CN110052615A - A kind of method that precinct laser fusion prepares high strength alumin ium alloy - Google Patents
A kind of method that precinct laser fusion prepares high strength alumin ium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of methods that precinct laser fusion prepares high strength alumin ium alloy; the following steps are included: providing high strength alumin ium alloy spherical powder and function and service particle; the function and service particle is the mixture of hard phase and alloying element phase; by the high strength alumin ium alloy spherical powder and the function and service particle mixed processing, mixed powder is obtained；Under inert atmosphere conditions, using precinct laser fusion equipment in laser power 190-220W, 70 μm of lasing beam diameter, scanning speed 115-155mm/s, 40-80 μm of sweep span, 70 μm of powder layer thickness, powder preheats under conditions of 150-250 DEG C, precinct laser fusion forming, natural cooling prepare high strength alumin ium alloy workpiece after coming out.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material 3D printing fields more particularly to a kind of precinct laser fusion to prepare high strength alumin ium alloy
Method.
Background technique
Selective laser melting process is the important branch in metal 3D printing family, can utilize the direct local melting gold of laser
Belong to powder, realize the fast precise forming of complex parts, and has been achieved with stainless steel, high-strength steel, titanium alloy, high temperature alloy, casting
Make the forming of the materials such as aluminium alloy, cochrome.But it is being widely used in aerospace, weaponry, auto industry and electricity
The high strength alumin ium alloy complex precise component manufacture view of the high-end fields such as son, cannot but play a role well.Because of high-strength aluminium
The alloying level of alloy is high, and freezing range is big, and hot tearing sensibility is high, the high temperature generated during precinct laser fusion
Under (3000 DEG C or more), micro- molten bath (20-120 μm), rapid cooling curing condition (solidification rate is up to 5m/s), easily because of solidification
Shrink generate hole and through entire crystal grain fire check defect and along crystal boundary extend, seriously affect the formability and power of the alloy
Learn performance.
The isometric crystal structure of fine uniform, which can accommodate, to be strained and prevents crackle.Increased in melt process of setting
Cold degree is the key point for obtaining ideal isometric crystal structure, however, diffusion coefficient when due to aluminothermy conductance height, alloying element liquid
Greatly, the solidification rate and temperature gradient that precinct laser fusion is formed are difficult to generate big degree of supercooling.Before solidification front, height is provided
Density, the heterogeneous nucleation mass point of low energy barrier, degree of supercooling needed for isometric crystals growth capable of being reduced.
Although currently having carried out both at home and abroad some by crystal grain refinement improvement precinct laser fusion forming high strength alumin ium alloy heat
The research work split simultaneously obtains certain achievement, but research emphasis is focusing only on adjusting process parameter and additional/interior raw nanoscale
The heterogeneous nucleation mass point of mono-/multi- phase adds mono-/multi- kind alloying element only to refine crystal grain, and there are still hole or heat for gained alloy
The problems such as crack defect, and mechanical property is very poor.As American scholar (Nature, 2017,549,365-369.) is thin using ZrH2
The 7075 high strength alumin ium alloy crystal grain for changing precinct laser fusion forming, although solving the problems, such as hot tearing to a certain extent, institute
The tensile strength of drip molding is obtained less than 400MPa, far below casting-deformation conventional method acquisition alloy (580MPa or more).Than
Sharp Shi Xuezhe (J.Mater.Process Tech., 2016,238,437-445.) adds Si element in the powder, can refine choosing
The crystal grain of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high strength alumin ium alloy of area's laser fusing forming, but alloy consistency is very low.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods that precinct laser fusion prepares high strength alumin ium alloy, it is intended to solve existing
Technology precinct laser fusion shape high strength alumin ium alloy method, generate hole and through entire crystal grain fire check defect and along crystalline substance
The problem of boundary extends, and seriously affects the formability and mechanical property of the alloy.
For achieving the above object, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method that precinct laser fusion prepares high strength alumin ium alloy, comprising the following steps:
High strength alumin ium alloy spherical powder and function and service particle are provided, the function and service particle is hard phase and alloy member
The high strength alumin ium alloy spherical powder and the function and service particle mixed processing are obtained mixed powder by the mixture of plain phase；
Under inert atmosphere conditions, using precinct laser fusion equipment in laser power 190-220W, 70 μm of lasing beam diameter,
Scanning speed 115-155mm/s, 40-80 μm of sweep span, 70 μm of powder layer thickness, under conditions of powder preheats 150-250 DEG C, choosing
Area's laser fusing, rear natural cooling to be formed, prepares high strength alumin ium alloy workpiece.
Preferably, the granularity of the high strength alumin ium alloy spherical powder is 200 mesh, and D90 is 40-50 μm；
The partial size of the hard phase is 30-50nm；The partial size of the alloying element phase is 30-50 μm.
Preferably, the partial size of the hard phase is 40nm；The partial size of the alloying element phase is 40 μm.
Preferably, in the function and service particle, the volume ratio of the hard phase and the alloying element phase is 1:1.
Preferably, the hard phase be selected from one of titanium carbide, titanium carbonitride, the alloying element be mutually selected from Ti, Hf,
One of Sc, Y, Zr, Sr.
Preferably, the hard phase is titanium carbide, and the alloying element is mutually Ti.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the high strength alumin ium alloy spherical powder and the function and service particle is 100:(0.01-
10)。
Preferably, the mass ratio of the high strength alumin ium alloy spherical powder and the function and service particle is 100:(1-2).
Preferably, the function and service particle the preparation method comprises the following steps: the hard phase and the alloying element are mixed
Afterwards, it is placed in ball mill, ball-milling treatment is carried out using the microballoon of 2-16mm, obtains function and service particle.
Preferably, in the step of precinct laser fusion, the intracorporal vacuum degree of precinct laser fusion equipment cavity is 10- 3Pa。
The method that precinct laser fusion provided by the invention prepares high strength alumin ium alloy will have and dive as heterogeneous forming core core
The hard phase of power and the alloying element that can be reacted in molten aluminum mix the function and service particle and the high-strength aluminium of composition
Precinct laser fusion is carried out after the mixing of alloy spherical powder, it is high that precinct laser fusion forming may be implemented in the function and service particle
Strength aluminum alloy crystal grain refinement, the high strength alumin ium alloy for shaping precinct laser fusion have the equiaxed grain structure that can accommodate strain, keep away
Exempt from hot tearing and hole defect, improve the mechanical property of alloy, it is hereby achieved that uniform small grains, without obvious crackle, densification
The precinct laser fusion forming high strength alumin ium alloy test specimen of degree height, good mechanical performance, has practical application value.In addition, this hair
The precinct laser fusion of bright offer prepares the method and process advantages of simple of high strength alumin ium alloy, high production efficiency, in high strength alumin ium alloy
There are good industrial applications potentiality in terms of 3D printing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the microscopic appearance figure for the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high strength alumin ium alloy drip molding that comparative example 1 of the present invention provides；
Fig. 2 is the microscopic appearance figure for the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high strength alumin ium alloy drip molding that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides.
Specific embodiment
In order to which technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention are more clearly understood, below in conjunction with
Embodiment, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only used to explain
The present invention is not intended to limit the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " first ", " second " are used for description purposes only, and cannot
It is interpreted as indication or suggestion relative importance or implicitly indicates the quantity of indicated technical characteristic.Define as a result, " the
One ", the feature of " second " can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.In the description of the present invention,
The meaning of " plurality " is two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of methods that precinct laser fusion prepares high strength alumin ium alloy, comprising the following steps:
S01. high strength alumin ium alloy spherical powder and function and service particle are provided, the function and service particle is hard phase and conjunction
The mixture of gold element phase is mixed the high strength alumin ium alloy spherical powder and the function and service particle mixed processing
Powder；
S02. under inert atmosphere conditions, using precinct laser fusion equipment in laser power 190-220W, lasing beam diameter
70 μm, scanning speed 115-155mm/s, 40-80 μm of sweep span, 70 μm of powder layer thickness, powder preheats 150-250 DEG C of condition
Under, precinct laser fusion, rear natural cooling to be formed prepares high strength alumin ium alloy workpiece.
The method that precinct laser fusion provided in an embodiment of the present invention prepares high strength alumin ium alloy will have as heterogeneous forming core
The hard phase of core potentiality and the alloying element that can be reacted in molten aluminum mix the function and service particle of composition with it is described
Precinct laser fusion is carried out after the mixing of high strength alumin ium alloy spherical powder, precinct laser fusion may be implemented in the function and service particle
High strength alumin ium alloy crystal grain refinement is shaped, the high strength alumin ium alloy for shaping precinct laser fusion has the equiax crystal group that can accommodate strain
Knit, avoid hot tearing and hole defect, improve the mechanical property of alloy, it is hereby achieved that uniform small grains, without obvious crackle,
The precinct laser fusion forming high strength alumin ium alloy test specimen of consistency height, good mechanical performance, has practical application value.In addition,
Precinct laser fusion provided in an embodiment of the present invention prepares the method and process advantages of simple of high strength alumin ium alloy, high production efficiency,
There are good industrial applications potentiality in terms of high strength alumin ium alloy 3D printing.
In above-mentioned steps S01, the function and service particle is the function and service particle for refining high strength alumin ium alloy crystal grain.
Specifically, the function and service particle is the mixture of hard phase and alloying element phase, wherein the hard phase can be used as heterogeneous
The refinement of Al crystal grain in forming core core refining aluminum alloy, crystal grain can improve hot tearing and improve alloy mechanical property, strengthen and close
Gold；The alloying element can mutually occur to melt and chemically react with Al in molten bath, and suction/heat release of these reactions can make to melt
Pond melt amount of localized heat is unevenly distributed, and forms violent thermal convection, and hard phase dispersion and alloying element atom is promoted to be evenly distributed.Its
In, the dispersion of hard phase promotes grain refining effect further；Alloying element atom, which is uniformly distributed, can make it be easier to be solid-solution in
In Al matrix, reinforced alloys improve the mechanical property of alloy.
In the embodiment of the present invention, described hard phase fusing point itself is high, thermal stability is good but the wetting between molten aluminum
Difference is difficult to refine Al crystal grain directly as heterogeneous forming core core.In consideration of it, further, hard phase is coated on alloying element phase
Surface.The hard phase and the alloying element are mutually combined, mutually melted using alloying element or chemistry occurs with Al
The thermal change generated is reacted, the wetability between Lai Gaishan hard phase and molten aluminum can more fully play its forming core work
With.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the partial size of the hard phase is 30-50nm；The partial size of the alloying element phase is 30-50 μ
m.The hard phase it is undersized when, cost is higher, and the dimensional effect of nano particle is significant, easy to reunite, can't be
The heterogeneous forming core core of effect；When oversized, the tensile strength of aluminium alloy can be substantially reduced.The alloying element it is undersized
When, it is not easy to adhere to nanoscale hard phase uniformly on the surface thereof；When oversized, alloying element atom is in precinct laser fusion
There is no enough time evenly dispersed in the fusing-process of setting of processing extremely fast.
Specific preferred, the partial size of the hard phase is 40nm；The partial size of the alloying element phase is 40 μm, is used for constituency
When laser fusing prepares high strength alumin ium alloy, obtained high strength alumin ium alloy " uniform small grains, without obvious crackle, consistency is high, power
The effect of function admirable " is more preferable.
Preferably, the hard phase be selected from one of titanium carbide, titanium carbonitride, the alloying element be mutually selected from Ti, Hf,
One of Sc, Y, Zr, Sr.The titanium carbide, titanium carbonitride are identical as Al crystal structure of element, lattice equations are less than or equal to
9%, it is easy to the heterogeneous forming core core as Al, and then heterogeneous forming core Al, refinement Al crystal grain, hot tearing is solved by crystal grain refinement and is asked
Topic, and further increase the mechanical property of alloy.
Preferred alloying element can react in molten bath, and under high temperature, reaction product is unstable.These features make to melt
Pond melt amount of localized heat is unevenly distributed, and forms violent thermal convection, and hard phase dispersion and alloying element atom is promoted to be evenly distributed.Firmly
The dispersion of matter phase promotes grain refining effect further；Alloying element atom, which is uniformly distributed, can make it be easier to be solid-solution in Al matrix
In, reinforced alloys improve the mechanical property of alloy.
Specific preferred, the hard phase is titanium carbide, and the alloying element is mutually Ti.
Preferably, in the function and service particle, the volume ratio of the hard phase and the alloying element phase is 1:1.
In the embodiment of the present invention, it is preferred that the function and service particle the preparation method comprises the following steps: by the hard phase and described
It after alloying element mixes, is placed in ball mill, ball-milling treatment is carried out using the microballoon of 2-16mm, obtains function and service particle.
By ball-milling treatment, nanoscale hard phase can be preferably coated on to the surface of micron-sized alloying element phase.Certainly, should
Understand, in addition to ball-milling treatment, can also be realized using modes such as electrostatic treatments hard phase in the attachment of alloying element phase surface, but
Effect is good not as good as ball-milling treatment, in addition, equipment needed for the modes such as electrostatic treatment, price, energy consumption are high.
In the embodiment of the present invention, it is preferred that the granularity of the high strength alumin ium alloy spherical powder is 200 mesh, and D90 is 40-50 μ
m.The high strength alumin ium alloy powder of the grain size intervals is easy to precinct laser fusion forming.When powder size is excessive, drip molding porosity
Height, poor quality；When powder size is too small, powder flowbility is poor, and powdering performance is poor, easily forms crackle and hole.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the high strength alumin ium alloy spherical powder and the function and service particle is 100:(1-5), it is right
The grain refining effect of aluminium alloy is preferable.Specifically, composite particles ratio is too low, sufficient Grain Refinement Effect is not had, no
It can effectively solve hot tearing problem, it is even more impossible to improve alloy mechanical property；Ratio is excessively high, multiple in precinct laser fusion process
Closing can reunite agglomeration, alloying element of nanometer hard phase contained in particle not can be uniformly dispersed in aluminum substrate.
Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention by granularity be 200 mesh, D90 be 40-50 μm high strength alumin ium alloy spherical powder with adopt
The composite particles (40nm hard phase with 40 μm of alloying element phases) prepared with ball-milling method are uniformly mixed, and improve powder on powder bed
Powdering ability.Specifically, powdering ability is related with powder flowbility for metal powder, the powder paving of good fluidity
Powder ability is strong.Micron order alloying element phase mobility selected by the present invention is better than the Al alloy powder with scale, therefore, with aluminium
Mixed-powder mobility after alloy powder mixes is better than simple Al alloy powder.In addition, alloying element phase surface adheres to
There are nanoscale hard-phase particles, be equivalent to and mutually load onto one layer of idler wheel to alloying element.Therefore, powder is easier to flow, more
Easy powdering.
In above-mentioned steps S02, under inert atmosphere conditions, using precinct laser fusion equipment in laser power 190-220W,
70 μm of lasing beam diameter, scanning speed 115-155mm/s, 40-80 μm of sweep span, 70 μm of powder layer thickness, powder preheats 150-
Under conditions of 250 DEG C, precinct laser fusion, rear natural cooling to be formed prepares high strength alumin ium alloy workpiece.Under this technique
It can get grain fine uniform, the precinct laser fusion without obvious crackle, consistency height, good mechanical performance shapes high strength alumin ium alloy
Test specimen.
Wherein, it can be protected using argon gas in forming cavity.After part forming, the natural cooling in forming cavity, to reduce
Residual stress improves formability.Preferably, in the step of precinct laser fusion, the precinct laser fusion equipment cavity is intracorporal
Vacuum degree is 10-3Pa。
It is illustrated combined with specific embodiments below.
Embodiment 1
The method of the precinct laser fusion forming of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high strength alumin ium alloy, comprising the following steps:
The spherical powder (200 mesh of granularity, D90 be 40 μm) that material is Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high strength alumin ium alloy is provided, and it is compound
Particle (hard phase titanium carbide of 40nm and 40 μm of alloying element titanium, volume ratio 1:1) is packed into after mixing according to weight ratio 100:2
Powder drum.
10 are evacuated down in precinct laser fusion equipment cavity-3After Pa, it is filled with high-purity argon gas, 3 times repeatedly.In powder bed
Powder, powdering basal plate preheating is to 150 DEG C.
Precinct laser fusion technological parameter: laser power 210w, 80 μm of laser diameter, scanning speed 135mm/s, between scanning
Away from 50 μm, 70 μm of lift height.After part forming, the Slow cooling in forming cavity, to prevent Quench from cracking.
Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high strength alumin ium alloy as a comparison case 1 using the forming of common process precinct laser fusion is provided.This
The common process at place refers to, compared to comparative example, is not added with composite particles, other process conditions are identical.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is respectively Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high strength alumin ium alloy drip molding prepared by comparative example 1 and the embodiment of the present invention 1
Microscopic appearance figure, sample pass through mechanical lapping polishing treatment, obtained by optical microphotograph sem observation.Wherein, Pores indicates hole
Hole, Carcks indicate crackle.
It is measured and is calculated, compared with comparative example, the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high strength alumin ium alloy drip molding of the preparation of embodiment 1
Average grain size is reduced to 1.1 μm by 75 μm, and crackle, hole defect substantially reduce, and consistency is increased to by 96.3%
99.6%, and tensile strength, microhardness are increased to 419MPa, 171HV by 76MPa, 149HV respectively.
Embodiment 2
The method of the precinct laser fusion forming of Al-Si-Mg-Cu high strength alumin ium alloy, comprising the following steps:
The spherical powder (200 mesh of granularity, D90 be 40 μm) that material is Al-Si-Mg-Cu high strength alumin ium alloy is provided, and it is compound
Particle (hard phase titanium carbide of 40nm and 40 μm of alloying element strontium, volume ratio 1:1) is packed into after mixing according to weight ratio 100:1
Powder drum.
10 are evacuated down in precinct laser fusion equipment cavity-3After Pa, it is filled with high-purity argon gas, 3 times repeatedly.In powder bed
Powder, powdering basal plate preheating is to 150 DEG C.
Precinct laser fusion technological parameter: laser power 210w, 80 μm of laser diameter, scanning speed 135mm/s, between scanning
Away from 50 μm, 70 μm of lift height.After part forming, the Slow cooling in forming cavity, to prevent Quench from cracking.
Al-Si-Mg-Cu high strength alumin ium alloy as a comparison case 2 using the forming of common process precinct laser fusion is provided.This
The common process at place refers to, compared to comparative example 2, is not added with composite particles, other process conditions are identical.It is measured and is calculated,
Compared with comparative example, the average grain size of Al-Si-Mg-Cu high strength alumin ium alloy drip molding prepared by embodiment 1 is reduced by 45 μm
To 9.8 μm, crackle, hole defect are substantially reduced, and consistency is increased to 99.1%, and tensile strength, microhardness point by 95%
303MPa, 162HV are not increased to by 211MPa, 123HV.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method that precinct laser fusion prepares high strength alumin ium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
High strength alumin ium alloy spherical powder and function and service particle are provided, the function and service particle is hard phase and alloying element phase
Mixture the high strength alumin ium alloy spherical powder and the function and service particle mixed processing are obtained into mixed powder；
Under inert atmosphere conditions, using precinct laser fusion equipment in laser power 190-220W, 70 μm of lasing beam diameter, scan
Speed 115-155mm/s, 40-80 μm of sweep span, 70 μm of powder layer thickness, under conditions of powder preheats 150-250 DEG C, constituency is swashed
Light fusing, rear natural cooling to be formed, prepares high strength alumin ium alloy workpiece.
2. the method that precinct laser fusion as described in claim 1 prepares high strength alumin ium alloy, which is characterized in that the high-strength aluminium
The granularity of alloy spherical powder is 200 mesh, and D90 is 40-50 μm；
The partial size of the hard phase is 30-50nm；The partial size of the alloying element phase is 30-50 μm.
3. the method that precinct laser fusion as claimed in claim 2 prepares high strength alumin ium alloy, which is characterized in that the hard phase
Partial size be 40nm；The partial size of the alloying element phase is 40 μm.
4. the method that precinct laser fusion as claimed in claim 3 prepares high strength alumin ium alloy, which is characterized in that the function is multiple
It closes in particle, the volume ratio of the hard phase and the alloying element phase is 1:1.
5. the method that precinct laser fusion according to any one of claims 1-4 prepares high strength alumin ium alloy, which is characterized in that institute
State hard phase be selected from one of titanium carbide, titanium carbonitride, the alloying element mutually in Ti, Hf, Sc, Y, Zr, Sr one
Kind.
6. the method that precinct laser fusion as claimed in claim 5 prepares high strength alumin ium alloy, which is characterized in that the hard phase
For titanium carbide, the alloying element is mutually Ti.
7. the method that precinct laser fusion according to any one of claims 1-4 prepares high strength alumin ium alloy, which is characterized in that institute
The mass ratio for stating high strength alumin ium alloy spherical powder and the function and service particle is 100:(1-5).
8. the method that precinct laser fusion as claimed in claim 7 prepares high strength alumin ium alloy, which is characterized in that the high-strength aluminium
The mass ratio of alloy spherical powder and the function and service particle is 100:(0.01-10).
9. the method that precinct laser fusion according to any one of claims 1-4 prepares high strength alumin ium alloy, which is characterized in that institute
State function and service particle the preparation method comprises the following steps: the hard phase and the alloying element are mixed after, be placed in ball mill, adopt
Ball-milling treatment is carried out with the microballoon of 2-16mm, obtains function and service particle.
10. the method that precinct laser fusion according to any one of claims 1-4 prepares high strength alumin ium alloy, which is characterized in that
In the step of precinct laser fusion, the intracorporal vacuum degree of precinct laser fusion equipment cavity is 10-3Pa。
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| WO2022193487A1 (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2022-09-22 | 上海交通大学 | High-strength and toughness, heat-resistant aluminum alloy armature material and preparation method therefor |
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