, a first part of the cut of the cutlery blank will be relatively sharp and the following part will be relatively rough. This is a well-known phenomenon and is due to the fact that the first part in the shearing process is actually the shearing process and the second part is the tearing process. The rough surface formed by the tearing process will have to be ground to a considerable extent. Typically, there is a gap between 10% and 15% between the blanking tool and the piece of cutlery of the final size. Therefore, trimming must be performed to obtain the final tableware. For tableware, stainless steel is generally used. During each edging and grinding step, the material is heated. Such heating can affect the material, releasing chromium from the stainless steel. This will weaken the rust protection of the finished dishware.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, there is a need for a production method for cutlery as follows: the method reduces the risk of rusting on the tableware during normal use. Furthermore, there is a need for a production method for cutlery as follows: the tableware production method is more accurate than the currently used method and is suitable for the industrial production of tableware at high speed, thereby being suitable for the mass production of tableware.

In the method according to the invention, it is still possible to use the same press as is currently used for blanking cutlery. The blanking is performed in a so-called hybrid fine blanking tool (hybrid fine blanking tool). In blanking tools, guide blocks are used to keep the movement in the tool stable. Thereby, the clearance between the blanking tool and the final size cutlery piece may be reduced to between 0.1% and 2.0%, preferably to between 0.2% and 1.5%, more preferably to about 0.5%. The method of the invention can be used without any anvil (anvil). The amount of material used in the method of the invention is less than in the known fine blanking method, since in the known fine blanking method the holding means will require more material for holding. By keeping the metal sheet forming the cutlery during the actual blanking, the shearing will be a complete cutting process with no or little tearing. Thus, the problem that a part of the shearing is a tearing process is avoided. It is necessary to keep the metal sheet fixed to the die during blanking. Those skilled in the art will recognize that different means may be used to hold the metal plate. In the embodiment shown in the figures, the metal plate is held at the die by a spring-loaded holder.

In a first step of the invention, pieces or blanks of cutlery can be punched out of the pre-polished material. In some embodiments, the outer periphery of the cutlery blank is punched out by means of a punching stroke. In other embodiments, the outer periphery of the cutlery blank is punched out by two or more punching strokes. In each such blanking stroke, a portion of the outer circumference of the cutlery blank is blanked. In an optional second step, a radius is formed on the edge to prevent sharp edges and burrs. Thereby, the grinding and/or polishing step is minimal. In a second step, the item of cutlery is pressed into a tool with a rounded surface to form a rounding of the edge of the item of cutlery. In an optional third step, the piece of cutlery is given a three-dimensional shape. Steps after the third step may include final polishing, cleaning, quality control and packaging.

In the method of the invention, pieces of cutlery are produced using fewer steps than in conventional methods of manufacturing cutlery. Fewer steps means that less time is spent producing each item of cutlery and less time will reduce costs. Fewer steps also means better quality since less grinding and less burnishing can be performed, thereby releasing less chromium from the stainless steel. The number of steps in the method of the present application is about half of the number of steps in conventional tableware production, as compared to conventional tableware production. The method according to the invention may be a method for producing cutlery without grinding.

In one embodiment, the through-holes and/or notches in the cutlery are punched out before the outer periphery of the cutlery is punched out. An advantage of this embodiment is that the through-holes and/or recesses can be arranged in the cutlery and be an integral part of the stamping process. The through-hole may for example be used to enable the cutlery to be stored by hanging. The through holes may also be used for other purposes, such as for improving the stamping step of the final cutlery. The recess may for example be used for producing tines of a fork.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the following detailed description of the various embodiments of the invention.

Drawings

The invention will now be further described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings:

fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a cutlery blanking tool, which may be used with the method of the present invention,

figures 2A to 2E are partially cut-away perspective views of the cutlery blanking tool of figure 1 and show different production steps,

figure 3A is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III of figure 2D,

FIG. 3B is a detailed view of a portion of FIG. 3A, an

Fig. 4A to 4E are a perspective view and a sectional view, respectively, of the deburring die and show different production steps.

Detailed Description

The blanking or production of one type of cutlery is shown in the specific figures. The skilled person will realize that the principle of blanking and producing cutlery is the same regardless of the type of cutlery to be produced.

The expression "cutlery" used in the present description refers to table knives or table utensils (tableware) and includes knives, spoons and forks.

The expressions "upper", "lower" and similar expressions used in this description are in view of the normal orientation of the cutlery blanking and shaping tool.

The illustrated embodiment of one example of a cutlery blanking tool comprises three basic components. The parts are an upper part in the form of a punch 1, an intermediate part in the form of a holder 2 and a lower part in the form of a die 3.

The cutlery blanking tool will be used in a conventional press for blanking cutlery. Since the present invention is not directed to such presses and since the function of such presses is known to the skilled person, the press will not be further described here.

The punch 1 comprises four guide pins 4 positioned adjacent to the corners of the punch 1. The punch 1 further comprises two guide blocks 5. The guide pins 4 and guide blocks 5 serve to guide the punch 1 unambiguously with respect to the other parts of the cutlery cutting tool. Furthermore, the punch 1 comprises a first blanking part 6, which first blanking part 6 is adapted to form a knife in the embodiment shown. When producing a fork or a spoon, the shape of the blanking part will correspond to the shape of the particular fork or spoon. The first blanking part 6 protrudes from the punch 1 on the side facing the holder 2 and the die 3. The punch 1 comprises a further or second blanking part 7, which second blanking part 7 is used when blanking the recess. The number of blanking

parts

6, 7 of the punch 1 can vary depending on the design of the piece of cutlery to be produced. The punch 1 may thus have one or

more blanking parts

6, 7. In other embodiments, only one blanking part is provided, which has a basic portion in the general shape of the actual piece of cutlery to be produced and also one or more further blanking parts protruding from said basic portion. The further blanking part serves to form an opening and/or a recess of the cutlery item.

The holder 2 has an opening 8 for the guide pin 4 of the punch 1 and a guide opening 9 for the guide block 5 of the punch 1. The holder 2 also has

openings

10, 11 for the blanking

parts

6, 7 of the punch 1. All

openings

8, 9, 10, 11 of the holder 2 are through holes.

The die 3 comprises an opening 12 for the guide pin 4 of the punch 1 and a guide opening 13 for the guide block 5 of the punch 1. Furthermore, the die 3 comprises

openings

14, 15 for the blanking

parts

6, 7 of the punch 1. The die 3 further comprises a guide 16 for the material of the cutlery to be blanked.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that the cutlery blanking tools differ slightly depending on the type of cutlery to be produced.

In use, as shown in fig. 2A, a metal sheet 17 is placed on the die 3, whereby the blanking

parts

6, 7 of the punch 1 are advanced downwards into the

openings

14, 15 of the die 3, thereby cutting off a portion 18 of the metal sheet 17 corresponding to the shape of the blanking

parts

6, 7. During the blanking movement, the punch 1 is precisely guided by the guide blocks received in the guide openings 9 of the holder 2 and the guide openings 13 of the die 3, respectively. In a first part of the movement, the punch 1 and the holder 2 are moved together as a unit towards the die 3 until the holder 2 hits the metal sheet 17 placed on the die 3. The punch 1 will then continue its downward movement and will move relative to the holder 2 and the die 3. The punch 1 will move downwards until the punch 1 cuts through the metal sheet 17 held between the die 3 and the holder 2. The cut-out

portions

18, 20 will fall out of the

openings

14, 15 of the mould 3.

During the first part of the blanking movement, the distance between the punch 1 and the holder 2 is kept fixed by a spring (not shown) or the like placed between the punch 1 and the holder 2. The spring is compressed in the final part of the blanking movement, in which the holder 2 will abut the metal plate 17. Thus, the force of the punch 1 will exceed the force of the means for maintaining the distance between the punch 1 and the holder 2. As set forth in the summary above, the metal plate 17 may be held at the mold 3 by other means than the above-described holder. It is important that the metal sheet 17 remains fixed at the die 3 during the actual blanking.

The distance of movement of the punch 1 during the final part of the blanking movement exceeds the thickness of the metal sheet 17. As indicated above, during said final part of the blanking movement, there is no movement between the holder 2 and the die 3. The movement of the punch 1 is stopped because the punch 1 hits the holder 2. The height at which the

respective blanking member

6, 7 protrudes from the punch 1 exceeds the sum of the thickness of the metal sheet 17 and the height of the

opening

10, 11 of the holder 2 for receiving said blanking

member

6, 7. In one embodiment, the stroke length of the punch 1 in the blanking step is about 10 mm.

The steps of the illustrated embodiment using the cutlery blanking tool will now be described with reference to fig. 2A to 2E.

In fig. 2A, an arrangement of cutlery blanking tools is shown. As indicated by the arrow, the protruding part of the punch 1 will be pushed into the holder 2.

In fig. 2B, a first step is shown, in which the metal sheet 17 has been pushed into position for punching out the first cut-out 18. In this position, therefore, the metal sheet 17 is placed to cover only one of the

openings

14, 15 of the die 2 to receive the blanking

parts

6, 7 of the punch. As indicated above, one main blanking part may be provided with one or more other blanking parts protruding from the main blanking part. In the blanking step, the holder 2 is first stopped by hitting the metal plate 17, while the punch 1 continues to move relative to the holder 2. The punch 1 will continue to move downwards until the punch 1 hits the holder 2, in which position one of the blanking parts 7 will pass through the metal sheet 17, whereby a through hole 19 is formed in the metal sheet 17. In the production of the fork, the tines of the fork are also formed by a further blanking part, which may be separate from or part of the main blanking part.

In the next step, as shown in fig. 2C, the holder 2 and the punch 1 are moved upward. In the upward movement, the holder 2 and the punch 1 will be lifted from the metal plate 17 and the punch 1 and the holder 2 will be separated by a distance exceeding the thickness of the metal plate 17 by means of a spring or the like. When the metal plate 17 is not affected by the holder 2, the metal plate 17 will be pushed further into the cutlery blanking tool. The metal plate 17 is moved a certain distance in the following manner: in such a way that the previously formed through hole 19 is placed above the opening of the blanking part 6 in the shape of a knife.

In the next step, as shown in fig. 2D, the punch 1 and the holder 2 travel downward again until the holder 2 collides against the metal plate 17. The punch 1 will then continue to move downwards, whereby the blanking

parts

6, 7 of the punch 1 will penetrate the metal sheet 17. In the illustrated embodiment, a knife blank 20 is stamped from the metal sheet 17, the knife blank 20 including the previously formed through hole 19.

Subsequently, the holder 2 and the punch 1 are lifted from the metal plate 17 again, after which the metal plate 17 is pushed further into the cutlery blanking tool. The steps described above for producing the cutlery are then repeated. As indicated above, the general production steps described in connection with fig. 2A to 2E in connection with the production of knives may also be applied to the production of forks and/or scoops according to similar principles.

In fig. 3A and 3B, the end of the blanking stroke is shown, at which the blanking part 6 of the punch 1 has passed through the metal sheet 17, forming a knife blank 20. As shown in fig. 3B, there is a gap x between the blanking part 6 and the die 3.

In one embodiment, the metal plate 17 used has a thickness between 2mm and 6.0 mm. Typically, the metal plate 17 for the knife is thicker than the metal plate 17 for the fork and spoon. Since the metal sheet 17 remains stationary during the actual blanking and the movement of the punch 1 is precisely guided, the clearance x between the blanking

parts

6, 7 of the punch 1 and the

openings

12, 13 of the die 3 cooperating with said blanking

parts

6, 7, as shown in fig. 3B, can be small. In one embodiment, the clearance x between each opening 14, 15 of the die 3 for receiving the blanking

parts

6, 7 of the punch 1 and the corresponding blanking

part

6, 7 is 0.01 mm. In other embodiments, the clearance x between each opening 14, 15 of the die 3 for receiving the blanking

parts

6, 7 of the punch 1 and the corresponding blanking

part

6, 7 may be between 0.008mm and 0.05mm, and preferably between 0.01mm and 0.03 mm.

After blanking, the cut blank of the cutlery is deburred by: the knife blank 20 is placed in a deburring die. The deburring die comprises an upper part 21 and a lower part 22. The upper part 21 has a mould cavity 23 and the lower part 22 has a corresponding mould cavity 24. Between the bottom or top and the respective side of each

mould cavity

23, 24 there is a rounding 25. In use, as shown in fig. 4A, knife blank 20 is placed in one of the

mold cavities

23, 24. At this stage, the knife blank 20 has a straight edge, as shown in fig. 4B. Then, as shown in fig. 4C, the upper part 21 and the lower part 22 of the deburring die are pressed together, whereby the edges of the knife blank 20 will get a rounding corresponding to the rounding 25 of the

respective die cavity

23, 24 as shown in fig. 4E. Then, the upper part 21 and the lower part 21 are separated from each other and the knife blank 20 is removed, as shown in fig. 4D. The scoop and fork may also be deburred in a manner corresponding to that described above for the knife.

The next step is the final three-dimensional shaping of the cutlery pieces. The final three-dimensional shaping of pieces of cutlery is a well-known technique. The final three-dimensional shaping of the cutlery pieces is usually performed using shaping tools comprising a punch and a die. It is also known to use hot forging methods to give pieces of cutlery a three-dimensional form.

After final forming, the tableware is subjected to polishing, cleaning, quality control and packaging.

Claims

1. A method of forming a piece of cutlery, the method comprising blanking the periphery of pre-polished cutlery blank material in one or more blanking strokes and forming a radius of an edge of the piece of cutlery by pressing the blanked piece of cutlery into a tool having a radius surface to form a radius of the edge so as to form a radius on the edge.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the outer periphery of the cutlery blank is blanked out by a single blanking stroke.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the outer periphery of the cutlery blank is blanked by two or more blanking strokes.

4. The method of any preceding claim, further comprising imparting a three-dimensional shape to the piece of cutlery after the step of forming a fillet on an edge.

5. The method of any of claims 1-3, further comprising at least one of: final polishing, cleaning, quality control and packaging.

6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the item of cutlery is a knife, a spoon or a fork.

7. A deburring die for use with a method according to any preceding claim, comprising an upper part and a lower part, wherein said upper part has a die cavity and said lower part has a corresponding die cavity, wherein there is a rounding between the bottom or top of each die cavity and the respective side.

8. The deburring die of claim 7, wherein said upper component and said lower component are configured to be pressed together and separated individually.