CN113262396A - Method for improving temperature distribution of photothermal effect - Google Patents

Method for improving temperature distribution of photothermal effect Download PDF

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CN113262396A
CN113262396A CN202110447084.3A CN202110447084A CN113262396A CN 113262396 A CN113262396 A CN 113262396A CN 202110447084 A CN202110447084 A CN 202110447084A CN 113262396 A CN113262396 A CN 113262396A
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photothermal
light
photothermal conversion
conversion object
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CN113262396B (en
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蒋青云
尹承平
李心磊
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South China Normal University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
    • A61N5/062—Photodynamic therapy, i.e. excitation of an agent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
    • A61N5/0625—Warming the body, e.g. hyperthermia treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0626—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods

Abstract

A method of improving the photothermal effect temperature profile, comprising the steps of: vertically irradiating multiple light beams on a surface of a photothermal conversion object to form a halo composed of a circular spot; and adjusting beam parameters vertically irradiated on the surface of the photothermal conversion object, wherein the beam parameters comprise the irradiation wavelength of each beam, the number of light rings, the number of circular light spots on each ring of light ring, the radius of each circular light spot, the irradiation position of the beam and the irradiation intensity. Compared with the prior art, the method for improving the temperature distribution of the photothermal effect can be used for homogenizing the temperature distribution on the photothermal conversion object and improving the efficiency of the photothermal effect.

Description

Method for improving temperature distribution of photothermal effect
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photo-thermal effect, in particular to a method for improving the temperature distribution of the photo-thermal effect.
Background
The photothermal effect refers to the interaction between photon energy and crystal lattice, aggravation of vibration, temperature increase, and the electrical properties of the material caused by temperature change after the material is irradiated by light. Photothermal effect is widely used in various technical fields, such as material processing, local ablation, etc., and the application of photothermal effect to the conventional technology will be described below with respect to ablation of malignant tumor as an example.
Malignant tumors are always one of the biggest threats to human health, and the traditional treatment methods have the problems of incomplete treatment and serious side effects. Therefore, in the face of the threat of malignant tumors, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to give more possibilities to life. In recent years, Photothermal therapy (PPT) has become a new potential tumor therapy approach following surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy in clinical practice. The treatment mode can reduce the pain suffered by the patient, and has short treatment time, obvious treatment effect and small side effect on the human body. The principle of photothermal therapy is that a material with photothermal conversion function is injected into a human body, then the photothermal conversion material can be gathered in a tumor by using a targeted recognition technology, finally, under the irradiation of external laser, the light energy is converted into heat energy through photothermal effect to raise the local temperature, and the thermolabile of tumor cells is utilized to achieve the therapeutic effect.
However, the photothermal effect is easily affected by the size and material of the photothermal conversion object, and the processing effect is affected due to the uneven temperature. For example, the problems of uneven temperature distribution and surface overheating often occur in the photothermal treatment process, so that the efficiency of photothermal treatment is not ideal, and photothermal treatment cannot be widely applied clinically, and therefore, the regulation of temperature distribution in the photothermal treatment process is very important for promoting the application of photothermal treatment. That is, improving the uniformity of the temperature distribution of the photothermal conversion object in the photothermal effect has a positive meaning for promoting the use of the photothermal effect. However, the control of the temperature distribution is difficult to achieve by the illumination mode in the prior art covering the photothermal conversion object.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for improving the temperature distribution of the photothermal effect to improve the efficiency of the photothermal effect.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method of improving the photothermal effect temperature profile, comprising the steps of: vertically irradiating multiple light beams on a surface of a photothermal conversion object to form a halo composed of a circular spot; and adjusting beam parameters vertically irradiated on the surface of the photothermal conversion object, wherein the beam parameters comprise the irradiation wavelength of each beam, the number of light rings, the number of circular light spots on each ring of light ring, the radius of each circular light spot, the irradiation position of the beam and the irradiation intensity.
Compared with the prior art, the method for improving the temperature distribution of the photothermal effect uniformly projects the light beams on the surface of the photothermal conversion object through the multi-beam annular illumination mode, and adjusts the parameters of the light beams according to the illumination effect, so that the efficiency of the photothermal effect is improved while the heating is ensured to be carried out according to the requirements.
Further, before the multiple light beams are perpendicularly irradiated on the surface of the photothermal conversion object to form the light ring composed of the circular light spot, the following steps are further included: presetting each initial parameter of the light beam and injecting a photothermal conversion material into the photothermal conversion object; the initial parameters include an initial irradiation wavelength, an initial irradiation intensity, an initial beam number, an initial halo arrangement shape, an initial beam radius, and an initial beam irradiation position of the preset beam, and it is ensured that each circular spot on the surface of the projected photothermal conversion object is not overlapped to ensure the projected effect.
Further, if a ratio of a thickness to a maximum length of the photothermal conversion object is 0.4 or more, the initial beam irradiation position is close to an edge of the photothermal conversion object; if the ratio of the thickness to the maximum length of the photothermal conversion object is less than 0.4, the initial beam irradiation position is close to the central axis of the photothermal conversion object. The initial light beam irradiation position is adjusted according to the thickness of the photo-thermal conversion object, so that the whole heat generation and heat dissipation of the photo-thermal conversion object are uniform, and the whole temperature distribution is uniform.
Further, the initial irradiation wavelength is within a range of ± 10nm of a resonance peak of the photothermal conversion material and is not changed during irradiation. The selection of the irradiation wavelength is determined according to factors such as optical properties, size and shape of the photothermal conversion material, and is calculated by numerical methods such as Mie scattering theory and discrete dipole approximation method, and the obtained initial irradiation wavelength value can optimize the efficiency of the photothermal conversion material.
Further, the parameters of the initial halo arrangement shape include the number of rings; the number of rings is 1 to 3. The number of turns of the light ring is not too large, and the purpose of forming the circular light spot formed by the light beam into a ring shape is to disperse the light to realize symmetrical temperature distribution. If too many turns are not favorable for further adjustment, the phenomenon of overlapping light beams is easily caused.
Further, the parameters of the initial halo arrangement shape also include the initial circular spot radius formed by each light beam; the radius of the initial circular light spot is the radius of the light-heat conversion object
Figure BDA0003037299120000021
To
Figure BDA0003037299120000022
The radius of the initial circular light spot is not too large, the light beam is easily overlapped due to the too large radius, the temperature is not uniform, and the smaller circular light spot is more flexible when the position of the light beam is adjusted.
Further, the parameters of the initial halo arrangement shape also include the number of light beams forming each ring of halo; the number of beams per circle is 6 to 12. The number of light beams of each ring of light rings is not too small or too much, the number is too small, the temperature distribution is easy to be asymmetric, the effect of the photo-thermal effect is not beneficial to be improved, and the light beams are overlapped when the number is too large.
Further, the number of light beams on each circle of light ring and/or the initial circular spot radius of each circle are not equal. If the ratio of the thickness to the maximum length of the photothermal conversion object is large, the number of circular light spots formed by the inner ring light beam close to the central shaft is a little larger than that of the outer ring, and the size of the circular light spots can be a little larger than that of the outer ring; if the ratio of the thickness to the maximum length of the photothermal conversion object is small, the number of circular light spots formed by the outer ring light beam far away from the central shaft may be larger than that of the inner ring, and the size of the circular light spots may be larger than that of the inner ring, so as to further uniform temperature distribution.
Further, acquiring a temperature on the photothermal conversion object before adjusting an adjustable beam parameter perpendicularly irradiated on a surface of the photothermal conversion object; adjusting the beam irradiation position according to a temperature on the photothermal conversion object. After the multi-beam annular light is preset, if the temperature of the top edge of the photothermal conversion object is higher than that of the bottom center, the beam irradiation position needs to be further moved inwards; if the temperature of the top edge of the photothermal conversion object is lower than that of the bottom center, the beam irradiation position needs to be further moved outward. When the temperature of the top edge of the photothermal conversion object is the same as the bottom center, no movement is required for the optimal irradiation position. In the process of moving the beam position, the circular light spots formed by the beams do not overlap and all irradiate the top of the photothermal conversion object all the time.
Further, the irradiation intensity is greater than the initial irradiation intensity to ensure that the desired temperature can be obtained.
For a better understanding and practice, the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for improving the temperature distribution of photothermal effect according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a structure of a photothermal conversion object according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a projection view of a photothermal conversion object projected in the beam projection direction in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the prior art operation and the temperature profile thereof in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a projection view of a photothermal conversion object projected in a beam projection direction in a multi-beam annular illumination mode and a temperature distribution diagram thereof in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a projection view of the photothermal conversion object projected in the beam projection direction after adjusting the beam irradiation position in embodiment 1 of the present invention and a temperature distribution diagram thereof;
FIG. 7 is a projection view of a photothermal conversion object projected in a beam projection direction after enhancing the irradiation intensity and a temperature distribution diagram thereof in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the prior art operation and the temperature profile thereof in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a projection view of a photothermal conversion object projected in a beam projection direction in a multi-beam annular illumination mode and a temperature distribution diagram thereof in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a projection view of the photothermal conversion object projected in the beam projection direction after adjusting the beam irradiation position in embodiment 2 of the present invention and a temperature distribution diagram thereof;
FIG. 11 is a projection view of a photothermal conversion object projected in a beam projection direction after enhancing the irradiation intensity and a temperature distribution diagram thereof in example 2 of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for improving the temperature distribution of the photothermal effect, which improves the temperature distribution of the photothermal effect through a multi-beam annular illumination mode. Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the method is implemented by the following steps:
step S10: a light beam emitter is provided and each initial parameter of the light beam is preset, and a photothermal conversion material is injected into the photothermal conversion object.
The preset beam initial parameters comprise an initial irradiation wavelength, an initial irradiation intensity, an initial beam number, an initial halo arrangement shape, an initial beam radius and an initial beam irradiation position of a preset beam. The parameters of the initial light ring arrangement shape comprise the number of rings, the number of light beams forming each light ring and the radius of an initial circular light spot formed by each light beam, and the number of the light beams forming each light ring can be unequal on the premise of ensuring that each circular light spot is not overlapped; the initial irradiation wavelength can be obtained by calculation according to numerical methods such as Mie scattering theory, discrete dipole approximation method and the like, and is not changed in the photothermal effect process. Preferably, the number of the rings of the initial halo arrangement shape is 1 to 3, the number of the light beams on each halo is 6 to 12, and the radius of each light beam is set so that the radius of a circular light spot projected on the photothermal conversion object is the radius of the cross section of the photothermal conversion object receiving the illumination
Figure BDA0003037299120000041
To
Figure BDA0003037299120000042
The initial light beam irradiation position is determined according to the thickness of the photothermal conversion object, the distance of the photothermal conversion object in the light beam projection direction is set as the thickness H, the maximum distance in the direction perpendicular to the light beam projection direction is set as the length L, and if H/L is greater than or equal to 0.4, the initial light beam irradiation position should be close to the edge of the photothermal conversion object; if H/L is less than 0.4, the initial irradiation position of the light beam should be closeA central axis of the photothermal conversion object; the initial irradiation wavelength is the resonance peak +/-10 nm of the photothermal conversion material, and the initial irradiation wavelength is not changed in the irradiation process.
Step S20: emitting multiple beams and vertically irradiating to form a light ring composed of circular light spots on the surface of the photothermal conversion object to realize a multiple-beam annular light irradiation mode, and detecting the temperature on the photothermal conversion object.
When multiple light beams are perpendicularly irradiated on the surface of the photothermal conversion object, each light beam forms a circular light spot, and the circular light spots are regularly distributed and further arranged in a ring shape to form a light ring. The photothermal conversion material performs photothermal conversion under light irradiation to generate heat, and the temperature of the photothermal conversion object is increased by the transfer of the heat.
Step S30: adjusting an adjustable beam parameter vertically irradiated on a surface of the photothermal conversion object according to a temperature change of the photothermal conversion object, and changing a temperature distribution on the photothermal conversion object by changing a distribution of heat.
The adjustable beam parameters comprise the irradiation wavelength of each beam, the number of the light rings, the number of the circular light spots on each light ring, the radius of each circular light spot, the irradiation position of the beam and the irradiation intensity. The beam irradiation positions include respective halo radii. The position and intensity of heat generation in the photothermal conversion object are controlled by adjusting the adjustable beam parameters, and the distribution of heat is affected, thereby changing the temperature distribution.
The light emitting unit emits multiple light beams and generates heat by vertically irradiating the light on the surface of the object to be subjected to photothermal conversion, and the temperature distribution is stabilized when heat generation and heat dissipation are balanced. There are three cases of the stabilized temperature distribution. If the bottom temperature of the photo-thermal conversion object is higher than that of the side edge, the radius of each light ring is further reduced, so that each multi-beam is adjusted to be close to the central axis direction of the photo-thermal conversion object to change the beam irradiation position; if the bottom temperature of the photo-thermal conversion object is lower than that of the side edge, the radiuses of the light rings are further increased, so that the light beams are adjusted to be far away from the central axis direction of the photo-thermal conversion object to change the light beam irradiation positions; if the bottom temperature of the photothermal conversion object is similar to the side, the beam irradiation position does not need to be readjusted.
Further, when the edge temperature of the photothermal conversion object is less than 48 ℃, the irradiation intensity may be increased to increase the temperature. When the tissue edge temperature is above 55 ℃, the irradiation intensity may be reduced to lower the temperature.
The method for improving the photothermal effect temperature distribution is described in detail below by taking photothermal therapy using photothermal effect as an example. Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3 in combination, the tumor 2 comprises a healthy tissue 1 and a tumor 2 wrapped by the healthy tissue 1, and a plurality of light beams 3 are projected to the top of the tumor 2 along the arrow direction of fig. 2.
Example 1
In example 1, a tumor 2 as a light-heat conversion object had a radius and a thickness of 2mm, and gold nanospheres having a radius of 20nm were injected as a light-heat conversion material, and the volume fraction in the tumor was fv＝5.6×10-6. Referring to fig. 4, the top of the tumor 2 is fully covered by the vertically incident laser beam 3 when the laser irradiation mode commonly used in the prior art is adopted. At this time, the temperature at the top edge B of the tumor 2 is higher than the temperature at the bottom C of the tumor 2, and the temperature distribution is very uneven. The method for improving the temperature distribution of the photothermal effect is adopted, and the steps S10 to S30 are sequentially executed.
In step S10, the initial irradiation wavelength is set to 532nm corresponding to the resonance peak of the gold nanosphere, and the initial irradiation intensity is 15W/cm2The initial halo shape of the ring beam is 2, the inner ring radius R1 is 1mm, the outer ring radius R2 is 1.5mm, the number of light beams per ring is eight, and the beam radius is set to 0.15mm as the initial circular spot radius R projected on the photothermal conversion object.
Referring to fig. 5, in step S20, the temperature distribution is detected, and as a result, the isotherm is found to be close to the bottom point C, which indicates that the difference between the temperature at the top edge of the tumor 2 and the temperature at the bottom center of the tumor becomes smaller, i.e., the temperature distribution is significantly improved compared to the case of normal laser irradiation.
Referring to fig. 6, after the irradiation position of the light beam is adjusted so that the radius R1 of the inner circle becomes 0.4mm and the radius R2 of the outer circle becomes 1mm in step S30, the temperature of the point B on the top edge of the tumor 2 is the same as the temperature of the point C on the bottom edge, which shows that the temperature distribution is further improved.
Further comparing fig. 4 and fig. 6, the temperature in the multi-beam annular irradiation mode is decreased, so please refer to fig. 7, the irradiation intensity is adjusted to 30W/cm2To ensure the temperature required for photothermal therapy.
Example 2
Example 2 of the present invention is substantially the same as example 1 except that the size of the tumor 2 is different, specifically, the radius of the tumor 2 is 2mm and the thickness is reduced to 1mm in example 2. Referring to fig. 8, the top of the tumor 2 is fully covered by the vertically incident laser beam 3 when the laser irradiation mode commonly used in the prior art is adopted. At this time, the temperature at the top edge B of the tumor 2 is lower than that at the bottom center C of the tumor 2, and the temperature distribution is very uneven. The method for improving the temperature distribution of the photothermal effect is adopted, and the steps S10 to S30 are sequentially executed.
In step S10, the initial irradiation wavelength is set to 532nm corresponding to the resonance peak of the gold nanosphere, and the initial irradiation intensity is 15W/cm2The initial halo shape of the ring beam is 2, the inner ring radius R1 is 1mm, the outer ring radius R2 is 1.5mm, the number of light beams per ring is eight, and the beam radius is set to 0.15mm as the initial circular spot radius R projected on the photothermal conversion object.
Referring to fig. 9, in step S20, the temperature distribution is detected, and it is found that the temperature at the top edge B of the tumor 2 is still lower than the temperature at the bottom center C of the tumor 2.
Referring to fig. 10, after the light beam irradiation position is adjusted such that the inner radius R1 becomes 1.1mm and the outer radius R2 becomes 1.7mm in step S30, the temperature of the top edge point B is the same as the temperature of the bottom center point C, which shows that the temperature distribution is further improved.
Further comparing fig. 8 with fig. 10, the temperature in the multi-beam annular irradiation mode is decreasedTherefore, please refer to FIG. 11 to further adjust the irradiation intensity to 30W/cm2To achieve the temperature required for photothermal therapy.
Further, when the radius and thickness of the tumor 2, the beam initial irradiation wavelength, the initial irradiation intensity, the initial beam number, the initial halo arrangement shape, the initial beam radius, and the initial beam irradiation position are different, the optimal irradiation position of the multi-beam ring light is different. These parameters are preset and the position of the illuminated area is adjusted until the top edge and the bottom center of the tumor 2 are at the same temperature, so that the optimal beam illumination position is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the method for improving the temperature distribution of the photothermal effect regulates and controls the temperature distribution by changing the illumination shape, and discloses a new illumination mode for improving the temperature distribution of the photothermal effect. The device has strong controllability, and can adjust the radius of the round facula formed by the light beam, the number of turns of the round facula formed by the light beam, the number of the facula in each circle, the irradiation position of the light beam, the illumination intensity and the like according to actual needs to change the temperature distribution and the temperature.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for improving temperature distribution of photothermal effect is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
vertically irradiating multiple light beams on a surface of a photothermal conversion object to form a halo composed of a circular spot;
and adjusting beam parameters vertically irradiated on the surface of the photothermal conversion object, wherein the beam parameters comprise the irradiation wavelength of each beam, the number of light rings, the number of circular light spots on each ring of light ring, the radius of each circular light spot, the irradiation position of the beam and the irradiation intensity.
2. The method of improving photothermal effect temperature distribution according to claim 1, wherein: before the multiple light beams are perpendicularly irradiated on the surface of the photothermal conversion object to form the light ring composed of the circular light spot, the method further comprises the following steps:
presetting each initial parameter of the light beam and injecting a photothermal conversion material into the photothermal conversion object; the initial parameters include an initial irradiation wavelength, an initial irradiation intensity, an initial beam number, an initial halo arrangement shape, an initial beam radius, and an initial beam irradiation position of a preset beam, and it is ensured that each circular spot on the surface of the projected photothermal conversion object does not overlap.
3. The method of improving photothermal effect temperature distribution according to claim 2, wherein: if the ratio of the thickness to the maximum length of the photothermal conversion object is 0.4 or more, the initial beam irradiation position is close to the edge of the photothermal conversion object; if the ratio of the thickness to the maximum length of the photothermal conversion object is less than 0.4, the initial beam irradiation position is close to the central axis of the photothermal conversion object.
4. The method of improving photothermal effect temperature distribution according to claim 2, wherein: the initial irradiation wavelength is the resonance peak +/-10 nm of the photothermal conversion material and is not changed in the irradiation process.
5. The method of improving photothermal effect temperature distribution according to claim 2, wherein: the parameters of the initial halo arrangement shape comprise the number of rings; the number of rings is 1 to 3.
6. The method of improving photothermal effect temperature distribution according to claim 5, wherein: the parameters of the initial halo arrangement shape also comprise the initial circular spot radius formed by each light beam; the radius of the initial circular light spot is the radius of the light-heat conversion object
Figure FDA0003037299110000011
To
Figure FDA0003037299110000012
7. The method of improving photothermal effect temperature distribution according to claim 6, wherein: the parameters of the initial halo arrangement shape also comprise the number of light beams forming each ring of halo; the number of beams per circle is 6 to 12.
8. The method of improving photothermal effect temperature distribution according to claim 7, wherein: the number of light beams on each circle of light ring and/or the radius of the initial circular light spot of each circle are not equal.
9. The method of improving photothermal effect temperature distribution according to claim 1, wherein: acquiring a temperature on the photothermal conversion object before adjusting an adjustable beam parameter perpendicularly irradiated on a surface of the photothermal conversion object; adjusting the beam irradiation position according to a temperature on the photothermal conversion object.
10. The method of improving photothermal effect temperature distribution according to claim 2, wherein: the illumination intensity is greater than the initial illumination intensity.
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Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH105359A (en) * 1996-06-26 1998-01-13 S L T Japan:Kk Laser therapy equipment for living body tissue
CN1568163A (en) * 2001-03-02 2005-01-19 帕洛玛医疗技术公司 Apparatus and method for photocosmetic and photodermatological treatment
US20060103905A1 (en) * 2002-06-25 2006-05-18 Richard Walmsley Multi spot optics in medical applications
CN101553280A (en) * 2005-09-19 2009-10-07 眼科医疗公司 System and method for generating treatment patterns
US20130178917A1 (en) * 2005-04-22 2013-07-11 Cynosure, Inc. Methods and systems for laser treatment using non-uniform output beam
US8961578B2 (en) * 2012-03-21 2015-02-24 Tria Beauty, Inc. Dermatological treatment device with one or more vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL)

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH105359A (en) * 1996-06-26 1998-01-13 S L T Japan:Kk Laser therapy equipment for living body tissue
CN1568163A (en) * 2001-03-02 2005-01-19 帕洛玛医疗技术公司 Apparatus and method for photocosmetic and photodermatological treatment
US20060103905A1 (en) * 2002-06-25 2006-05-18 Richard Walmsley Multi spot optics in medical applications
US20130178917A1 (en) * 2005-04-22 2013-07-11 Cynosure, Inc. Methods and systems for laser treatment using non-uniform output beam
CN101553280A (en) * 2005-09-19 2009-10-07 眼科医疗公司 System and method for generating treatment patterns
US8961578B2 (en) * 2012-03-21 2015-02-24 Tria Beauty, Inc. Dermatological treatment device with one or more vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL)

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