CN113263188A - Smoke discharging and dust removing device and method for additive manufacturing of annular hollow parts - Google Patents
Smoke discharging and dust removing device and method for additive manufacturing of annular hollow parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN113263188A CN113263188A CN202110476054.5A CN202110476054A CN113263188A CN 113263188 A CN113263188 A CN 113263188A CN 202110476054 A CN202110476054 A CN 202110476054A CN 113263188 A CN113263188 A CN 113263188A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a smoke-discharging and dust-removing device and a method for additive manufacturing of annular hollow parts, wherein a blowing device is arranged at the upper end of a forming chamber, an exhaust device is arranged on the side wall of the forming chamber, a connecting line between an air outlet of the blowing device and an air inlet of the exhaust device is horizontally arranged and positioned at the upper end of a forming surface, the blowing device is communicated with a blowing source or an air outlet and is used for exhausting a gas source, an air outlet of the blowing device and the air inlet of the exhaust device are arranged at two sides of a forming area, an exhaust laminar flow is formed on the forming surface of the annular hollow parts, the exhaust device and the blowing device are used for sending smoke to the exhaust port through blowing, scattering of smoke dust generated in the process of melting by energy beams can be effectively avoided, the exhaust device and the blowing device are arranged at two sides of the forming area in the same plane, the flow area of the gas flow can be reduced, and the gas of the exhaust device can effectively maintain the flow velocity at the air outlet, the lower wind speed can effectively avoid the damage of the powder bed surface and improve the forming quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a smoke discharging and dust removing device and method for additive manufacturing of an annular hollow part.
Background
The powder bed fusion forming (PBF) technology is that energy beam (such as laser or electron beam) is used to selectively scan on the pre-laid powder bed to fuse and solidify the metal powder in selected area layer by layer, and the complex metal parts with mechanical performance comparable to that of forged piece can be manufactured by layer-by-layer accumulation.
But the metal powder material generates smoke during the melting process by the energy beam. These fumes reduce the power of the energy beam, which affects the purity of the powder and thus reduces the quality of the workpiece formed; if the smoke dust is adhered to a guide rail, a lead screw and other moving systems, the forming precision of the workpiece is influenced, and the service life of the equipment is shortened.
In the prior art, an exhaust device is generally arranged above the plane of a metal powder bed, and smoke and dust are taken away by using airflow. But this technique works poorly for application to larger web beds. The velocity of the exhaust air flow is seriously attenuated, the smoke particles are difficult to take away, although the velocity of the exhaust air flow can be maintained by increasing the velocity of the initial air flow, namely the velocity of the air blowing opening of the air blowing device, the excessive air velocity can blow away the powder particles near the air blowing device, the surface of the powder bed is damaged, and the forming quality is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a smoke discharging and dust removing device and method for additive manufacturing of annular hollow parts, so as to overcome the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an annular cavity part vibration material disk smoke exhaust dust collector, includes the shaping room, is provided with the shaping system in the shaping room, and the shaping room upper end is equipped with gas blowing device, and shaping room lateral wall is equipped with exhaust apparatus, and the line level sets up and is located the shaping face upper end between gas blowing device's air outlet and exhaust apparatus's income wind gap, and gas blowing device communicates in the source of blowing or the gas vent is used for the exhaust source, and gas blowing device's air outlet and exhaust apparatus's income wind gap set up in the regional both sides of shaping.
Furthermore, an air outlet of the air blowing device is provided with an air equalizing grid.
Furthermore, the air blowing opening of the air blowing device and the air exhaust opening of the air exhaust device are both arranged into a gradually expanding structure, and the gradually expanding structure is annularly arranged along the forming structure.
Furthermore, one blowing device and one exhaust device are a group of exhaust structures, and a plurality of groups of exhaust structures can be arrayed along the circumference in the forming chamber.
Furthermore, the air outlet of the blowing device and the air inlet and the height difference of the exhaust device are 10-50 mm.
Furthermore, air outlets of the air blowing device and the air outlet of the air exhaust device are respectively provided with an air guide cover.
Furthermore, the distance between the air outlet of the blowing device and the air outlet of the exhaust device is larger than the wall thickness of the part to be formed.
Furthermore, the blowing device is circumferentially provided with a plurality of air outlets, and each air outlet is correspondingly provided with an exhaust device.
A smoke discharging and dust removing method for additive manufacturing of annular hollow parts comprises the following steps:
s1, when a workpiece is formed, placing a grinding tool of the to-be-formed piece, and filling protective gas into the forming chamber by using a blowing device;
and S2, after powder is spread in the grinding tool of the piece to be formed, forming by using high energy beams of a forming system, continuously injecting protective gas into the forming chamber by using a blowing device in the forming process, and exhausting by using an exhaust device, wherein the exhaust rate of the exhaust device is not more than the rate of the protective gas injected by the blowing device.
Furthermore, the air outlet of the blowing device and the air outlet of the exhaust device are higher than the molding surface in the molding process, the distance between the air outlet of the blowing device and the inner diameter of the to-be-molded piece is 2-5mm, and the distance between the air outlet of the exhaust device and the outer diameter of the to-be-molded piece grinding tool is 2-5 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention relates to a smoke-discharging and dust-removing device for additive manufacturing of annular hollow parts, wherein a forming system is arranged in a forming chamber, a blowing device is arranged at the upper end of the forming chamber, an exhaust device is arranged on the side wall of the forming chamber, a connecting line between an air outlet of the blowing device and an air inlet of the exhaust device is horizontally arranged and positioned at the upper end of a forming surface, the blowing device is communicated with a blowing source or an exhaust port and is used for exhausting gas sources, an air outlet of the blowing device and the air inlet of the exhaust device are arranged at two sides of a forming area, an exhaust laminar flow is formed on the forming surface of the annular hollow parts, smoke is sent to the exhaust port through blowing by the exhaust device and the blowing device and is directly exhausted, the spreading of smoke dust generated in the process of melting by energy beams can be effectively avoided, the exhaust device and the blowing device are arranged at two sides of the forming area in the same plane, the flow area of the gas flow can be reduced, and the gas of the exhaust device can effectively maintain the flow rate at the air outlet, the lower wind speed can effectively avoid the damage of the powder bed surface and improve the forming quality.
Furthermore, an air outlet of the air blowing device is provided with an air equalizing grid, so that air flow blown out from the air blowing opening is in a uniform and stable laminar flow state.
Furthermore, the air outlet of the blowing device and the air inlet and the height difference of the exhaust device are 10-50 mm, so that smoke can be discharged at the optimal position for generating smoke, and the smoke is prevented from rising and diffusing.
The invention relates to a smoke-discharging and dust-removing method for additive manufacturing of annular hollow parts, which comprises the steps of placing a grinding tool of a piece to be formed when a workpiece is formed, and filling protective gas into a forming chamber by using a gas blowing device; after powder is spread in a grinding tool of a to-be-formed piece, the to-be-formed piece is formed by using a high energy beam of a forming system, protective gas is continuously injected into a forming chamber by using a blowing device in the forming process, meanwhile, the exhaust device is used for exhausting, the exhaust speed of the exhaust device is not more than the speed of the protective gas injected by the blowing device, and the protective gas is used for exhausting and then recovering the gas, so that the quality of a large-format powder bed melting formed workpiece can be ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 3 of the present invention.
In the figure: 101. a forming chamber; 102. rotating the working table; 103. a substrate; 104. an outer cylinder body; 105. forming a workpiece; 106. an inner cylinder body; 107. a blowing device; 108. a scanning system; 109. an exhaust device; 110. a metal powder.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the smoke discharging and dust removing device for additive manufacturing of annular hollow parts comprises a forming chamber 101, a forming system is arranged in the forming chamber 101, a blowing device 107 is arranged at the upper end of the forming chamber 101, an exhaust device 109 is arranged on the side wall of the forming chamber 101, a connecting line between an air outlet of the blowing device 107 and an air inlet of the exhaust device 109 is horizontally arranged and located at the upper end of a forming surface, the blowing device 107 is communicated with a blowing source or an air outlet for an exhaust source, and the air outlet of the blowing device 107 and the air inlet of the exhaust device 109 are arranged at two sides of a forming area.
Specifically, an air outlet of the air blowing device 107 is provided with an air equalization grid, so that the air flow blown out from the air blowing opening is in a laminar flow state. The air-equalizing grid is of a net structure and is arranged at the air outlet.
As shown in fig. 1, the molding system in the molding chamber 101 is a ring-shaped hollow part molding structure, wherein the blowing device 107 is arranged on the symmetry axis of the molding chamber 101, the lower edge of the blowing port of the blowing device 107 is higher than the molding plane, the exhaust port is arranged outside the molding area, and the lower edge of the exhaust port is higher than the molding plane.
The air blowing opening of the air blowing device 107 and the air exhaust opening of the air exhaust device 109 can be arranged into a gradually expanding structure, and the gradually expanding structure is annularly arranged along the forming structure, namely the air blowing opening and the air exhaust opening are positioned at one side of the forming area and are gradually expanded along the annular direction of the formed part, so that air flow acts on the large-area forming area.
In order to improve the smoke evacuation effect, a blowing device 107 and an exhaust device 109 are a set of exhaust structures, and multiple sets of exhaust structures can be arranged in a circumferential array in the forming chamber 101. The blowing device can be provided with one blowing port or a plurality of blowing ports; if a plurality of air blowing openings are arranged, the air blowing openings are preferably uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction. The exhaust device is arranged outside the forming area, and the lower edge of the exhaust port is higher than the forming plane. Preferably, the set of exhaust devices has one exhaust port, and the number of the exhaust devices is the same as the number of the blowing ports. Similarly, if there are a plurality of vents, they are preferably evenly distributed circumferentially outside the forming zone. In the area between the blowing port of the blowing device and the exhaust port of the exhaust device, a gas flow field can be established, flowing gas is used as a carrier, and smoke particles generated in the interaction process of the energy beam and the metal powder are taken away from a forming area, so that the adverse effect of the smoke particles on the forming quality is reduced.
A smoke discharging and dust removing method for additive manufacturing of annular hollow parts comprises the following steps:
s1, when a workpiece is formed, placing a grinding tool of the to-be-formed piece, and filling protective gas into the forming chamber by using a blowing device;
and S2, after powder is spread in the grinding tool of the piece to be formed, forming by using high energy beams of a forming system, continuously injecting protective gas into the forming chamber by using a blowing device in the forming process, and exhausting by using an exhaust device, wherein the exhaust rate of the exhaust device is not more than the rate of the protective gas injected by the blowing device.
The air outlet of the air blowing device and the air outlet of the exhaust device are higher than the molding surface in the molding process, the distance between the air outlet of the air blowing device and the inner diameter of the to-be-molded part is 2-5mm, the distance between the air outlet of the exhaust device and the outer diameter of the to-be-molded part grinding tool is 2-5mm, and the air outlet of the air blowing device and the air outlet of the exhaust device are arranged in a short distance, so that smoke generated in a molding area can flow out along with airflow in a laminar flow state, and the dispersion of the smoke is effectively avoided.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, a rotary table 102 is provided in a closed molding chamber 101, a substrate 103 is provided on the rotary table 102, and the substrate 103 is fastened to a turntable of the rotary table 102. An outer cylinder 104 fixedly connected to the base plate 103 is provided on the base plate 103, and a workpiece 105 is molded in the outer cylinder 104. The area enclosed by the outer cylinder body 104 is the forming area of the workpiece, and metal powder 110 is laid in the forming area according to the process requirement.
For large format powder bed fusion forming, the scanning area of one set of scanning systems is typically insufficient to cover the entire forming area. However, if the scanning area profile diameter of the scanning system is greater than the profile radius of the entire forming area, the scanning system 108 may be positioned 1/2 of the profile radius of the outer cylinder 104. As shown in fig. 1. Thus, when the rotary table 102 rotates the substrate 103, the outer cylinder 104, the formed workpiece 105, and the metal powder 110, the scanning system 108 can complete the scanning operation in the whole forming area sector by sector.
The air blowing device 107 is disposed on the central axis of the rotary table 102. The bottom of the blowing device 107 is provided with a blowing opening, the lower edge of the blowing opening is slightly higher than a forming plane, and the preferable distance is 10-50 mm. Outside the outer cylinder 104, an exhaust device 109 is provided. The bottom of the exhaust device 109 is provided with an exhaust port, and the height of the lower edge of the exhaust port is equivalent to that of the lower edge of the air blowing port. The flowing gas field between the insufflation spoken exhaust covers the scanning area below the scanning system 108.
According to the arrangement of the present invention, the distance between the air blowing port and the air exhaust port is larger than the contour radius of the outer cylinder 104, and the space between the air blowing port and the air exhaust port is reduced by about a half compared with the conventional manner.
Example two:
for barrel-shaped thin-wall parts, the overall profile diameter is large, but the wall thickness is relatively thin, and the center/inner position of the barrel-shaped thin-wall part is not solid. Typical parts are rocket casings, turbojet engine casings, rocket engine exhaust nozzles. Because the parts often have a complex flow channel structure inside the shell, the production period can be greatly shortened compared with the traditional manufacturing process if the powder bed fusion forming process is used for producing the large thin-wall complex components.
As shown in fig. 2, an inner cylinder 106 is provided in an outer cylinder 104, and a formed workpiece 105 and a metal powder 110 are disposed in an annular space region sandwiched between the outer cylinder 104 and the inner cylinder 106. The air outlet of the air blowing device 107 and the air outlet of the exhaust device 109 are both provided with air guide covers, the distance between the two air guide covers is larger than the wall thickness of the part to be formed, the distance between the air blowing opening and the air outlet is reduced through the air guide covers, smoke can be timely discharged, and the smoke dust discharge efficiency is greatly improved.
Example three:
when the forming breadth is large, the forming efficiency of the workpiece can be greatly improved by using a plurality of sets of scanning systems. The larger forming web also provides the necessary installation space for the arrangement of multiple sets of scanning systems.
As shown in fig. 4, the air blowing device 107 is provided with four air blowing ports uniformly distributed on the circumference. Accordingly, in four corresponding directions, four sets of scanning systems and four sets of exhaust devices are provided. In the forming process, the relative positions of the air blowing device 107, the air exhaust device (109) and the scanning system are fixed, and the formed part is rotationally formed, so that the forming heat can be intensively discharged, and the smoke can be prevented from being dispersed.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications, etc., which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be construed as equivalents (e.g., other structures which do not change the relative motion) and are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an annular hollow part vibration material disk smoke dust collector that discharges fume, a serial communication port, including shaping room (101), be provided with the shaping system in shaping room (101), shaping room (101) upper end is equipped with gas blowing device (107), shaping room (101) lateral wall is equipped with exhaust apparatus (109), the line level sets up and is located the shaping face upper end between the air outlet of gas blowing device (107) and the income wind gap of exhaust apparatus (109), gas blowing device (107) communicate in the source of blowing or the gas vent is used for the exhaust source even, the air outlet of gas blowing device (107) and the income wind gap of exhaust apparatus (109) set up in the regional both sides of shaping.
2. The smoke discharging and dust removing device for the additive manufacturing of the annular hollow part as claimed in claim 1, wherein an air outlet of the air blowing device (107) is provided with an air equalizing grid.
3. The smoke and dust removing device for the additive manufacturing of the annular hollow part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blowing opening of the blowing device (107) and the exhaust opening of the exhaust device (109) are arranged in a gradually expanding structure, and the gradually expanding structure is arranged annularly along the forming structure.
4. The additive manufacturing smoke exhaust and dust removal device for the annular hollow parts as claimed in claim 1, wherein a blowing device (107) and an exhaust device (109) are a set of air exhaust structures, and a plurality of sets of air exhaust structures are arranged in the forming chamber (101) along the circumference.
5. The smoke discharging and dust removing device for the additive manufacturing of the annular hollow part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the difference between the height and the air outlet of the air blowing device (107) and the height and the air inlet of the air exhausting device (109) is 10-50 mm.
6. The smoke exhausting and dust removing device for the additive manufacturing of the annular hollow part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air outlet of the air blowing device (107) and the air outlet of the air exhausting device (109) are both provided with air guiding covers.
7. The smoke and dust removing device for the additive manufacturing of the annular hollow part as claimed in claim 6, wherein the distance between the air outlet of the air blowing device (107) and the air outlet of the air exhausting device (109) is larger than the wall thickness of the part to be formed.
8. The smoke and dust removing device for the additive manufacturing of the annular hollow part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air blowing device (107) is circumferentially provided with a plurality of air outlets, and each air outlet is correspondingly provided with an air exhausting device (109).
9. The smoke discharging and dust removing method for the additive manufacturing of the annular hollow part based on the claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, when a workpiece is formed, placing a grinding tool of the to-be-formed piece, and filling protective gas into the forming chamber by using a blowing device;
and S2, after powder is spread in the grinding tool of the piece to be formed, forming by using high energy beams of a forming system, continuously injecting protective gas into the forming chamber by using a blowing device in the forming process, and exhausting by using an exhaust device, wherein the exhaust rate of the exhaust device is not more than the rate of the protective gas injected by the blowing device.
10. The smoke discharging and dust removing method for the additive manufacturing of the annular hollow part according to claim 9, wherein the air outlet of the air blowing device and the air outlet of the air exhausting device are higher than the molding surface during the molding process, the distance between the air outlet of the air blowing device and the inner diameter of the to-be-molded part is 2-5mm, and the distance between the air outlet of the air exhausting device and the outer diameter of the to-be-molded part is 2-5 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110476054.5A CN113263188A (en) | 2021-04-29 | 2021-04-29 | Smoke discharging and dust removing device and method for additive manufacturing of annular hollow parts |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110476054.5A CN113263188A (en) | 2021-04-29 | 2021-04-29 | Smoke discharging and dust removing device and method for additive manufacturing of annular hollow parts |
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| CN113263188A true CN113263188A (en) | 2021-08-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202110476054.5A Pending CN113263188A (en) | 2021-04-29 | 2021-04-29 | Smoke discharging and dust removing device and method for additive manufacturing of annular hollow parts |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201907274U (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-07-27 | 东莞市开泰激光科技有限公司 | Air blowing protector for marking machine scanner |
| CN106623928A (en) * | 2016-12-18 | 2017-05-10 | 北京工业大学 | Device for entering and exiting of shielding gas on two sides of forming bin of metal 3D printing equipment |
| CN110538995A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-06 | 华中科技大学 | selective laser melting forming device and method for large-size annular/frame-shaped metal piece |
| CN209754015U (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-12-10 | 上海应用技术大学 | Smoke filtering and powder recovering device for metal selective laser melting |
-
2021
- 2021-04-29 CN CN202110476054.5A patent/CN113263188A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201907274U (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-07-27 | 东莞市开泰激光科技有限公司 | Air blowing protector for marking machine scanner |
| CN106623928A (en) * | 2016-12-18 | 2017-05-10 | 北京工业大学 | Device for entering and exiting of shielding gas on two sides of forming bin of metal 3D printing equipment |
| CN209754015U (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-12-10 | 上海应用技术大学 | Smoke filtering and powder recovering device for metal selective laser melting |
| CN110538995A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-06 | 华中科技大学 | selective laser melting forming device and method for large-size annular/frame-shaped metal piece |
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