CN113270704B - Waveguide matching load based on inverted wedge absorber structure and optimization method thereof - Google Patents
Waveguide matching load based on inverted wedge absorber structure and optimization method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model provides a waveguide matching load and optimization method based on inverted wedge absorber structure, including: an absorber positioned to avoid perturbing a region of the waveguide where the electric field energy is greatest; the absorber is an inverted wedge structure along the wide side of the rectangular waveguide; the absorber with the inverted-wedge structure enables the change of the transmission space to firstly appear near the narrow side of the waveguide with the weakest electromagnetic wave electric field intensity, so that the electromagnetic wave in the wide-side middle area with the strongest electric field intensity is normally transmitted, the energy of the electromagnetic wave is gradually absorbed, the field intensity in the wide-side middle area is attenuated and then transited to the lossy material to complete the final absorption, and the reflection of the absorber interface to the electromagnetic wave is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of microwave and millimeter wave devices, and particularly relates to a waveguide matching load based on an inverted wedge absorber structure and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The matching load is an important microwave millimeter wave electronic device, can absorb the power of incident electromagnetic waves, and is equivalent to a matching impedance line connected to a circuit terminal. The technical characteristic index of the method is that in the working frequency band, the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves approaches to zero or the standing wave coefficient of port voltage approaches to 1, and the method can also be understood as being capable of losing the attenuation loss of reflection echoes, namely the larger the echo loss is, the better the performance is. From the perspective of convenient application, the same technical indexes are realized, and the smaller the device volume is, the better the device volume is.
The function of matching the waveguide with the load is usually realized by embedding an absorber made of a lossy material in the waveguide and absorbing the power of incident waves. As shown in fig. 1(a) -1 (b), in order to avoid the electromagnetic wave reflection caused by the lossy material interface itself, the absorber is generally made into a wedge or a plate, so that the electromagnetic wave energy gradually enters the lossy material, and therefore, the absorber can also be regarded as a section of lossy transmission line. In order to fully exert the power absorption effect of the dissipative material, the dissipative dielectric material is often placed in the middle of the wide side of the rectangular waveguide, where the electric field intensity is the greatest and the electric field energy density is the highest.
Generally, under the condition of a specific rectangular waveguide and a specific medium absorption material, the longer the transition interface is, the weaker the reflection effect of the formed gradient transmission line is, the more favorable the gradient transmission line is for realizing high-performance matched load with low reflection coefficient, the cost is that the device is also larger, and the more tapered medium body is more difficult to process and assemble. In conventional waveguide matching load design, mainly through material selection and optimization of transition surface shape, an attempt is made to achieve as low a reflection coefficient as possible under a certain transition size condition, or to achieve a desired reflection coefficient index by using as short a transition surface as possible, or to equalize the reflection coefficients within a certain operating frequency range.
The existing waveguide matching load design method is firstly based on the wave absorbing property of the lossy material, and the absorber is generally placed in the region with concentrated electric field energy in the waveguide tube, so that the transmission space structural change caused by the absorber firstly appears at the place with the maximum electromagnetic wave intensity, the ideal transition surface structural form is often difficult to find, and the device index is improved or the device volume is very difficult to reduce. As shown in fig. 2, the light patterns are the inner walls of the waveguide and the dark portions are the absorbing material. The position of the wedge of the protrusion of the traditional absorber is just the region with the strongest electric field energy in the rectangular waveguide, so that larger reflection cannot be avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present disclosure provides a waveguide matched load based on an inverted wedge absorber structure, which solves the problem of device performance restriction due to transition surface reflection.
In order to achieve the above object, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, a waveguide matching load based on an inverted-wedge absorber structure is disclosed, comprising: the absorber is of an inverted wedge structure along the wide edge of the rectangular waveguide;
the absorber of the inverted wedge structure enables the change of the transmission space to firstly appear near the narrow edge of the waveguide tube with the weakest electromagnetic wave electric field intensity so as to avoid disturbing the electromagnetic wave in the region with the strongest electric field energy in the middle of the wide edge of the waveguide tube, gradually absorb the electromagnetic wave energy, enable the field intensity in the middle of the wide edge to be attenuated and then transit into the consumable material to finish the final absorption.
The inverted-wedge structure enables the absorber to avoid the region of the waveguide where the electric field energy is concentrated.
According to the technical scheme, the waveguide tube is a rectangular waveguide tube, at least one end of the rectangular waveguide tube is opened and serves as a port of the waveguide matched load, and the absorber is placed at the other end of the waveguide tube.
In a further technical solution, the waveguide may also be a ridge waveguide or a circular waveguide.
According to a further technical scheme, one end, where the absorber is placed, of the waveguide tube is opened or closed.
In a further technical scheme, the absorber is an electromagnetic medium with power consumption, namely, the relative dielectric constant has an imaginary part, and the magnetic conductivity also can have an imaginary part.
According to the further technical scheme, the absorber with the inverted wedge structure is divided into a first part and a second part, one part is an inclined surface of a port opening matched with the load to the waveguide, and the second part is a solid filling part connected with the first part and used for connecting the absorber.
According to the further technical scheme, the length of the first part of the absorber with the inverted wedge structure is adjusted through simulation or actual measurement results to obtain a smaller reflection coefficient;
or obtaining the minimum first part length value according to the requirement of the reflection coefficient index so as to reduce the volume of the device.
According to the further technical scheme, the first part of the absorber with the inverted wedge structure is optimized and adjusted through the shape and the length of the transition surface of the wedge according to different working frequency bands and lossy medium materials.
In a second aspect, a method for optimizing waveguide matching load based on an inverted-wedge absorber structure is disclosed, which includes:
based on an absorber formed by filling a lossy material, the projection on the wide side of the rectangular waveguide presents an inverted wedge structure;
incident electromagnetic waves first encounter the absorber at the narrow side of the waveguide, where the absorber transitions through the transition face towards the center of the broad side, and eventually may, but need not, contact each other at the center of the broad side.
This avoids that the electric field energy in the middle of the broad side encounters the transport discontinuity formed by the absorber at the maximum electric field strength.
In a further aspect, the transition surface includes, but is not limited to, a flat surface.
The above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, through the inverted-wedge absorber structure, the electromagnetic signal in the waveguide is prevented from suffering from transmission discontinuity when the electric field intensity is maximum, and the minimization of electromagnetic signal reflection caused by the absorber in the matched load is integrally realized. Compared with the conventional regular wedge structure, the inverted wedge structure can obtain a smaller reflection coefficient in the same structure length, or can meet the same reflection coefficient requirement by using a smaller structure length. Meanwhile, the tip of the absorber in the inverted wedge structure is attached to the narrow edge of the waveguide, so that the waveguide is easy to mount and not easy to damage, and the production and manufacturing cost of the device is reduced.
Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and are not to limit the disclosure.
Fig. 1(a) -1 (b) are schematic diagrams of a prior art absorber of the present disclosure fabricated into a wedge or plate-like structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a prior art absorbent structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an inverted wedge structure according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing performance simulations of an inverted wedge absorber of the present disclosure with a conventional right wedge absorber;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular waveguide structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a simulation diagram of the attenuation process of the electric field energy in the existing wedge absorber;
FIG. 7 is a simulation of the decay process of electric field energy in an inverted wedge absorber according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9 is a comparison graph of broad band performance simulation of wedge absorbers of different structures according to the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present disclosure may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example one
The embodiment discloses waveguide matching load based on an inverted wedge absorber structure, which comprises: the absorber is of an inverted wedge structure along the wide edge of the rectangular waveguide; the inverted wedge structure enables the absorber to avoid the region of the waveguide where the electric field energy is concentrated;
the absorber with the inverted wedge structure enables the change of the transmission space of the incident electromagnetic wave to firstly appear near the narrow edge of the waveguide with the weakest electromagnetic wave electric field intensity, so that the electromagnetic wave in the middle area of the wide edge of the waveguide with the strongest electric field intensity is normally transmitted, the electromagnetic wave energy is gradually absorbed, the field intensity in the middle area of the wide edge is attenuated, and then the electromagnetic wave is transited to a consumable material to finish the final absorption.
It is explained here that the electric field strength in a rectangular waveguide is sinusoidally distributed along the broad sides, with the broad sides being at their maximum in the middle and zero on both sides (i.e. at the narrow sides).
According to the waveguide matching load, the absorber formed by filling the lossy material is utilized, the projection of the wide side of the rectangular waveguide presents an inverted wedge structure, incident electromagnetic waves firstly meet the absorber at the narrow side of the waveguide, and the phenomenon that electric field energy in the middle of the wide side meets the transmission discontinuity formed by the absorber when the electric field intensity is maximum is avoided. The inverted wedge structure can be understood as a concave V-shaped structure in the middle of the absorber, and is different from an A-shaped structure of the existing absorber which is characterized by middle protrusion.
The inverted wedge structure is characterized in that the absorber firstly contacts incident electromagnetic waves at the narrow edge and then transits to the center of the wide edge through the inverted wedge structure. The transition surfaces include, but are not limited to, flat surfaces that may ultimately, but need not, contact each other at the center of the broadsides.
Explanation on the transition surface: the inverted wedge structure is from the perspective of the projection of the absorber on the broad side, the waveguide is a three-dimensional structure, the projection line of the inverted wedge is spread along the narrow side to form a 'surface', namely a 'transition surface', along the transmission direction of electromagnetic waves, the space is transited from the air to the absorber through an inclined interface, and the interface is the inner side surface of the V-shape in fig. 3.
Based on the inverted wedge structure, the simulation optimization balance can be realized among the working frequency band, the requirement of the reflection coefficient and the length of the absorber.
Waveguide matched loads to which the present disclosure is applicable include, but are not limited to, rectangular waveguide loads, and in particular, waveguide loads that include ridge waveguide, circular waveguide TE10 mode modes of operation.
Aiming at the essential problem that the performance of a transition surface reflection restriction device is limited, the shape of an absorber is designed into an inverted wedge structure along the wide edge of a rectangular waveguide, as shown in fig. 3, the change of a transmission space firstly appears near the narrow edge with the weakest electromagnetic wave electric field intensity, the electromagnetic wave in the middle area of the wide edge with the strongest electric field intensity is normally transmitted, the electromagnetic wave energy is gradually absorbed, the field intensity in the middle area of the wide edge is attenuated and then transited to a consumable material to complete the final absorption, and therefore the overall low reflection effect is achieved.
Verification shows that under the same consumption material and transition surface length, the inverted wedge structure has lower reflection coefficient than a gradual change transmission line formed by the traditional regular wedge structure, or the same low reflection coefficient requirement can be achieved by utilizing the shorter gradual change line length. Fig. 4 shows a comparison of the reflection coefficient of an absorber with the length of the transition surface for a lossy material at a particular operating frequency in a standard three cm waveguide. Therefore, the inverted wedge structure provided by the invention can realize the design thought of waveguide matched load and the jump of device performance indexes.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the black solid line is a general rectangular waveguide, the left end surface is open, and is used as a port for matching the waveguide with the load, and the smaller the reflection coefficient Γ seen by the end surface is, the higher the device function index is in the operating frequency band. A right-hand end face closure is not necessary, but a suitable closure is advantageous to avoid accidental electromagnetic signal leakage or interference.
In the specific embodiment, in fig. 5, gray is an absorber of an inverted wedge structure, the absorber is continuous and integral, the absorber can be spliced by specific processing and installation, and the shape is achieved, and a dotted line is a contour schematic of an existing regular wedge structure.
Example two
The purpose of the embodiment is to provide a waveguide matching load design method based on an inverted-wedge absorber structure. For the mode that the performance of the device is improved by optimizing the transition surface of the absorber according to the narrow-side projection, as shown in fig. 1(a), the inverted wedge structure (V-shaped opening) is superimposed according to the method disclosed by the present disclosure in the direction of the wide-side projection, and the effect of further improving the performance can be also achieved, as shown in fig. 9.
Another prior art absorbent structure, which transitions directly from one long side and/or short side to the opposite side with a slope, has been shown to be less effective than the present invention for the same transition length.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment aims to provide an optimization method for waveguide matching load based on an inverted-wedge absorber structure, which comprises the following steps:
based on an absorber formed by filling the lossy material, the projection of the absorber on the wide side of the rectangular waveguide presents an inverted wedge structure;
incident electromagnetic waves first encounter the absorber at the narrow side of the waveguide, where the absorber transitions through the transition face towards the center of the broad side, and eventually may, but need not, contact each other at the center of the broad side.
This avoids the electric field energy in the middle of the broad side encountering the transport discontinuity formed by the absorber at the time of maximum electric field strength.
As shown in FIG. 5, the right end of the waveguide is filled with a lossy medium as an absorber, and the relative permittivity and permeability are εr、μrThe left section of the absorber is designed as an inverted wedge structure viewed from the broadside of the waveguide, i.e. a V-shaped slope opening to the left, this section being denoted as H. By way of comparison, the conventional matched load design is a straight wedge pointing to the left as shown by the dashed line in the figure, with the dielectric wedge located in the middle of the broad side of the waveguide. The solid filling part L2 at the right end is not generally required and is only used for connecting an absorber, and the wave absorbing effect is favorably improved by properly lengthening. The left-end hollow waveguide L1 is not required.
The absorber in the disclosed embodiment is made of commercially available materials, and H can be determined by simulation based on the above parameters and the structural shape disclosed in the present invention.
The reflection coefficient seen from the end face 1 and the performance technical index of the matched load can be conveniently obtained through simulation or actual measurement. According to design requirements, increasing H to obtain a smaller reflection coefficient, namely improving the performance index of the device; or, according to the specified reflection coefficient requirement, the minimum H length value is obtained to reduce the volume of the device. High Frequency Structure Simulation (HFSS) and actual measurement show that, compared with the currently commonly used regular wedge structure, the inverted wedge structure can obtain a smaller reflection coefficient than the same length H, or can achieve the same reflection coefficient requirement by using a smaller H.
As a common design technique, the H-section can also be designed as a wedge structure viewed from the narrow side of the waveguide and is beneficial for reducing the reflection of the transition surface itself. However, for the same narrow-side projection structure, the wide-side projection inverted wedge structure is superior to the right wedge structure.
Aiming at different working frequency bands and lossy medium materials, the overall performance of the device can be optimized by optimizing the shapes and the lengths of wedge transition surfaces, even by nesting wedges made of different materials.
During optimization, simulation tools are used for testing the effects and trends of different shapes and lengths.
The core of the method is the inverted wedge, namely the simulation optimization under the basic shape of the inverted wedge, which is different from the optimization under the basic shapes of the regular wedge, the plate-shaped asymmetric oblique wedge and the like in the existing method.
The electromagnetic principle of the invention is that the common transmission mode of the rectangular waveguide is TE10 mode, the electric field intensity is distributed in sine along the wide side of the waveguide, the middle intensity is maximum, and the narrow sides at the two sides are zero. As shown in the simulation fig. 6, the discontinuity of the transmission line caused by the positive wedge occurs at the maximum electric field strength first, and although the electromagnetic wave can be attenuated rapidly, it will also cause strong reflection which is difficult to avoid; the discontinuity of the inverted wedge firstly appears at the minimum position of the electric field intensity, so that stronger reflection cannot be caused immediately, and along with the extension of the discontinuity to the middle of the wide edge, the electromagnetic wave energy is gradually absorbed and consumed in transmission, so that the maximum electric field intensity is weakened, larger reflection cannot be reproduced, the reflection of the gradual change transmission line is integrally reduced, and the effect of the wave-absorbing material is favorably exerted. As shown in fig. 7, the inverted wedge induces and attenuates the electric field energy, and simultaneously, the electric field strength in the middle of the wide edge is continuously weakened, so that the medium discontinuity surface is prevented from meeting the strong electric field. This effect is particularly pronounced when the relative dielectric constant of the lossy dielectric material is significantly different from vacuum.
As an illustration of the effects of the present invention, fig. 9 shows a specific example of the design of a three-centimeter standard waveguide matching load, and the full-band reflection coefficients of a device with an inverted wedge and a regular wedge structure are compared under the condition of a specific material and the same transition surface length: the solid line is the reflection coefficient of the inverted wedge matched load and the dotted line is the reflection coefficient of the positive wedge matched load, and at the same time, a slope transition along the narrow edge is performed. As a further comparison, the case of asymmetric ramp transition matching load is also added, as shown by the dotted line. It can be obviously seen that the inverted wedge structure has obvious index advantages in all frequency bands.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (7)
1. Waveguide matched load based on inverted wedge absorber structure, characterized by including: the absorber is of an inverted wedge structure along the wide edge of the rectangular waveguide;
the absorber of the inverted wedge structure enables the change of the transmission space to firstly appear near the narrow edge of the waveguide tube with the weakest electromagnetic wave electric field intensity so as to avoid disturbing the electromagnetic wave in the region with the strongest electric field energy in the middle of the wide edge of the waveguide tube, gradually absorb the electromagnetic wave energy, and enable the field intensity in the middle of the wide edge to be attenuated and then transition to the lossy material to finish the final absorption; the inverted wedge structure is a concave V-shaped structure in the middle of the absorber; the electric field energy in the middle of the wide edge is prevented from encountering the transmission discontinuity formed by the absorber when the electric field intensity is maximum; the electric field intensity in the waveguide tube is distributed in a sine shape along the wide edge, the middle of the wide edge is the largest, and the narrow edges at the two sides are zero;
the absorber with the inverted wedge structure is divided into a first part and a second part, the first part is an inclined plane of a V-shaped opening of a port which is matched with a load to the waveguide, and the second part is a solid filling part connected with the first part and used for connecting the absorber; aiming at different working frequency bands and lossy medium materials, the shape and the length of a transition surface of the inverted wedge are main optimization parameters of a first part of the absorber, and the nesting of wedges made of different absorbing materials can also influence the optimization effect; the length of the first part of the absorber with the inverted wedge structure is in negative correlation with the reflection coefficient, and the corresponding relation is determined through high-frequency structure simulation or actual measurement, so that a smaller reflection coefficient is obtained within an allowable length;
or obtaining the minimum first part length value according to the requirement of the reflection coefficient index so as to reduce the volume of the device.
2. The waveguide matched load based on inverted-wedge absorber structure of claim 1, wherein said waveguide is a rectangular waveguide, at least one end of the rectangular waveguide is open to serve as a port for waveguide matched load, and the absorber is placed at the other end of the waveguide.
3. The waveguide matched load based on an inverted-wedge absorber structure of claim 1 wherein said absorber is applied equally to ridge waveguide or circular waveguide loading.
4. The waveguide matched load based on inverted-wedge absorber structure of claim 2, wherein the other end of said rectangular waveguide opposite to the open end is open or closed.
5. The waveguide matched load based on inverted-wedge absorber structure of claim 1, wherein said absorber is a lossy medium, i.e. has an imaginary part of relative permittivity and an imaginary part of permeability.
6. The waveguide matched load based on an inverted-wedge absorber structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
based on an absorber formed by filling the lossy material, the projection of the absorber on the wide side of the rectangular waveguide presents an inverted wedge structure;
incident electromagnetic waves meet the absorber at the narrow edge of the waveguide, the absorber transits towards the center of the wide edge through the transition surface, and finally contact with each other at the center of the wide edge; or, eventually, do not touch each other at the broadside center;
this avoids the electric field energy in the middle of the broad side encountering the transport discontinuity formed by the absorber at the time of maximum electric field strength.
7. The waveguide matched load based on inverted-wedge absorber structure of claim 6, wherein said transition surface comprises a flat surface.
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| CN106803611A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-06-06 | 中国航天时代电子公司 | A kind of waveguide load |
| CN109904574A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-06-18 | 北京星英联微波科技有限责任公司 | Waveguide load based on electromagnetic wave duality principle |
| CN210926263U (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2020-07-03 | 宜宾市泰众电子科技有限责任公司 | Microwave loader capable of absorbing waves in multiple sections |
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| CN103066356A (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2013-04-24 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | Matched load |
| CN106803611A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-06-06 | 中国航天时代电子公司 | A kind of waveguide load |
| CN109904574A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-06-18 | 北京星英联微波科技有限责任公司 | Waveguide load based on electromagnetic wave duality principle |
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