CN113265557B - Preparation device and method of foamed aluminum with highly controllable porosity - Google Patents
Preparation device and method of foamed aluminum with highly controllable porosity Download PDFInfo
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- CN113265557B CN113265557B CN202110558419.9A CN202110558419A CN113265557B CN 113265557 B CN113265557 B CN 113265557B CN 202110558419 A CN202110558419 A CN 202110558419A CN 113265557 B CN113265557 B CN 113265557B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
- C22C1/083—Foaming process in molten metal other than by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/086—Gas foaming process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
- G01B11/0608—Height gauges
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of pressurizing devices and porous metal foam materials, and discloses a device and a method for preparing foamed aluminum with highly controllable porosity. The pressurization seal tank comprises a seal tank body and a tank cover, wherein the seal tank body and the tank cover are tightly combined through a quick fastening device, and the sealing performance of the pressurization seal tank is ensured. Through pressure display and accuse pressure device, the foaming initial stage keeps higher pressure in the sealed jar, and in the middle stage of foaming, to the environment in the sealed jar operation of vary voltage, gravity drainage phenomenon is not obvious when the foam slowly expands. The expansion height of the foamed aluminum can be directly and timely observed through the laser ranging device, so that the heat preservation time is determined. According to the invention, the process and the end point of the foaming reaction are controlled, so that the foamed aluminum with highly controllable porosity is prepared, and the usable part of the foamed aluminum sample accounts for a higher proportion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of porous metal foam materials, and particularly relates to a device and a method for preparing foamed aluminum with highly controllable porosity.
Background
The foamed aluminum is a porous metal material taking pure aluminum or aluminum alloy as a matrix, and has various excellent properties such as sound absorption and sound insulation, high porosity, good energy absorption performance, good electromagnetic shielding performance, good damping and shock absorption performance and the like. The method is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, transportation, electronic communication, construction machinery and the like, and the research becomes one of important research contents in the technical field of material science at home and abroad. The existing mature methods for preparing foamed aluminum are powder metallurgy, blowing foaming and direct melt foaming. The powder metallurgy method is a method for preparing the foamed aluminum material by mixing aluminum powder or aluminum alloy powder with foaming agent powder, and has the defects of complex preparation process and high production cost. The foamed aluminum material produced by the blowing foaming method has the problem of uneven pore distribution. The melt direct foaming method has simple process flow, low production cost, capability of preparing large-scale plates and wide industrial application prospect. The basic principle is that pure aluminum or aluminum alloy is melted, thickener is added to increase the viscosity of the aluminum melt to prevent bubbles from overflowing from the melt, then foaming agent is added, and finally the gas generated by the foaming agent is retained in the melt after cooling.
However, the existing direct melt foaming method has some disadvantages, and when the direct melt foaming method is applied to prepare the foamed aluminum product, the proportion of the actually used part of the prepared foamed aluminum is lower, and the porosity of the usable part is not controllable at all, which directly causes the increase of the waste sample of the prepared foamed aluminum and increases the unnecessary manufacturing cost.
The above disadvantages are caused by the fact that there is no relevant device and means to control the initial, middle and end points of the foaming process, the generation and combination of bubbles in each foaming process is not measurable and difficult to control, so that the growth, combination and floating up processes of bubbles in the foaming process of the foamed aluminum cannot be inhibited, gravity drainage causes the lower part of the prepared foamed aluminum to have a higher solid aluminum layer, the larger part of the upper part has particularly high porosity, and only the middle part is barely available. Moreover, even in the intermediate usable portion, since a suitable foaming end point cannot be determined, the porosity of the foamed aluminum in the intermediate portion is not necessarily a target porosity, which results in low controllability of the entire foaming result. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an apparatus and method for controlling the entire foaming process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for preparing foamed aluminum with highly controllable porosity, which can inhibit the growth and merging of bubbles by applying larger gas pressure to a foaming body at the initial stage of foaming. After entering the foaming middle section, the gas pressure is slowly adjusted, so that the foamed aluminum is slowly and controllably expanded. According to the different porosity of the required foamed aluminum, the foaming process is stopped at a proper height by observing the expansion height of the foamed aluminum in time, so that the aim of controlling the foaming end point is fulfilled. Thereby directly and effectively controlling the initial stage, the middle stage and the final stage of the foaming process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a preparation device of foamed aluminum with highly controllable porosity, which comprises a pressurization sealing tank, a pressure display and control device and a laser distance measuring device.
The pressurization seal tank comprises a tank body and a tank cover, wherein the tank cover and the tank body are designed in a separated mode and are connected through a quick fastening device, and fixing and dismounting are achieved. The center of the tank cover is provided with a transparent observation window, for example, a transparent pressure-resistant glass structure is adopted. The laser ranging device is arranged above the transparent observation window and can emit laser to pass through the transparent observation window to measure the expansion height of the foamed aluminum.
Preferably, the outer side of the upper part of the pressurization sealing tank is provided with a circulating cooling water pipeline, so that the sealing structure on the upper part of the tank body can normally work at high temperature.
The pressure display and control device comprises an argon bottle as a pressurizing gas bottle, and a gas channel is arranged on the pressurizing sealing tank and is communicated with the argon bottle through a hard rubber tube and the like. The pressure display and control device can be used for introducing argon gas with specified pressure into the tank according to requirements after the pressurization sealing tank is sealed through devices such as a digital display pressure regulating valve and the like, and accurately controlling the pressure value in the tank.
In the foaming process, a laser beam emitted by a laser distance measuring device positioned right above the pressure sealing tank can penetrate through a transparent observation window of the tank cover to display the precise distance value between the laser beam and the top of the foaming body (foamed aluminum melt), the height of the foaming body after expansion can be obtained by combining the known distance between the laser distance measuring device and the bottom of the crucible, and the expansion curve of the foaming body is displayed in a computer through software.
Preferably, the foamed aluminum preparation device can further comprise a stirrer and a forklift, the stirrer is used for stirring molten aluminum, additives such as a tackifier and a foaming agent, and the forklift is used for quickly and stably lifting the pressurization sealing tank out of the high-temperature furnace.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the foamed aluminum with controllable porosity by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing materials according to a mass ratio, wherein the raw materials comprise pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, a tackifier and a foaming agent; ca can be used as tackifier, and TiH can be used as foaming agent2The mass ratio of the three is preferably pure aluminum or aluminum alloy: tackifier: blowing agent = (95-97.5): (2-3.5): (0.5-1.5).
And 2, placing pure aluminum or aluminum alloy into the crucible, placing the crucible into a pressurized sealing tank, and hermetically combining the tank cover and the tank body through a quick fastening device, wherein the crucible is a place for foaming the melt. Checking the air tightness of the device, after ensuring the air tightness of the device, arranging the tank body in a high-temperature furnace, and opening cooling water if the upper part of the tank body is provided with a circulating cooling water pipeline. The furnace temperature is set to 750-850 ℃ and the temperature is constant until the pure aluminum or the aluminum alloy is melted into a melt.
And 3, opening the quick fastening device, adding the tackifier into the melt and stirring, preferably, stirring by using a stirrer at the rotating speed of 500-900rpm for 4-8 min.
And step 4, adjusting the temperature of the melt to 630-. Then cover the cover fast, use quick fastener to guarantee the jar body leakproofness, open laser rangefinder, inject argon gas pressurization in the sealed jar simultaneously, make jar internal atmospheric pressure reach 4-5 standard atmospheric pressure, keep jar internal atmospheric pressure 10-15min, make jar internal higher atmospheric pressure of keeping through pressure control device like this at the initial stage of foaming, can restrain growing up and the come-up of bubble, reduce gravity flowing back, increase the proportion of available part in the foamed aluminum who prepares.
And then slowly reducing the pressure in the pressure sealing tank, preferably at a pressure reduction speed of 0.005-0.02MPa/s, until the pressure in the pressure sealing tank is at 0-3.5 standard atmospheric pressures, so that the slow pressure reduction can keep the slow and controllable expansion speed of the foamed aluminum. The expansion height of the foam, or the expansion curve of the foamed aluminum, is monitored by means of a laser distance measuring device. When the expansion height reaches a reasonable expected expansion height, the heat preservation is stopped.
And 5, after the heat preservation is finished, cooling the tank body to room temperature under the condition of keeping the air pressure in the tank unchanged, and then taking out the crucible, wherein if the air pressure in the tank is higher than 1 standard atmospheric pressure, the crucible is taken out after the pressure needs to be unloaded. The foamed aluminum with uniform foam holes and controllable porosity is obtained.
In the above method, the expected expansion height in step 4 may be determined according to actual needs, or may refer to the following formula:
H=h0/（1-P）
wherein h is0The original height of the melt in the crucible before the addition of the foaming agent, P the porosity of the aluminum foam to be obtained, and H the desired height of expansion of the foam when the porosity of the aluminum foam to be obtained is reached, i.e., the desired height of expansion. In practice, some adjustment may be made to the predicted swell height value actually used, for example, 0.8 to 1.3 times the theoretical H value as described above.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
adding viscosity increasers such as massive metal calcium and the like into the melt at a proper temperature to increase the viscosity of the aluminum melt, so that the overflow of gas in the melt can be inhibited, and the foaming process is facilitated; then the foaming agent (such as TiH) is added at a suitable adjusted temperature2Powder) into the melt mixture, in which environment the foaming agent TiH2Quickly decomposing to generate hydrogen, foaming in the melt, and cooling to solidify. At this time, while the airtightness of the pressure sealed tank is ensured, a large amount of argon gas is introduced into the tank as a pressurized gas, so that a high pressure is maintained in the pressure sealed tank. The higher gas pressure effectively inhibits the growth and combination of bubbles, so that the bubbles in the stage are smaller, the phenomena of bubble floating and gravity drainage are effectively inhibited, and thus, a solid aluminum layer and a top part are arranged at the bottom of a foamed aluminum sample in a melt direct foaming methodThe problem of extremely high porosity can be solved to a greater extent. The high pressure is kept until the foaming agent is completely decomposed, then the pressure in the tank is properly and slowly reduced, the pressure generated by bubbles in the foaming body is greater than the pressure in the tank, the diameter of the bubbles is slightly increased under the action of the pressure of the bubbles in the tank, the porosity of the foamed aluminum is increased along with the increase of the porosity of the foamed aluminum, the foaming body starts to slowly expand, at the moment, the corresponding porosity can be judged in a mode of measuring the expansion height, the expansion height and the expansion curve of the foaming body measured by a laser ranging device are used for determining the end point of the foaming reaction, and the foamed aluminum with the controllable porosity and the height is obtained.
In summary, increasing the pressure at the beginning of foaming can improve the controllability of the initial foaming stage, slowly reducing the pressure in the tank during the foaming process can improve the controllability of the middle foaming stage, and the laser ranging device can improve the controllability of the determination of the foaming end point by measuring the expansion height of the foamed aluminum, and the methods are combined to obtain the foamed aluminum preparation method with highly controllable porosity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention utilizes the air pressure generated by the pressurizing device to act on the aluminum liquid, controls the growth and merging phenomenon of bubbles in the foaming process, ensures that the aperture of the bubble generated in the foaming process is smaller, effectively inhibits the gravity drainage phenomenon, solves the problems of the bottom solid aluminum layer and the top extremely high porosity to a greater extent, and is beneficial to preparing the foamed aluminum with usable part accounting for a higher proportion in the whole sample. By utilizing the device and the method, the foamed aluminum with highly controllable porosity can be prepared, the probability of producing unqualified waste samples is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
2. The invention changes the air pressure in the tank in time in the foaming process, so that the foamed aluminum expands at a slow speed; according to the different porosity of the samples to be prepared, the foaming end point is judged through the expansion curve measured by the laser ranging device, the pressure maintaining and heat preservation time is adjusted in time, the preparation requirements of the foam samples with different porosities can be basically met, and the prepared foam aluminum samples are uniform in pore shape and good in mechanical property.
3. Through the quick fastening device on the tank body, TiH can be achieved2After the addition and the stirring are finished, the tank cover and the tank body are quickly combined, good air tightness is ensured, and good conditions are created for the subsequent pressurizing and foaming processes.
4. The proportion of usable parts of the foamed aluminum prepared by the device and the method in the invention in the whole foamed aluminum sample is higher, and the porosity of the foamed aluminum is well controlled and can be adjusted between 60 percent and 90 percent according to the target requirement.
5. The device of the invention can also be used for preparing other foam metal materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for preparing foamed aluminum with controllable porosity according to an embodiment of the present invention:
wherein: a high temperature furnace 1; a tank body 2 of the pressurized sealing tank; a crucible 3; pressurizing and sealing the tank cover 4; a quick fastening device 5; a laser ranging device 6; a computer and display 7; an argon bottle 8; a pressure display and control device 9; the cooling water pipe 10 is circulated.
FIG. 2 is a sample of the aluminum foam prepared in examples 1 and 2 of the present invention. The left is the preparation of example 1 and the right is the preparation of example 2.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a preparation device of foamed aluminum with highly controllable porosity, which comprises a pressurization sealing tank body 2, a crucible 3, a pressurization sealing tank cover 4, a laser distance measuring device 6, a gas cylinder 8 and the like which are arranged in a high-temperature furnace 1.
In this connection, the pressure-tight can lid 4 is connected to the pressure-tight can body 2 by means of a quick-fastening device 5 and ensures gas tightness. The laser emitted from the bottom of the laser distance measuring device 6 contacts and reflects the top of the foaming body in the crucible 3 through a transparent observation window in the middle of the pressure sealing tank cover 4, the measured data is transmitted to a computer and a display 7, and the expansion curve of the foaming body is displayed in real time through software.
Argon in the argon bottle 8 enters the pressurizing sealing tank through the pressure display and control device 9 through a pipeline, and when the air pressure displayed by the pressure display and control device 9 meets the requirement, the further increase of the air supply is stopped.
The outside of the tank cover 4 of the pressurization sealing tank is provided with a circulating cooling water pipeline 10, so that the sealing structure between the tank cover and the tank body is prevented from losing efficacy at high temperature.
In addition, a stirrer and a forklift are arranged, which belong to the prior art and are not shown in the figure.
A preparation method of foamed aluminum with highly controllable porosity adopts a preparation device of foamed aluminum with highly controllable porosity as shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing materials according to a certain mass fraction ratio: pure aluminum or aluminum alloy: tackifier (Ca): foaming agent (TiH)2）=（95）：（3.5）：（1.5）；
And 2, placing pure aluminum or aluminum alloy into the crucible 3, placing the crucible into the pressure sealing tank body 2, sealing and combining the pressure sealing tank cover 4 and the pressure sealing tank body 2 through the quick fastening device 5, and checking the air tightness of the device. After the air tightness of the device is ensured, the tank body 2 of the pressurization sealing tank is placed in a high-temperature furnace 1, and cooling water is introduced. Setting the furnace temperature at 800 deg.c, and maintaining the temperature until pure aluminum or aluminum alloy is molten into melt.
And 3, opening the quick fastening device 5, adding the tackifier into the aluminum liquid, and stirring at the rotating speed of 900rpm by using a stirrer for 8 min.
And 4, adjusting the temperature of the melt to 700 ℃ by using a temperature control device, adding a foaming agent into the melt, and stirring at a stirring speed of 2500rpm for 5 min. And then quickly covering a tank cover 4 of the pressurized sealing tank, ensuring the sealing property of the tank body by using a quick fastening device 5, and opening a laser ranging device 6. Simultaneously, the pressure display and control device 9 at the top of the gas bottle 8 is opened to introduce argon with the pressure value of 5 standard atmospheric pressure values into the gas bottle, the pressure is kept for 15min, then the pressure in the pressurization sealing tank is slowly reduced at the speed of 0.005MPa/s, and finally the pressure of the argon in the pressurization sealing tank is kept at 3 standard atmospheric pressures. And (4) observing a computer and a display 7 connected with the laser distance measuring device 6 until the expansion height displayed by the expansion curve on the screen reaches 50mm, and finishing heat preservation.
And 5, after the heat preservation is finished, lifting the tank body 2 of the pressurization sealing tank by using a forklift, cooling the tank body under the condition of keeping the air pressure in the tank unchanged, unloading the pressure, and taking out the crucible 3 to obtain the foamed aluminum with well-controlled foaming height.
The foamed aluminum obtained in this example has a porosity of 61%, a foaming height of 100mm, a uniform internal pore structure, and a ratio of the bottom solid aluminum layer and the top extremely high porosity region in the entire sample of less than 20%, as shown in fig. 2 (left).
It should be noted that the purpose of this patent is to obtain a preparation method of foamed aluminum with highly controllable porosity by maintaining a high pressure in the tank in the early stage of foaming, adjusting the pressure in the tank in the middle stage of foaming, and determining the length of the heat preservation time by the laser distance measuring device. This example was conducted to prepare an aluminum foam having a relatively low porosity, and as a result, the intended purpose was achieved.
Example 2
The manufacturing apparatus used in this example was the same as in example 1.
A preparation method of foamed aluminum with highly controllable porosity comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing materials according to a certain mass fraction ratio: pure aluminum or aluminum alloy: tackifier (Ca): foaming agent (TiH)2）=（96）：（2.8）：（1.2）；
And 2, placing pure aluminum or aluminum alloy into the crucible 3, placing the crucible into the pressure sealing tank body 2, sealing and combining the pressure sealing tank cover 4 and the pressure sealing tank body 2 through the quick fastening device 5, and checking the air tightness of the device. After the air tightness of the device is ensured, the tank body 2 of the pressurization sealing tank is placed in a high-temperature furnace 1, and cooling water is introduced. Setting the furnace temperature at 800 deg.c, and maintaining the temperature until pure aluminum or aluminum alloy is molten into melt.
And 3, opening the quick fastening device 5, adding the tackifier into the aluminum liquid, and stirring at the rotating speed of 900rpm by using a stirrer for 8 min.
And 4, adjusting the temperature of the melt to 700 ℃ by using a temperature control device, adding a foaming agent into the melt, and stirring at a stirring speed of 2500rpm for 5 min. And then quickly covering a tank cover 4 of the pressurized sealing tank, ensuring the sealing property of the tank body by using a quick fastening device 5, and opening a laser ranging device 6. Simultaneously, the pressure display and control device 9 at the top of the gas bottle 8 is opened to introduce argon with the pressure value of 4 standard atmospheric pressure values into the gas bottle, the pressure is kept for 10min, and then the pressure in the pressurization sealing tank is slowly reduced at the speed of 0.02MPa/s, so that the pressure of the argon in the pressurization sealing tank is at 0.5 standard atmospheric pressure. And (5) observing a computer and a display 7 connected with the laser ranging device 6 until the expansion height displayed by the expansion curve on the screen reaches 300mm, and finishing heat preservation.
And 5, after the heat preservation is finished, lifting the tank body 2 of the pressurization sealing tank by using a forklift, cooling the tank body under the condition of keeping the pressure unchanged, unloading the pressure, and taking out the crucible 3 to obtain the foamed aluminum with well-controlled aperture, hole shape and foaming height.
The foamed aluminum with well-controlled pore shape, pore diameter and foaming height is shown in fig. 2 (right), the porosity of the foamed aluminum is 88%, the foaming height is 300mm, the internal pore structure is uniform, and the proportion of the bottom solid aluminum layer and the top extremely high porosity area in the whole sample is less than 10%.
It should be noted that the present invention aims to obtain a method for preparing foamed aluminum with highly controllable porosity by maintaining a high pressure in a tank at the early stage of foaming, adjusting the pressure in the tank during the middle stage of foaming, and determining the length of the heat preservation time by a laser distance measuring device. This example is to prepare an aluminum foam with a higher porosity, and it is clear that the desired objective is achieved as a result.
Example 3
The manufacturing apparatus used in this example was the same as in example 1.
A preparation method of foamed aluminum with highly controllable porosity comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing materials according to a certain mass fraction ratio: pure aluminum or aluminum alloy: tackifier (Ca): foaming agent (TiH)2）=（96）：（2.2）：（0.6）；
And 2, placing pure aluminum into the crucible 3, placing the crucible into the pressure sealing tank body 2, sealing and combining the pressure sealing tank cover 4 and the pressure sealing tank body 2 through the quick fastening device 5, and checking the air tightness of the device. After the air tightness of the device is ensured, the tank body 2 of the pressurization sealing tank is placed in a high-temperature furnace 1, and cooling water is introduced. The furnace temperature is set to 850 ℃, and the temperature is kept constant until pure aluminum or aluminum alloy is melted into melt.
And 3, opening the rapid fastening device 5, adding the tackifier into the aluminum liquid, and stirring at the rotating speed of 700rpm by using a stirrer for 4 min.
And 4, adjusting the temperature of the melt to 650 ℃ by using a temperature control device, adding a foaming agent into the melt, and stirring at a stirring speed of 3000rpm for 2 min. And then quickly covering a tank cover 4 of the pressurized sealing tank, ensuring the sealing property of the tank body by using a quick fastening device 5, and opening a laser ranging device 6. And simultaneously opening a pressure display and control device 9 at the top of the gas bottle 8, introducing argon with the pressure value of 4.5 standard atmospheric pressure values into the gas bottle, keeping the pressure for 12min, then reducing the pressure in the pressurization sealing tank at the speed of 0.01MPa/s, and finally enabling the pressure of the argon in the pressurization sealing tank to be at 1.5 standard atmospheric pressures. Observing the computer and display 7 connected to the laser distance measuring device 6, the initial height of the melt is 50mm in this example, and the preparation of foamed aluminium with a porosity of about 75% is planned, so that the incubation is ended when the expansion height indicated by the expansion curve on the screen reaches 200 mm.
And 5, after the heat preservation is finished, lifting the tank body 2 of the pressurization sealing tank by using a forklift, cooling the tank body under the condition of keeping the pressure unchanged, unloading the pressure, and taking out the crucible 3 to obtain a foamed aluminum sample with well-controlled aperture, hole shape and foaming height.
Example 4
The manufacturing apparatus used in this example was the same as in example 1.
A preparation method of foamed aluminum with highly controllable porosity comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing materials according to a certain mass fraction ratio: pure or aluminium alloyGold: tackifier (Ca): foaming agent (TiH)2）=（97）：（2.5）：（0.8）；
And 2, placing pure aluminum or aluminum alloy into the crucible 3, placing the crucible into the pressure sealing tank body 2, sealing and combining the pressure sealing tank cover 4 and the pressure sealing tank body 2 through the quick fastening device 5, and checking the air tightness of the device. After the air tightness of the device is ensured, the tank body 2 of the pressurization sealing tank is placed in a high-temperature furnace 1, and cooling water is introduced. The furnace temperature is set to 750 ℃, and the temperature is kept constant until pure aluminum or aluminum alloy is melted into melt.
And 3, opening the quick fastening device 5, adding the tackifier into the aluminum liquid, and stirring at the rotating speed of 500rpm by using a stirrer for 6 min.
And 4, adjusting the temperature of the melt to 630 ℃ by using a temperature control device, adding a foaming agent into the melt, and stirring at a stirring speed of 1200rpm for 5 min. And then quickly covering a tank cover 4 of the pressurized sealing tank, ensuring the sealing property of the tank body by using a quick fastening device 5, and opening a laser ranging device 6. And simultaneously opening the pressure display and control device 9 at the top of the gas bottle 8, introducing argon with the pressure value of 5 standard atmospheric pressure values into the gas bottle, keeping the pressure for 10min, then reducing the pressure in the pressurization sealing tank at the speed of 0.015MPa/s, and finally enabling the pressure of the argon in the pressurization sealing tank to be at 2 standard atmospheric pressures. Observing the computer and display 7 connected to the laser distance measuring device 6, the initial height of the melt is 60mm in this example, which is intended to produce an aluminium foam with a porosity of about 60%, so that the incubation is ended when the expansion height indicated by the expansion curve on the screen reaches about 150 mm.
And 5, after the heat preservation is finished, lifting the tank body 2 of the pressurization sealing tank by using a forklift, cooling the tank body under the condition of keeping the pressure unchanged, unloading the pressure, and taking out the crucible 3 to obtain a foamed aluminum sample with well-controlled aperture, hole shape and foaming height.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of foamed aluminum with highly controllable porosity is characterized in that an adopted foamed aluminum preparation device has the following characteristics: comprises a pressurization sealing tank, a pressure display and control device and a laser ranging device; the pressurized sealing tank comprises a tank body and a tank cover, the tank body and the tank cover are connected through a quick fastening device, a transparent observation window is arranged in the middle of the tank cover of the pressurized sealing tank, and a laser ranging device is arranged above the transparent observation window and can emit laser to measure the expansion height of the foamed aluminum through the transparent observation window; the pressure display and control device comprises an argon bottle, the pressurization sealing tank is provided with a gas channel, and the gas channel is communicated with the argon bottle;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing materials according to a mass ratio, wherein the raw materials comprise pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, a tackifier and a foaming agent;
step 2, placing pure aluminum or aluminum alloy into a crucible, placing the crucible into a pressurized sealing tank, sealing and combining a tank cover and a tank body through a quick fastening device, checking the air tightness of the device, placing the tank body into a high-temperature furnace after ensuring the air tightness of the device, setting the furnace temperature to 750-;
step 3, opening the quick fastening device, adding the tackifier into the melt and stirring;
step 4, adjusting the temperature of the melt to be at the temperature of 630-;
and 5, after the heat preservation is finished, cooling the tank body to room temperature under the condition of keeping the air pressure in the tank unchanged, and then taking out the crucible to obtain the foamed aluminum with uniform pores and controllable porosity.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the porosity of the foam is controlled by a controlled amount of oxygenThen, the tackifier is Ca and the foaming agent is TiH2The mass ratio is as follows: pure aluminum or aluminum alloy: tackifier: blowing agent = (95-97.5): (2-3.5): (0.5-1.5).
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stirring in step 3 is performed at 500-900rpm for 4-8min by using a stirrer.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stirring in step 4 is carried out at a stirring speed of 1200-3000rpm for 2-5 min.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the reduction rate of the pressure in the pressurized can in step 4 is 0.005 to 0.02 MPa/s.
6. The method for preparing foamed aluminum with controllable porosity according to claim 1, wherein a circulating cooling water pipe is provided on the outer side of the upper part of the pressurized sealing tank.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the apparatus further comprises a forklift and a stirrer.
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Citations (4)
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| CN1558806A (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2004-12-29 | ���Ͽع�����˾ | Method and apparatus for low pressure aluminum foam casting |
| CN103820669A (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2014-05-28 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing aluminum base foam material by utilizing negative pressure foaming |
| CN104942269A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-30 | 尚诚德 | Device for improving foaming uniformity of foamed aluminum and foaming technology |
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