CN113267206A - Low-cost repeatedly-producible optical fiber non-closed Fabry-Perot sensor - Google Patents
Low-cost repeatedly-producible optical fiber non-closed Fabry-Perot sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN113267206A CN113267206A CN202110616698.XA CN202110616698A CN113267206A CN 113267206 A CN113267206 A CN 113267206A CN 202110616698 A CN202110616698 A CN 202110616698A CN 113267206 A CN113267206 A CN 113267206A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
- G01D5/35309—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
- G01D5/35312—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Fabry Perot
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/3537—Optical fibre sensor using a particular arrangement of the optical fibre itself
- G01D5/35374—Particular layout of the fiber
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/3537—Optical fibre sensor using a particular arrangement of the optical fibre itself
- G01D5/3538—Optical fibre sensor using a particular arrangement of the optical fibre itself using a particular type of fiber, e.g. fibre with several cores, PANDA fiber, fiber with an elliptic core or the like
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost and reproducible optical fiber non-closed Fabry-Perot sensor, which comprises a conducting optical fiber and a sensing optical fiber which are connected; the conducting optical fiber comprises a cladding and a core; the sensing optical fiber comprises a cladding and a fiber core, the cladding is provided with one or more air holes, the free end of the sensing optical fiber is a 45-degree inclined end surface, the fiber core is shorter than the air holes, the air holes in the cladding form at least two reflecting surfaces with jump refractive indexes and parallel to the axial direction of the optical fiber, and at least one non-closed trans-axial Fabry-Perot cavity positioned in the sensing optical fiber is formed; the outer wall of the optical fiber cladding layer is provided with at least one reflecting surface; the normal line of the inclined end surface and the normal line of a reflecting surface formed by the sensing optical fiber shaft and the air hole are positioned in the same plane and form an angle of 45 degrees with the sensing optical fiber shaft. The invention can realize batch production, has low cost and highly consistent sensitivity, and can be used for simultaneously measuring the refractive index and the temperature of gas or liquid or both.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to an optical fiber non-closed Fabry-Perot sensor with low cost and repeatable production.
Background
The fiber Fabry-Perot sensor is a typical representative of optical interference structures, and is a type of optical device which is most popular in current practical application and has the most mature mechanism. The sensor has the advantages of large dynamic range, high sensitivity, good stability, electromagnetic interference resistance, suitability for extreme environments, capability of realizing long-distance multiplexing and the like, and has wide application scenes in the fields of electric power traffic, biochemistry, aerospace, astronomical meteorology, microorganism detection and the like.
The optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor has various types, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that a capillary is used for collimating two optical fibers, a reflection diaphragm is fixed by an external sleeve at a certain distance from the end faces of the optical fibers, a section of special type optical fiber (such as capillary optical fiber or hollow optical fiber) is spliced between two standard single-mode optical fibers, and a micro-bubble structure is formed on the end faces of the optical fibers through special discharge. Although the method for preparing the optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor has low cost and high yield, the following problems exist: the Fabry-Perot cavity is completely closed, only physical quantities such as temperature, strain and the like can be sensed, and the refractive index of environmental gas or liquid cannot be measured; the method has the advantages that the repeatability is poor, the special type optical fibers are obtained through a cutting process, and the dimension consistency of the special type optical fibers is difficult to ensure in batch production, so that the Fabry-Perot cavities prepared each time are difficult to keep consistent, sensors with almost consistent performance parameters are difficult to produce in batch, and complicated calibration work needs to be carried out on different sensors. At present, the optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensors which can be prepared into non-closed cavities and can be produced in batches only have the technologies of femtosecond laser processing, plasma beam etching and the like, but the processing technologies are generally high in cost and long in preparation period, and the practicability of the optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensors is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a low-cost and reproducible optical fiber non-closed Fabry-Perot sensor.
A low-cost and reproducible optical fiber non-closed Fabry-Perot sensor comprises a conducting optical fiber and a sensing optical fiber which are connected; the conducting optical fiber comprises a cladding and a fiber core; the sensing optical fiber comprises a cladding and a fiber core, the cladding is provided with one or more air holes, the free end of the sensing optical fiber is a 45-degree inclined end surface, so that the fiber core is shorter than the air holes, the air holes in the cladding form at least two reflecting surfaces with jump refractive indexes and parallel to the axial direction of the optical fiber, and at least one non-closed trans-axial Fabry-Perot cavity positioned in the sensing optical fiber is formed; the outer wall of the optical fiber cladding layer is provided with at least one reflecting surface; the normal line of the inclined end surface and the normal line of a reflecting surface formed by the sensing optical fiber shaft and the air hole are positioned in the same plane and form an angle of 45 degrees with the sensing optical fiber shaft, and the light of the fiber core is vertically emitted or the light which is vertically emitted into the fiber core is coupled into the fiber core.
The inclined end face is plated with a metal film for increasing the reflectivity.
The cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity is determined by the drawing process of the optical fiber.
The Fabry-Perot cavity is filled with external gas or liquid, so that the refractive index of the environmental gas or liquid is directly measured; or filled with a medium for measuring one or more of temperature, humidity, stress and vibration physical parameters.
The cavity of the Fabry-Perot cavity has different sensitivities to the external refractive index and temperature, so that the double parameters of the refractive index and the temperature of the target detection object are simultaneously demodulated.
The sensing optical fiber is a microstructure optical fiber with at least one air hole in the cladding, and can be a single-side hole optical fiber, a double-side hole optical fiber or a single-core four-hole optical fiber and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the optical fiber unclosed Fabry-Perot sensor with low cost and repeatable production can realize batch production, and parameters of the optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor produced each time can be kept highly consistent; the Fabry-Perot cavity is non-closed, and is suitable for more measurement scenes, particularly for measuring the refractive index of environmental gas or liquid; the cost is low, the preparation process is simple, the yield is high, and the production period is short; because at least three reflecting surfaces exist, a double-Fabry-Perot interference cavity composite structure can be formed, different cavities have different sensitivities to the external refractive index and temperature, and the double parameters of the refractive index and the temperature can be demodulated simultaneously; the Fabry-Perot cavity is positioned in the optical fiber part, so that the structure is more compact.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 1.
The optical fiber comprises a first reflecting surface 1, a second reflecting surface 2, a third reflecting surface 3, an inclined end surface 4, a single-side hole optical fiber cladding 5, an air hole 6, a fiber core 7, a single-side hole optical fiber 8 and a conducting optical fiber 9.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or intervening elements may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, a single-sided hole fiber 8 is used as the sensing fiber. One end of the single-side hole optical fiber 8 is connected with the common conducting optical fiber 9, the other end of the single-side hole optical fiber is polished to form an inclined end face 4, a metal film is plated on the inclined end face 4 and used for increasing reflectivity, the inclined angle of the inclined end face 4 is 45 degrees, light of the fiber core 7 can be vertically emitted into the air hole 6 by rotating 90 degrees, the light passes through the upper surface of the air hole 6 and serves as a first reflecting face 1, the light passes through the lower surface of the air hole 6 and serves as a second reflecting face 2, and the light is emitted into the outer wall of the optical fiber cladding and serves as a third reflecting face 3. It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the single-side-hole optical fiber 8 may be replaced by a micro-structured optical fiber having at least one air hole in a cladding, such as a double-side-hole optical fiber or a single-core four-hole optical fiber.
The cladding of the conducting fiber and the sensing fiber can be different, and the core sizes of the conducting fiber and the sensing fiber are the same or close to each other.
The low-cost and reproducible optical fiber non-closed Fabry-Perot sensor provided by the embodiment can be manufactured by the following preparation method:
1) one end of the single-sided hole optical fiber 8 is connected with a common conducting optical fiber 9.
2) The other end of the single-sided hole optical fiber 8 is cut flat and then placed into a microscope for observation, and the position of the air hole 6 is determined.
3) And clamping the single-side-hole optical fiber 8, putting the single-side-hole optical fiber on a polishing machine, enabling the included angle between the flattened end face and the sand paper to be about 45 degrees, enabling the axis of the air hole 6 and the axis of the fiber core 7 to be in the same plane and perpendicular to the plane of the sand paper, and polishing, wherein the air hole 6 is longer than the fiber core 7.
4) And (3) directly observing the inclined end face 4 of the single-side hole optical fiber 8 through a microscope and observing whether an interference spectrum exists in the reflection spectrum to judge whether the inclined angle of the inclined end face 4 is 45 degrees, if not, adjusting the included angle of the single-side hole optical fiber 8 and the abrasive paper, and repeating the step 3) until the interference spectrum appears.
5) A metal reflecting film is plated on the inclined end face 4.
When the optical fiber works, light of a light source is firstly coupled to a fiber core of a common conducting optical fiber 9, then enters the fiber core 4 of a single-side-hole optical fiber 8, finally enters the inclined end face 4 at an incident angle of 45 degrees, the inclined end face 4 plated with a metal reflecting layer reflects the light to the first reflecting face 1, the second reflecting face 2 and the third reflecting face 3, the three reflecting faces can reflect the light to the intersection position of the inclined end face 4 and the fiber core 7, the inclined end face 4 can re-couple the light to the fiber core 7, the first reflecting face 1, the second reflecting face 2 and a medium between the first reflecting face and the second reflecting face form a Fabry-Perot cavity, the light reflected by the two reflecting faces can generate interference fringes, because the Fabry-Perot cavity is communicated with the outside, outside gas or liquid can flow into the Fabry-Perot cavity, the refractive index change of the gas or liquid can cause the optical path difference change of FP interference, the interference spectrum may drift.
The low-cost reproducible optical fiber non-closed Fabry-Perot sensor has two demodulation methods: wavelength demodulation and power demodulation:
1) the wavelength demodulation is to demodulate the medium refractive index in the Fabry-Perot cavity directly through the reflection spectrum of the Fabry-Perot sensor, the required light source is a broadband light source, and the detector is a spectrometer. In addition, although the reflection light of the third reflection surface 3 is relatively small, the interference is also involved, the interference spectrum of the interference of the three beams can be demodulated on the spectrometer, and the medium between the third reflection surface 3 and the second reflection surface 2 is quartz, so that the double parameters of the refractive index and the temperature, such as the temperature and the medium refractive index, can be simultaneously demodulated. The method has high demodulation precision and accuracy.
2) Power demodulation is based on the principle: as the spectrum shifts, the optical power of the wavelength at the hypotenuse of its curve also changes. The required light source is a monochromatic light source, and the detector is a photoelectric detector. Compared with wavelength demodulation, the method has the advantages of small dynamic range, simple structure, small detector volume, low cost and capability of high-speed detection.
The size consistency of the optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity provided by the embodiment depends on the size consistency of air holes in the sensing optical fiber cladding, and the air holes in the sensing optical fiber cladding are usually produced by adopting a mature precise wire drawing process, so that the diameters of the air holes can be ensured to be consistent along the height of the optical fiber, and the height consistency of the Fabry-Perot cavity prepared each time can be ensured during batch production.
The batch-producible optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensors in the embodiment can ensure that the length and the height of the Fabry-Perot cavity produced each time are consistent, so that the free spectral range of the interference spectrum of each sensor is also highly consistent, and performance index parameters of all the sensors are also highly consistent, including sensitivity, resolution and the like.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A low-cost and reproducible optical fiber non-closed Fabry-Perot sensor is characterized by comprising a conducting optical fiber and a sensing optical fiber which are connected;
the conducting optical fiber comprises a cladding and a fiber core;
the sensing optical fiber comprises a cladding and a fiber core, the cladding is provided with one or more air holes, the free end of the sensing optical fiber is a 45-degree inclined end surface, so that the fiber core is shorter than the air holes, the air holes in the cladding form at least two reflecting surfaces with jump refractive indexes and parallel to the axial direction of the optical fiber, and at least one non-closed trans-axial Fabry-Perot cavity positioned in the sensing optical fiber is formed; the outer wall of the optical fiber cladding layer is provided with at least one reflecting surface; the normal line of the inclined end surface and the normal line of a reflecting surface formed by the sensing optical fiber shaft and the air hole are positioned in the same plane and form an angle of 45 degrees with the sensing optical fiber shaft, and the light of the fiber core is vertically emitted or the light which is vertically emitted into the fiber core is coupled into the fiber core.
2. The fiber-optic unclosed fabry-perot sensor according to claim 1, wherein the slanted end face is coated with a metal film for increasing reflectivity.
3. The fiber-optic unclosed fabry-perot sensor according to claim 1, wherein the cavity length of the fabry-perot cavity is determined by a fiber drawing process.
4. The fiber interior non-enclosed trans-axial Fabry-Perot cavity according to claim 1, wherein the Fabry-Perot cavity is filled with external gas or liquid, so as to directly measure the refractive index of the environmental gas or liquid; or filled with a medium for measuring one or more of temperature, humidity, stress and vibration physical parameters.
5. The fiber-optic unclosed Fabry-Perot sensor according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the cavity of the Fabry-Perot cavity has different sensitivities to external refractive index and temperature, thereby realizing the simultaneous demodulation of the refractive index and temperature parameters of the target detection object.
6. The fiber-optic unclosed fabry-perot sensor according to claim 1, wherein the sensing fiber is a single-edge hole fiber, a double-edge hole fiber, or a single-edge four-hole fiber.
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CN115096341A (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-09-23 | 浙江大学 | Side-edge light-focusing composite optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor |
CN115096341B (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-11-15 | 浙江大学 | Side-edge light-focusing composite optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor |
CN117630411A (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2024-03-01 | 海南大学 | High-integration vector flow field sensor |
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