CN113271173A - Demultiplexing method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application is applicable to the technical field of data transmission, and provides a demultiplexing method and a demultiplexing system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: expanding the cylindrical vector light beams of the same topological load according to a spiral line path to obtain two arc-shaped light spots which are staggered relatively; respectively carrying out phase correction on the arc-shaped light spots to obtain two initial rectangular light spots; and combining the two initial rectangular light spots to obtain a target rectangular light spot. The method and the device can solve the problems that the overlapping area of the corresponding points after demultiplexing of the current adjacent topological load cylinder vector light beams is large and the crosstalk is large to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of data transmission, and in particular, to a demultiplexing method and system.
Background
With the development of the internet, the position of communication technology in human beings is more and more important. Among various communication technologies, the optical fiber communication technology has been widely used because of its advantages such as large communication capacity and high transmission speed.
The multiplexing method of optical communication mainly includes time division multiplexing, frequency division multiplexing, space division multiplexing, and the like. Space division multiplexing includes Orbital Angular Momentum multiplexing (OAM) and Cylindrical Vector beam multiplexing (CVB). The cylindrical vector beam is stable in optical fiber transmission and can greatly improve the channel capacity of the optical fiber on the premise of not expanding the system bandwidth, so that the cylindrical vector beam is used as a common space division multiplexing mode in the optical fiber.
At present, the demultiplexing method for the cylindrical vector beam is as follows: and converting the polar coordinate of the cylindrical vector beam into a rectangular coordinate, so that the wave front of the cylindrical vector beam is decomposed and unfolded into a straight line according to a closed circular path. And then converging the straight line through a convex lens, thereby realizing the demultiplexing of the cylindrical vector light beam.
However, the demultiplexing method can obtain less phase information of the wavefront of the cylindrical vector light beam after the cylindrical vector light beam is spread, so that the overlapping area of corresponding points after adjacent topological loads are demultiplexed by CVBs is large, and crosstalk is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a demultiplexing method and a demultiplexing system, which can solve the problems of large overlapping area and large crosstalk of corresponding points after current adjacent topology load CVB demultiplexing to a certain extent.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a demultiplexing method, including:
expanding the cylindrical vector light beams of the same topological load according to a spiral line path to obtain two arc-shaped light spots which are staggered relatively;
respectively carrying out phase correction on the arc-shaped light spots to obtain two initial rectangular light spots;
and combining the two initial rectangular light spots to obtain a target rectangular light spot.
Optionally, the expanding the cylindrical vector light beam of the same topological load according to a spiral path to obtain two arc-shaped light spots staggered with respect to each other includes:
different spin components in the cylindrical vector light beams of the same topological charge are respectively unfolded according to spiral paths with opposite directions, and two arc-shaped light spots which are staggered relatively are obtained.
Optionally, the expanding different spin components in the cylindrical vector light beam of the same topological charge according to spiral paths with opposite directions to obtain two arc-shaped light spots staggered with respect to each other includes:
and respectively unfolding different spin components in the cylindrical vector light beams of the same topological load according to the first phase gradient value and spiral paths in opposite directions to obtain two arc-shaped light spots which are staggered relatively.
Optionally, the performing phase correction on the arc-shaped light spots respectively to obtain two initial rectangular light spots includes:
and respectively carrying out phase correction on the arc-shaped light spots according to the second phase gradient value to obtain two initial rectangular light spots.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a demultiplexing system, including:
a phase modulator, a phase corrector, a first lens and a second lens;
the phase modulator is located at a front focal point of the first lens, and the phase corrector is located between the first lens and the second lens;
the phase modulator is used for expanding cylindrical vector beams of the same topological load according to a spiral line path to obtain two arc-shaped light spots which are staggered relatively;
the first lens is used for converging the arc-shaped light spots on the phase corrector;
the phase corrector is used for respectively carrying out phase correction on the arc-shaped light spots to obtain two initial rectangular light spots;
and the second lens is used for combining the two initial rectangular light spots to obtain a target rectangular light spot.
Optionally, the phase modulator is a spin phase modulator, the spin phase modulator is configured to modulate a geometric phase of the light beam according to a spin component of the light beam, and accordingly, the spin phase modulator is specifically configured to:
different spin components in the cylindrical vector light beams of the same topological charge are respectively unfolded according to spiral paths with opposite directions, and two arc-shaped light spots which are staggered relatively are obtained.
Optionally, the phase modulator and the phase corrector are made of liquid crystal material.
It is understood that the beneficial effects of the second aspect can be referred to the related description of the first aspect, and are not described herein again.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the application has the advantages that:
more phase information can be extracted from the wavefront of the light field of the cylindrical vector beam because of following a helical path. Therefore, in the application, the cylindrical vector light beam with the same topological load is firstly unfolded into two arc-shaped light spots which are staggered relatively according to the spiral line path, then the phase correction is respectively carried out on the arc-shaped light spots, and more phase information of the cylindrical vector light beam can be obtained. As more phase information of the cylindrical vector beams can be acquired, the overlapping area of corresponding points after the cylindrical vector beams of the adjacent topological charges are demultiplexed can be reduced, and therefore the crosstalk between the cylindrical vector beams of the adjacent topological charges is reduced.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a process of demultiplexing a current cylindrical vector beam provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a demultiplexing method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of two relatively staggered arc-shaped spots provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spiral path provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of two initial rectangular spots provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a target rectangular spot provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the position and intensity of each target rectangular spot provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a demultiplexing system and a schematic unfolding process of a cylindrical vector light beam according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted contextually as "when", "upon" or "in response to" determining "or" in response to detecting ". Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if a [ described condition or event ] is detected" may be interpreted contextually to mean "upon determining" or "in response to determining" or "upon detecting [ described condition or event ]" or "in response to detecting [ described condition or event ]".
Furthermore, in the description of the present application and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for distinguishing between descriptions and not necessarily for describing or implying relative importance.
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments," or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," or the like, in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but rather "one or more but not all embodiments" unless specifically stated otherwise. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including, but not limited to," unless expressly specified otherwise.
In order to explain the technical solution described in the present application, the following description will be given by way of specific examples.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, currently, polar coordinates of a cylindrical vector light beam are generally converted into rectangular coordinates, so that a wavefront of the cylindrical vector light beam is decomposed and unfolded into a straight line according to a closed circular path, and then the straight line is converged through a convex lens, thereby realizing demultiplexing of the cylindrical vector light beam. However, as can be seen from fig. 1, according to this method, the cylindrical vector beams of adjacent topological charges obviously have overlapping situations in the frequency spectrum after demultiplexing.
In the method, the cylindrical vector light beam of the same topological load is firstly unfolded into two arc-shaped light spots which are staggered relatively according to a spiral line path, then the two arc-shaped light spots are respectively subjected to phase correction to obtain two initial rectangular light spots, and finally the two initial rectangular light spots are combined to obtain the target rectangular light. More phase information can be extracted from the wavefront of the light field of the cylindrical vector beam because of following a helical path. Therefore, in the present application, more phase information of the cylindrical vector beam can be acquired. As more phase information of the cylindrical vector beams can be acquired, the overlapping area of corresponding points after the cylindrical vector beams of the adjacent topological charges are demultiplexed can be reduced, and therefore the crosstalk between the cylindrical vector beams of the adjacent topological charges is reduced.
The demultiplexing method provided in the present application is described in detail below, and with reference to fig. 2, the method includes:
step S201, expanding the cylindrical vector light beam of the same topological load according to a spiral line path to obtain two arc-shaped light spots staggered relatively.
In step S201, the cylindrical vector beam is a vector beam having a cross section with circularly symmetric polarization states and a singular polarization point at the center. The topological charge of the cylindrical vector light beam refers to the variation of the polarization direction of the cylindrical vector light beam around the center in a circle. The direction of the spiral path may be determined according to the polarization direction of the cylindrical vector beam. Two relatively offset arc spots are shown in fig. 3.
In some possible implementations, since the cylindrical vector light beam can be decomposed into a left-handed circularly polarized Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) light beam and a right-handed circularly polarized Orbital angular momentum light beam, the optical field of the cylindrical vector light beam can be expressed by the following formula:
where E (x, y, z) represents the electric field strength, l represents the topological charge of the cylindrical vector beam,
representing the azimuth angle of the cylindrical vector beam. ROAMlRepresenting right-handed circularly polarized orbital angular momentum beams, LOAM-lRepresenting a left-handed circularly polarized orbital angular momentum beam.
Therefore, different spin components in the cylindrical vector light beams of the same topological charge can be respectively expanded according to spiral paths with opposite directions, and two arc-shaped light spots which are staggered relatively are obtained. For example, the right circularly polarized orbital angular momentum beam is expanded according to the spiral path shown as 401 in fig. 4, and the left circularly polarized orbital angular momentum beam is expanded according to the spiral path shown as 402 in fig. 4.
In some possible implementation manners, different spin components in the cylindrical vector light beam of the same topological load can be respectively expanded according to spiral line paths with opposite directions according to the first phase gradient value, so that the two arc-shaped light spots are located at different horizontal positions, that is, the two arc-shaped light spots are staggered relatively, and the phase correction can be performed on the arc-shaped light spots subsequently. The first phase gradient value is a constant longitudinal phase gradient value.
The formula for respectively expanding different spin components in the cylindrical vector light beam of the same topological charge according to the spiral paths with opposite directions according to the first phase gradient value is as follows:
wherein ,θpDenotes the geometrical phase after modulation, theta denotes the geometrical phase before modulation, k denotes the wave vector of the cylindrical vector beam, f denotes the focal length of the first lens, (x, y) denotes the modulation plane coordinates, a, b and s are all constant parameters,
representing the first phase gradient value, w represents the offset from horizontal, and r represents the distance between the wavefront of the cylindrical vector beam and the origin of coordinates.
And S202, respectively carrying out phase correction on the arc-shaped light spots to obtain two initial rectangular light spots.
In step S202, after two arc-shaped light spots which are staggered with respect to each other are obtained, the phase of the arc-shaped light spots is corrected to obtain two initial rectangular light spots. Two initial rectangular spots can be seen in fig. 5.
Because the two arc-shaped light spots are at different horizontal positions, in some possible implementation modes, the two arc-shaped light spots can be respectively subjected to phase correction according to the second phase gradient value to obtain two initial rectangular light spots, so that the two initial rectangular light spots can be combined into a target rectangular light spot after passing through the second lens. The formula for phase correction is as follows:
wherein ,θQRepresenting the corrected geometric phase, (u, v) representing the phase correction plane coordinates,
representing the second phase gradient values.
And step S203, combining the two initial rectangular light spots to obtain a target rectangular light spot.
In step S203, after two initial rectangular spots are obtained, they are combined to obtain a target rectangular spot. The target rectangular spot can be as shown in fig. 6. It should be noted that the position of the target rectangular light spot is related to the topological charge of the cylindrical vector light beam, and the positions of the target rectangular light spots corresponding to different topological charges are different. For example, the position of each target rectangular spot is shown in fig. 7(L represents the topological charge of the cylindrical vector beam). As can also be seen from fig. 7, the overlapping area of the rectangular light spots of the respective targets is significantly reduced, so that the crosstalk between the cylindrical vector beams of adjacent topological charges is reduced.
It should be understood that, the sequence numbers of the steps in the foregoing embodiments do not imply an execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.
Example two
Fig. 8 shows an example of a demultiplexing system, only the parts relevant to the embodiments of the present application are shown for ease of illustration. The system 800 includes:
a phase modulator 801, a phase corrector 803, a first lens 802, and a second lens 804;
the phase modulator 801 is located at the front focal point of the first lens 802 and the phase corrector 803 is located between the first lens 802 and the second lens 804. Specifically, the phase corrector 803 is located at the back focus of the first lens 802 and at the front focus of the second lens 804.
The phase modulator 801 is configured to spread cylindrical vector light beams of the same topological load according to a spiral path to obtain two arc-shaped light spots staggered with respect to each other.
The first lens 802 is used to focus the arc shaped spot onto the phase corrector 803.
The phase corrector 803 is used for respectively performing phase correction on the arc-shaped light spots to obtain two initial rectangular light spots.
The second lens 804 is used for combining the two initial rectangular light spots to obtain a target rectangular light spot.
In some possible implementation manners, the phase modulator 801 is a spin phase modulator, and the spin phase modulator is configured to modulate a geometric phase of a light beam according to a spin component of the light beam, and accordingly, the spin phase modulator is specifically configured to spread different spin components in a cylindrical vector light beam of the same topological charge according to spiral paths with opposite directions, so as to obtain two arc-shaped light spots staggered with respect to each other.
It should be noted that the process of the phase modulator 801 spreading the cylindrical vector light beams of the same topological charge according to the spiral path is a gradual spreading process. When different spin components in cylindrical vector beams of the same topological charge are respectively unfolded according to spiral paths with opposite directions, the process of gradual unfolding is shown in fig. 8. The cylindrical vector beam of the same topological charge is also circular in shape when it just passes through the phase modulator 801, and gradually spreads out along the path shown by 805 in fig. 8 as it travels from the phase modulator 801 to the phase corrector 803. When propagating to the phase corrector 803, the cylindrical vector beam of the same topological charge expands into an arc-shaped spot as shown at 802. After passing through the phase corrector 803 the arc shaped spot becomes the initial rectangular spot as shown at 807.
It should be noted that, a formula in which the phase modulator 801 expands different spin components in a cylindrical vector light beam of the same topological charge according to spiral paths with opposite directions, and a formula in which the phase corrector 803 performs phase correction on an arc-shaped light spot according to the first embodiment may be referred to, and this application is not described in detail herein.
It should be understood that the phase modulator 801 and the phase corrector 803 are made of liquid crystal material.
It should be noted that, for the information interaction, execution process, and other contents between the above-mentioned devices/units, the specific functions and technical effects thereof are based on the same concept as those of the method embodiment of the present application, and specific reference may be made to a part of the method embodiment, which is not described herein again.
Claims (7)
1. A demultiplexing method, comprising:
expanding the cylindrical vector light beams of the same topological load according to a spiral line path to obtain two arc-shaped light spots which are staggered relatively;
respectively carrying out phase correction on the arc-shaped light spots to obtain two initial rectangular light spots;
and combining the two initial rectangular light spots to obtain a target rectangular light spot.
2. A demultiplexing method according to claim 1, wherein said expanding the cylindrical vector beams of the same topological charge according to a spiral path to obtain two arc spots staggered with respect to each other comprises:
different spin components in the cylindrical vector light beams of the same topological charge are respectively unfolded according to spiral paths with opposite directions, and two arc-shaped light spots which are staggered relatively are obtained.
3. A demultiplexing method according to claim 2, wherein said expanding different spin components in cylindrical vector beams of the same topological charge according to opposite spiral paths respectively to obtain two arc spots staggered relatively comprises:
and respectively unfolding different spin components in the cylindrical vector beams of the same topological load according to the first phase gradient value and the opposite spiral line paths to obtain two arc-shaped light spots which are staggered relatively.
4. A demultiplexing method according to claim 3, wherein said separately phase-correcting said arc-shaped spots to obtain two initial rectangular spots comprises:
and respectively carrying out phase correction on the arc-shaped light spots according to the second phase gradient value to obtain two initial rectangular light spots.
5. A demultiplexing system for implementing the method according to any of claims 1 to 4, comprising: a phase modulator, a phase corrector, a first lens and a second lens;
the phase modulator is located at a front focal point of the first lens, and the phase corrector is located between the first lens and the second lens;
the phase modulator is used for expanding cylindrical vector beams of the same topological load according to a spiral path to obtain two arc-shaped light spots which are staggered relatively;
the first lens is used for converging the arc-shaped light spot on the phase corrector;
the phase corrector is used for respectively carrying out phase correction on the arc-shaped light spots to obtain two initial rectangular light spots;
and the second lens is used for combining the two initial rectangular light spots to obtain a target rectangular light spot.
6. Demultiplexing system according to claim 5, wherein said phase modulator is a spin phase modulator for modulating the geometrical phase of the optical beam according to its spin component, said spin phase modulator being in particular for:
different spin components in the cylindrical vector light beams of the same topological charge are respectively unfolded according to spiral paths with opposite directions, and two arc-shaped light spots which are staggered relatively are obtained.
7. A demultiplexing system according to claim 5, wherein said phase modulator and said phase corrector are fabricated from liquid crystal material.
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