CN108923880A - A kind of photon trajectory angular momentum mode measurement method and system based on Screw transformation - Google Patents
A kind of photon trajectory angular momentum mode measurement method and system based on Screw transformation Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/04—Mode multiplex systems
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/4257—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors applied to monitoring the characteristics of a beam, e.g. laser beam, headlamp beam
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of photon trajectory angular momentum mode measurement method and system based on Screw transformation, by be located at the phase-plate of input plane by incident field in input plane along on straight line of the map paths of helix to output plane；And the phase-plate for being located at output plane then compensates the phase accumulated when light field travels to output plane from input plane in above-mentioned conversion process, to realize the photon trajectory angular momentum mode conversion to be measured at input plane into the plate wave mode at output plane with certain tilt wavefront；And then the different location on focal plane will be focused on the plate wave mode before different inclined waves by convex lens, to realize one-to-one correspondence and the detection of photon trajectory angular momentum mode to be measured and spatial position.Neighboring modes cross-interference issue caused by the present invention effectively overcomes due to demodulation hot spot broadening further realizes high-resolution photon trajectory angular momentum mode measurement while keeping high demodulation efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the spatial model multiplex/demultiplex fields of optical communication applications, become more particularly, to based on spiral
The photon trajectory angular momentum mode measurement method and system changed.
Background technique
With using internet as a whole set of including mobile Internet, Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data etc. of core
The high speed expansion of the development of information technology, information proposes huge demand to the information carrying capacity of optical communication system.In view of
Multi-channel Technology traditional at present includes that the promotion of the brings message capacity such as wavelength-division multiplex, time division multiplexing and palarization multiplexing has connect
Near limit realizes that being substantially improved again for message capacity has become present communications field based on the mode division multiplexing technology in airspace
One of important research direction.The mode division multiplexing in airspace is spatially the presence of mutually orthogonal eigen mode using light field, often
One spatial model can be used as an independent channel and carry out signal transmission, so that the transmission of communication system be significantly increased
Capacity.It is first in recent years based on carrying photon trajectory angular momentum by the mode division multiplexing scheme of people's extensive concern
The vortex beams of (Orbital angular momentum, OAM), using vortex beams carry out optic communication imagination most earlier than
It proposes within 2004, then the high capacity communication based on OAM mode multiplexing is tested in succession in free-space optical communication system and optical fiber
Communication system is demonstrated.However it pushes this OAM communication system to move towards practical still depend on and develops more integrated, height
The OAM of effect is generated, multiplexing, transmitted, demultiplexing and Detection Techniques.
OAM demultiplexer is one of the core devices in OAM communication system, and function is the different OAM to co-axial propagation
Mode is spatially separated, allow difference OAM mode and its information of carrying it is processed without interfering with each other and detection.
Several typical OAM Deplexing methods include at present：(1) interference technique, such as can efficiently (theoretically using a pair of of Dove prism
It then needs to cascade multiple light but if further to separate all difference OAM modes close to 100%) separation odd even OAM mode
Element is learned, so that whole system is extremely complex；(2) holography method, it is will not using the diffraction grating of special designing in hologram
It is demodulated to the gaussian model in the different orders of diffraction with OAM mode, due to only needing a phase hologram thus to realize the most
Simply, but its disadvantage then be demodulate efficiency the theoretical upper limit be only 1/N, wherein N be demodulation OAM pattern count, that is, demodulate efficiency
Reduce with the increase of demodulation modes number, is unfavorable for expanding upwards；(3) integrated photon chip, will be empty by grating coupler
Between vortex optical coupling be thereby coupled to difference into screwing it the linear phase of phase transition using array waveguide grating after waveguide
Output waveguide, its advantage is that being conducive to large-scale integrated as on piece OAM demultiplexer, but due to device complexity manufacture difficulty
Greatly, and since the light-receiving area of grating coupler is limited so that final whole demodulation efficiency is very low.
In contrast, the OAM mode demultiplexing scheme based on optical coordinate transformation then has demodulation high-efficient (theoretical simultaneously
The advantages that upper 100%) (only needing two phase-plates) relatively easy with realization, thus be currently extremely important and most potential solution
One of multiplexing scheme.Wherein log-polar transform is that the unique one kind being well known at present can be used for realizing that OAM is demultiplexed
Optical coordinate transformation, its principle is that the angular helical phase of OAM mode is transformed to lateral linear phase, correspond to tool
Plate wave mode before having different inclined waves, and then different mode can be focussed onto using a convex lens
The separation of different location implementation pattern.However since this conversion scheme is that light field is unfolded along closed circular path, break
The characteristics of angular Infinite Cyclic, thus the OAM mode after demodulating can be spatially broadened, and cause the solution of neighboring modes to dim
There is significant overlapping between spot, cause the crosstalk between mode.
Summary of the invention
For the limitation for solving existing log-polar transform scheme, the invention proposes a kind of new optical coordinate transformations
Scheme is demultiplexed for OAM mode.Relative in existing log-polar transform along closed circular path by OAM mode
Angular phse conversion is linear phase, the present invention along the path of helix carry out light field transformation thus can be from OAM mode
More phase changes are extracted in wavefront, and are theoretically limited solely by the size of OAM hot spot, after overcoming demodulation
Neighboring modes cross-interference issue caused by the broadening of OAM hot spot further realizes high-resolution while keeping high demodulation efficiency
Photon trajectory angular momentum modal cutoff, thus have bigger practical potentiality.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of photon trajectory angular momentum mode measuring system based on Screw transformation, including optical coordinate transformation module, Fu
In leaf transformation module and light intensity detection module, wherein
The optical coordinate transformation module includes two phase-plates with light field phase-modulation function；
The fourier transformation module includes convex lens, and the front focal plane of the convex lens and the light field at back focal plane expire
The relationship of sufficient Fourier transformation；
The light intensity detection module is for obtaining light distribution information.
In a preferred solution, the phase-plate is space light modulation or diffraction optical element or super structure table
Face etc..
In a preferred solution, the phase-plate is the tow sides of a substrate, and it is flat to be respectively defined as (x, y)
Face and (u, v) plane, substrate thickness d；The convex lens of the fourier transformation module and second piece of phase-plate (u, v) plane
It is parallel to each other, second piece of phase-plate (u, v) plane is corresponding with the front focal plane of convex lens；It is flat where the light intensity detection module
Face is corresponding with the back focal plane of convex lens.
In a preferred solution, light intensity detection module is made of camera, obtains light distribution letter by shooting image
Breath.
In a preferred solution, light intensity detection module is made of fiber array, is obtained by being coupled into different optical fiber
Light distribution information.
A kind of photon trajectory angular momentum mode measurement method based on Screw transformation, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1：The incident vortex light field vertical incidence to be measured of photon trajectory angular momentum will be carried to the phase of (x, y) plane
Plate 1, and the center of light field to be measured is aligned with the center of phase-plate, wherein the wavefront of incident vortex light field is angular helical phase point
Cloth is exp (il θ)；The l is topological charge number；The θ is azimuth；The i is imaginary unit；
S2：Preset first phase modulation Q (x, y) is loaded on the phase-plate 1 of (x, y) plane, makes incident vortex
Light field travels to the phase-plate 2 of (u, v) plane after the modulation of phase-plate 1；
The phase-modulation Q (x, y) of this step makes light distribution be transformed to grow from the annular spread in original (x, y) plane
Bar shaped distribution, this is by the way that the light field in (x, y) plane along the path decomposing of helix and to be mapped in (u, v) plane
Straight line (u=const), i.e. optics Screw transformation are realized
S3：Preset second phase modulation P (u, v) is loaded on the phase-plate 2 of (u, v) plane, so that incident whirlpool
The phase distribution of optically-active field is transformed to horizontal linear phase exp (ilv/ β) from angular helical phase exp (il θ)；The β is
Scaling factor；
In above-mentioned mapping process, light field in (x, y) plane at different location travel to it is corresponding in (u, v) plane
Light path when position is not identical, and thus the light field in (u, v) plane can have phase distortion.Therefore it needs in (u, v) plane
Phase-plate 2 on load preset another phase-modulation P (u, v), this phase distortion of light field is compensated.By
Horizontal linear phase exp (ilv/ β) is transformed to from angular helical phase exp (il θ) in phase distribution after phase compensation.As a result,
Optical rail angular momentum mode with different topology charge l is being converted to after above-mentioned two phase-plate effect with difference
Plate wave mode before inclined wave, and inclined degree is proportional to l；
S4：Incident vortex light field after P (u, v) will be modulated by second phase is by convex lens, due to transformed cross
To linear phase, so that incident vortex light field is focused onto the lateral position m on convex lens back focal plane, before the convex lens
The light field of focal plane and back focal plane meets the relationship of Fourier transformation；The m is expressed by following formula：
In formula, the λ is the wavelength of light wave, and the f is the focal length of convex lens；
The transformed plate wave mode with before different inclined waves is respectively focused on lens back focal plane by this step
Particular lateral position, it is directly proportional to photon trajectory angular momentum topological charge number l to be measured to realize lateral position, to realize difference
The one-to-one correspondence of photon trajectory angular momentum mode and spatial position；
S5：By being located at light intensity detecting module on lens back focal plane, light intensity distributing position is recorded, determines the light of light field to be measured
The topological charge number l of sub-track angular momentum mode.
In a preferred solution, the light field in (x, y) plane in the S2 along log spiral path
The straight line for decomposing and being mapped in (u, v) plane, corresponding coordinate mapping relations are expressed by following formula：
In formula, described a, β and r0For the relevant parameter of logarithmic spiral transformation, i.e. r0Expression is mapped to the original of (u, v) plane
The location information of corresponding (x, the y) plane of point；β indicates that the transformed incident vortex light field of the phase-plate 1 Jing Guo (x, y) plane exists
(u, v) plane along lineal layout length；A indicates the variation speed degree of log spiral, as a=0, indicates logarithm spiral shell
It is log-polar transform that rotation transformation, which is degenerated,；(r, the θ) is the spiral polar coordinates of (x, y) plane.
In a preferred solution, (r, the θ) is expressed by following formula：
It is described in formulaIndicate round numbers part, the value range of θ is (- ∞ ,+∞).
In this preferred embodiment, transformed light field can extract more phases from photon trajectory angular momentum mode to be measured
Change information, the hot spot broadening degree after over-focusing is smaller, can effectively overcome adjacent mould in original log-polar scheme
Formula partly overlaps caused cross-interference issue.
In a preferred solution, first phase modulation Q (x, y) is expressed by following formula：
In formula, the k is the wave number of propagation of the incident vortex light field between phase-plate 1 and phase-plate 2, the d
For the distance between phase-plate 1 and phase-plate 2.
In a preferred solution, second phase modulation P (u, v) is expressed by following formula：
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of technical solution of the present invention is：
1. since Screw transformation can be mentioned natively from photon trajectory angular momentum mode compared to log-polar transform
More phase change information are taken to improve the isolation between neighboring modes, thus solve existing logarithm pole from principle
In coordinate transform scheme the problem of intrinsic neighboring modes crosstalk.
2. various informative due to helix, corresponding there are different Screw transformations, and it is existing right greatly to promote
It counts polar coordinate transform scheme and also there is greater flexibility in practical applications, thus there are bigger practical potentiality.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the principle and its system for realizing photon trajectory angular momentum modal cutoff in embodiment by optical coordinate transformation
Constitute schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram for the tow sides that two phase-plates are integrated into the same substrate in embodiment.
Specific embodiment
The attached figures are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitating the patent；
In order to better illustrate this embodiment, the certain components of attached drawing have omission, zoom in or out, and do not represent actual product
Size；
To those skilled in the art, it is to be understood that certain known features and its explanation, which may be omitted, in attached drawing
's.
The following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
A kind of photon trajectory angular momentum mode measuring system based on Screw transformation, by optical coordinate transformation module, Fu Li
Leaf transformation module and light intensity detection module composition, as shown in Figure 2.Wherein the optical coordinate transformation module of core the most is by two
Phase-plate with light field phase-modulation function constitutes (i.e. phase-plate 1 and phase-plate 2), and phase-plate can be common spatial light
Modulator, diffraction optical element and super structure surface etc., in order to keep it as easy to use as possible, the present embodiment becomes realization spiral
It changes two required phase-plates and is integrated into the tow sides of the same substrate, as shown in figure 3, making the two phase-plates
It is precisely aligned in journey with regard to realizing.Fourier transformation module is made of a convex lens, at the front focal plane and back focal plane of lens
Light field meet the relationship of Fourier transformation；And light intensity detection module can be made of camera or fiber array, pass through shooting figure
Picture is coupled into different optical fiber to obtain light distribution information.
In optical coordinate transformation module positioned at substrate upper and lower surface two phase-plates where plane be denoted as respectively (x, y) and
(u, v) corresponds to substrate thickness at a distance of being d；And the convex lens of fourier transformation module is then placed in parallel behind phase-plate 2, and
And make front focal plane of the 2 place plane (u, v) of phase-plate corresponding to lens, and plane (m, n) then corresponds to where light intensity detection module
In the back focal plane of lens.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of photon trajectory angular momentum mode measurement method based on Screw transformation, includes the following steps：
Step 1：Photon trajectory angular momentum mode to be measured is obtained, the wavefront of corresponding vortex light field has specific angular spiral shell
It revolves phase exp (il θ), wherein l is topological charge number, and θ is azimuth.The present embodiment is using l=1 as photon trajectory angle to be measured
Momentum Model is illustrated.Make the phase-plate 1 of the light field vertical incidence to be measured into optical coordinate transformation module, and guarantees light
Field center is aligned with phase-plate coordinate center.
Step 2：The light field to be measured for being incident on optical coordinate transformation module successively passes through the phase of phase-plate 1 and phase-plate 2
It modulates Q (x, y) and P (u, v) realizes Helical coordinate system transformation, i.e.,
Wherein k is the wave number that incident field is propagated in substrate, a, β and r0For the undetermined parameter of logarithmic spiral transformation, r0Table
Show the location information of corresponding (x, the y) plane of the origin for being mapped to (u, v) plane；β indicates that the phase-plate 1 Jing Guo (x, y) plane becomes
Incident vortex light field after changing is in (u, v) plane along the length of lineal layout；The variation speed journey of a expression log spiral
Degree, as a=0, indicating that logarithmic spiral transformation is degenerated is log-polar transform；(r, the θ) is the spiral of (x, y) plane
Polar coordinates, i.e.,
WhereinIndicate round numbers part, the value range of θ is (- ∞ ,+∞).
After the Screw transformation of the module, the intensity distribution of incident field is from the annular spread in original (x, y) plane
It is transformed to the strip distribution of (u, v) transversally on a plane, phase distribution is then transformed to transverse direction from angular helical phase exp (il θ)
Linear phase exp (ilv/ β).The case where for l=1, the horizontal linear phase are exp (iv/ β), are inclined corresponding to specific
The plate wave mode of rake angle.
Step 3：Light field after transformation with certain tilt wavefront exp (ilv/ β) is incident on as Fourier transformation
Convex lens (focal length f), the particular lateral position that can be focused on back focal plane (m, n) of moduleWherein λ is
The wavelength of light wave, to realize the one-to-one correspondence of different photon trajectory angular momentum modes and spatial position.The case where for l=1,
Light field will be focused ontoLateral position.
Step 4：Using the light intensity detection module being located on lens back focal plane, the light distribution position measured by itThe topological charge number for being assured that out photon trajectory angular momentum mode to be measured is l=1.
The terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only for illustration, should not be understood as the limitation to this patent；
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention be only to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and not be pair
The restriction of embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the art, may be used also on the basis of the above description
To make other variations or changes in different ways.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.It is all this
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should be included in the claims in the present invention within the spirit and principle of invention
Protection scope within.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of photon trajectory angular momentum mode measurement method based on Screw transformation, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1：The incident vortex light field vertical incidence to be measured of photon trajectory angular momentum will be carried to the phase-plate 1 of (x, y) plane,
And the center of light field to be measured is aligned with the center of phase-plate, wherein the wavefront of incident vortex light field is that angular helical phase is distributed as
exp(ilθ)；The l is topological charge number；The θ is azimuth；The i is imaginary unit；
S2：Preset first phase modulation Q (x, y) is loaded on the phase-plate 1 of (x, y) plane, makes incident vortex light field
The phase-plate 2 of (u, v) plane is traveled to after the modulation of phase-plate 1；
S3：Preset second phase modulation P (u, v) is loaded on the phase-plate 2 of (u, v) plane, so that incident vortex light
The phase distribution of field is transformed to horizontal linear phase exp (ilv/ β) from angular helical phase exp (il θ)；The β is scale
Zoom factor；
S4：Incident vortex light field after P (u, v) will be modulated by second phase is by convex lens, due to transformed x wire
Property phase so that incident vortex light field is focused onto the lateral position m on convex lens back focal plane, the front focal plane of the convex lens
Meet the relationship of Fourier transformation with the light field of back focal plane；The m is expressed by following formula：
In formula, the λ is the wavelength of light wave, and the f is the focal length of convex lens；
S5：By being located at light intensity detecting module on lens back focal plane, light intensity distributing position is recorded, determines the photon rail of light field to be measured
The topological charge number l of road angular momentum mode.
2. photon trajectory angular momentum mode measurement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the S2
The path decomposing and the straight line that is mapped in (u, v) plane of light field in (x, y) plane along log spiral, corresponding coordinate
Mapping relations are expressed by following formula：
In formula, described a, β and r0For the relevant parameter of logarithmic spiral transformation, i.e. r0Expression is mapped to the origin pair of (u, v) plane
Answer the location information of (x, y) plane；β indicates the transformed incident vortex light field of the phase-plate 1 Jing Guo (x, y) plane at (u, v)
Plane along lineal layout length；A indicates the variation speed degree of log spiral, as a=0, indicates that logarithmic spiral becomes
Changing degeneration is log-polar transform；(r, the θ) is the spiral polar coordinates of (x, y) plane.
3. photon trajectory angular momentum mode measurement method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that (r, the θ) is logical
Following formula is crossed to be expressed：
R=(x2+y2)1/2,
It is described in formulaIndicate round numbers part, the value range of θ is (- ∞ ,+∞).
4. existing according to claim 1 to photon trajectory angular momentum mode measurement method, feature described in any claim in 3
In first phase modulation Q (x, y) is expressed by following formula：
In formula, the k is the wave number of propagation of the incident vortex light field between phase-plate 1 and phase-plate 2, and the d is phase
Position the distance between plate 1 and phase-plate 2；Described a, β and the r0For the relevant parameter of logarithmic spiral transformation, i.e. r0Expression is mapped to
The location information of corresponding (x, the y) plane of the origin of (u, v) plane；β indicate phase-plate 1 Jing Guo (x, y) plane it is transformed enter
Penetrate length of the vortex light field in (u, v) plane along lineal layout；A indicates the variation speed degree of log spiral, works as a=0
When, indicating that logarithmic spiral transformation is degenerated is log-polar transform.
5. photon trajectory angular momentum mode measurement method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the second phase
Modulation P (u, v) is expressed by following formula：
6. existing according to claim 1 to photon trajectory angular momentum mode measurement method, feature described in any claim in 3
In second phase modulation P (u, v) is expressed by following formula：
In formula, the k is the wave number of propagation of the incident vortex light field between phase-plate 1 and phase-plate 2, and the d is phase
Position the distance between plate 1 and phase-plate 2；Described a, β and the r0For the relevant parameter of logarithmic spiral transformation, i.e. r0Expression is mapped to
The location information of corresponding (x, the y) plane of the origin of (u, v) plane；β indicate phase-plate 1 Jing Guo (x, y) plane it is transformed enter
Penetrate length of the vortex light field in (u, v) plane along lineal layout；A indicates the variation speed degree of log spiral, works as a=0
When, indicating that logarithmic spiral transformation is degenerated is log-polar transform.
7. a kind of photon trajectory angular momentum mode measuring system based on Screw transformation, which is characterized in that become including optical coordinate
Change the mold block, fourier transformation module and light intensity detection module, wherein
The optical coordinate transformation module includes two phase-plates with light field phase-modulation function；
The fourier transformation module includes convex lens, and the front focal plane of the convex lens and the light field at back focal plane meet Fu
In leaf transformation relationship；
The light intensity detection module is for obtaining light distribution information.
8. a kind of photon trajectory angular momentum mode measuring system based on Screw transformation, which is characterized in that two phases
Plate is the tow sides of a substrate, is respectively defined as (x, y) plane and (u, v) plane, substrate thickness d；In Fu
The convex lens of leaf transformation module and second piece of phase-plate (u, v) plane are parallel to each other, second piece of phase-plate (u, v) plane and convex lens
The front focal plane of mirror is corresponding；Plane where the light intensity detection module is corresponding with the back focal plane of convex lens.
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| CN114235146A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-25 | 中南民族大学 | Detection system and method for orbital angular momentum mode of multiplexed vortex light beam |
| CN114675370A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-06-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Method for manufacturing super-structure surface integrated device for measuring photon orbital angular momentum mode |
| US11402267B2 (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2022-08-02 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Light splitting device and method for manufacturing the same, method for dispersing light, and spectrometer |
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