CN113264518A - Spherical mesoporous carbon containing asymmetric annular pore channels and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Spherical mesoporous carbon containing asymmetric annular pore channels and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113264518A
CN113264518A CN202110687178.8A CN202110687178A CN113264518A CN 113264518 A CN113264518 A CN 113264518A CN 202110687178 A CN202110687178 A CN 202110687178A CN 113264518 A CN113264518 A CN 113264518A
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mesoporous carbon
spherical mesoporous
solution
asymmetric annular
pore channels
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王晶晶
方飞祥
张崇标
苏孟兴
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725th Research Institute of CSIC
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725th Research Institute of CSIC
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30

Abstract

The invention relates to a spherical mesoporous carbon containing asymmetric annular pore channels and a preparation method thereof, wherein a carbon source used in the preparation of the spherical mesoporous carbon adopts sucrose and/or furfuryl alcohol as a first carbon source, phenolic resin synthesized by phenol and formaldehyde as a second carbon source, the carbon source and double surfactants F127 and P123 dissolved in water are subjected to hydrothermal reaction, the surfactants and the carbon source are self-assembled to form spherical particles under the action of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force, and finally the surfactants are removed through high-temperature carbonization, so that the spherical mesoporous carbon is obtained through a double carbon source and a double template method. The spherical mesoporous carbon disclosed by the invention contains asymmetric annular pore channels, so that the specific surface area and pore volume are increased, and the application space of the spherical mesoporous carbon is greatly expanded by the abundant and special pore channels.

Description

Spherical mesoporous carbon containing asymmetric annular pore channels and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nano materials, and particularly relates to spherical mesoporous carbon containing asymmetric annular pore channels and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Mesoporous carbon is composed of a carbon skeleton and uniform mesopores, has large surface area and pore volume and interconnected mesopores, and has wide application in catalysis, adsorption, energy conversion and storage, biomedicine and environmental remediation. At present, mesoporous carbon with various shapes and pore structures, such as spherical, tubular, hemispherical, bowl-shaped, vase-shaped and the like, has been synthesized, wherein spherical mesoporous carbon materials are the fastest-developing mesoporous carbon shapes due to the unique closed packaging properties and the lowest surface energy.
The existing spherical mesoporous carbon is synthesized by adopting a common soft template method, most of pore channels of the spherical mesoporous carbon are through straight pore channels, the pore channel structure is single, and most of pore channels are symmetrical structures. For example, patent CN110729480A discloses a nitrogen-doped porous hollow carbon sphere, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein a template is synthesized by condensation of melamine and formaldehyde, and due to the hollow characteristic, the finally obtained pore channel is relatively short, and limited specific surface area and pore volume limit doping of rare earth elements into spherical mesoporous carbon to some extent, which is not favorable for the spherical mesoporous carbon to exert its physicochemical properties, and limits the application of the spherical mesoporous carbon in some aspects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide spherical mesoporous carbon containing asymmetric annular pore channels and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of spherical mesoporous carbon containing asymmetric annular pore channels comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and heating phenol, a formaldehyde solution and a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a phenolic resin prepolymer, and mixing a sulfuric acid mixed solution of sucrose and/or furfuryl alcohol with the phenolic resin prepolymer as a carbon source for later use;
(2) heating and stirring the carbon source obtained in the step (1) and the water solution of Pluronic triblock copolymers P123 and F127, and uniformly mixing to obtain a prepolymer solution;
(3) carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the prepolymer solution obtained in the step (2) to obtain a mesoporous carbon precursor;
(4) and (4) sequentially separating, washing and drying the mesoporous carbon precursor obtained in the step (3), and roasting to obtain the mesoporous carbon containing the asymmetric annular pore channel.
Further, in the step (1), the reaction temperature of the phenol, the formaldehyde solution and the sodium hydroxide solution is 60-80 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.4-0.6 h.
Further, in the step (1), the ratio of the phenol to the formaldehyde solution to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1-3 g: 5.2-10.4 ml: 10ml, wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5mol/L, and the concentration of the formaldehyde solution is 30-40 wt%.
Further, the ratio of the sucrose and/or furfuryl alcohol, sulfuric acid solution and water in the sulfuric acid mixed solution of the sucrose and/or furfuryl alcohol in the step (1) is 2 g: (5-10) g: (1-2) g, wherein the concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 0.5 mol/L.
Further, in the step (2), the mass ratio of P123, F127 and water in the aqueous solution of P123 and F127 is 1:1: 10-20, and when the carbon source is mixed with the aqueous solution of P123 and F127, the mass ratio of furfuryl alcohol added to the carbon source to sucrose, P123 and F127 is 2: 5: 5.
Further, the temperature of stirring and mixing in the step (2) is 60-80 ℃, the stirring and mixing process comprises stirring for 1-3 hours, adding water for dilution, and then stirring for 12-36 hours.
Further, the hydrothermal reaction temperature in the step (3) is 100-180 ℃, and the hydrothermal reaction time is 24-48 h.
Further, in the step (4), the roasting is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature of 600-800 ℃ for 2-5 h.
The spherical mesoporous carbon containing the asymmetric annular pore channels prepared by the preparation method has the particle size of 100-500nm and the specific surface area of 400-600m2Per g, pore volume of 0.6 to 1.3m3(ii)/g, the pore diameter is 3.2-7.9 nm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the carbon source of the invention adopts sucrose and/or furfuryl alcohol as a first carbon source, phenol-formaldehyde resin synthesized by phenol and formaldehyde as a second carbon source, the hydrothermal reaction is carried out on the first carbon source and double surfactants F127 and P123 dissolved in water, the surfactants and the carbon sources are self-assembled to form spherical particles under the action of hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals force, finally, the surfactants are removed through high-temperature carbonization, and spherical mesoporous carbon is obtained through a double carbon source and double template method, the spherical mesoporous carbon contains asymmetric annular pore channels, and the pore channels have uniform pore diameter and pore gaps, the specific surface area and pore volume of the spherical mesoporous carbon are improved through rich and special pore channels, and the application space of the spherical mesoporous carbon is greatly expanded.
2. The phenolic resin can realize the regulation and control of the grain size of the spherical mesoporous carbon by adjusting the molar ratio of the phenol to the aldehyde and the pH value under the conditions of heating and pressurizing without adding a catalyst and an accelerant during curing, and has simple process and low manufacturing cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of spherical mesoporous carbon containing asymmetric annular channels in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a transmission electron microscope image of spherical mesoporous carbon containing asymmetric annular channels in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples, wherein the raw materials and instruments used in the following examples are commercially available, and the data obtained in the examples of the present invention are average values of three or more repeated experiments unless otherwise specified. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of spherical mesoporous carbon containing asymmetric annular pore channels comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 2g of phenol, 5.2 mL of formaldehyde solution (37 wt%) and 10mL of 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution into a 250 mL round-bottom flask with a spherical condenser tube, mixing and reacting at 70 ℃ for 0.5h to prepare a phenolic resin prepolymer, adding 1g of water and 5g of 0.5mol/L sulfuric acid solution into 2g of furfuryl alcohol, stirring for 0.5h, and mixing with the phenolic resin prepolymer to serve as a carbon source for later use.
(2) 50mL of an aqueous solution in which 5g of a triblock copolymer Pluronic P123 and 5g of Pluronic F127 were dissolved was added to the carbon source prepared in step (1), and the mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 1 hour, 100mL of water was added, and then stirred for 36 hours to obtain a prepolymer solution.
(3) And (3) adding 10mL of the prepolymer solution prepared in the step (2) into a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a steel sleeve, transferring the hydrothermal reaction kettle into an oven, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 24h at 120 ℃ to obtain the mesoporous carbon precursor.
(4) And (3) taking out the hydrothermal reaction kettle reacted in the step (3), washing with cold water to room temperature, collecting the mesoporous carbon precursor in the hydrothermal reaction kettle by using a centrifugal tube, performing multiple centrifugal separation, washing with deionized water, drying, and roasting at 700 ℃ for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the mesoporous carbon containing the asymmetric annular pore channel.
Scanning electron microscope imaging and transmission electron microscope imaging are performed on the spherical mesoporous carbon containing the asymmetric annular pore channel prepared in the embodiment, and the scanning electron microscope imaging result is shown in fig. 1, as can be seen from fig. 1, a mesoporous carbon single particle is in a spherical shape, and the pore channel of the spherical mesoporous carbon is in an asymmetric annular shape. The transmission electron microscope imaging result is shown in fig. 2, and it can be known from fig. 2 that the pore diameter and pore gap of the pore channel in the spherical mesoporous carbon are uniform, and the pore diameter of the pore channel is 5.19 nm.
The spherical mesoporous carbon containing the asymmetric annular pore passage prepared by the embodiment has a single particle size of about 200nm and a specific surface area of 422m2Per g, pore volume 0.7 m3(ii)/g, pore diameter is 4.9 nm.
Example 2
A preparation method of spherical mesoporous carbon containing asymmetric annular pore channels comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 1g of phenol, 7.2 mL of formaldehyde solution (30 wt%) and 10mL of 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution into a 250 mL round-bottom flask with a spherical condenser tube, mixing and reacting at 60 ℃ for 0.4h to prepare a phenolic resin prepolymer, adding 2g of sucrose, 2g of water and 10g of 0.5mol/L sulfuric acid solution, stirring for 0.5h, and mixing with the phenolic resin prepolymer to serve as a carbon source for later use.
(2) 100mL of an aqueous solution in which 5g of a triblock copolymer Pluronic P123 and 5g of Pluronic F127 were dissolved was added to the carbon source prepared in step (1), and stirred at 60 ℃ for 2 hours, 100mL of water was added, and stirred for 24 hours to obtain a prepolymer solution.
(3) And (3) adding 10mL of the prepolymer solution prepared in the step (2) into a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a steel sleeve, transferring the hydrothermal reaction kettle into an oven, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 36h at 160 ℃ to obtain the mesoporous carbon precursor.
(4) And (3) taking out the hydrothermal reaction kettle reacted in the step (3), washing with cold water to room temperature, collecting the mesoporous carbon precursor in the hydrothermal reaction kettle by using a centrifugal tube, performing centrifugal separation for many times, washing with deionized water, drying, and roasting at 800 ℃ for 3 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the mesoporous carbon containing the asymmetric annular pore channel.
The spherical mesoporous carbon containing the asymmetric annular pore channel prepared by the embodiment has a single particle size of about 100nm and a specific surface area of 542m2Per g, pore volume 0.8 m3(ii)/g, pore diameter is 3.4 nm.
Example 3
A preparation method of spherical mesoporous carbon containing asymmetric annular pore channels comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 3g of phenol, 10.4mL of formaldehyde solution (40 wt%) and 10mL of 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution into a 250 mL round-bottom flask with a spherical condenser tube, mixing and reacting at 80 ℃ for 0.6h to prepare a phenolic resin prepolymer, adding 1g of sucrose and 1g of furfuryl alcohol, adding 1g of water and 8g of 0.5mol/L sulfuric acid solution, stirring for 0.5h, and mixing with the phenolic resin prepolymer to serve as a carbon source for later use.
(2) 70mL of an aqueous solution in which 5g of a triblock copolymer Pluronic P123 and 5g of Pluronic F127 were dissolved was added to the carbon source prepared in step (1), and stirred at 80 ℃ for 3 hours, 100mL of water was added, and stirred for 12 hours to obtain a prepolymer solution.
(3) And (3) adding 10mL of the prepolymer solution prepared in the step (2) into a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a steel sleeve, transferring the hydrothermal reaction kettle into an oven, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 48 hours at 180 ℃ to obtain the mesoporous carbon precursor.
(4) And (4) taking out the hydrothermal reaction kettle reacted in the step (3), washing with cold water to room temperature, collecting the mesoporous carbon precursor in the hydrothermal reaction kettle by using a centrifugal tube, performing centrifugal separation for many times, washing with deionized water, drying, and roasting at 600 ℃ for 5 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the mesoporous carbon containing the asymmetric annular pore channel.
The spherical mesoporous carbon containing the asymmetric annular pore passage prepared by the embodiment has a single particle size of about 500nm and a specific surface area of 583.4m2G, macropore volume of 1.2 m3G, pore diameter of 7.4 nm.
The spherical mesoporous carbon containing the asymmetric annular pore channel obtained by the preparation method has uniform single particle diameter, and the spherical mesoporous carbon within the range of 100-500nm can be obtained by adjusting the molar ratio and the pH value of phenol and aldehyde, and the specific surface area is 400-600 m-2Per g, pore volume of 0.6-1.3 m3The pore diameter is 3.2-7.9 nm.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A preparation method of spherical mesoporous carbon containing asymmetric annular pore channels is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing and heating phenol, a formaldehyde solution and a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a phenolic resin prepolymer, and mixing a sulfuric acid mixed solution of sucrose and/or furfuryl alcohol with the phenolic resin prepolymer as a carbon source for later use;
(2) heating and stirring the carbon source obtained in the step (1) and the water solution of Pluronic triblock copolymers P123 and F127, and uniformly mixing to obtain a prepolymer solution;
(3) carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the prepolymer solution obtained in the step (2) to obtain a mesoporous carbon precursor;
(4) and (4) sequentially separating, washing and drying the mesoporous carbon precursor obtained in the step (3), and roasting to obtain the mesoporous carbon containing the asymmetric annular pore channel.
2. The method for preparing the spherical mesoporous carbon with the asymmetric annular pore channels as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature of the phenol, the formaldehyde solution and the sodium hydroxide solution in the step (1) is 60-80 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.4-0.6 h.
3. The method for preparing the spherical mesoporous carbon with the asymmetric annular pore channels as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ratio of the phenol, the formaldehyde solution and the sodium hydroxide solution in the step (1) is (1-3) g: (5.2-10.4) ml: 10ml, wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5mol/L, and the concentration of the formaldehyde solution is 30-40 wt%.
4. The method for preparing spherical mesoporous carbon with asymmetric annular pore canals according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of sucrose and/or furfuryl alcohol, sulfuric acid solution and water in the sulfuric acid mixed solution of sucrose and/or furfuryl alcohol in the step (1) is 2 g: (5-10) g: (1-2) g, wherein the concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 0.5 mol/L.
5. The method for preparing the spherical mesoporous carbon with the asymmetric annular pore channels as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the mass ratio of P123, F127 and water in the aqueous solution of P123 and F127 is 1:1 (10-20), and when the carbon source is mixed with the aqueous solution of P123 and F127, the mass ratio of furfuryl alcohol added to the carbon source to sucrose, P123 and F127 is 2: 5: 5.
6. the method for preparing the spherical mesoporous carbon with the asymmetric annular pore channels according to claim 1, wherein the stirring and mixing temperature in the step (2) is 60-80 ℃, and the stirring and mixing process comprises stirring for 1-3 hours, adding water for dilution, and then stirring for 12-36 hours.
7. The method for preparing spherical mesoporous carbon with asymmetric annular pore channels according to claim 1, wherein the hydrothermal reaction temperature in the step (3) is 100-180 ℃, and the hydrothermal reaction time is 24-48 h.
8. The method for preparing the spherical mesoporous carbon with the asymmetric annular pore channels according to claim 1, wherein the roasting in the step (4) is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 600-800 ℃ for 2-5 h.
9. The spherical mesoporous carbon containing asymmetric annular channels prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the particle size of the spherical mesoporous carbon is 100-500nm, and the specific surface area is 400-600m2Per g, pore volume of 0.6 to 1.3m3(ii)/g, the pore diameter is 3.2-7.9 nm.
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Application publication date: 20210817