CN113275380A - Magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material and preparation process thereof - Google Patents

Magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material and preparation process thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113275380A
CN113275380A CN202110367029.3A CN202110367029A CN113275380A CN 113275380 A CN113275380 A CN 113275380A CN 202110367029 A CN202110367029 A CN 202110367029A CN 113275380 A CN113275380 A CN 113275380A
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magnesium
aluminum alloy
composite material
spraying
plate
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CN113275380B (en
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刘海平
程锐
王明跃
熊雯瑛
曾刚
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Aerospace Science and Industry Changsha New Materials Research Institute Co Ltd
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Changsha New Material Industry Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
    • B21B45/0269—Cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/04—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B47/00—Auxiliary arrangements, devices or methods in connection with rolling of multi-layer sheets of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/017—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy, another layer being formed of an alloy based on a non ferrous metal other than aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0278—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F17/00—Multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by subclass C21D or C22F or class C25
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
    • B21B2001/383—Cladded or coated products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
    • B21B2003/001—Aluminium or its alloys

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  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material and a preparation process thereof, S1, material preparation, wherein the surface of a magnesium alloy plate to be compounded is sprayed; carrying out surface treatment on one side of the aluminum alloy plate to be compounded to ensure that the surface is free of oxides, oil stains and impurities; s2, after the surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate to be compounded are attached, the whole is simply compounded and fixed; s3, preheating in a furnace, and hot rolling for multiple times to obtain a composite material with a target thickness; and S4, carrying out thermal diffusion annealing treatment on the rolled plate. Plasma spraying is selected to treat the surface of the magnesium alloy, the oxide layer on the surface of the magnesium alloy is directly removed under the spraying action, and the process for removing the oxide layer on the surface of the magnesium alloy is optimized; the aluminum melt at high temperature is sputtered onto the magnesium alloy plate at high speed and is fused with part of the magnesium alloy plate to form metallurgical bonding, and the infiltration at high temperature forms strong bonding.

Description

Magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material and preparation process thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparation of high-bonding-strength magnesium/aluminum alloy composite materials, in particular to a high-bonding-strength magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material and a preparation rolling process.
Background
The magnesium alloy known as the green engineering material in the 21 st century has the advantages of low density, high specific strength/specific rigidity, good heat conduction and heat dissipation performance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, weaponry and the like. However, the magnesium alloy has poor corrosion resistance and single surface protection process, and under the condition of severe working environment, the protection of the magnesium alloy cannot meet the requirement, but only the aluminum alloy can be selected. At present, equipment is developed towards the discovery of light weight, particularly in the field of aerospace, the weight reduction can be calculated by grams, and the demand for weight reduction is extremely urgent. At present, the shearing strength of the domestic magnesium/aluminum alloy composite board can only be 20-30MPa generally, and the requirements of the fields of weaponry, aerospace and the like are difficult to meet.
The Chinese invention patent with the application number of 201911075485.X discloses a magnesium/aluminum composite plate rolling and compounding method, wherein 1-series aluminum alloy with the thickness of 0.2-0.5mm is added between a magnesium alloy plate and an aluminum alloy plate for hot compounding rolling, so that the fracture tendency of the magnesium alloy plate in the rolling process is reduced, and the material utilization rate is improved; but the bonding strength between the aluminum alloy and the magnesium alloy is insufficient. The Chinese patent with application number 201910396674.0 discloses a method for improving the interface bonding strength of an aluminum-magnesium composite plate, which comprises the steps of uniformly spraying metal powder (one of copper powder, erbium powder and ytterbium powder) on the surface of an aluminum alloy plate or a magnesium alloy plate to increase the surface roughness of the plate, so that aluminum and magnesium metals are more easily meshed in the rolling process to form a firm connection interface; meanwhile, the metal powder reacts with aluminum and magnesium elements through diffusion in the thermal deformation process of rolling, so that the growth of intermetallic compounds is effectively prevented, and the bonding strength of the aluminum alloy plate and the magnesium alloy plate is further improved. However, the cost of the metal powder in the scheme is high, the requirement on the granularity of the metal powder exists, and the complex composite process is caused; and the metal powder can not be combined with the aluminum alloy plate and the magnesium alloy plate in a better depth in an air flow spraying mode, and the combination strength of the aluminum alloy plate and the magnesium alloy plate has limitation. In addition, the chinese patent with application number 202011168926.3 discloses an aluminum matrix composite and a method for preparing the same, wherein a transition layer of zinc or zinc oxide is plasma sprayed on the surface of an aluminum layer raw material, and then hot rolling compounding is performed. However, the zinc/zinc oxide transition layer is brittle, the aluminum-manganese alloy layer and the aluminum layer are not substantially bonded through the transition layer, and the composite material cannot meet the requirement for light weight.
In summary, it is necessary to provide a new preparation process of magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material to meet the current requirements for light weight, good corrosion resistance and high bonding strength.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material and the preparation process thereof, and after the aluminum alloy plate and the magnesium alloy plate are hot-rolled and compounded, the magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material has good bonding strength and better lightweight and corrosion resistance.
The invention relates to a preparation process of a magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material with high bonding strength, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a material, namely spraying the surface of the magnesium alloy plate to be compounded;
carrying out surface treatment on one side of the aluminum alloy plate to be compounded to ensure that the surface is free of oxides, oil stains and impurities;
s2, after the surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate to be compounded are attached, the whole is simply compounded and fixed;
s3, preheating in a furnace, and hot rolling for multiple times to obtain a composite material with a target thickness;
and S4, carrying out thermal diffusion annealing treatment on the rolled plate.
Further, the thickness ratio of the magnesium alloy plate to the aluminum alloy plate is greater than 1.
Further, in step S1, the magnesium alloy surface is sprayed by plasma spraying, the magnesium plate is subjected to one or more surface treatments of sand blasting, shot blasting, mechanical sand removal or solution soaking to ensure that the surface is clean and free of oxidation, and finally, a layer of pure aluminum with a thickness of 50-100 μm is sprayed on the magnesium alloy surface by plasma spraying.
Specifically, the magnesium alloy plate is preheated to 100-200 ℃ before the spraying treatment. The preheating mode is resistance heating.
Further, before plasma spraying, vacuumizing to the vacuum degree of 9-10Mpa, and then spraying by using inert gas. Preferably, the inert gas is argon.
Furthermore, in order to improve the bonding force between the coating and the magnesium alloy plate and the bonding force between the coating and the aluminum alloy plate in the subsequent rolling process in the plasma spraying process, the coating with the thickness of 50-100 mu m in the spraying process is carried out by two processes. The coating with the first 20-30 mu m is selected by a spraying process with the power of 35-45kW, the spraying distance of 110-130mm and the main air flow of 35-45L/min; the coating with the rear diameter of 30-100 mu m is sprayed by a spraying process with the power of 30-40kW, the spraying distance of 90-110mm and the main air flow of 35-4540L/min. And calculating the spraying time according to the spraying speed by different spraying thicknesses to carry out spraying construction.
Preferably, the main gas flow is 40L/min.
Specifically, the surface roughness of the coating layer of the rear 30-100 μm is 20-40 μm.
Specifically, in step S1, the aluminum alloy plate surface treatment includes one or more of sand blasting, shot blasting, mechanical sand removal, or solution soaking.
Further specifically, the magnesium alloy includes any one of wrought magnesium alloys of AZ31, AZ42, and ZK61, and the aluminum alloy includes any one of wrought aluminum alloys of series 1, series 5, and series 6.
Further, in step S2, the simple composite process includes any one of welding, pin/rivet bonding, and mechanical fitting.
Further, in step S3, the preheating temperature in the furnace is 340-.
Further, in step S3, the pass rolling reduction of the multi-pass hot rolling is 50-80%, the rolling speed is 7-15m/min, the hot rolling temperature is 360-480 ℃, and the heat preservation time between passes is 10-60 min.
Further, in the step S4, the thermal diffusion annealing temperature is 220-360 ℃, the annealing time is 1-4h, the deformation stress of the plate in the rolling process is eliminated, and meanwhile, the mutual diffusion between magnesium and aluminum is facilitated by annealing at high temperature, so that the bonding strength of the composite material is improved.
A magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material is prepared by any one of the preparation processes.
The magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material with high bonding strength is prepared by spraying and hot rolling the surface of the magnesium alloy, and can meet the requirements of light weight, corrosion resistance and high bonding strength on products. The advantages are that:
1. plasma spraying is selected to treat the surface of the magnesium alloy, the oxide layer on the surface of the magnesium alloy is directly removed under the spraying action, and the process for removing the oxide layer on the surface of the magnesium alloy is optimized; the high-temperature aluminum melt is sputtered onto the magnesium alloy plate at high speed and is fused with part of the magnesium alloy plate to form metallurgical bonding, the high-temperature penetration effect forms strong bonding, a pure aluminum layer is formed on the surface of the magnesium alloy, the composited surface of the magnesium alloy is well protected from being oxidized in the hot rolling process, the influence of magnesium oxide on the bonding strength is removed, meanwhile, the sprayed pure aluminum and the aluminum alloy can be well welded in the hot rolling process, and the bonding strength of the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy is further improved.
2. Different spraying processes are selected in the thermal spraying process, and the coating with the diameter of 20-30 mu m in the front has the characteristics of low porosity, high compactness and strong binding force, is favorable for improving the binding force between the coating and the magnesium substrate, and can ensure the binding force of a magnesium layer of a subsequently rolled composite plate; the coating layer with the thickness of 30-100 mu m has the characteristics of high porosity and large surface roughness, and can effectively improve the contact surface joint and physical embedding point of a joint surface in the rolling process of the aluminum alloy plate, thereby being beneficial to the combination of the magnesium plate and the aluminum plate in the rolling process and further improving the joint strength of the composite plate.
3. The magnesium/aluminum alloy is selected for compounding, the thickness of a magnesium layer in the composite material is controlled to be larger than that of an aluminum layer, and the density of the composite board can be controlled to be 2.2g/cm3The weight of the product is only 77.8 percent of that of the aluminum alloy product with the same volume, the product quality can be obviously reduced, and the requirement of light weight is met.
4. The aluminum alloy surface of the composite material is selected as the appearance surface of the part (or product), the surface decoration performance of the part (or product) can be improved through surface treatment such as anodic oxidation and the like, meanwhile, the magnesium alloy with light weight is protected inside, the corrosion resistance of the part (or product) can be improved, and all the surface treatment which can be carried out by the aluminum alloy can be used on the surface of the composite material to improve the protection performance of the material.
5. The magnesium/aluminum composite material with high bonding strength is prepared, the characteristics of light weight and corrosion resistance are realized on the product, the magnesium/aluminum composite material can be applied to high-end fields such as aerospace, weaponry and the like, and higher cost performance can be brought to subsequent products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sample preparation diagram of a composite board for shear strength test.
Wherein, the alloy comprises 1-magnesium alloy and 2-aluminum alloy.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In the embodiment, 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31 magnesium alloy plates are selected for compounding. Carrying out plasma spraying treatment on one surface of an AZ31 magnesium alloy plate with the thickness of 10 multiplied by 200 multiplied by 300mm, wherein the spraying process with the power of 38kW, the spraying distance of 115mm and the main gas flow rate of 40L/min is adopted for the coating with the thickness of the first 25 mu m; the coating with the thickness of the later 35 mu m is sprayed with a layer of pure aluminum with the thickness of 60um by a spraying process with the power of 40kW, the spraying distance of 100mm and the main gas flow rate of 40L/min; 5X 200X 300mm 5052 alloy plate is sand blasted to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface of the plate. And riveting and combining the treated magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate by 5052 aluminum alloy. And (3) putting the riveted plate into a heating furnace, and preserving heat for 1h at 360 ℃. Hot rolling is carried out, the reduction is 50%, the rolling speed is 8m/min, the plate subjected to the first hot rolling is subjected to heat preservation at 360 ℃ for 15min, and then the plate is subjected to the second hot rolling to be about 3.5mm thick. And keeping the temperature at 260 ℃ for 2h for thermal diffusion annealing treatment.
Example 2
In the embodiment, 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ42 magnesium alloy plates are selected for compounding. Carrying out plasma spraying treatment on one surface of an AZ42 magnesium alloy plate with the thickness of 10 multiplied by 200 multiplied by 300mm, wherein the spraying process with the power of 40kW, the spraying distance of 120mm and the main gas flow rate of 40L/min is adopted for the coating with the thickness of 30 mu m; the coating with the thickness of 40 mu m is sprayed with a layer of pure aluminum with the thickness of 70um by a spraying process with the power of 40kW, the spraying distance of 110mm and the main gas flow rate of 40L/min; 5X 200X 300mm 5052 alloy plate is sand blasted to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface of the plate. And riveting and combining the treated magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate by 5052 aluminum alloy. Placing the riveted plate into a heating furnace, and preserving heat for 1h at 400 ℃; hot rolling is carried out, the reduction is 60%, the rolling speed is 12m/min, the plate subjected to the first hot rolling is subjected to heat preservation at 400 ℃ for 15min, and then the plate is subjected to the second hot rolling to the thickness of about 1.6 mm. And keeping the temperature at 260 ℃ for 2h for thermal diffusion annealing treatment.
Example 3
In the embodiment, 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31 magnesium alloy plates are selected for compounding. Carrying out plasma spraying treatment on one surface of an AZ31 magnesium alloy plate with the thickness of 20 multiplied by 200mm, wherein the spraying process with the power of 40kW, the spraying distance of 125mm and the main gas flow rate of 40L/min is adopted for the coating with the thickness of 25 mu m; the coating with the thickness of the later 35 mu m is sprayed with a layer of pure aluminum with the thickness of 60um by a spraying process with the power of 40kW, the spraying distance of 105mm and the main gas flow rate of 40L/min; the surface of a 5052 alloy plate with the thickness of 10 multiplied by 200mm is subjected to sand blasting treatment to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface of the plate. And riveting and combining the treated magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate by 5052 aluminum alloy. Placing the riveted plate into a heating furnace, and preserving heat for 1h at 420 ℃; hot rolling was carried out at a rolling reduction of 75% and a rolling speed of 10m/min to a thickness of about 7.5 mm. And keeping the temperature at 260 ℃ for 2h for thermal diffusion annealing treatment.
Example 4
In the example, 6061 aluminum alloy and AZ61 magnesium alloy plates are selected for compounding. Carrying out plasma spraying treatment on one surface of an AZ61 magnesium alloy plate with the thickness of 10 multiplied by 200mm, wherein the spraying process with the power of 45kW, the spraying distance of 120mm and the main gas flow rate of 40L/min is adopted for the coating with the thickness of 30 mu m; spraying a layer of pure aluminum with the thickness of 90um on the surface of the coating with the thickness of 60 mu m by a spraying process with the power of 40kW, the spraying distance of 100mm and the main gas flow rate of 40L/min; the surface of a 6061 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 5 multiplied by 200mm is subjected to sand blasting treatment, and impurities and oil stains on the surface of the plate are removed. And riveting and combining the treated magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate by using 6061 aluminum alloy. Placing the riveted plate into a heating furnace, and preserving heat for 1h at 450 ℃; hot rolling is carried out until the rolling reduction is 65 percent and the rolling speed is 8m/min and the thickness is about 3.5 mm. And keeping the temperature at 280 ℃ for 2h for thermal diffusion annealing treatment.
Comparative example 1
In the embodiment, 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31 magnesium alloy plates are selected for compounding. The surfaces of the AZ31 magnesium alloy plate with the thickness of 10 multiplied by 200 multiplied by 300mm and the 5052 alloy plate with the thickness of 5 multiplied by 200 multiplied by 300mm are subjected to sand blasting treatment, and impurities and oil stains on the surfaces of the plates are removed. And riveting and combining the treated magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate by 5052 aluminum alloy. Placing the riveted plate into a heating furnace, and preserving heat for 1h at 360 ℃; hot rolling is carried out, the reduction is 50%, the rolling speed is 8m/min, the plate subjected to the first hot rolling is subjected to heat preservation at 360 ℃ for 15min, and then the plate is subjected to the second hot rolling to be about 3.5mm thick. And keeping the temperature at 260 ℃ for 2h for thermal diffusion annealing treatment.
As shown in FIG. 1, the bonding strength of the magnesium/aluminum composite materials prepared in the examples and comparative examples was tested by the unified test, and the shear strength of the composite sheet was tested by the test standard GB/T6396-2008, and Table 1 shows the room-temperature shear strength of the composite sheets prepared in the examples and comparative examples.
TABLE 1 shear Strength at Room temperature of composite sheet
Examples Shear strength/MPa
Example 1 65
Example 2 67
Example 3 62
Example 4 65
Comparative example 1 25

Claims (10)

1. A preparation process of a magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a material, namely spraying the surface of the magnesium alloy plate to be compounded;
carrying out surface treatment on one side of the aluminum alloy plate to be compounded to ensure that the surface is free of oxides, oil stains and impurities;
s2, after the surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate to be compounded are attached, the whole is simply compounded and fixed;
and S3, placing the material into a furnace for preheating, and then carrying out hot rolling to obtain the composite material with the target thickness.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the magnesium alloy surface is sprayed by plasma spraying, the magnesium plate is subjected to one or more surface treatments selected from sand blasting, shot blasting, mechanical sand removal or solution soaking to ensure the surface is clean and free of oxidation, and finally, the plasma spraying is performed to spray a layer of pure aluminum with a thickness of 50-100 μm on the magnesium alloy surface.
3. The process for preparing a magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 2, wherein: before the plasma spraying, the vacuum degree is firstly pumped to 9-10Mpa, and then the inert gas is selected for spraying.
4. A process for preparing a magnesium/aluminium alloy composite material according to claim 3, wherein: in order to improve the binding force between the coating and the magnesium alloy plate and the binding force between the coating and the aluminum alloy plate in the subsequent rolling process in the plasma spraying process, the coating with the thickness of 50-100 mu m in the spraying process is carried out by two processes.
5. The process for preparing a magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 4, wherein: the coating with the first 20-30 mu m is selected by a spraying process with the power of 35-45kW, the spraying distance of 110-130mm and the main air flow of 35-45L/min; the coating with the rear diameter of 30-100 mu m is sprayed by a spraying process with the power of 30-40kW, the spraying distance of 90-110mm and the main air flow of 35-4540L/min.
6. The process for preparing a magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 5, wherein: the magnesium alloy comprises any one of AZ31, AZ42 and ZK61, and the aluminum alloy comprises any one of 1-series, 5-series and 6-series wrought aluminum alloys.
7. The process for preparing a magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 6, wherein: in step S2, the simple composite process includes any one of welding, pin/rivet bonding, and mechanical fitting.
8. The process for preparing a magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 7, wherein: in step S3, the preheating temperature in the furnace is 340-480 ℃ and the preheating time is 0.5-3 h.
9. The process for preparing a magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 8, wherein: in the step S4, the thermal diffusion annealing temperature is 220-360 ℃, the annealing time is 1-4h, the deformation stress of the plate in the rolling process is eliminated, and meanwhile, the annealing at high temperature is beneficial to the mutual diffusion between magnesium and aluminum, so that the bonding strength of the composite material is improved.
10. A magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material is characterized in that: prepared by the process of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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